Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus
新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit 8 Section A
Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus
2. Do you know John Gray and his book Men Are
from Mars, Women Are from Venus?
Tips
• American relationship counselor, lecturer and author; • One of the best-selling self-help books of all time; • A practical guide to solve problems in relationships based on the different tendencies in each gender.
Questionnaire
3. Do you find it easy to share your feelings with friends of the same gender or the opposite gender?
A. With friends of the same gender. B. With friends of the opposite gender. C. There is not much difference between the two. D. It depends.
2. Do you know John Gray and his book Men Are
from Mars, Women Are from Venus？
Tips
Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus
1. How do you understand the sentence “Men are from Mars, women are from Venus”? Tips • Gender difference; • Respect and appreciate the differences; • Practical communication techniques.
雅礼中学初升高入学英语测试题5
测试题5一、单项选择1.——It’ll take at least 2 hours to do this!——Oh,_________ !I could do it in 30minutes.e onB. pardon meC. you are rightD. don’t mentionit2.I have given up my job, there was no _________in it.A. hopeB. chanceC. futureD. doubt3.You haven’t been to West Lake and are going to on a holiday there this summer,________.A. so am IB. so have IC. the same to meD. it is the same with me4.There are ________words in English that came from other language.A. a great deal ofB. a good many ofC. a great manyD. a large number of5. Visitors were_______ at the _______soaring drive of our shipbuilders.A. amazed; amazedB. amazed; amazingC. amazing; amazingD.amazing ; amazed6.There is nothing more I can try ________you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A. being persuaded(劝说)B. persuadingC. to be persuadedD. to persuade7. As he had heart attack, he was told that he __________continue the work.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. may notD. needn’t8.———Where did you get to know her?———It was on the farm_______ she worked.A. thatB. whereC. thereD. which9.———He promised you come to see you.———But he________ .I have been alone.A. doesn’tB. didn’ tC. won’tD. hasn’t10.An accident happened at _______crossroad a few meters away from __________bank.A. a; aB./;aC./;theD. the;/11.Don’t be discouraged __________ as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.A. TakingB. To takeC. TakeD. Taken12.The boy kept his eyes _________ on the toy car for quite some time.A. fixedB. fixingC. being fixedD. to fix13.The pen I’m________ is a birthday present _________my brother.A. writing by; fromB. writing ;toC. writing with ;fromD. writing by ;to14.She is _______ to know the answer.A. perhapsB. likelyC. probablyD. maybe15.The reason___________ he is poor in his studies is ________ the parents and teachers give him too much pressure.A. why; whatB. how;thatC.which;becauseD.why;that16.Finding no key in his pocket, he remembered _________ the key in the office.A. to be putB. putC. puttingD. to put17.The service industry _______two thirds of the income of this country.A.is made ofB. makes up ofC.makes upD.is made up of18.This kind of wool _________ soft and________ well.A. feels; sellsB.is felt;is soldC.feels;is soldD.is felt;sells19.He was glad to find fire _________ brightly.A.burntB. burningC. to burnD.having burut20.More than one student__________ in carrying out the task ahead of time.A. has succeededB. have succeededC. was succeededD. were succeeded21._________we can’t get seems better than_________ wehave.A.What ;thatB.That;thatC.That;what DWhat;what22.No one enjoys _________at.A. laughingB. to laughC. to be laughedD.being laughed二、完形填空It’s an age-old saying: Men are from Mars; women are from Venus. Males and females __23_ different behaviors almost __24_ birth. Researchers say these behaviors are due to（因为）__25_ differences in brain structure（大脑结构）and activity. Studies show men are better at hitting targets（靶子）and solving math problems __26_women are better at memorizing words and__27_ faces. Why the differences?A test of the brain’s electrical activity shows that women __28_ use both sides of their brain while men rely more on one. Scientists__29_ know that the two sides of the brain control(控制) different functions---one controlling the sense of space, __30_, the other controlling __31_. Some researchers __32_ that the different ways men and women use their brains __33_ from ancient times, when cave men hunted and women __34_ for the children. Men had to have good __35_. Women had to talk to the kids.Whatever the __36_, the battle of the sexes __37_. And although their brains are constructed slightly differently, men and women may be __38_ capable(有能力的). They may simply __39_ different abilities. Take a couple arguing over the location of their car in a parking lot. The man might use his sense of __40_ to find it, while the woman relies on her memory of landmarks（标志物）. __41_ of them find the car. But chances are, they’ll still __42_ about who’s the better driver and who’s better at finding the way home.( ) 23. A .build B. form C. choose D. show ( ) 24. A .for B. in C. from D. on ( ) 25. A. basic(基本的) B. average(平均的) C．great D. exact（精确的（）26. A. so B. as C. yet D. while ( ) 27. A. realizing B. recognizingC. describingD. Painting（）momly B. immediatelyC. finallyD. suddenly( ) 29. A. even B. hardly C. already D. seldom(很少) （）30. A. at least B. as a result C. above all D. for example（）31. A. feelings B. language C. direction D. actions( 32.A.request B. believe C. suggest D. doubt(建议)( )33.A. grew B. .developed.C. invented(发明)D. produced（生产制造）（34.A.supported(支持)B. carried C. cared for D. gave birth to（35.A.aim B. way C. health D. strength(力气) （）36.A.consiferation B. decisionC. imaginationD. explanation( )37..A.changes B. begins C. spreads D. continues （）38.A.equally B. fortunately(幸运的)C. surprisinglyD. frequently(频繁的)（）39.A.show off B. take on C. depend on D. keep up （）40.A.area B. space C. sight D. distance(距离) ( ) 41.A.Both B. Neither C.ALL D. None ( ) 42.A.agree with B. think over C. argue about D. point out三、阅读理解AIt is physically impossible for a well-educated, intellectual, or brave man to make money the chief object of his thoughts; as physically impossible as it is for him to make his dinner theprincipal object of them. All healthy people like their dinner, but their dinner is not the main object of their lives. So all healthy-minded people like making money – ought to like it and to enjoy the sensation of winning it; but the main object of their lives is not money; it is something better than money.A good soldier, for instance, mainly wishes to do his fighting well. He is glad of his pay –very properly so, and justly grumbles when you keep him ten months without it; still, his main notion of life is to win battles, not to be paid for winning them.So of doctors. They like fees no doubt –ought to like them; yet if they are brave and well educated, the entire object of their lives is not fees. They, on the whole, desire to cure the sick, and – if they are good doctors, and the choice were fairly put to them – would rather cure their patient and lose their fee than kill him and get it. And so with all other brave and rightly trained men; their work is first, their fee second, very important always, but still second.But in every nation, there is a vast class of people who are cowardly, and more or less stupid. And with these people, justas certainly the fee is first and the work second, as with brave people the work is first and the fee second.And this is no small distinction. It is the whole distinction. It is the whole distinction in a man. You cannot serve two masters; you must serve one or the other. If your work is first with you and your fee second, work is your master. Observe, then, all wise work is mainly threefold in character. It is honest, useful, and cheerful. I hardly know anything stranger than that you recognize honesty in play, and do not in work. In your lightest games you have always someone to see what you call "fair play". In boxing you must hit fair; in racing, start fair. Your watchword is fair play; your hatred, foul play. Did it ever strike you that you wanted another watchword also, fair work, and hatred also, foul work?（）43.What is the main object for a well-educated，intellectual, or a brave man?A.MoneyB. HealthC. Something better than moneyD. food（）44.What does “very properly so” mean?A.Very poorB. ReasonableB.Impossible D. Very good（）45.If doctors are brave and well-educated, they should think______.A. their fee is firstB. Their patient is secondC. their work is firstD. both fee and work are first （）46.All wise work is mainly threefold in character, they are_____.A.honestB. usefulC. cheerfulD. A,B and C（）47.What do you learn from the passage?A.All healthy-minded people like making money.B.The fee is first and work secondC.Work is something better than moneyD.Being soldiers and doctors. You will earn much money.BWith its tall buildings and crowded streets, Hong Kong is one of the last places you would expect to find a wild animal. But green sea turtles(绿甲海龟),have become regular visitor to beaches found in more peaceful peaceful of the metropolis(大都市).Over the last month, people living in Hong Kong and Hainan Province have been lucky enough to see the giant turtles lay their eggs on the beaches at night.Male turtles spend their entire lives in the sea. But every two to six years, the females swim thousands of miles from their feeding ground to lay eggs in their own birthplace.Unfortunately, few of the baby turtles survive(辛存)with only one in 1000 living into adulthood(成年).If they manage to grow big ,which takes 20 to 30 years, they can live for more than a century.Man is the main reason the turtles are dying out. The creature’s habitats are destroyed by finishing and pollution, while the turtles themselves are killed for food and leather. “Sea turtle eggs and meat saved us during Japan’s occupation(占领)of Hong Kong in World War II.”Said65-year-old resident Chan Kam-wan. But the days of eating turtle eggs have long since passed. Hong Kong banned the eating and sale of them in1976,hoping to help save the endangered(濒危的)creatures.In recent years, the government has closed beaches between June and October so the turtles can lay satellites. Through tracking the turtles, they hope to learn new ways of protecting them.Officials in Hong Kong recently finish a study on sea life in the area. They are considering setting up a sea park to protect the sea turtles from water pollution and illegal fishing.48.The purpose of writing the passage is to _________.A. call on people to protect turtlesB. tell us the living habits of turtlesC. tell us turtles travel a long way to lay eggs on the beachesD. emphasize the importance of studying turtles49.The turtles are dying out mainly because_________.A. the water where they are living is becoming worse and worseB. they can’t go with the changing conditionsC. of human activitiesD. too many of them have been killed50.Chan Kam-wan’s purpose of saying such words isto_________.A. praise turtles for its delicious tastes.B. introduce to people eating turtles has a long historyC. appreciate turtlesD. advise people not to forget that Japan was an enemy of the Chinese.51. The government__________ the protection of turtles.A. pays little attention toB. is worried aboutC. valuesD. did nothing to52.The passage implies that__________.A. scientists have found out why turtles have long lifeB. the percentage of turtles surviving is worryingC. no one ever expects to see turtles in Hong KongD. Hong Kong people are animal-lover.CEverywhere there are plenty of pubs, in which people playdarts(飞镖)，talk and drink, usually while standing up .Every pub has its name, its sign and its regulars, its customers who turn night after night. A few old pubs have real character but many are dull and ugly. It seems that the English think it rather indecent(不像样的) for people to drink alcoholic drinks in any place where they can be seen from outside. So pubs usually not only have no tables outside, but also are so built that it is impossible for people outside to see in, or for those who are inside to see out. There are exceptions to this, but not many. Pubs are meeting places for working men after the evening meal. With pint glasses filled with beer—in Scotland the national drink is whisky—they argue about football, the races, cars. The traditional pub was a place for the men only. But things have changed, and more and more pubs are now places where men and women sit at tables, and they often provide good lunches. Most of them have a public bar, where drinks are slightlycheaper, and a saloon bar, which middle—class people usually prefer because it is more comfortable and less crowed.53.This passage mainly tells us about___________.A. drinking habits of the EnglishB. poor conditions in pubsC. what pubs are like in the UKD. why pubs are special for men54.We can infer(推断) from the text that___________.A. many of the pubs are of no characterB. you can often see people drinking outside the pubsC. you can easily see people inside the pubs from the outsidesD. people inside the pubs can see what’s happening outside55.The underlined word “regulars” in the text refers to__________.A. rules in the pubB. people who often go to the same pubC. people which have real charactersD. dull and ugly pubs56.People go to the pubs mainly because of their___________.A. whiskyB. mealsC. surroundingsD. atmosphereDWalking may be healthy exercise , but going for a stroll in Florida can often be deadly.Four of the five city areas considered（认为）the most dangerous for pedestrians(行人) are in Florida, with the Tampa region leading the list, according to a study released(公布) Thursday by the Surface Transportation Policy Project, a Washington—based environmental group that advocates(提倡) alternatives to driving.Analyzing(分析) federal data from 1997and 1998,the group found Atlanta was the second most dangerous urban area(区域) for walking, followed by three in Florida: Miami, Orlando andJack—sonville. Rounding out the top 10 were Phoenix; West Palm Beach, Fla ; Memphis, Tenn ; Dallas and New Orleans.The authors of the “Mean Streets 2000”report charge that development, including(包括) wide roads without sidewalks or frequent crosswalks, has put more pedestrians at risk.“We’re spending a very small amount of our transportation(交通) money trying to solve this problem. All of the energy and resources goes to making it safer for people inside the car.” said Roy Kienitz, executive director of the project.“As a result , driving is getting safer, but walking is not getting any safer.”57.The most dangerous area for people going for a walk is___________.A. AtlanataB. TampaC. MiamiD. Washington D.C58.How many city areas in Florida are among the top ten dangerous areas for pedestrians?A. FourB. FiveC. ThreeD. Two59.It is said people are at risk mostly when ___________.A. passing crosswalksB. running on side walksC. crossing wide roadsD. walking on paths60.According to Roy Kienitz, the money spent on transportation only makes____________.A. road—repairing saferB. driving saferC. walking saferD. exercising saferIV.翻译61.All that glitters is not gold.__________________________________________62.It is a long time since we enjoy ourselves.__________________________________________63.The sign reads “ Keep off the grass ”_________________________________________64.We are dying to go and study there._________________________________________V.词汇题A部分: 选单词完成下列专有单词Canyon Desert Falls Sea Lake Ocean Mount 65.Grand____________ 66.Amazon_________ 67.__________Superior 68.________Fuji69.Mediterranen___________ 70.Niagara___________ 71.Pacific____________ 72.Sahara___________B部分：选字母代号替换画线部分的单词。
关于择偶与婚姻的书籍
关于择偶与婚姻的书籍关于择偶与婚姻的书籍，通常会探讨人类在选择伴侣、建立和维护婚姻关系过程中的心理、社会和文化因素。
这些书籍可能会包含心理学、社会学、人类学、哲学和宗教等领域的观点和研究，以帮助读者更好地理解婚姻制度和个体在其中的角色。
以下是一些关于择偶与婚姻的书籍推荐：1. "The All-or-Nothing Marriage" by Eli J. Finkel - 这本书探讨了现代婚姻的历史和心理学，以及如何维持满意的婚姻关系。
2. "Attached: The New Science of Adult Attach ment and How It Can Help You Find –and Keep –Love" by Amir Levine and Rachel Heller - 本书基于依恋理论，解释了人们如何选择伴侣，并提供了维持关系的方法。
3. "The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work" by John M. Gottman and Nan Silver - 约翰·戈特曼是著名的婚姻和关系研究专家，这本书基于他的研究，提供了实用的建议，以帮助夫妻建立和维持健康的婚姻关系。
4. "Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus" by John Gray - 这本书虽然有些争议，但它提供了关于性别差异如何影响婚姻关系的有趣视角。
5. "The Five Love Languages: The Secret to Love that Lasts" by Gary Chapman - 加里·查普曼的这本书介绍了五种爱的语言，帮助读者了解自己和伴侣的爱的表达方式，以增进理解和亲密感。
高级中学英语完形填空,语法填空,阅读理解练习(含答案解析)
高中英语完形填空、语法填空、阅读练习Test 1自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）(1) around us, we can see many of Edison’s inventions. The electricity inour rooms is one of his greatest inventions. He developed the telephone which rings inour rooms. Records playing songs and music were also invented by him. In addition tothese inventions, he also made the first (3) pictures.It wasn’a tlways easy for Edison (4) new things. It was very difficult for him tomake the first electric lights. He needed t o make hundreds of tests. At first, it wasn ’t easy f him to find the right materials, but at last he did, and the world became brighter.Though (5) in everything, Edison took interest in electricity most of all. Hewants to know (6) it. He worked very hard to find possible ways to use it.Edison ’ s experiments with electricity(7) the world greatly. Today, with great trains(8) on electricity, we can travel much faster. With our homes and the streets oftown and village (9) by electric lamps, we live a comfortable life. Radio andtelevision run on it.Science uses it every day.Though (10) how to explain electricity now, we have learned to use it in many ways. Records, shining lights and ringing telephones are very common now. Edison ’ s inventions have kept the world warm.Fill in the blanks with the best answers:1. A. If looking B. If looked C. Whether looking D. Whether looked2. A. to shine B. shine C. shining D. shone3. A. to move B. move C. moving D. moved4. A. to find B. find C. finding D. found5. A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. interests6. A. how to use B. how using C. what to use D. what using7. A. has changed B. have changedC. having changedD. have been changed8. A. to run B. ran C. run D. running9. A. to light B. light C. lit D. lighting10. A. not known B. not knowing C. known as D. knowing not语法填空（满分10 分）When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets 1 the traffic drives on the left. Before 2 ( cross) a street you must look to the right first and then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to 3come from work, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most 4 （danger）then.When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, 5 . Always remember the trafficmoves on the left. So you must be careful. 6 ( Have) a look first, or youwill go 7 wrong way.In many English cities, there are big buses 8 two floors. Your can sit on the 9 （two）floor, from 10 you can see the city very well. It ’ s very interesting.Test 2自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）In Mr. Allen ’ s school class, all the students have to “ get married ” . However, t1_ sometimes become so noisy that the loud laughter drowns out the 2_ of the“ minister ” . Even the two students getting married often begin to laugh.The teacher, Mr. Allen, believes that marriage is a difficult and serious business. Hewants young people to understand that there are many changes that must take placeafter marriage. He believes that the 3_ for these psychological and financial changesshould be understood before people marry.Mr. Allen doesn ’ t only introduce his students to main problems faced in marriage such as illness or being out of work. He also _4 _ them to the difficult and particular problemsthey will face every day. He wants to introduce young people to all the worries that canbring the 5 point to a marriage. He even makes hisstudents know the problems of _ 6 and the fact that divorced men must pay childsupport money for their children and sometimes pay their wives every month.It has been unsettling for some of the students to see the problems that a 7couple often faces. 8 theytook the course, they were not much worried about the problems ofmarriage. However, both students and parents feel that Mr. Allen 9’a s n d co h u a rv se is favored the course publicly. T heir statements and letters supporting the class have askedthe school to 10 the course again.1. A.B . competitions C. celebrations D. ceremoniesconferences2. A. whisper B. sound C. scream D. voice3.A. possibility B. responsibility C. need D. supply4.A. exposes B. explains C. extends D. exhausts5.A. uniting B. burning C. breaking D. freezing6.A. wedding B. division C. participation D. divorce7.A. divorced B. complained C. fascinated D. married8.A. If B. After C. Until D. Because9.A. disagreeable B . flexible C. valuable D.unbelievable10.A. afford 语法填空（满分B. offer10 分）C. establishD. affectFinishing their shopping at the supermarket, a middle-aged couple found their new car1 （ steal） . They filed a report at the police station and a detective drove2 back to the parking lot to look for evidence.To their 3 （ amaze）, the car had been returned 4 there was a notein it that said: “ I apologize 5 taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to send her to the hospital as soon as possible. Please forget the 6(convenient).There are twotickets for tonight's Rowan Atkinson concert. ”Their faith in humanity restored（恢复） . The couple attended 7 concert.8 when they returned home, they immediately found that their house 9 (rob).note: “ I have to put my kid through college somehow,On the bathroom mirror was 10don't I? ”Test 3自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）It ’a s n age-old saying: Men are from Mars; women are from Venus. Males and females 1 different behaviors almost from birth. Researchers say these behaviors aredue to 2 differences in brain structure and activity. Studies show men are better at hittingtargetsand solving math problems 3 women are better at memorizing words and 4 faces. Why the differences?A test of the brain ’ s electrical activity shows that women comu m s o e nb ly oth sides oftheir brain while men rely more on one. Scientists already know that the two sides of thebrain control different functions — one controlling t he sense of space, 5 , theother controlling language. Some researchers believe that the different w aysmen and women use their brains 6 fromancient times, when cave men hunted and women 7 the children. Men had to havegood aim. Women had to talk to the kids.Whatever the 8 is, the battle of the sexes continues. And although their brains are constructed slightly differently, men and women may be equally capable. They may simply 9 different abilities. Take a couplearguing over the location of their car in a parking lot.The man might u se his sense of 10 to find it, while the woman relies on her memory of landmarks. Both of them find the car. But chances are, they ’ ll st w ill h a o r’* *gu s eta h b eo b u e ttter driver and who ’ s better at finding the w o a m ye h.1. A. build2. A. basic B. formB. averageC. chooseC. greatD. showD. exact3. A. so B. as C. yet D. while4. A. realizing B. recognizing C. describing D. painting5. A. at least B. as a result C. above all D. for example6. A. grew B. developed C. invented D. produced7. A. supported B. carried C. cared for D. gave birth to8. A.considerationB. decisionC. imaginationD. explanation9. A. show off B. take on C. depend on D. keep up10. A. area语法填空（满分B. space10 分）C. sightD. distance* *People 1 （ live ） in different countries made different kinds of words. Todaythere are about fifteen hundred languages in the world. 2 contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four 3 five hundred thousandwords. But we do not need 4 these. To read short stories you need to know onlyabout two thousand words. 5 you leave school, you will learn only one thousand ormore.The words you know 6 (call) your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary bigger. Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books 7（ write ） in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet 8 new word, look it（ much） useful book.9 in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your 10Test 4自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）I was 15 when I walked into McCauley ’ s Bookstore in Ashland. As I was looking at titles on the shelves, the man behind the counter, 1 , asked if I'd like a job. I needed to start saving forcollege, so I said yes. I 2 after school and during summers for the lowest wages,and the job helped 3 my freshman(or first) year of college. I would do manyother jobs: I madecoffee i n the Students ’ Union during college, I was a hotel waitressmade maps fora n4d the U.S. Forest Service. But selling books was one of the mostsatisfying.One day a woman asked me for books on cancer. She seemed fearful. I showed her almost5 we had at that time in store and found other books we could order. She leftthe store less worried. I ’ ve always remember6ed th I e fe_lt in having helped her.Years later, as a _7 in Los Angeles, I heard about an immigrant child who was born withhis fingers connected, web-like. His family could not afford a corrective operation, andthe boy lived in shame, hiding his hand in his pocket.I 8 my boss to let me do the story. After my story was broadcast, a doctor and* *a nurse called, offering to perform the operation for free.I visited the boy in the recovery room soon after the operation. The first thing hedid was to hold up his repaired hand and say, "Thank you." I felt a sense of pleasure.In the past, while I was at McCauley ’ s Bookstore, I alw w aa y s s w e o n rs k e i n d gIfor the customers, not the store. Today it 9 . ’NB s C th N eews pays my salary, but I feel as if I workfo r ( the)1.10 , helping them make sense of the world.A ．the readerB ．the college studentC． the shop owner D ．the customer( )2. A ．read B ．studied C．cooked D．worked ( )3. A ．pay for B ．fit for C．run for D ．enter for ( )4. A ．so B ．yet C． even D．still( )5. A ．anything B．something C．nothingD ．everything( )6. A ．pride B．failure C．sadness D．surprise ( )7. A ．doctor B． store owner C． bookseller D． TV reporter* *( )8. A ．advised B． forced C． persuadedD． allowed( )9. A ．difference B． same C． usual D． request( )10. A ．students B． viewers C． customers D．passengers语法填空（满分10 分）Keeping CustomsEvery culture has its own customs, which are valuable. However, deciding how todeal with the problem of 1 (familiar) customs is a challenge for many immigrants.Somechoose to follow the customs of their new country, 2 others prefer to adhere( 坚持 ) to their own customs. Each of these choices has some advantages as 3 (explain) below.4 people choose to follow the customs of their adopted country, theymay find that it helps them to adapt more quickly to the new society. They havesomething to discuss and share 5 theirnew neighbors, and sharing customs is one way for people to feel closer to one another. Thus, following the new customs may help immigrants feel 6 at home.But then, 7 choose to continue following their own customs may also findthat it helps them feel more at home. 8 (follow) their traditional customs may help people feel more secure in the new 9 (surround). More importantly, our customs are an expression of the culture. Sharing our old customs can also bring us closer to our new neighbors.To sumup, our customs are an important part of our culture.Therefore,we shouldn ’t abandon 10 traditional customs when wemove to another country.完型填空（满分10 分）Test 5 自评分数：* *Donald was not very good at math. He couldn ’ t understand the teacher ’ s explanat when the teacher 1 something a second time, Donald still could not 2 it.“ Never mind, ”Donald told himself, “ I ’q m uite good at 3 subjects. I ’ l c l heat in themath exam, and then I won ’ t b4e in . ”“ I ’ ll sit next to the boy who is best at 5 ,”he thought, “ and copy down his answers. ”The day of the exam came, and Donald sat next to Brian Smith, who was always at the 6of the class in math. Donald carefully copied Brian ’ s answers onto his own exam paper. At end of the exam, the teacher collected the papers and 7 them.Then she said, “ Well, boys and girls, I ’ ve decided to give a prize to the stu th dentwho got highest grade. But it is difficult for me to decide who should get the prize, because two students,Donald and Brian, got the same grade. ”“ Let them 8 it, ” one of the other students said.“ I ’ ve thought about that, ” the teacher said, “ but I ’ ve decided to give the prizeto“ That ’ s unfair. I have got Donald was 9 when he heard this. He stood up andsaid,same grade as Brian. ”“ That ’ s true, ”the teacher said, “ However, Brian ’ s answer to Question 18 was Yours was ‘10 do I. ’”1. A. discussed B. introduced C. explained D. repeated2. A. master B. understand C. know D. describe3. A. other B. any C. some D. another4. A. silence B. private C. return D. trouble5. A. English B. physics C. math D. biology6. A. bottom B. top C. center D. head7. A. graded B. surveyed C. divided D.separated8. A. catch B. take C. share D. enjoy9. A. happy B. lucky ` C. surprised D. angry10. A. Either B. Neither C. Seldom D. Hardly语法填空（满分10 分）Do you have a dream, something you always see 1 (you) doing? Perhaps yousee yourself as a lawyer, businessman, or even a scientist. 2 it is, don ’3 dream is a wonderful thing. It can give you hope for your future and encourageyou 4 (try) when all odds are against you ．（形势对你不利）However, there are dream 5 (kill) that want to kill your dream ．They maytell you that it is 6 (possibility)for you, that you arenot smart enough or 7 it ’ s never been done before. However, many times thebiggest dream killer is you.Don’ t let fear, doubt or lack of finances prevent you 8 fulfilling your dream. Talkback to these killers, “ I can（a f n in d is fh u lf）ill my dream. ” You may ha tv o e do this every day.The 9 (many) you instill （逐渐灌输）within your heart that you can do it, themore safely your dream will 10 (hold) within you.Test 6自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling 1 ,but I always knew he was 2 . He never criticized us, but used 3 to bring out ourbest.He’ d say, “ If you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If you don ’ t give them waterremember as a child I said something 4 about somebody, and my father said, “ Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it ’ s a reflection of you. ” He explainlooked for the best in people, I would get the best in return. From then on I s triedto’ vea5 the principle in my life and later in running my company.Dad’ s also always been very 6 . At 15, I started a magazine. It was taking up agreat deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 7 : stay in schoolor leave to work on my magazine. I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from mydecision, as anygood father would. When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “ Richard, when I my dad persuaded me to go into law. And I 8_ re’gre v e t ted it. I wanted to be a biologist, but Ididn ’ t pursue my dream. You know what you want. Go fulfill (实现 ) it. ”As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national 9 foro think we a’red br l i ik n e git ng young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children,and I them up in the same way Dad _ 10 me.1. A. biologist B. manager C. lawyer D. gardener2. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned3. A. praise B. courage C. power D. warmth4. A. unnecessary B. unkind C.D. unusualunimportant5. A. revise B. set C. review D. follow6. A. understanding B. experienced C. serious D.demanding7. A. suggestion B. decision C. notice D. choice8. A. always B. never C. seldom D. almost9. A. newspaper B. magazine C. program D. project10. A. controlled B. comfortedC. reminded D . raised语法填空（满分10 分）Most Americans don ’ t like to get advice 1 members of their family. They get advice from “ 2 （ strange）” . When they need advice, theydon ’ t usually go to people they know. 3 many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines 4give advice on many different subjects, 5 （ include ） family problems, the use of（ buy） a house or language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, and even on how 6a car.Most newspapers regularly print letters from 7 （read）withproblems.Along with the letters 8 are answers written by people who are supposed toknow how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, 9are lawyers or educators. But two of the mostfamous writers of advice are women without special10 （ train） for this kind ofwork.* *Test 7自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）Many people think teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is 1_for children to work at home in their free time. _ 2 _ they argue that most teachers do not 3 _ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. The results are that pupils have to repeat tasks whichthey have _ 4 done at school.Recently in Greece many parents complained about the _5 h omework which teachers gave to their children. The parents said that most of the homework was 6_, and they wanted to stop it. Spain and Turkey are two countries which stopped homework recently. In Denmark, Germany and several other countries in Europe, teachers cannot set homework at weekends. In Holland, teachers allow pupils to stay at school to do their homework. The children are free tohelp one another. _7_ arrangement also exists in some British schools.* *Most people agree that homework is not _8 _ . Apupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 9_ room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small,noisy room with the television on.Some parents are ready to help their children with theirhomework. But other parents even take no interest at all in their children 10 . ’ s1 A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant2 A.NeverthelessB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Moreover3 A.considerablyB. favorablyC. properlyD. pleasantly4 A. just B. already C. yet D. still5 A. simple B. advanced C. easy D. difficult6 A. impossible B. invaluable C. careless D. useless7 A. Familiar B. Appropriate C. Similar D. Abnormal8 A. fair B. average C. balanced D.comparative9 A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable10 A. homework 语法填空（满分B. position10 分）C. countryD. timeWithout proper planning, tourism can cause problems. 1 example,too many tourists can crowd public places 2 are also enjoyedby the inhabitants of a country.If tourism creates too much traffic, the inhabitants will become 3 （annoy）and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists 4 to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country ’ec sonomy. 5 is important to think about the people of a destination country and 6 tourism affects them. Tourism should help 7 country keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should alsoadvance the wealth and 8 （ happy） of local inhabitants.Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism 9 （ grow ） too quickly, people* *must leave other jobs to work 10the country ’ s economy can suffer.自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）the tourism industry. This means that other parts of Test 8Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors ( 流星 ) but also because of1from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth.Lightgets through, and this is 2 for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our3 tolerable and some ultraviolet rays penetrate theatmosphere. Cosmic ( 宇宙的 ) rays of various kinds come through the air from outerspace, but a great 4 of radiation from the sunare screened off. 5 men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation; buttheir spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, 6prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest knowndanger to explorers in 7. Doses of radiation aremeasured in units called 雷“目re)m”s .(We all 8 radiation here on earth from the sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The “ 9 ” dose of radiation that we receive ea* *year is about two milligrams; it 10 according to where you live, and this isa very rough estimate.1. A. water B. rays C. atmosphere D. food2. A. hard B. crazy C. difficult D. essential3. A. plants B.animals C. people D. environments4. A. quarrel B .quarter C. quality D. quantity5. A. As soon as B. As well as C. As much as D. As possibleas6. A. get B. make C. have D. do7. A. earth B. atmosphere C. space D. environment8. A. receive B. accept C. bring D. catch9. A. conventional B. common C. general D. normal10. A. shifts B. converts C. modifies D. varies语法填空（满分10 分）London was awarded 1 2012 Olympic Games on Wednesday, 2（ defeat） European rival Paris in the final round of voting to take the games back toBritish capital 3 the first time since 1948.4 Moscow, New York and Madrid were eliminated （淘汰）in the firstthree rounds London beat Paris 54 —50 on the fourth ballot of the IOC.In London crowds cheered and waved flags as 5 watched the announcement from Singapore 6 a giant screen in Trafalgar Square and in the east London area7 the main Olympic complex （建筑群）will be based.Blair spent two days in lobbying （游说）in Singapore 8 leaving to host the G8（ good）partners, ”summit in Scotland. “ My promise to w yo eu w is i ll be your very 9Blair said.It ’ s the fourth bid from Britain after 10 （fail ） attempts by Birmingham forthe 1992 Olympics and Manchester for the 1996 and 2000.阅读（满分10 分）In the last 500 years, nothing about people----not their clothes, ideas, or languages has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from theseeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest* *of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly becamefashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became importantmeeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it thatthousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the“ PotatoFamine ”of 1845~1846, and thousands more were forced to leave theirhomeland and move to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world ’ s largest grower o and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native* *to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldinoticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “ wid-eawake ” feeling that on-ethird of the world ’ s population nowstarts the day with.1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?A. Food.B. Clothing.C. Ideology.D. Language.2. “ Some” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to .A. some cocoa treesB. some chocolate drinksC. some shopsD. some South American Indians3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the “ Potato Famine ”because .A. they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything elseB. they were forced to leave their homeland and move to AmericaC. the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoesD. the potato harvest was bad4. Which country is the largest coffee producer?A. Brazil.B. Colombia.C. Ethiopia.D. Egypt.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?A. One third of the world popula’tio s n drinks coffee.B. Coffee is native to Colombia.C. Coffee can keep one awake.D. Coffee drinks were first made byArabs.Test 9自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）Nobody wants to appear fat. Many girls who care too much about their self-imagechoose to eat less food to 1 themselves from gaining weight. Some eventake medicine to achieve their goals. Those unhealthy ways may lead to being 2 to a* *certain drug and the addiction is usually very 3 . There is littledifference to committing suicide. I used to eat 4 a lot, which is saidto be high in protein but low in calories. But the moment bird flu 5 out, I stopped eating this kind of meat. To me, health always comes first, becauseno matter how wealthy you are, your 6 will deprive （剥夺）you of the right to 7 your life, so why shouldwe put ourselves in danger and suffer? However, you ’ d better keep it in mind that whether yougo on a calorie-restricted （限制热量的） diet or not, exercising and 8 eating are excellent ways to keep your body in good 9 . Their emphasis is that the healthy way to lose weight is 10to make changes to your lifestyle.1. A. protect B. make C. promise D. keep2. A. used B. addicted C. exposed D. devoted3. A. painful B. useful C. cheerful D. sorrowful4. A. fruit B. vegetable C. chicken D. pork5. A. let B. set C. gave D. broke6. A. medicine B. weight C. diet D. disease* *7. A. enjoy B. make C. change D. take8. A. wonderful B. healthy C. good D. normal9. A. size B. shape C. situation D. style10. A. usually B. generally C. quickly D.gradually语法填空（满分10 分）Why is setting goals of great 1 (important)? Because goals can help you do, be,2 experience everything you want in life. Instead3 just letting life happen to you, goals allow4 to make your life happen.5 （success） and happy people have set lots of goals to help them reach their aims.like 6 (h’av s e) a map to showBy setting goals you are taking control of yourlife. It you 7 you want to go.Winners in life set goals and follow through with them. Winners decide 8 theywant in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals. Unsuccessfulpeople just letlife happen by accident. Goals aren ’ t difficult to set, and 9 aren ’ t difficis up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are 10 one who mustdecide what to do and in what direction to aim your life.阅读（满分10 分）One hundred and thirteen millionAmericans have at least one bank-issued credit card.They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, acrossthe country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well.More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations,whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the“ cashless society ” is not on thn e--h-o- r ii t z io s already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have manyadvantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring* *up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods byshowing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to recorderor return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the mostefficient, allowing personnel （职员）and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customer for promotionalcampaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities （功用） to milkprocessors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.1. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to .A. withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes。
翻译之剪枝法
英译中之剪枝法在英语学习或者考试中,阅读能力可谓重中之重.不仅如此,如果步入了职场,即使用英语与他人交流的机会不是很多,但是阅读英文文件的情况还是经常会遇到。
大部分人阅读翻译还只是停留在拼凑单词意思来理解句子意思的阶段，只能将英语单词解释个大概，并不能准确地理解句子的含义。
其实这样花费的时间并不少。
为了快速而且正确地理解句子，我们来学一学“剪枝法”阅读。
“剪枝法”的效用：阅读理解能力是快速阅读长句并掌握其核心内容的一种能力，也是联系核心内容，快速掌握句子意思的能力。
活用“剪枝解读法”，即使再长的句子也不用害怕，因为“剪枝解读法”就像“电眼”一样能帮你抓住核心内容！举个例子来看一下吧。
e.g. I have no boyfriend (to meet) and no money (to spend)( over the Christmas holiday.)我没有男朋友也没有钱。
感觉如何？由于句子较长，成分较多，所以用传统的岳父方法很难掌握其核心内容，但是使用“剪枝法”后（减掉的枝叶一般都是句子的非必要成分，如定语，状语，补语，而这些成分中难以理解的一般都是由一些短语充当，如非谓语动词短语/介宾短语等。
），句子的核心内容一眼就能看出来了！（句子的核心内容一般就是指的句子的主干，即必不可少的成分-主谓（宾）/主系表）。
像上面的句子，我们把(to meet非谓语动词短语)，(to spend非谓语动词短语)，(over the Christmas holiday介宾短语)这几个枝叶减掉。
剩下的就只剩下了句子的主干I have no boyfriend and no money.(主，谓，宾)。
显然要好翻译得多，也能基本上理解了句子的大概意思。
当然，剩下的枝叶是不是不要了呢？非也。
剪枝的基本目的是快速掌握句子的核心内容，但最终目的的帮助我们更好理解句子。
所以第一遍阅读时可以只阅读核心部分，第二遍时则应联通细枝末节一起掌握。
英语谚语中的性别歧视
英语谚语中的性别歧视性别歧视是一种广泛存在的问题，不仅在招聘过程中存在，也在职位晋升中存在。
这种歧视不仅不公平，而且会对个人的职业发展和整个组织产生负面影响。
本文将探讨职位晋升中的性别歧视问题，并提出解决方案。
在许多组织中，由于性别歧视的存在，女性往往比男性更难获得晋升机会。
即使女性员工在工作中表现出色，也往往会被忽略或被歧视。
这种歧视现象不仅存在于私营企业，也存在于公共机构。
性别刻板印象：许多组织都存在性别刻板印象，认为男性比女性更适合担任领导职务。
这种观念会影响组织对女性的看法，并阻碍女性获得晋升机会。
偏见和歧视：由于性别刻板印象的存在，许多组织对女性存在偏见和歧视。
即使女性表现出色，也往往会被忽略或被歧视。
缺乏机会：由于历史和文化原因，女性往往比男性更难获得晋升机会。
这种机会不平等导致女性在职场上受到歧视。
培训和教育：组织应该开展培训和教育活动，帮助员工认识到性别歧视的危害和不平等现象的根源。
组织还应该鼓励员工参与反性别歧视的行动。
反歧视政策：组织应该制定反性别歧视政策，明确规定不得因性别原因而拒绝晋升机会。
组织还应该建立监督机制，确保政策得到有效执行。
多样性和包容性：组织应该注重多样性和包容性，积极推动女性员工参与领导职务。
组织还应该鼓励男性员工支持女性员工的职业发展。
提供机会：组织应该为女性员工提供更多的机会，例如实习、培训和项目等。
这些机会可以帮助女性员工提高技能和知识水平，并为她们未来的晋升做好准备。
职位晋升中的性别歧视是一种不公平的现象，会对个人和整个组织产生负面影响。
为了解决这个问题，组织应该采取措施，如培训和教育、反歧视政策、多样性和包容性以及提供机会等。
这些措施不仅可以提高女性的职业发展机会，还可以帮助组织更好地利用其人才资源并提高整体绩效。
在日语中，性别歧视语是一种常见的语言现象。
这些词语和表达方式在表面上可能不具有明显的歧视含义，但在实际使用中却会带来性别歧视的负面影响。
2012年听力原文
2012 年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文Part 1 listening comprehension(30%)Section A1. M: Well, just keep your arm straight there. Fine, there will be a little prick like a mosquito bite. OK? There we go. Ok, I will send that sample off and we'll check it. If the sampleis ok, we won't need to go on seeing you anymore.W: So you think I'm getting better?M: Absolutely.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?2. W: It's Mr. Cong, isn't it?M: That's right. I saw you six months ago with a broken finger.W: Yes, of course. And is that all healing well?M: It's fine.W: What can we do for you today?M: Well, I've been having these headaches in the front, about my eyes. It started two months ago. They seem to come on quite suddenly, and I get dizzy spell as well.Q: What is the trouble in the man now?3. M: When you need a health checkup, just call me. It's totally free.W: It's great having a doctor around.Q: What does the woman mean?4. W: We need anti-oxidants to prevent ourselves from developing cancer, but I don't like taking pills to get it.M: But you need to eat a mountain of food everyday to get all of the anti-oxidants you need.W: I drink a lot of green tea; I eat onion, garlic and citrous food. I also get nine different colors of vegetables everyday.M: All those do have anti-oxidants, but I want to be on the safe side.Q: what does the man mean?5. W: The blouse cost me like 8000 yuan.M: That's such a ripoff.W: I really like it, the color, the design...M: Fashion really kills women.Q: what does the man mean?6. W: I'm finding it difficult to get the train to get home for the Spring Festival. Last year, I stood for 24 hours from Beijing to Chengdu. So, I need a seat this year. Any ideas?M: You can try going online. I know there are a few sites that offer tickets.W: That's worth the try. Thanks.Q: What is the woman going to do next?7. M: This money from the Gates Foundation will help us with our plans.W: How could it not?Q: what does the woman mean?8. A: How long does the pain last?B: Just a short while. A: A minute, 5 minutes, half an hour?B: Oh, not half an hour?A: How long does it last?B: About a quarter of an hour.Q: how long does the man say the pain last?9. A: Don't eat ice cream so fast?B: Too late. I've already have a brain freeze.Q: what does the woman mean?10. A: Honey I'm leaving tonight and get to the United States at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning.B: Woo, woo, I can't wait to see you?Q: what does the woman mean?11. A: have you got a cold?B: Nope, I'm hoarse because I have got enough sleep lately and have been singing a lotKTV.Q: what is the man’s problem?12. A: Men are from Mars, and women are from Venus. It's really hard for me to understand Emily.B: Susan is the best friend of Emily, why don't you pick her brain.Q: what does the woman advise the man to do?13. A: Dad, I've decide to sign up for American Idol in order to be a famous singer.B: Oh, honey, don't you know that it's really hard to stand out from the crowd.A: But where there is a road there is a way.Q: what is true about the woman14. A: Here is my X-rays.B: I'll just have a look. Everything is OK except what you can see here. There is ahemi-fracture. It's not very serious, but you should take a month off work and rest in bedas much as possible. I'll give some herbal medicine to help you heal quickly.A: Do I need to be put in plaster?B: No, it isn't necessary.Q: which of the following is not among the doctor’s suggestion?15. A: My skin has suddenly gone rough and red, and spots keep breaking out. Is thereanything I can do?B: Have you used anything different on your face, or have you been on any medication?A: I usually use Chinese face cream, but on my birthday I've got some very expensive American face cream. It smells very nice. I wonder if that could be the problem.B: do you have the face cream with you?A: Yes, here it is.B: It smells very strong. Maybe you are allergic to the perfume in it. I suggest you stopusing it immediately.Q: what might be the cause for the woman’s skin problem?Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one dialogue and two passages. After each one, youwill hear five questions. After each question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Questions 16-20 are based on the following dialogue.P: Here is my result, doctor.D: Have a seat, and let's have a look. Well, your ECG is perfectly normal, and there is no problem with your X-ray, either. But your white blood cell count is rather high, which is whatI expected, and it shows your body is fighting the virus.P: Is there anything here I can do so that I can feel better, doctor? I am really busy at work this week. And I have a lot of stuff to do, but I don't feel opt to it. Also my daughter is studyingbad and...D: Don't worry. It's just against the feel. But I will give you some medicine for it to make youfeel better. Three times a day take the white tablets as directed on the label after meals. Andfor the (...) tablets, take one or two depending on how suitable your bowels are.P: Is there anything else I can do, Doctor Hunt?D: I know you are busy, but you really shouldn't go to work. However, that's up to you. Rest as much as possible, drink plenty of liquid, and eat plenty of vegetables and fruits. Remember,an apple a day keeps the doctor away. If there is no improvement after three days, come backand see me again.P: Thank you, doctor.Questions:16. According to the women's test results, which of the following item is abnormal?17. Which of the following is not the reason for the woman's anxiety?18. What is the doctor's diagnosis of the woman?19. How does the doctor say the medications are administered for the woman?20. Which of the following is not one of the suggestions by the doctor?Passage OneQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage.Our culture is obsessed with sleep, and the lack of it, yet many of us don't know some basic facts. As many as 35 million Americans experience chronic insomnia, and yet in 2006 only $20 million was spent on research. In the six years that author, professor and lifelong insomniac Gayle Green spent researching and writing her book "Insomniac". She learned almost all there is to know about sleep and the lack thereof. Here are five common myths about how we get our shut-eye and why:1. Humans Need Eight Hours Sleep a NightThere are many ways of sleeping and few cultures sleep in eight-hour consolidated blockslike we do. Until the industrial era, many Western Europeans divided the night into "the first sleep" and the "second sleep." They'd go to bed soon after dark, sleep for four hours then wake for an hour or two during which they'd write, pray, smoke, have sex or even visit neighbors. In fact, there's some evidence to suggest that this sleep pattern may be the one most in tune with our inherent circadian rhythms.2. Sleep Isn't Just a Bodily FunctionSleep is a biological, physiological system, akin to the cardiovascular system, the nervous system and so on. Like any other system, it is highly variable, and it wears out and gets more fragile with age. 3. Animals Don't Have Sleep ProblemsInsomnia occurs in animals and insects, too, sort of. Technically, insomnia is defined as a "complaint," and since animals can't complain, it's difficult to measure in them.4. Falling Asleep Is a Gradual Process NopeInstead, for most people, it switches on and off like a light switch. But for insomniacs andnarcoleptics, the switch doesn't work quite well. Instead they inhabit the space in betweennever entirely awake, nor entirely asleep.5. Sleeping Less Bums More CaloriesIn the short term, yes, but sleeping less probably won't help you lose weight. Lack of sleep suppresses our natural appetite-depressants, while fueling appetite-increasers, omen leading to weight gain.21. According to the talk, approximately how many Americans suffer chronic insomnia?22. Which of the following can best describe Gayle Green?23. Which of the following sleeping patterns might be the most in tune with our inherent biological system?24. According to the talk, why is it difficult to measure insomnia in animals?25. According to the talk, which of the following is true?Passage TwoQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage.Eight-year-old children have a radically different learning strategy from twelve-year-oldsand adults. Eight-year-olds learn primarily from positive feedback, whereas negative feedback scarcely causes any alarm bells to ring. Twelve-year-olds are better able to process negative feedback, and use it to learn from their mistakes. Adults do the same, but more efficiently. Dr Eveline Crone and her colleagues from the Leiden Brain and Cognition Lab used fMRI research to compare the brains of three different age groups: children of eight to nine years, children of eleven to twelve years, and adults aged between 18 and 25 years. This three-way division had never been made before; the comparison is generally made between children and adults. Crone herself was surprised at the outcome: "We had expected that the brains of eight-year-olds would function in exactly the same way as the brains of twelve-year-olds, but maybe not quite so well. Children learn the whole time, so this new knowledge can have major consequences for people wanting to teach children: how can you best relay instructions to eight- and twelve-year-olds?" The researchers gave children of both age groups and adults aged 18 to 25 a computer task while they lay in the MRI scanner. The task required them to discover rules. If they did this correctly, a tick appeared on the screen, otherwise a cross appeared. MRI scans showed which parts of the brain were activated. These surprising results set Crone thinking. "You start to think less in terms of'good' and 'not so good'. Children of eight may well be able to learn extremely differently, only they do it in a different way."26. According to the talk, which of the following groups can best learn from their mistakes?27. What is new about Dr. Crone's research?28. What had Dr. Crone and her colleagues expected?29. Which of the following feedback can best stimulate the eight year-olds to learn?30. According to the talk, which group of people would learn and benefit most?。
英语心灵鸡汤小故事
英语心灵鸡汤小故事英语心灵鸡汤小故事一Don't go for looks；they can deceive.Don't go for wealth；even that fades away.Go for someone who makes you smile because ittakes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright.别倾心于容貌，因为它具有欺骗性，也别倾心于财富，它也会消散，倾心于那个能带给你笑容的人吧，因为一个笑容能使漫漫长夜如白昼般明亮。
英语心灵鸡汤小故事二Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away they were meant to be there, to serve some sort of purpose,teach you a lesson,or to help you figure out who you are or who you want to become.You never know who these people maybe (possibly your roommate, neighbor, coworker, long lost friend, lover, or even a complete stranger),but when you lock eyes with them,you know at that very moment they will affect your life in some profound way.有时候，一些人进入你的生命，你马上知道他们是注定要出现的，他们的到来是为了达成某种目的，给你提供教益，帮助你认清自己以及自己想要成为怎样的人，你不会知道这些人是谁（很可能会是你的室友、邻居、同事、失散多年的朋友、爱人，甚至是素未谋面的陌生人），可是当你的目光锁定他们的那一刻，你就知道他们会给你的生命带来深远的影响。
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程02
Unit 2Men V.S. (against) Women男女有别PreviewYou were once involved in an intimate relationship with the opposite sex; if not, just think about your parents or other couples you are familiar with. Smart as you are, you may have noticed that no relationship can avoid frustration or conflict, no matter how hard the two involved try to understand and compromise. Given their diverse patterns of feeling, communicating, and responding, there is reason to believe that men and women belong to different species (though they are both human beings), and then everything can be explained.Text(Let)Men Go to Their Caves and Women (go to their) Talk1男女顺其自然John Gray[1] One of the biggest differences between men and women is how they cope with (deal with) stress. Men become increasingly focused and withdrawn while women become increasingly overwhelmed (defeated) and emotionally involved. At these times (At these moments), a man's needs for feeling good (良好的感觉) are different from a woman's (needs). He feels better by solving problems while she feels better by talking about problems. Not understanding and accepting these differences creates (leads to) unnecessary friction (conflict) in our relationships (marriages). Let's look at a common (常见的) example.[2] When Tom comes home, he wants to relax and unwind (=relaxed) by quietly reading the news. He is stressed (bothered) by the unsolved problems of his day and finds relief (解脱->relieve) through forgetting them.[3] His wife, Mary, also wants to relax from her stressful day. She, however, wants to find (relieve->) relief by talking about the problems of her day. The tension slowly building (strenthening累积) between them gradually becomes resentment (hatred).[4] Solving this problem for Tom and Mary depends not on how much they loved each other but on how much they understood the opposite sex. Without knowing that women really do need to talk about problems to feel better, Tom would continue to think Mary talked too much and resist listening to her. Without knowing that Tom was reading the news to feel better, Mary would feel ignored and neglected. She would persist in trying to get (make) him to talk when he didn't want to.Coping with stress on Mars2 and Venus3[5] When a Martian (火星人) gets (becomes) upset he never talks about what is bothering him. He would never burden (vt. bother) another Martian with his problem unless his friend's assistance (help) was necessary to solve the problem. Instead (On the contray) he becomes very quiet and goes to his private cave4(corner) to think about his problem, mulling it over to find a (to solve a problem<->to answer a question) solution. When he has found a solution, he feels much better and comes out of his cave.[6] If he can't find a solution to forget his problems, like (such as) reading the news or playing a game. By disengaging (release) his mind (brain) from the problems of his day, gradually he can relax. If his stress is really great it takes (needs) getting involved with something even more challenging, like (such as) racing (drving) his car, (compete->) competing in acontest, or climbing a mountain.[7] When a Venusian (woman) becomes upset (nervous) or is stressed by her day, to find relief, she seeks out (find) someone she trusts and then talks in great detail about the problems of her day. When Venusians (women) share feelings of being overwhelmed, they suddenly feel better. This is the Venusian (woman) way.Finding relief in the cave.[8] When a man is stressed he will withdraw into the cave of his mind (心灵的空间/时间：独处的时刻) and focus on solving a problem. He generally (usually) picks (choose) the most urgent problem or the most difficult. He becomes so focused (absorbed) on solving this one problem that he temporarily loses awareness of everything else. Other problems and responsibilities fade into the background (退到幕后).[9] At such times (at such moments), he becomes increasingly distant, forgetful, unresponsive, and preoccupied in his relationships. His full awareness (conscience) is not present because he is mulling (thinking) over his problem, hoping to find a solution. The more stressed he is, the more gripped (occupied聚精会神) by the problem he will be. At such times he is incapable of giving a woman the attention and feeling that she normally (usually) receives and certainly deserves. If, however, he can find a solution, instantly (immediately/ at once) he will feel much better and come out of his cave; suddenly he is available (free) for being in a relationship again.[10] However, if he cannot find a solution to his problem, then he remains (stick: n./vi.) stuck (cornered) in the cave. To get (free) unstuck (released) he is drawn to solving little problems, like (such as) reading the news, watching TV, driving his car, doing physical exercise, watching a football game, playing basketball, and (so on and) so forth. Any challenging activity that (initiate->) initially (=previously) requires only 5 percent of his mind (mental energy脑力) can assist (help) him in forgetting his problems and becoming unstuck. Then the next day he can redirect his focus to his problem with greater success (=more successfully). [be at sb.’s wit’s end]Finding relief through talking[11] When a woman is stressed she instinctively feels a need to talk about her feelings and all the possible problems that are associated with her feelings. When she begins talking she does not (priority->) prioritize the significance of any problem. If she is upset, then she is upset about it all, (no mater it is) big and small. She is not (medium) immediately concerned with (=worry about sth./ sb.) finding solutions to her problems but rather seeks relief by expressing herself and being understood. By randomly talking about her problems, she becomes less upset (nervous).[12] As a man under stress tends to (likely) focus on one problem and forget others, a woman under stress tends to expand and become overwhelmed (defeated) by all problems. By talking about all possible problems without focusing on problem solving she feels better. Through exploring her feelings in this process (过程) she gains (gets) a greater awareness (understanding) of what is really bothering her, and then suddenly she is no longer (not anymore不再) so overwhelmed.[13] To feel better, women talk about past problems, future problems, potential problems, evenwomen operate (live).self (the right to be a woman)[14] When a woman is overwhelmed (defeated) she finds relief through talking in great detail about her various problems. Gradually, if she feels she is being heard, her stress disappears. After talking about one topic she will pause and then move on to the next. In this way she continues toexpand talking about problems, worries, disappointments, and (frustrate->) frustrations. These topics need not be in any order and tend to be logically unrelated. If she feels she is not being understood, her awareness (knowledge) may expand even further, and she may become upset about more problems.[15] Just as a man who is stuck in the cave needs little problems to distract him, a woman who doesn't feel heard will need to talk about other problems that are less immediate (=urgent) to feel relief. To forget her own painful feelings she may become emotionally involved in the problems of others. In addition (Besides/ Furthermore) she may find relief through discussing the problems of her friends, talking about her problems or others' problems, talking is a natural and healthy Venusian reaction (response) to stress.Notes1. This text is excerpted (cited/ adapted) from Men are from Mars, Women are from V enus (published in May 1992), which is a book by John Gray offering (giving) many suggestions for improving husband-wife relationships by understanding style and emotional needs of the opposite gender. The book, as suggested by the title, asserts (confirm) the notion (idea/ concept) that men and women are as different as beings from other planets. Gray adopts (采用) this metaphor (暗喻) as the central theme (主题) of all his books and seminars (small lectures), likening men and women to the classical Roman god Mars and goddess Venus as ideal types.2. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. The planet is named after Mars, the Roman god of war (战神). It is also referred (called) to as the "Red Planet" because of its reddish (light red微红) appearance.3. Venus is the second-closest planet to the Sun. The planet is named after Venus, the Roman goddess of love (爱神).4. (hole) cave: it metaphorically refers to a state of situation or mind when men, under stress (压力), withdraw until they find a solution to the problem. John Gray refers to this as "retreating into their cave." In some cases they may (literate<->illiterate问文盲) literally retreat, for example, to the garage (车库/ 汽车修理厂) or spend time with friends. this is a"time-out" (隐退的时间themselves from the problems so their brains can focus on something else.5. To expect otherwise is to deny a woman her sense of self: To expect a woman to react in another way is to turn a blind eye to her value as a woman, or a human being(s). [deny sb. of sth.=deprive sb. of sth.(right)剥夺某人的某物]Word Bank(assist=help) assistance: n. aid帮助，协助; first aid急救associate (~ A with B= relate A to B): 1) n.a companion (=company伙伴/ 公司; accompany sb. to somewhere); 1)n. a partner合伙人2)v. to connect in the mind or imagination联想; 3)a. 副~ professor副教授disengage: v. to release (oneself) from an engagement, pledge, or obligation解脱，解放; be oblighed (#forced) to do sth.不得不做某事；be ~in sth.参与某事(attract<->) distract (->distraction干扰): v. to cause to turn away from the original focus of attention or interest分散，转移(move->motion/ motion picture=film/ movie) emotionally: adv. related to emotion情绪上地fade: v. to lose strength or vitality (energy)衰退forgetful: adj. tending or likely (possible) to forget健忘; forgetable<->unforgetable(frict: vt.) friction: n. conflict, as between persons having dissimilar ideas or interests矛盾Ignore (->ignorant->ignorance): v. to refuse to pay attention to不理睬，忽视(instinct: n.-> instinctive; a.->) instinctively: adv. relating to, or resulting from instinct本能地Mars: n. the fourth planet from the sun火星；~ Square战神广场(mall购物广场#) mull: v. to go over extensively in the mind思虑; (neglegence->neglegeble) neglect: v. to pay little or no attention to忽视，疏忽overwhelm (overcome/ defeat): v. to overpower the thoughts, emotions, or senses (=reason) of 制服，控制preoccupy: v. to engross the thoughts or mind of使全神贯注，迷住; enable; encourage鼓励(at random=) randomly: adv. of no specific order or pattern随意，任意地(resent: vt.) resentment: n. anger, bitterness怨恨，愤恨(lose one’s temper发火->temporary) temporarily: adv. of a short period of time暂时，临时地(tense->) tension: n. a situation or condition of (host<->hstess->hostile->) hostility suspense, or [easy#ease: 1. n./ 2. vt. to ease the pain；make you at ~=make you at home; feel/ be at ease很自在/ 很舒服) uneasiness (unconfortableness/ nervousness)紧张局势(response: n. respond: vi. ->responsive->) unresponsive: adj. exhibiting a lack of responsiveness迟钝的[wind: 1. n.->windy; 2. vt. to ~ the clock; 3. vi. ~ road] unwind: v. to make or become relaxed 放松，释放Venus: n. the second planet from the sun金星withdraw：v. to retire or retreat撤离，撤退Phrases and Expressionsbe associated with: to be connected with与…有关cope with: to deal with妥善处理，有效地对付fade into: to disappear into消失于…focus on: to concentrate on聚焦mull over (=think over): to reflect deeply on琢磨，反复考虑persist in (sth./ doing sth.)= insist on (sth./ doing sth.): to continue doing (same) sth.[=continue to do sth. else]坚持，固执于…II. Complete the following summary (summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.Both men and women have a lot to learn about the opposite sex before their relationships are truly (full+fill) fulfilling (=successful). The way of (1) coping with stress is just one of the must-to-know differences.Every so often (Frequently), when a man is upset or (2) increasingly focused and (3) withdraws to his own cave (private space), which would end up (result in/ lead to导致) being the computer room (study书房camped out in front of the TV for a few hours, not wanting to be talked to. All throughout the cave time, he stays (remains/ keeps) quiet, (4) mulling over the problem to find a (5) solution and becomes so focused (be absorbed in sth.) on solving this one problem that he temporarily loses (6) awareness of everything else.On Venus (In the female world), however, one of the important rules to deal with stress is talking, talking, being heard and understood. When a woman is stressed out, she feels urged to share (~ sth. with sb.) and gain ideas on what they are feeling-- talking feels like (7) releasing the burden (包袱/ 负担) of what they are stressed about. Then she feels better by talking about all possible problems without (8) focusing on problem solving. It's great (=important) for her if she can feel she is being (9) heard, and then her stress disappears.It's important to read between the lines and understand the difference. Most men will not be happy without a time and a place to retreat. And in the meantime (at the same), for women talking is a natural and healthy Venusian (10) reaction to stress.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. He was _____ with gratitude (n. thankfulness) to Professor Brown for helping him.A. excitedB. concerned (worried)C. overwhelmed (occupied)D. interested2. The _____ between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits has been greatly relaxed.A. (intend->) intentionB. tensionC. tenseD. attention3. The scholarship helped Martin to tide over (go through/ overcome) a _____ embarrassment.A. temporaryB. contemporary(同时代/ 当代的)C. temporal(temporal)D. tempting (attract)4. We should enhance (strong->strength->strengthen) people's _____ that caring for the aged is the traditional virtue (品质、道德) of Chinese culture.A. excitementB. knowledgeC. understandingD. awareness (idea/ ideology意识形态)5. I don't grudge (scorn/ look down upon蔑视/ accept) him his success, that is (i.e./ namely也就是说), I admit he _____ it.A. (Indian) preserves (n预留)B. conserves (保护)C. deserves (该得到)D. reserves (保留/ 含蓄)6. While （Although）people traditionally _____ caring, sharing and (generous->慷慨大度) generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbing and self-concerned (=selfish).A. valueB. regard (=consider: vt.)C. prioritize(优先考虑)D. (commodity日用品->)commoditize (to market as a product vt. 使商品化)7. You can't regard him as a friend but (excerpt) a business _____.A. (relate A to B->) relativeB. associate (colleague)C. comrade同志D. (speak->spoke->spoken->) spokesman发言人8. I will calm (a./vt.平静) down and seriously _____ over my work and teaching methodology in order to take them to a new level (水平/ 高度).A. mullB. mumbleC. mute (quiet)D. mock (=laugh at/ ridicule)9. I'm in a puzzle as to (about/ as far as something is concerned就…而言) how to _____ the new situation (处境).A. figure out (=work out)B. lie (位于/ 存在于…) with (together with与…在一起)C. work on 在做…D. cope with处理/ 对付10. Leaders who _____ education are neither far-sighted (远见) nor mature (成熟), and they are therefore (因此) unable to lead the drive (desire/ motivation) for (modern->modernize->) modernization.A. neglectB. omitC. respect (尊敬)D. avoidII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.1. Someone who is cool and calm (a./vt.) in stressful situations is level-headed (头脑冷静).2. Richard resents being interrupted while he is working.3. You were too preoccupied to notice (1.广告海报；2.vt.无意中发现) me at the bus stop yesterday.4. As I grow (=become) older I become increasingly forgetful.5. All the children were involved in the school play(剧目/ 戏剧).6. His (honest->) honesty made him incapable of lying.7. She (withdraw) withdrew (以前的) remarks (评论), and (apology->) apologized.8. There are too many (attract->attraction) distractions in the hotel for me to work properly (=well).10. This book is an (expand->) expansion (拓展) of the play he wrote before.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.When a woman is stressed she instinctively feels a need to talk about her feelings and all the possible problems that are associated with her feelings. When she begins talking she does not prioritize the significance of any problem. If she is upset, then she is upset about it all, (no mater it is) big and small. She is not immediately concerned with finding solutions to her problems but rather seeks relief by expressing herself and being understood. By randomly talking about her problems, she becomes less upset.参考译文：女人有压力时，会直觉地需要找人谈自己的感受以及所有可能与之相关的问题。
高中英语完形填空、语法填空、阅读练习(含答案)
高中英语完形填空、语法填空、阅读练习Test 1自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）(1) around us, we can see many of Edison’s inventions. The electricity inour rooms is one of his greatest inventions. He developed the telephone which rings in our rooms.Records playing songs and music were also invented by him. In addition to these inventions, he also madethe first (3) pictures.It wasn’a t lways easy for Edison (4) new things. It was very difficult for him tot easy f make the first electric lights. He needed t o make hundreds of tests. At first, it wasn ’ him to find the right materials, but at last he did, and the world became brighter.Though (5) in everything, Edison took interest in electricity most of all. He w ants toknow (6) it. He worked very hard to find possible ways to use it.with electricity(7) the world greatly. Today, with great trains Edison ’ s experiments(8) on electricity, we can travel much faster. With our homes and the streets of town andvillage (9) by electric lamps, we live a comfortable life. Radio and television run on it.Science uses it every day.Though (10) how to explain electricity now, we have learned to use it in many ways.Records, shining lights and ringing telephones are very common now. Edison ’ s inventions havekept the world warm.Fill in the blanks with the best answers:1. A. If looking B. If looked C. Whether looking D. Whether looked2. A. to shine B. shine C. shining D. shone3. A. to move B. move C. moving D. moved4. A. to find B. find C. finding D. found5. A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. interests6. A. how to use B. how using C. what to use D. what using7. A. has changed B. have changedC. having changedD. have been changed8. A. to run B. ran C. run D. running9. A. to light B. light C. lit D. lighting10. A. not known B. not knowing C. known as D. knowing not语法填空（满分10 分）When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets 1 the traffic drives onthe left. Before 2 ( cross) a street you must look to the right first and then the left. In themorning and in the evening when people go to 3 come from work, the streets are very busy.Traffic is most 4 （ danger） then.When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, 5 . Always remember the trafficmoves on the left. So you must be careful. 6 ( Have) a look first, or you willgo 7 wrong way.In many English cities, there are big buses 8 two floors. Your can sit on the 9 （t wo）floor, from 10 you can see the city very well. It ’ s very interesting.Test 2自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）In Mr. Allen ’ s school class,all the students have to “ get married ” . However, t 1_ sometimes become so noisy that the loud laughter drowns out the 2_ of the “ minister ” . Even the two students getting married often begin to laugh.The teacher, Mr. Allen, believes that marriage is a difficult and serious business. He wants youngpeople to understand that there are many changes that must take place after marriage. He believes thatthe 3_ for these psychological and financial changes should be understood before peoplemarry.Mr. Allen doesn ’ t only introduce his students to main problems faced in marriage such asillness or being out of work. He also _4 _ them to the difficult and particular problems theywill face every day. He wants to introduce young people to all the worries that can bring the 5point to a marriage. He even makes his students know the problems of _ 6 and the fact thatdivorced men must pay child support money for their children and sometimes pay their wives everymonth.It has been unsettling for some of the students to see the problems that a 7 coupleoften faces. 8 they took the course, they were not much worried about the problems ofmarriage. However, both students and parents feel that Mr. Allen 9’a s n d c o h u a rv s e isfavored the course publicly. Their statements and letters supporting the class have asked the schoolto 10 the course again.1. A. conferences B . competitions C. celebrations D. ceremonies2. A. whisper B. sound C. scream D. voice3.A. possibility B. responsibility C. need D. supply4.A. exposes B. explains C. extends D. exhausts5.A. uniting B. burning C. breaking D. freezing6.A. wedding B. division C. participation D. divorce7.A. divorced B. complained C. fascinated D. married8.A. If B. After C. Until D. Because9.A. disagreeable B . flexible C. valuable D. unbelievable10.A. afford语法填空（满分B. offer10 分）C. establishD. affectFinishing their shopping at the supermarket, a middle-aged couple found their new car1 （ steal） . They filed a report at the police station and a detective drove2 back to the parking lot to look for evidence.To their 3 （ amaze）, the car had been returned 4 there was a notein it that said: “ I apologize 5 taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to send her to the hospital as soon as possible. Please forget the 6There are two tickets for tonight's Rowan Atkinson concert. ”(convenient).Their faith in humanity restored（恢复）. The couple attended 7 concert.8 when they returned home, they immediately found that their house 9 (rob).On the bathroom mirror was 10don't I? ”note: “ I have to put my kid through college somehow,Test 3自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）It ’a s n age-old saying: Men are from Mars; women are from Venus. Males and females 1 different behaviors almost from birth. Researchers say these behaviors are due to 2 differences inbrain structure and activity. Studies show men are better at hitting targetsand solving math problems 3 women are better at memorizing words and 4 faces. Why the differences?A test of the brain ’ s electrical activity shows that women comu m s o e nb l y oth sides of their brain while men rely more on one. Scientists already know that the two sides of the brain control different functions — one controlling the sense of space, 5 , the other controlling language. Some researchers believe that the different ways men and women use their brains 6 from ancient times, when cave men hunted and women 7 the children. Men had to have good aim. Women had to talk to the kids.Whatever the 8 is, the battle of the sexes continues. And although their brains areconstructed slightly differently, men and women may be equally capable. They may simply 9 different abilities. Take a couple arguing over the location of their car in a parking lot.The man might use his sense of 10 to find it, while the woman relies on her memory of landmarks. Both of them find the car. But chances are, they ’ ll st w illh a o r’g u s e ta h b e o b u e ttter driver and who ’ s better at finding the wo a m ye h.1.A. build2.A. basic B. formB. averageC. chooseC. greatD. showD. exact3. A. so B. as C. yet D. while4. A. realizing B. recognizing C. describing D. painting5. A. at least B. as a result C. above all D. for example6. A. grew B. developed C. invented D. produced7. A. supported B. carried C. cared for D. gave birth to8. A. consideration B. decision C. imagination D. explanation9. A. show off B. take on C. depend on D. keep up10. A. area语法填空（满分B. space10 分）C. sightD. distancePeople 1 （ live ） in different countries made different kinds of words. Todaythere are about fifteen hundred languages in the world. 2 contains many thousands ofwords. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four 3 five hundred thousandwords. But we do not need 4 these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. 5 you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.The words you know 6 (call) your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary bigger. Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books 7（ write ） in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet 8 new word, look it9 in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your 10Test 4自评分数：（ much） useful b ook.完型填空（满分10 分）I was 15 when I walked into McCauley ’ s Bookstore in Ashland. As I was looking at titles on the shelves, the man behind the counter, 1 , asked if I'd like a job. I needed to start saving forcollege, so I said yes. I 2 after school and during summers for the lowest wages, and the job helped3 my freshman(or first) year of college. I would do many other jobs: I madecoffee i n the Students ’ Union during college, I was a hotel waitress a n4dt heU.S. Forest Service. But selling books was one of the most satisfying.made maps for One day a woman asked me for books on cancer. She seemed fearful. I showed her almost5 we had at that time in store and found other books we could order. She left the store lessworried. I ’ ve always remember6e d th I e fe_lt in having helped her.Years later, as a _7 in Los Angeles, I heard about an immigrant child who was born withhis fingers connected, web-like. His family could not afford a corrective operation, and the boy livedin shame, hiding his hand in his pocket.I 8 my boss to let me do the story. After my story was broadcast, a doctor and a nurse called, offering to perform the operation for free.I visited the boy in the recovery room soon after the operation. The first thing he did was to holdup his repaired hand and say, "Thank you." I felt a sense of pleasure.In the past, while I was at McCauley ’ s Bookstore, I alw w aa y s s w e o n rs k e i n d gIfor thecustomers, not the store. Today it 9 . ’N B s C th N eews pays my salary, but I feel as if I workfor (the)1.10 , helping them make sense of the world.A ．the readerB ．the college studentC． the shop owner D ．the customer()2. A ．read B ．studied C．cooked D．worked()3. A ．pay for B ．fit for C．run for D ．enter for ()4. A ．so B ．yet C． even D．still()5. A ．anything B．something C．nothing D ．everything ()6. A ．pride B．failure C．sadness D．surprise()7. A ．doctor B． store owner C． bookseller D． TV r eporter()8. A ．advised B． forced C． persuaded D． allowed()9. A ．difference B． same C． usual D． request()10. A ．students B． viewers C． customers D．passengers语法填空（满分10 分）Keeping CustomsEvery culture has its own customs, which are valuable. However, deciding how to deal with the problem of 1 (familiar) customs is a challenge for many immigrants. Somechoose to follow the customs of their new country, 2 others prefer to adhere( 坚持 ) to their own customs. Each of these choices has some advantages as 3 (explain) below.4 people choose to follow the customs of their adopted country, they may find thatit helps them to adapt more quickly to the new society. They have something to discuss and share 5 their new neighbors, and sharing customs is one way for people to feel closer to one another. Thus, following the new customs may help immigrants feel 6 at home.But then, 7 choose to continue following their own customs may also find that it helps them feel more at home. 8 (follow) their traditional customs may help people feel more secure in the new 9 (surround). More importantly, our customs are an expression of the culture. Sharing our old customs can also bring us closer to our new neighbors.To sumup, our customs are an important part of our culture. Therefore, we shouldn ’ｔabandon 10 traditional customs when we move to another country.完型填空（满分10 分）Test 5自评分数：Donald was not very good at math. He couldn ’ t understand the teacher ’ s explanat when the teacher 1 something a second time, Donald still could not 2 it.“ Never mind, ”D onald told himself, “ I ’q m uite good at 3 subjects. I ’ l c l heat in themath exam, and then I won ’ t b4e in . ”“ I ’ ll sit next to the boy who is bestat 5 , ”he thought, “ and copy down his answers. ”The day of the exam came, and Donald sat next to Brian Smith, who was always at the 6of the class in math. Donald carefully copied Brian ’ s answers onto his own exam paper.At end of the exam, the teacher collected the papers and 7 them.Then she said, “ Well, boys and girls, I ’ ve decided to give a prize to the stu th dent who gothighest grade. But it is difficult for me to decide who should get the prize, because two students,Donald and Brian, got the same grade. ”“ Let them 8 it, ” one of the other students said.“ I ’ ve thoughtabout that, ” the teacher said,“ but I’ ve decided to give the prize to Donald was 9 when he heard this. He stood up and said,“ That ’ s unfair. I hav same grade as Brian. ”“ That ’ s true,”the teacher said, “ However, Brian ’ s answer to Question 18 wasYours was ‘10do I. ’”1. A. discussed B. introduced C. explained D. repeated2. A. master B. understand C. know D. describe3. A. other B. any C. some D. another4. A. silence B. private C. return D. trouble5. A. English B. physics C. math D. biology6. A. bottom B. top C. center D. head7. A. graded B. surveyed C. divided D. separated8. A. catch B. take C. share D. enjoy9. A. happy B. lucky ` C. surprised D. angry10. A. Either B. Neither C. Seldom D. Hardly语法填空（满分10 分）Do you have a dream, something you always see 1 (you) doing? Perhaps yousee yourself as a lawyer, businessman, or even a scientist. 2 it is, don ’3 dream is a wonderful thing. It can give you hope for your future and encourageyou 4 (try) when all odds are against you ．（形势对你不利）However, there are dream 5 (kill) that want to kill your dream ．They may tell you thatit is 6 (possibility)for you, that you are not smart enough or 7 it ’ snever been done before. However, many times the biggest dream killer is you.t let fear, doubt or lack of finances prevent you 8 fulfilling your dream. TalkDon’ back to these killers, “ I can（a fn in d is fh u lf）ill my dream. ” You may ha t v o e do this every day.The 9 (many) you instill （逐渐灌输）within your heart that you can do it, the moresafely your dream will 10 (hold) within you.Test 6自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling 1 , but Ialways knew he was 2 . He never criticized us, but used 3 to bring out our best.He’ d say, “ If you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If you don ’ t give them water remember as a child I said something 4 about somebody, and my father said, “ Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it ’ s a reflecti on of you. ” He explainlooked for the best in people, I would get the best in return. From then on I s tried to’ ve a5 the principle in my life and later in running my company.s also always been very 6 . At 15, I started a magazine. It was taking up a great deal of Dad’ my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 7 : stay in school or leave towork on my magazine. I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, as anygood father would. When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “ Richard, when Imy dad persuaded me to go into law. And I 8_ re’g re v e t ted it. I wanted to be a biologist, but Ididn ’ t pursue my dream. You know what you want. Go fulfill (实现 ) it. ”As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national 9 foro think we a’r ed br l ik n e g it ng young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and Ithem up in the same way Dad _ 10 me.1. A. biologist B. manager C. lawyer D. gardener2. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned3. A. praise B. courage C. power D. warmth4. A. unnecessary B. unkind C. unimportant D. unusual5. A. revise B. set C. review D. follow6. A. understanding B. experienced C. serious D. demanding7. A. suggestion B. decision C. notice D. choice8. A. always B. never C. seldom D. almost9. A. newspaper B. magazine C. program D. projectC. reminded D . raised10. A. controlled B. comforted语法填空（满分10 分）Most Americans don ’ t like to get advice 1 members of their family. They get advice from “ 2 （ strange）” . When they need advice, theydon ’ t usually go to people they know.3 many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines 4give advice on many different subjects, 5 （ include ） family problems, the use of（ buy） a house or language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, and even on how 6a car.Most newspapers regularly print letters from 7 （read）with problems. Along with the letters 8 are answers written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are d octors, 9 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special 10 （ train） for this kind of work.Test 7自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）Many people think teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is 1_ for children to work at home in their free time. _ 2 _ they argue that most teachers do not 3 _ planthe homework tasks they give to pupils. The results are that pupils have to repeat tasks whichthey have _ 4 done at school.Recently in Greece many parents complained about the _5 homework which teachersgave to their children. The parents said that most of the homework was 6_, and they wanted to stop it. Spain and Turkey are two countries which stopped homework recently. In Denmark,Germany and several other countries in Europe, teachers cannot set homework at weekends. In Holland, teachers allow pupils to stay at school to do their homework. The children are free tohelp one another. _7_ arrangement also exists in some British schools.Most people agree that homework is not _8 _ . A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 9_ room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. Some parents are ready to help their children with their homework. But other parents even take no interest at all in their children 10 . ’ s1 A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant2 A. Nevertheless B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover3 A. considerably B. favorably C. properly D. pleasantly4 A. just B. already C. yet D. still5 A. simple B. advanced C. easy D. difficult6 A. impossible B. invaluable C. careless D. useless7 A. Familiar B. Appropriate C. Similar D. Abnormal8 A. fair B. average C. balanced D. comparative9 A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable10 A. homework 语法填空（满分B. position10 分）C. countryD. timeWithout proper planning, tourism can cause problems. 1 example, too many tourists can crowd public places 2 are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country.If tourism creates too much traffic, the inhabitants will become 3 （annoy）and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists 4 to treat them impolitely. They forget howmuch tourism can help the country ’e c s onomy. 5 is important to think about the people of a destination country and 6 tourism affects them. Tourism should help 7 country keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should alsoadvance the wealth and 8 （ happy） of local inhabitants.Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism 9 （ grow ） too quickly, peoplemust leave other jobs to work 10the country ’ s economy can suffer.自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）the tourism industry. This means that other parts of Test 8Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors ( 流星 ) but also because of 1from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Lightgets through, and this is 2 for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our3 tolerable and some ultraviolet rays penetrate the atmosphere. Cosmic ( 宇宙的 ) rays ofvarious kinds come through the air from outer space, but a great 4 of radiation from the sunare screened off. 5 men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation; but theirspacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, 6 prevent a lot of radiationdamage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in 7 . Doses of radiation aremeasured in units called 雷“目re)m”s .(We all 8 radiation here on earth from the sun, fromcosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The “ 9 ” dose of radiation that we receive eayear is about two milligrams; it 10 according to where you live, and this is a very roughestimate.1. A. water B. rays C. atmosphere D. food2. A. hard B. crazy C. difficult D. essential3. A. plants B.animals C. people D. environments4. A. quarrel B .quarter C. quality D. quantity5. A. As soon as B. As well as C. As much as D. As possible as6. A. get B. make C. have D. do7. A. earth B. atmosphere C. space D. environment8. A. receive B. accept C. bring D. catch9. A. conventional B. common C. general D. normal10. A. shifts B. converts C. modifies D. varies语法填空（满分10 分）London was awarded 1 2012 Olympic Games on Wednesday, 2（ defeat） European rival Paris in the final round of voting to take the games back to British capital3 the first time since 1948.4 Moscow, New York and Madrid were eliminated （淘汰）in the first threerounds London beat Paris 54 —50 on the fourth ballot of the IOC.In London crowds cheered and waved flags as 5watched the announcement fromSingapore 6 a giant screen in Trafalgar Square and in the east London area7 the main Olympic complex （建筑群）will be based.Blair spent two days in lobbying （游说）in Singapore 8 leaving to host the G8（good）partners, ”summit in Scotland. “ My promise to w yo e u w is i ll be your very 9Blair said.It ’ s the fourth bid from Britain after 10 （fail ） attempts by Birmingham for the1992 Olympics and Manchester for the 1996 and 2000.阅读（满分10 分）In the last 500 years, nothing about people----not their clothes, ideas, or languages ---------------- haschanged as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoatree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. Andalthough it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinkswere served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru toEurope, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of IrishPotatoFamine ”of1845~1846, and people starved when the crop failed during the “thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to Old World. Butsome others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world ’ s largest grower o and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is nativeto Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that hiswid-eawake ”goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “ feeling that on-ethird of the world ’ s population now starts the day with.1.According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?A. Food.B. Clothing.C. Ideology.D. Language.in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to .2.“ Some”A. some cocoa treesB. some chocolate drinksC. some shopsD. some South American Indians3.Thousands of Irish people starved during the “ Potato Famine ”because .A.they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything elseB.they were forced to leave their homeland and move to AmericaC.the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoesD.the potato harvest was bad4.Which country is the largest coffee producer?A. Brazil.B. Colombia.C. Ethiopia.D. Egypt.5.Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?A.One third of the world popula’t io sn drinks coffee.B.Coffee is native to Colombia.C.Coffee can keep one awake.D.Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.Test 9自评分数：完型填空（满分10 分）Nobody wants to appear fat. Many girls who care too much about their self-image choose to eatless food to 1 themselves from gaining weight. Some even take medicine to achieve theirgoals. Those unhealthy ways may lead to being 2 to a certain drug and the addiction is usuallyvery 3 . There is little difference to committing suicide. I used to eat 4 a lot,which is said to be high in protein but low in calories. But the moment bird flu 5 out, Istopped eating this kind of meat. To me, health always comes first, because no matter howwealthy you are, your 6 will deprive （剥夺）you of the right to 7 your life, so why shouldwe put ourselves in danger and suffer? However, you ’ d better keep it in mind that whetheryou go on a calorie-restricted （限制热量的） diet or not, exercising and 8 eating are excellent ways tokeep your body in good 9 . Their emphasis is that the healthy way to lose weight is 10to make changes to your lifestyle.1. A. protect B. make C. promise D. keep2. A. used B. addicted C. exposed D. devoted3. A. painful B. useful C. cheerful D. sorrowful4. A. fruit B. vegetable C. chicken D. pork5. A. let B. set C. gave D. broke6. A. medicine B. weight C. diet D. disease7. A. enjoy B. make C. change D. take8. A. wonderful B. healthy C. good D. normal9. A. size B. shape C. situation D. style10. A. usually B. generally C. quickly D. gradually语法填空（满分10 分）Why is setting goals of great 1 (important)? Because goals can help you do, be,2 experience everything you want in life. Instead3 just letting lifehappen to you, goals allow 4 to make your life happen.5 （success） and happy people have set lots of goals to help them reach their aims.like 6 (h’a v s e) a map to showBy setting goals you are taking control of your life. It you7 you want to go.Winners in life set goals and follow through with them. Winners decide 8 theywant in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals. Unsuccessful people just letlife happen by accident. Goals aren ’ t difficult to set, and 9 aren ’ t diffic is up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are 10 one who must decidewhat to do and in what direction to aim your life.阅读（满分10 分）One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. Theygive their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and evenabroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More andmore of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money inscattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us theis not on thn e--h-o-r ii t z io s already here.“ cashless society ” While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellerstoo. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range ofrecords, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keeptrack of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisionsto recorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers recordwhich hours are busiest and which employees are the mostefficient, allowing personnel （职员） and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they alsoidentify preferred customer for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decidewhich products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gasand electric utilities （功用） to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services toconsumers through the use of computers.1.According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to .A. withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes。