v ed作定语和表语
v-ed用法
动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
一、动词的-ed形式的特征A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。
绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。
1．规则动词的-ed形式limit→limited（限制）pretend→pretended（假装）escape→escaped（逃脱）provide→provided（提供）refer→referred（提交）drag→dragged（拖）pray→prayed（祈祷）supply→supplied（供应）2．不规则动词的-ed形式cast→cast（投掷）spread→spread（传播）bite→bitten（咬）forgive→forgiven（原谅）spit→spat（吐）wear→worn（穿）fight→fought（搏斗）lose→lost（丢失）3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授aged an aged man 老人beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。
Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。
Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。
C．动词的-ed形式的特征动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。
1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。
非谓语动词的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结非谓语动词是汉语中一种特殊的动词形式，它不具备人称和数的特征，并不直接表达动作的主体，而是依附于其他句子成分，用来修饰名词、动词、形容词或整个句子。
非谓语动词包括了不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
今天我们就来总结一下它们的用法。
一、不定式（infinitive）是一种基本的非谓语动词形式，它的形态是“to + 动词原形”。
不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等。
例如：1. 作主语：To learn a new language is never too late.学一门新语言永远都不会太晚。
2. 作宾语：I want to visit Paris in the spring.我想在春天去巴黎旅游。
3. 作定语：The best way to improve your English is to practice every day.提高英语的最好方法就是每天练习。
4. 作表语：His dream is to become a famous musician.他的梦想是成为一名著名的音乐家。
5. 作同位语：Her wish is for everyone to be happy.她的愿望是每个人都快乐。
二、动名词（gerund）是名词化的动词，它的形态是动词的现在分词形式（V-ing），可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。
例如：1. 作主语：Swimming is good for your health.游泳对身体健康有好处。
2. 作宾语：He enjoys playing basketball in his free time.他喜欢在空闲时间打篮球。
3. 作定语：I have a meeting with my boss this afternoon.我今天下午有个与老板的会议。
4. 作表语：Her favorite activity is dancing.她最喜欢的活动是跳舞。
非谓语动词-过去分词的用法
5) Mr. Smith,____ of the speech, started
to read a ____ novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring
动词-ed形式作表语
过去分词作表语, 表示主语的状态, 且该状态 通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被 看作一个形容词, 是形容词化的过去分词。 如: ① I’m interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong. ② When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．
听了这想法他似乎很高兴。
Past Participle used as predicative
The shop is _________(close). closed
Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______ paid (pay) by the hour.
1. The tall man is a returned student．
2. My parents are both retired teachers．
Past Participle used as attribute
fallen The ground is covered by _________ (fall) leaves.
(1) 动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态
的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear,
watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。
高中英语：V-ed分词总结
高中语法专项-----V-ed分词语法要点归纳：●V-ed分词一般表示被动和完成的意义。
源自不及物动词的V-ed分词则表示主动的完成意义。
V-ed分词只具有形容词性，在句中可充当定语，表语、宾语补足语、及状语。
一、作定语●过去分词作定语，表示已经完成的被动的动作或状态。
也有少量不及物动词构成的过去分词只表示完成，而不表示被动意义。
例如：完成+被动： a polluted river a locked room主动的完成：a retired worker a fallen leaf boiled water●作定语的V-ed分词也有前置和后置两种情况二、作表语●作表语的V-ed分词通常用于谓语动词BE或其他系动词之后（例如look，seem等），表示主语所处于的状态The water in the river is polluted. She looks very excited at the news.三、作宾语补足语如果宾语与后面作宾补的动词构成被动关系，则使用过去分词作宾补。
可以带过去分词作宾补的动词有：see, hear, watch, observe, notice, find, think, feel, want, get, have, leave, keep, make, like, wish, expect, order.有的作宾补的过去分词前可加上（to be）这主要在于引导宾补的动词通常可说v＋n＋to do sth, 其被动式为：v＋sth＋(to be) done.如：tell/want/wish/expect/order…sb to do sth,则有：tell/want/ wish/expect /order…sth to be done.例如：I want you to do the job. I want the job (to be) done by you.When we talk with others, we make ourselves understood not just by words.In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed.注：感官动词后面的过去分词表示被动状态，使让动词后过去分词表示让别人做或被动动作四、作状语作状语的V-ed分词短语在它与句子主要部分之间常有逗号隔开，在句中可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随动作或情况等。
现在分词和过分词做状语、宾语补足语、定语和表语的用法高三英语一轮复习
the falling leaves
the boiled water
Practice:
The girl s_t_an_d_i_n_g(stand) there is my sister.
主动
He is a trecher __l_o_ve_d___ (love) by his studengts. 被动
• Being surrounded, the enemy was forced to give in.
• 由于正被包围着,敌人被迫投降。
• Having been told many times, he still heart.
these rules by
• 尽管被告知了很多次,他还是没把这些规定记住。
being + V-ed having +been + V-ed
being + V-ed having +been + V-ed
无
非谓语动词 【考纲解读】 非谓语动词是高考的重要考查知识点，也是必考内容之一。试卷中主要以语法 填空和短文改错形式进行考查，或者放在篇章中结合语境考查。 主要考查热点： 1.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作后置定语的区别； 2.不定式的完成式、进行式和被动式的用法； 3.现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别； 4.现在分词做伴随状语、结果状语和不定式表目的和结果状语的区别； 5.动名词做主语和宾语的用法； 6.动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别。
Given (give) more encouragement, the boy could have
behaved better.
Practice:
1.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。
V-ed 作定语表语宾语补足语
观察任务：1. 划线部分充当？成分 2. 位置？ 3. 意义？
1. After waking up, I found everyone gone. 2. The speaker raised her voice to make herself heard. 3. They found their new bikes stolen.
归纳：动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态
的动词的宾语补足语,表示感受到某人或某事
被做。（see, hear, watch, notice, feel,
find, think, suppose, consider）
1. I want to make my hair cut. 2. Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s. 3. My grandfather had his old house rebuilt． 归纳：
系动词 1. look, sound, smell, taste, feel
2. become, get, turn, grow, fall, go,
come 3. stay, keep, remain
4. seem, appear
5. turn out, prove （证明是，结果是）
V-ed与V-ing作表语的区别
1.The inner gate was locked. 2.The lecture was so great that they were all excited. 3.The story is very interesting. 4.What a surprising result!
归纳二：
过去分词作定语多表示主语所处的 状态，意为 “人感到怎样” 性质或特征 现在分词作表语，说明主语的_________ ， 意为“令人怎样……”
grammar--过去分词做定语和一般过去式
grammar--过去分词做定语和⼀般过去式Grammar —The -ed form used as attributives and the simple past tense⼀. 过去分词（短语）做定语分词是动词的⼀种⾮谓语形式，在句中可做定语、状语、补⾜语和表语。
有两种形式，⼀种是现在分词（v.-ing），⼀种是过去分词(v.-ed)。
现在分词⼀般表⽰主动和进⾏的意思，过去分词⼀般表⽰被动和完成的意思。
以下主要是过去分词（短语）做定语的⼏点⽤法。
1. 及物动词的过去分词做定语，表被动和完成。
a broken cup ⼀个破杯⼦ a wounded soldier ⼀个受伤的⼠兵respected leaders 受⼈尊敬的领导们trained camels 受过训练的骆驼们an abandoned farm ⼀个废弃的农场2. 不及物动词的过去分词没有被动的意义，只表⽰动作的完成.a grown woman ⼀位成年妇⼥an escaped prisoner⼀名逃犯a fallen tree ⼀棵倒下的树the retired manager 退休经理fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun 已升起的太阳3. 过去分词可构成合成词作定语。
man-made satellite ⼈造卫星half-finished products 半成品highly-developed industry ⾼度发达的⼯业widely-used language ⼴泛应⽤的语⾔4. 过去分词或短语作定语时，相当于⼀个定语从句。
the color TV set produced last year =the color TV set that were produced last year 去年⽣产的彩⾊电视机a letter written by my daughter =a letter which/that is written by my daughter ⼀封我⼥⼉写给我的信a young girl dressed in white= a young girl who was dressed in white⼀个穿⽩⾐服的年轻⼥孩the food cooked by experts = the food which/that was cooked by experts 烹饪专家做的⾷物5. 过去分词做定语的位置：1）单个的过去分词作定语常放在所修饰的名词之前，叫前置定语。
非谓语动词
非谓语动词：Ving可以作主、宾、表、定、状、补成分Ved可以作表、定、状、补成分不定式（to do形式）可以作主、宾、表、定、状、补成分1、作定语时三者的区别：Ving强调动作正在进行（主动语态表主动进行，被动语态表被动进行）Ved表被动完成To do表即将发生的动作2、作宾补时的区别：Ving强调动作正在进行Ved强调被动完成To do强调将来或表意愿3、作表语时的区别：1）、Ving：具有名词意义的Ving作表语表明主语是什么；具有形容词意义的Ving作表语表明主语怎么样，译为“令人…..的”2）、Ved：用作表语的Ved的被动意味较弱，主要强调动作的完成，此时相当于一个形容词，用来表明主语所处的状态；表感觉的过去分词（如：surprised、excited等），常用作表语，表主语感到怎么样（此类动词常可以用“very”修饰）；短暂性动词的Ved形式作表语，常放在Be动词或系动词之后，表示动作的不连续。
3）、不定式（to do）：表愿望或即将发生的动作，常放在系动词或者be动词之后，更强调主语与标语结构的对等4、作状语时的区别：Ving可以充当以下的状语成分：时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随状语。
其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，即句子主语为该非谓语动作的施行者。
Ved可以充当以下的状语成分：时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。
句子主语为该非谓语动作的承受者To do可以充当以下的状语成分：原因、结果、目的状语比较：表时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语时：Ving-主语是分词动作的施行者；Ved-主语是分词动作的承受者表原因状语：Ving通常构成“being+形容词”的形式，类似系表结构，强调一种现状；Ved 句子主语是分词动作的承受者；to do只用于形容词之后表结果状语时：Ving引出来的是顺理成章的结果；不定式（to do）引出的是出乎意料的结果，并且其前常会有“only”、“just”修饰，并用“，”隔开。
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3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去 分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用 作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动 意味。 ① How did the audience receive the new play? They got very excited. ② How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results. ③ She was very disappointed to hear the result. ④ He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners.
①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关 系且过去分词表示的动作已完成.(被动关系)
②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修 饰词是主谓关系。（主动关系）
③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.
过去分词
作表语
Cleaning women in big cities usually get C ________by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to
pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。 此题被动结构作表语。类似的有过去分词作表语
1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示 动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。 2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为 动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。 ① The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom.
② The windows are closed. The windows are closed by Jack.
2. Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.
Past Participle as the Attribute Past Participle as the Predicative
1.terrified people 2.reserved seats 3.polluted water 4.a crowded room 5.a pleased winner 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.children who look astonished 7.a vase that is broken 8.a door that is closed 9.the audience who feel tired 10.an animal that is trapped
1.作定语
过 去 分 词
2.作表语 3.作宾补 4.作状语
过去分词作定语
English is a widely used language. This is one of the schools built in 1980s. 单个过去分词作定语， 常放在被修饰词的前面; 过去分词短语作定语， 常放在被修饰词的后面。
过去分词
作定语
A in 776 B.C. did not include The Olympic Games,___ women players until 1912.
A. first played C. first playing B. to be first played D. to be first playing
A. to be put on C. put on B. being put on D. putting on
3. I borrowed a book ______ A by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much. A. written B. writing C. was written D. to write 4. Please don’t forget him. He is one of _______. A A. those invited B. invited those C. those inviting D. inviting those
1. The rooms are ____, C so you can’t move in. A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted
D 2. As soon as he entered the city, he ____. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost 3. What he has done is really ____.Now C his parents are _____ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by
1. Did you attend the meeting ______yesterday? C A. to be held B. having been held C. held D. being held B in the hall now? 2. Do you know the name of the play___