作定语和表语
英语名词作定语、主语、表语、宾语的语法用法
英语名词作定语、主语、表语、宾语的语法用法1.名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。
如：Computer game(电脑游戏)，pencil box(铅笔盒)，book mark(书签) 2.名词作定语时，个别情况也用复数形式。
如：Goods train(货车)，sports meeting(运动会)3.man和woman作定语时，其本身的单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致。
如：A woman teacher→women teachers:a man doctor→men doctors4.复合形容词作定语，其结构是“数字+连字符+名词单数”，也可以是“数字+复数名词所有格”。
如：a two-day holiday 也可以说成a two days’holiday。
如：The color red makes people hungry .Red also makes customers eat faster.红色会使人感到饥饿，红色也会使顾客吃得更快些。
I will have a birthday party tonight.今晚我要举办一个生日聚会。
You are my only dinosaur patient!你是我唯一的恐龙患者！5.名词作主语、表语、宾语。
如：Mary’s parents work in a restaurant.玛丽的父母在一家饭店工作。
Members aer allowed to use English-English dictionaries.会员们被允许使用英英词典。
I’d love to sail across the Pacific.我想乘船横渡太平洋。
Do you hace a cheaper pair?你们有一双便宜点的吗。
It’s London.这是伦敦。
高一英语动词ing形式作表语和定语
高中英语必修第三册Unit1语法精讲：动词ing形式作表语和定语一、动词-ing形式作表语动词-ing形式作表语，通常位于系动词后面，用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。
作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。
常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等，这类分词有“令人……的”之意，常修饰物。
Your speechis very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
注意：不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。
动词-ed形式作表语表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。
My wish is to find apart-time job this summer.我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。
I was disappointed atthis decision.我对这个决定感到失望。
2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean aspossible.＝Keeping the lecture hallas clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
[名师点津](1)作表语时，系动词除be外还有appear，sound，look，become，come，get，go，grow，keep，remain，seem等。
英语可做定语,表语,补语,状语 的成分
一.定语，状语，补语，表语系统的比对，理解This is an interesting book. 这是一本有趣的书（形容词做定语，特指有趣的，不是其他无趣的）This book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。
（形容词做表语，补充说明主语the book的特质）We found this book interesting.我们发现这本书有趣。
This is an interesting book for Children. 对于儿童来说这本书是有趣的。
（for Children 对象状语）This interesting book sold well in 2016. 这本书在2016年卖的很好。
（in 2016 做时间状语，interesting做定语修饰book）其实句子结构，主，谓，宾，定，状，补。
大家可以把这些成分，用一个舞台剧去构想，就像他们互相搭配，形成的一个场景。
一场戏基本构架就是主谓宾，类似于主人公，动作，人物的特质描述或事物。
定状补：可以理解为定语人物的塑造剧本里设定好的，状语相当于情节中的环境，地点等，补语相当于事情的扩充，补充说明，类似独白。
基本的框架搭建好了，就可以排练演出了例句1She is a kind and easy-going girl with a good temper主语谓语定语宾语补语so that a lot of classmates love her.结果状语从句（classmates 配角）例句2：Jack happened meet Rose crying and standing at the verge of boat at the evening a few days ago ,he persuaded her and tried every means to save her. But it is funny that he was mistaken for a bad man who wanted to hurt Rose.Jack, Rose, boat，人物，舞台都有了。
动词-ing形式作定语表语和宾补
tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising resቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱlt = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放 在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思 上相当于一个定语从句。如：
4. Peter received a letter just now _______ his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川2007) A. said B. say C. saying D. to say 5. I smell something _______ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (2007全国卷 I) A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
*Can you smell anything burning? *As he spoke, he observed
everybody looking at him curiously.
*Listen to the birds singing. *I didn’t notice him waiting.
We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.
我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验
（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）
② 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定
式短语表示一次动作，而-ing形式则表示
反复动作。如：
We heard the door slam. (一次动作) We heard the door slamming. (反复动作)
介词短语作定语与表语的区别与应用
介词短语作定语与表语的区别与应用介词短语作为英语中的修饰语，可以作为定语或表语来进一步描述名词或主语的性质、状态、时间、地点等。
在使用过程中，我们需要理解介词短语作定语与表语的区别，并且灵活应用。
一、介词短语作定语介词短语作定语时，它修饰的名词或代词并不是主语，而是一个名词短语的一部分。
它可以提供关于名词的信息，如形容词、时间、地点、方式、原因等。
1. 形容词修饰：介词短语作定语时，常常用来修饰名词的性质或特征。
例如：- The girl in blue dress is my sister.（穿蓝色连衣裙的女孩是我的姐姐。
）- The book on the table belongs to me.（桌子上的书是我的。
）2. 时间修饰：介词短语可以描述时间，指明事件发生的具体时间。
例如：- The meeting in the afternoon was very productive.（下午的会议非常有成效。
）- I love walking in the park at night.（晚上我喜欢在公园里散步。
）3. 地点修饰：介词短语可以表示事件或物体的位置。
例如：- The house by the lake is very beautiful.（湖边的房子非常漂亮。
）- I saw him on the bus yesterday.（昨天我在公交车上看到他。
）4. 方式修饰：介词短语可以描述事件的进行方式。
例如：- The girl with a big smile greeted everyone.（带着灿烂笑容的女孩向大家打招呼。
）- He solved the math problem without any difficulty.（他轻松地解决了这个数学问题。
）二、介词短语作表语介词短语作表语时，它修饰的名词或代词与主语具有等价关系，用来补充主语的信息，通常与be动词或感官动词（如appear, look, seem 等）连用。
语法过去分词作定语和表语
A of the ___ speech, started to 10. Mr Smith, ____ read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
1. _____________ (开水) 2. ________________ (一个破碎的茶杯) 3. three ____________________ (受伤的士兵) 4.We lived in the house __________________ (我舅舅们修建的). 5. Any medicine ________(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble. 6. We spent two hours discussing the plan ____ ______________ (她制定的).
Attention：过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词和 指示代词those 时，要放在这些词后面。 Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested
语法功能 过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一
个定语从句。
3)过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别：
• the changing world • the changed world • boiling water • boiled water
（正在变化的） （变化了的） （正在沸腾的） （已经沸腾过的）
Past paticiple
分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词
高考英语过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法精练
过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过分(表示和被动的动作) 是有形容词.副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语足语和状语1.定语: 过分做定语,表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,单一的确过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉. The books bought yesterday (=which were bought yesterday) are of high quality. 昨天买的书确实很不错昨天买的书确实很不错【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系"，即"被动态"。
过去分词作定语，主要说明"业已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。
单个过去分词作定语，分词一般说来写在被修饰的名词、代词之前；分词短语作定语时，分词放在被修饰词之后在被修饰词之后(1)表示情绪的过去分词作定语：表示情绪的过去分词作定语：--She threw me a quick, frightened glance.他迅速而惊恐地看了我一眼他迅速而惊恐地看了我一眼--His face wore a puzzled expression.他脸上有一种困惑的表情他脸上有一种困惑的表情--He had a pleased look on his face.他脸上现出高兴的神情他脸上现出高兴的神情--We can hear his excited voice.我们可以听到他激动的声音我们可以听到他激动的声音----The inspired soldier soon calmed down. 那个受到鼓舞的士兵很快就平静下来了那个受到鼓舞的士兵很快就平静下来了--The frightened girl sat in the corner quietly. 那位吓得惊慌的姑娘一声不响地坐在角落里。
分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语
1 高承英语专题讲义（高承英语专题讲义（5656期高二）专题一分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语（一）分词做定语单个现在分词形式或过去分词形式作定语时，一般说来放在中心词（被修饰的名词或代词）之前；现在分词形式或过去分词形式短语作定语时，现在分词形式或过去分词形式短语作定语时，放在被修饰词之后，放在被修饰词之后，放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个相当于一个定语从句。
1) That is an interesting TV series. 那是一部非常有趣的电视剧。
那是一部非常有趣的电视剧。
2) The girl s itting sitting by my side is my cousin. 坐在我旁边的是我表妹。
坐在我旁边的是我表妹。
3) The excited children were opening their Christmas presents. 兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的圣诞礼物。
4) They reduced the number of animals used in experiment s . 他们减少了用于试验的动物数量。
【used in experiments = which were used in experiments 】（二）分词做表语现在分词作表语表示主语的特征，常用于事物；过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，常用于人。
1) The news is really exciting . 那消息真让人兴奋。
2) She looked disappointed after she lost the game. 输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。
（三）分词做宾语补足语现在分词形式和过去分词形式可作复合宾语中的补足语。
1. 在表示感觉和心理状态的动词see 、hear 、feel 、smell 、listen(to)、notice 、observe 、smell 、watch 这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构，这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词（人名等），也可以是代词宾格（him 、us 等）。
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1. ____ in the traffic accident ____ taken to hospital.
A. An injured, was B. The injured, has
C. The injuring, were D. The injured, have been 2.The ___ look on the girl’s face suggested that she ___ such bad news.
falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves 落叶
Translate the following phrases:
退休工人 a retired worker 逃犯 an escaped prisoner 被盗的汽车 a stolen car
(2) 所表示的时间
过去分词作定语时，所表示的动作 在谓语所表示的动作之前发生.
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
解析
该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动 结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get
hurt , get wounded.
-ing作表语与-ed作表语的区别
The result of the test is disappointing. I feel disappointed in the result of the test.
The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him. Have you read the books written by
the young writer？
They found a damaged car at the gate of the park.
• I know the people building the house there.(主动、进行）
A.having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
6.You’ll find the word "psychology"____under "P" in your dictionary.
A.have listed D.listing
The story is very interesting
He is interested in the book. What a surprising result!
I am surprised at what he said.
Compete the sentences using the right form of the given verb.
单个过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing,
somebody, nobody，those 等不定
代词时，也要放在这些词后面。
Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.
过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所 修饰的名词或代词后面。
过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的 区别：过去分词表示被动或完成； 现在分词表示主动或进行。
the changing world（正在变化的） the changed world （变化了的）
boiling water boiled water
（正在沸腾的） （已经沸腾过的）
a developing country (发展中的) a developed country （发达的）
decided that it was made five hundred years
ago.
A.marking
B.marked
C.to be marked D.having been marked
11. She felt rather that she shouldn’t drive the car at such a speed.
A. surprising, would expect
B. surprised, should expect
C. surprising, shouldn’t have been expected
D. surprised, hadn’t expected
5.The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
注: 过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一谈. (1)用作表语的过去分词,主要表示一种状态,
此时相当于一个形容词.
(2)用作被动语态的过去分词,句子的主语是 动作的承受者,后常跟by短语.
Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.
Function: 1.作定语(Attribute)
2.作表语(Predicative)
1.过去分词作定语 (Attribute)
(1) 在句中的位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰 的名词或代词前面；
a broken heart 一颗破碎的心
the risen sun a lost dog
已经升起的太阳 丧家之犬
1. I had nothing to do. I was ___b_o_r_e_d___ (bore) and
lonely. 2. Jack looked even morea_m__a_z_e_d_ (amaze) than he
felt. 3. The results were very _d_is_a_p_p__o_in_t_in_g__ (disappoint).
Grammar
The Past Participle
The Past Participle
Form: 规则动词的过去分词---v-ed
不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则 Meaning: 一般来说,过去分词含有“完成”或“被动”的双重意义.
A.完成意义 A retired teacher 一位退休的教师 B.被动意义 An honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
4. I was thanked by the __s__a_ti_s_f_ie_d____ (satisfy)
customer.
5. The girl __d__re_s__s_e_d__ (dress) in red is my daughter.
6. Last Monday our class went on an _o_r_g_a__n_is_e__d__
people addicted to drugs
a novel written by Lu Xun the advice given to the patient an old man supported by his son a school built for orphans
过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时， 其功能相当于一个定语从句。
B.list
C.listed
7.When we reached the village, we saw new houses_____ up.
A.having been put C.being put
B.putting D.had put
8.From the date ___ on the gold coin, we
(1)He looked worried after reading the letter. when we heard of it, we were deeply moved.
(2)The glass is broken. (表示状态) The glass is broken by Tom last night. (表示动作)
• The house being built over there is a shop. (被动、正在建)
• The house built over there is a shop. （被动、已建好）
•
(3)语法功能
作表语 (Predicative)
The door remained locked. She looked disappointed. He seemed quite delighted at the good news.
The stolen bike belongs to Jack.
The bike which had been stolen belongs to Jack.
The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.
The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.
A. frightening, frightening frightened
B. frightened,
C. frightening, frightened frightening
D. frightened,