论英语翻译与英语语言文化的关系

论英语翻译与英语语言文化的关系

论英语翻译与英语语言文化的关系

发表时间:2019-07-18T11:19:49.917Z 来源:《科技尚品》2018年第11期作者:王丽娜

[导读] 语言是构建文化重要的桥梁,随着社会、科技以及经济的飞速发展,国与国之间,以及各国文化之间的交流与碰撞愈发激烈。作为文化载体,英语也随之时代的发展开始走入国人的日常生活中。然而从翻译角度来看,有的外来翻译文深得人心,传承了自己民族的文化,经受住了时代的检验,并成为了汉语言文化中不可或缺的一部分,但有的外来翻译则差强人意,不仅晦涩难懂,也难以流传与传承,所以,在英译过程中,需要结合不同国家的语言特点,

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引言

从语言文化角度对英语翻译进行分析,了解两者之间存在的内在联系,能够保障英语翻译的准确性,避免出现翻译偏差的情况。所以,翻译人员需要明确两者之间的关系,并对两者进行协调,本文基于语言文化影响要素,结合英语语言文化的特点,对英语英语翻译中需要重视的问题进行了阐述,希望可以保障英语翻译的价值性。

一、英语语言文化对英语翻译影响

由于中西方语言文化存在差异,导致英语翻译存在一定的问题。而词汇作为英语翻译的基本要素,在整体翻译系统中产生问题最多。在英语翻译中,由于英语、汉语处于不同的文化体系中,各自在语言表达方式、语言表达内容上存在独立的色彩,有很多词汇存在无法对应的情况。例如,在汉语中存在大量的成语,三顾茅庐、瞒天过海等,用英语无法对其进行准确的表达。在英语语言中存在大量的词汇,也只能采取直译的方式,将其直接进行汉化。如Hotdog(热狗)、coffer(咖啡)等。另外,在英语语言中,一个词语可以表达多个意思,propaganda既可以表达欺骗、也可以表达宣传。由于语言文化存在差异,导致英语翻译过程中无法准备表达词汇包含的深刻内涵。除此之外,由于中西方文化之间的差异性的,导致英语翻译中存在很多的矛盾点。英语中的资本家(capitalist)在语言文化中具有赞美的疑问,而从中国的语言文化角度出发,此词汇具有一定的批判意义上。基于中西方存在的语言差异对英语翻译进行分析,两者存在一定的矛盾关系,但有存在一定的协调性,英语翻译准确性会受到英语文化的影响,英语语言文化是构成英语翻译的基础[1]。

基于此,由于语言文化存在差异,导致中西方的思维意识存在明显的不同,受法律观念、民俗观念影响,英语翻译与语言文化存在一定的对立性。Individualism作为一种理念价值观,由于中西方文化的不同,导致语言文化也存在一定的差异。在英语翻译中,Individualism 作为传统儒家理念相排斥,在语言翻译中,会产生严重的影响。

二、英语语言文化对英语翻译的阻碍

基于中西方不同的文化背景,会导致语言文化出现严重的匮乏,对英语翻译造成了严重的阻碍。由于民族风俗、民族风格的不同,导致语言很多语言仅仅用于表达原有的事物,在英语翻译中会造成十分严重的阻碍,需要翻译人员对语言进行置换。在"The bee by polarized light"短语中,由于语言文化存在差异,翻译人员对将"polarized light"翻译成极光,而在此文中的含义为偏振光。基于此,可以明确英语语言文化与英语翻译之间的关系,英语语言文化会对英语翻译造成一定的阻碍。在此背景下,很多翻译人员还会出现望文生义的情况,例如,在"He eats no fish and play the ball",很多翻译人员会将其翻译成他不吃鱼,去玩球。然而实际的意义为,他守规矩不去玩球。所以,在翻译过程中,英语语言文化会对翻译造成极其严重的影响,甚至会影响英语翻译的准确性。基于英语语言文化的差异性进行英语翻译,需了解不同文化背景所造成的语言含义,在提高自身英语语言基础上,保障英语翻译的科学性,能够准确表达原有的意思[2]。

三、英语语言思维文化对英语翻译的制约

民族语言文化受历史影响较深,是不同民族独特的文化色彩,具有一定的遗传性、地域性特征。这种遗传特征影响着一个国家、民族的精神面貌,也影响着一个国家的语言表达方式。在英语翻译中,需明确英语语言文化与英语翻译的关系,对英语语言中的习惯用语、习惯搭配进行明确,灵活对英语语言进行翻译。例如,在英语语言中,会用到"under the rose",利用汉语进行翻译则为"那朵玫瑰花下",然而此短语的实际意义为私下,表隐晦意义。在汉语表达中更有很多象征性的词汇,在英语表达中也会存在一定的隐晦意义,在不同的语言语境中,均会表达不同的意义。在实际英语翻译中,由于语言文化差异,導致中西方的语言思维存在一定的差异,英语中的"goose"直观意义为"鹅",代指意义则为傻瓜。基于不同民族之间的语言文化差异,有些语言会具有代指意义。所以,在英语翻译中,需要了解英语文化对英语翻译的影响,明确英语翻译对英语文化的促进作用,并追溯不同民族的语言表达方式,结合历史文化背景对英语进行翻译,使其能够准确表达原本的意思。

结论

总而言之,语言是一个民族的精神象征,也是不同国家的文化产物。在英语翻译中,由于文化冲突造成的翻译错误现象屡禁不止。翻译人员需要明确中西的思维差异,明确英语翻译与应用语言文化之间的内在联系,准确的表达原语言的含义,并对结合西方的语言文化,对语言进行重新构建,使其能够实现跨文化的交流,深化双方的语言理解能力。

参考文献:

[1] 张丹.茶文化在英语翻译中的推介路径研究--以不同地理环境下的茶叶名词翻译为例[J].福建茶叶,2018,40(09):341.

[2] 曹洁,项丽莉.文本类型理论视角下商务英语翻译探讨--以《市场营销原理(第13版)》为例[J].安徽文学(下半月),2018(07):65-67.

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鱼丸汤Fish ball soup 貢丸汤Meat ball soup 蛋花汤Egg & vegetable soup 蛤蜊汤Clams soup 牡蛎汤Oyster soup 紫菜汤Seaweed soup 酸辣汤Sweet & sour soup 馄饨汤Wonton soup 猪肠汤Pork intestine soup 肉羹汤Pork thick soup 鱿鱼汤Squid soup 花枝羹Squid thick soup 甜点 爱玉Vegetarian gelatin 糖葫芦Tomatoes on sticks 长寿桃Longevity Peaches 芝麻球Glutinous rice sesame balls 麻花Hemp flowers 双胞胎Horse hooves 冰类 绵绵冰Mein mein ice 麦角冰Oatmeal ice 地瓜冰Sweet potato ice 紅豆牛奶冰Red bean with milk ice 八宝冰Eight treasures ice 豆花Tofu pudding 果汁 甘蔗汁Sugar cane juice 酸梅汁Plum juice 杨桃汁Star fruit juice 青草茶Herb juice 点心 牡蛎煎Oyster omelet

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1.香囊(scented sachet),古代也称“香袋”,通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的袋子,里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫和避邪。香囊不仅有用,而且可作装饰品。它们的形状和大小各异,有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。它们通常配有精致的图案,每个图案都象征着特别的含义。例如,双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性;松树和仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮的香囊不仅是装饰品,而且含有丰富的文化和历史内涵。 翻译:Scented sachets, also called “fragrant bags” in ancient times, are bags usually sewed with cloth or weaved with multicolor silk threads and stuffed with aromatic herbs. The fragrant bags were originally used for absorbing sweat, repelling insects and warding off evils. Scented sachets are not only useful, but also ornamental. They come in different shapes and sizes, such as round, oval and many others. And they are normally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning.For instance,a double-fish or double-butterfly pattern smybolizes the love between a man and a woman;patterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolize women;pine and crane patterns symbolize longevity and a guava pattern is the symbol of lots of children.A nice scented sachet is not just an ornament,but more of something that contains cultural and historical richness. 2.中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会,是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己,远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术,这一结论必不可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要本能是求生,然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天,阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。 翻译:Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unified in the belief that yin-yang produces all living things in the world. Originated in Chinese primitive society, this was the philosophical explanation of human's perception of life. Chinese ancestors philosophical conclusion was to “look at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”,which is essential to the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation. To live and to continue life through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human. From birth, a person's first instinct is to survive, and then to live a long life. From primitive society to the present day, the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and the national culture of Chinese society.Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic philosophical concepts. 3.象棋(Chinese chess)两人玩的棋盘游戏,源于春秋战国时期的军事战略。早期的象棋由三部分组成:棋子、骰(dice)和棋盘。现代象棋没有骰子,它在棋子和棋盘方面与古代不同。棋盘有9行宽、10行长,共90个交叉点,构成方形网格(grid)。棋子在交叉点上落子或移动。对弈者在棋盘进行象征性的军很战争,部署马匹、战车,根据自己对棋局和游戏规则的理解组织军队。目前,中国象棋已传至全世界,进一步传承、发扬中国传统文化。

双语:中国姓氏英文翻译对照大合集

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步Poo 百里Pai-li C: 蔡/柴Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑Cheng 崔Tsui 查Cha 常Chiong 车Che 陈Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程Cheng 池Chi 褚/楚Chu 淳于Chwen-yu

D: 戴/代Day/Tai 邓Teng/Tang/Tung 狄Ti 刁Tiao 丁Ting/T 董/东Tung/Tong 窦Tou 杜To/Du/Too 段Tuan 端木Duan-mu 东郭Tung-kuo 东方Tung-fang F: 范/樊Fan/Van

房/方Fang 费Fei 冯/凤/封Fung/Fong 符/傅Fu/Foo G: 盖Kai 甘Kan 高/郜Gao/Kao 葛Keh 耿Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭Kung 勾Kou 古/谷/顾Ku/Koo 桂Kwei 管/关Kuan/Kwan

郭/国Kwok/Kuo 公孙Kung-sun 公羊Kung-yang 公冶Kung-yeh 谷梁Ku-liang H: 海Hay 韩Hon/Han 杭Hang 郝Hoa/Howe 何/贺Ho 桓Won 侯Hou 洪Hung 胡/扈Hu/Hoo

花/华Hua 宦Huan 黄Wong/Hwang 霍Huo 皇甫Hwang-fu 呼延Hu-yen J: 纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬Chi 居Chu 贾Chia 翦/简Jen/Jane/Chieh 蒋/姜/江/ Chiang/Kwong 焦Chiao 金/靳Jin/King 景/荆King/Ching

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1、香囊(scentedsachet),古代也称“香袋”,通常就是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织得袋子,里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫与避邪。香囊不仅有用,而且可作装饰品。它们得形状与大小各异,有圆形、椭圆形与其她形状。它们通常配有精致得图案,每个图案都象征着特别得含义。例如,双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性;松树与仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮得香囊不仅就是装饰品,而且含有丰富得文化与历史内涵。 翻译:Scentedsachets, also called “fragrant bags"in ancient times,are b ags usually sewedwithcloth or weaved with multicolor silk thread sand stuffedwith aromaticherbs、The fragrant bags were originally used for absorbing sweat,repelling insects andwardingoffevils、Scented sachets are notonly useful, but also ornamental、They e in different shapesand sizes, such as round,ovaland manyother s、And they arenormally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning、For instance,adouble-fish ordouble-butterflypattern smybolizes thelove betweena man an dawoman;patterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolizewomen;pine and crane patternssymbolize longevity and a guava patternis the symbol of lots ofchildren、A nice scented sachetis not just an ornament,but moreof somethingthat containscultural and his torical richness、 2、中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会,就是对人类得人生感悟得哲学注解.中国人祖先得哲学论断就是“近瞧自己,远观她人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术得原始艺术,这一结论必不可少。人类得本能欲望就是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来得首要本能就是求生,然后就是长寿。从原始社会到今天,阴阳与永生得观念始终贯穿中国得社会生活与民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会得所有基本哲学理念. 翻译:Chinese folkartandChinesephilosophy are unified inthe belief thatyin—yang produces all living things in the world、OriginatedinChineseprimitivesociety, thiswas thephilosophical explanation of human's perception of life、Chinese ancestorsphilosophicalconclusion wasto“look atoneself up close andother creatures from afar",which is essential to the understandingof the primiti ve arttothe folk art ofthe nation、To live and tocontinue life through propagation are thetwo instinctive desires of human、From birth,aperson'sfirst instinct is to survive, and then to livealong li fe、From primitivesocietytothe present day,the view of yin-yangand perpetual life has permeated in all aspectsofsociallife and the nationalculture of Chinesesociety、Chinese folk art re flects allof the basicphilosophicalconcepts、

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