第二十一讲 连动式与兼语式的英译处理

第二十一讲 连动式与兼语式的英译处理
第二十一讲 连动式与兼语式的英译处理

连动式与兼语式的英译处理

“连动式”就是一种两个或两个以上的动词共一个主语的结构,其中动词可以带宾语、补语,但不带连词。“兼语式”是一种前一个动词的宾语兼作后一个动词的主语的结构。

一、连动式的英译

连动式又分为并列式、从属式和链式三种,各自译法有所不同。

1.并列式连动式的译法。并列式连动式中的几个动词表示动作间先后关系或同时关系。表示两个动作的同时或几乎同时关系时,常将其中比较次要的译作英语中的现在分词(作伴随情况状语);表示两个动作先后关系时,常译成两个英语动词,并用and连接。举例如下:

寻章摘句,世之腐儒也,何能兴邦立事?

Those who are lost in selecting passages and choosing phrases are pedants. How can such men make their states strong and do great deeds?

2.从属式连动式的译法。从属式连动式中的几个动词有主次之分,主要动词与次要动词之间有条件、方式、对象、目的、因果等关系。英译时,一般将主要动词译成英语的谓语动词,将其它动词译作不定式、分词、介词(短语)等。例如:

她1933年到上海定居,在那里,她的创作进入了一个新的高潮期。

“定居”为主,“到上海”为次,表示处所。

She settled in Shanghai in 1933,where her literary creation end another period of flourishing.

3.链式连动式的译法。链式连动式由两个或两个以上有逻辑关系的主谓结构并列而成,是比较复杂的并列式或从属式连动式。链式连动式表示动作先后关系时,译文中可用and表达;链式连动式表示从属关系时,应仔细辨别各动词之间的关系,找出主要动词,并根据英语习惯进行翻译。例如:

这个犯罪团伙,持枪劫车,杀人越货,真是罪大莫及。

“持枪劫车”与“杀人越货”为并列关系。在“持枪劫车”中,“劫车”是主,“持枪”表方式;“杀人越货”中“越货”是主,“杀人”是手段。可译为:

This band of criminal gunman hijacked trucks,killed drivers and looted the goods.Even death cannot atone for their offense.

二、兼语式的英译

汉语兼语式复杂谓语的英译主要有以下几种情况:

1.根据英语的SVOC(主语+谓语+宾语+补语)句型把汉语兼语式的第二个动词译作英语的宾语补足语(不定式、介词短语、形容词、介词、副词、分词或名词来充当)。例如:

国际社会呼吁交战双方早日达成停火协议。

The international community appealed to the warring sides for an earliest possible cease-fire agreement.

2·利用英语中表示“致使”、“促成”意义的动词,翻译汉语兼语式谓语。例如:

这些项目具有技术起点高、经济效益好、市场潜力大、发展后劲足等特点,能够使投资者获得可观的效益。

With a solid technical basis,sound economic efficiency.great market potential and bright prospective,these projects will secure good economic results for the investors.

3.兼语式的第一个动词为“表扬”、“称赞”、“埋怨”、“责怪”、“批评”等时,往往可将第二个动词译成英语中表示原因的状语从句或状语性短语。例如:

那位评论家指责该书作者有剽窃行为。

The critic criticized the author of the book for plagiarism.

4.注意辨别兼语式。许多表层结构很像兼语式的结构,其实并不是兼语式。误判会导致误译。例如:

他不喜欢人家批评他。He hates criticism.

5.很多情况下,兼语式的英译需根据上下文和英语习惯灵活处理。例如:

我劝你还是投案自首,以求宽大处理。

You’d better surrender yourself to the police in the hope of being accorded lenient treatment.

练习

一、翻译下列短语

1·股份制2.租赁制3.意向书4.保证书5.劳动合同6.财政包干制度7.国家二级企业

8.进出口许可证制度。9.扭转企业亏损10.连锁商店经营

二、将下列短语或句子译成英语,注意划底线的词语:

1·农民们敲锣打鼓庆祝新春佳节。

2·那辆面的撞倒一个小女孩后逃离了现场。

3·你最好打个电话跟他约个时间见面谈谈。

4·他解开了大襟上的纽扣,抓着衣角扇了几下,站起来回家去了。

5·大夫开了一个药方给他调元补气。

三、翻译下列各句,注意兼语式的英译:

1·该国政府敦促国际社会向逃到该国的难民提供人道主义救援。

2·安理会决定向该地区派维和部队制止冲突升级。

3·国际奥委会选定这个城市为下届奥运会的会址。

4·他们认为她是全国人大代表的合适人选。

5·该书融学术性、知识性、趣味性于一体,并有插图照片,可供广大戏曲、影视、美术、文学、社会学和民俗学工作者参考。

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