(完整word版)英国文学史及选读期末试题及答案
英国文学史及选读 期末试题及答案 考试课程：英国文学史及选读 考核类型： A 卷 考试方式：闭卷 出卷教师 : XXX
考试专业：英语 考试班级：英语 xx 班
I. Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1. ___ ， a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A. The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2. ___ is the most common foot in English poetry. A. The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B. England' s domestic rest C. New discovery in geography and astrology D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4. ___ is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A. The Pilgrims Progress B. Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C. The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5. ___________ Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is . A. science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6. “ Solo ng as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. ” (Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does “ this ” refer to ? A. Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7. “ O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th ' embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven' s perpetual king ”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton ' s Paradise Lost, the phrase “ thcyo nduct ” refertso conduct. A.God ' s B.Satan' s C.Adam ' s D.Eve 's 8. It is generally regarded that Keats' s most important and mature poems are in the form of
A.elegyB.ode C.epic D.sonnet 9. “ ShaIl l compare thee to a summer' s day? ” Thes entence is the beginning of Shakespeare' s ______ . A. comedy B.tragedy C.sonnet D.poem 10. Daniel Defoe 's novels mainly focus on . A.the struggle of the unfortunate for mere existence B. the struggle of the shipwrecked persons for security C. the struggle of the pirates for wealth D. the desire of the criminals for property 11. Francis Bacon is best known for his _ which greatly influenced the development of this literary form. A.essays B.poems C.works D.plays 12. Most of Thomas Hardy 's novels are set in Wessex . A.a crude region in England B.a fictional primitive region C.a remote rural area D.Hardy ' s hometown 13. In terms of Pride and Prejudice, which is not true? A.Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen 's novels. B. Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as “ First Impressions ”. C. Pride and Prejudice is a tragic novel. D.In this novel, the author explores the relationship between great love and realistic benefits. 14. Chronologically the Victorian Period refers to A.1798-1832 B.1836-1901 C.1798-1901 D.the Neoclassical Period 15. In the following figures, who is Dickens 's first child hero? A.Fagin. B.Mr.Brownlow. C.Olive Twist. D.Bill Sikes 16. “And where are they? And where art thou, ” My country? On thy voiceless shore The heroic lay is tuneless now- The heroic bosom beats no more! (George Gordon Byron, Don Juan) In the above stanza, “art thou ” literally means . A. “ art you ” B. “ are though ”C .“art though D”.“ are you ” 17. Of the following writers, which is not the representative of the Romantic period? A.William Blake. B.John Bunyan. C.Jane Auten. D.John Keats. 18. In Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, what is the utmost concern of Blake? A.Love B.Childhood C.Death D.Human Experience 19. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from . A.the Renaissance B.the Old Testament C.Greek Mythology D.the New Testament
20. Jane Austen' s first novel is . A.Pride and Prejudice B.Sense and Sensibility C.Emma D.Plan of a Noel 21. Of the following poets, w hich is not regarded as “ L'ak”e ?Poets A.Saumel Taylor Coleridge. B.Robert Southey. C.William Wordsworth. D.William Shakespeare. 22. ___________________ Daniel Defoe describes as a typical English middle-class man of the eighteenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist. A.Robinson Crusoe B.Moll Flanders C.Gulliver D.Tom Jones 23. The lines “ Death, be not proud, though some have calld thee/Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so; ” are found in . A.William Wordsworth ' s writings B.John Keats' writings C.John Donne ' s writings D.Percy Bysshe Shelley 's writings 24. ______________________________________________________________________ The Pilgrim 's progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for ________ . A.self-fulfillment B.spiritual salvation C.material wealth D.universal truth 25. With so many poems such as “ The 'Ssp aNreroswt, ”“ To a Skylark, ”“ To the Cuckoo ” and “ To a Butterfly ” ,William Wordsworth is regarded as a “ ____ ”. A.poet of genius. B.royal poet. C.worshipper of nature. D.conservative poet. 26.In the first part of Gulliver ' s Travels, Gulliver told this experience in . A.Lilliput B.Brobdingnag C.Houyhnhnm D.England 27. Which of the following can not describe “ Byronic hero ”? A.Proud. B.Mysterious. C.Noble origin. D.Progressive. 28. _______________________________________________________ The poetic form which Browning attached to maturity and perfection is ________________________ . A.dramatic monologue B.use of symbol C.use of ironic language D.use of lyrics 29. The term “ metaphysical poetry ” is commonly used to name the work -ocfe tnhteu r1y7 wthriters who wrote under the influence of . A.John Milton B.John Donne C.John Keats D.John Bunyan 30. Which of the following writings is not created by William Wordsworth? A.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud. B. She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways C. The Solitary Reaper. D. The Chimney Sweeper. II. Find the relevant match from colunm B for each item in Colomn A (10 points in all. 1 point for each) A B
(完整word版)英国文学史试题
Cha pter Six English Literature of the Romantic AgeI .可出选择题有:1. The Roma ntic Age bega n with the p ublicati on ofwritte n by______________A. William WordsworthB. Samuel Joh nsonC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Wordsworth and Coleridge( ) 2. Which po et does not bel ong to the Active Roma ntic Poet?A. Byro nB. ShelleyC. KeatsD. Blake“The Lyrical Ballads ” is Coleridge's master pieceA. Kubla KhanB. The P reludeC. The Rime of Ancient Mari nerD. Tin tern Abbey) 4. In 1805, Wordsworth compi eted a long auto-biogra phical poem en titledA. Biogra phia LiterariaB. The P reludeC. Lucy Po emsD. The Lyrical Ballads( ) 5. The followi ng sta nza is from a poem writte n byWhe n we two p artedIn sile nee and in tears,Half broke n-hearted,To sever for years."The Lyrical Ballads ” which was ) 3. The first poem inP ale grew thy cheek and coldColder tha n thy kiss;Truly that hour foretoldSorrow to this!A.Percy Bysshe ShellyB.William BlakeC.George Gordon Byro nD.Robert Brow ning( )6. The Lake Poets include all the following members except the author of the followingwork.A. The P reludeB.Don Jua nC.The An cie nt Mari nerD. Joa n of Arc) 7. Scott's chief con tributi on to En glish literature lies in his no vels ofA. warB.historyC. cityD.roma neeII.可出判断题有:1. With the establishme nt of the Jacob in dictatorsh ip in Fran ce, Wordsworth's attitude toward revoluti on cha ngedinto active.) 2. I n the revised version of Lyrical Ballads, Coleridge held that p oetry is the“ spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling ”.( ) 3. Roma nticism is a literary tren d. It p revailed in En gla nd in the p eriod(1798——1832)) 4. The most important imp etus of the Roma ntic moveme nt was the French Revoluti on( ) 5. The ideals of French Revoluti on are liberty, democracy, and equality.“Biographia Literaria ” is written by Wordsworth.III .可出填空题有:marked the tran siti on from roma nticism to the p eriod of realism which followed it.2. In 1843 Wordsworth was madeIV 可出术语有:lake po etsV .可出简答题有：What are the qualities of Roma nticismChap ter Seven English Literature of the Victorian AgeI •可出选择题有：( ) 1. The followi ng stateme nts are features of Dicke ns's no vels exce ptA. The po wer of expo sureB. Comp licated and fasc in at ing plotC. Broad humor and pen etrati ng satireD. Tragic mood and feeli ng of dep ressi onII .可出判断题有:) 1. A Tale of Two Cities bel ongs to the first writ ing p hase of Dicke ns's career, and thetwo cities are London and P aris.)2. Though the Victoria n po ets are called The Third Gen erati on of Roma nticism, they showed no vigor and po wer in p roduct ion of p oetry as their p revious p oets.) 6. The brillia nt literary criticism 1.III .可出填空题有:app eared1. In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trendafter the roma ntic po etry.2. The title of the no vel Vanity Fair is suggestive of that Van ity Fair in Bunyan's master pi ece_________________ , where all sorts of van ities are on sale.3. The central characters of The Mill on Floss are Tom and his sister4. is the rep rese ntative of New Roma nticism in the novel writ ing at the end ofthe 19th cen tury.IV .可出术语有:Dramatic mono logueV .可出简答题有:The con tributi on of the sett ing to the exp ressi on of the sp eaker's situatio n in“Cross ing theBar ”.Cha pter Eight English Literature of the First Half of the Twentieth CenturyI •可出判断题有:( T ) 1. Symbolism, Surrealism, Imagism, Expressionism, etc, all belong to School ofModer ni sm.( T ) 2. The Rain bow is D. H. Lawre nee's autobiogra phical work.II .可出简答题有:The sig ni fica nee of the theme of Araby.March the works in colu mn A and authors in colu mn B and write the letter of your choice inthe bracketsA B来源:考试大-专四专八考试站。
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读
《英国文学史及选读》第二册练习题I. 浪漫主义时期I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.1. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun with_____in 1798.(A)A. the publication of Lyrical BalladsB. the death of Sir ScottC. the birth of William WordsworthD. the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament2. The Romantic Period is first of all an age of_____.(B)A. NovelB. poetryC. dramaD. prose3. Romanticism does not emphasize_____.(D)A. the special qualities of each individual’s mindB. the inner world of the human spiritC. individualityD. the features that men have in common4._____ is not a Romantic poet.(B)A. William BlakeB. Sir ScottC. P. B. ShelleyD. Lord Byron5. _____ is a Romantic novelist but is impressed with neo-classic strains.(C)A. Walter ScottB. Mary ShelleyC. Jane AustenD. Ann Radcliff6. _____ is not characte ristic of William Blake’s writing.(C)A. plain and direct languageB. compression of meaningC. supernatural qualityD. symbolism7. Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads in 1789 with _____.(B)A. ByronB. ColeridgeC. ShelleyD. Keats8. Wordsworth thinks that _____ is the only subject of literary interest.(D)A. the life of rising bourgeoisieB. aristocratic lifeC. the life of the royal familyD. common life9. Don Juan is the masterpiece of_____.(A)A. Lord Byron’sB. P. B. Shelley’sC. John Keats’sD. Samuel Coleridge’s10. _____ is not a novel written by Jane Austen.(A)A. Jane EyreB. Sense and SensibilityC. Pride and PrejudiceD. EmmaII.维多利亚时期I. Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets1. The Victorian period roughly began at the enthronement of Queen Victoria in_____.(B)A. 1835B. 1836C. 1837D. 18382. The critical realists like Charles Dickens in the Victorian period wrote novels_____.(D)A. representing the 18th century realist novelB. criticizing the societyC. defending the massE. all the above3. _____is not a Victoria novelist.(D)A. Charles DickensB. George EliotC. William Makepeace ThackerayD. D. H. Lawrence4. _____ is not a work by Charles Dickens.(C)A. Oliver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. MiddlemarchD. A Tale of Two Cities5. Wuthering Heights is a masterpiece written by_____.(B)A. Charlotte BronteB. Emily BronteC. Anne BronteD. Branwell Bronte6. _____ is not Thomas Hardy’s work.(A)A. The Mill on the FlossB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Jude the ObscureD. The Mayor of Casterbridge7. “My Last Duchess” is _____.(A)A. a dramatic monologueB. a short lyricC. a novelD. an essay8. Tennyson’s “Ulysses” gets its inspiration from the following works or writers except_____.(B)A. Homer’s OdesseyB. Joyce’s UlyssesC. DanteD. Greek Mythology9. In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend _____ appeared. And it flourished in the 1840s and in the early 1950s.(D)A. romanticismB. naturalismC. realismD. critical realism10. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from_____.(A)A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Childe Harold’s PilgrimageC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. The Canterbury TalesIV. Name the author of each of the following literary works.1. The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (Charles Dickens)2. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (Anne Bronte)3. In Memoriam (Alfred Tennyson)4. The Mill on the Floss (George Eliot)5. The Return of the Native (Thomas Hardy)VI. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1. That same evening the gentleman in the white waistcoat most positively and decidedly affirmed, not only that Oliver would be hung, but that he would be drawn and quartered into the bargain. Mr.Bumble shoot his head with gloomy mystery, and said he wished he might come to good; where—unto Mr. Gamfield replied, that he wished he might come to him---which, although he agreed with the beadle in most matters, would seem to be a wish of a totally opposite description. The next morning, the public were once more informed that Oliver Twist was again To Let, and that five pounds would be paid to anybody who would take possession of him.( It is taken from Charles Dickens’s Oliver Twist. This part describes how Oliver is punished for asking for more to eat and how he is therefore sold at three pound ten to a notorious chimney-sweeper. It reveals that the pitiable state of the orphan boy and the cruelty and hypocrisy of the workhouse board.)2. Thus, neither having the clue to the other’s secret, they were respectively puzzled at what each revealed, and awaited new knowledge of each other’s character and moods without attempting to pry into each o ther’s history.Every day, every hour, brought to him one more little stroke of her nature, and to her one more of his. Tess was trying to lead a repressed life, but she little divined the strength of her own vitality.( It is taken from Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles. This part describes how Tess forgets about her past misfortune in the beautiful, pastoral dairy farm and unconsciously gives herself up to the attraction of Angel Clare.)III. 现代时期I. Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets1. Modernism takes_____as its theoretical base.（C)A. the irrational philosophyB. the theory of psycho-analysisC. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Modernism rose out of_____.(D)A. skepticismB. disillusion of capitalismC. irrational philosophyD. al the above3. Modernism is, in many aspects, a reaction against_____.(B)A .romanticism B. realismC. post-modernismD. all the above4. _____is not a movement in the modern period.(C)A. “the Angry Young Men”B. “the Beat Generation”C. “the Lost Generation”D. “the Theater of the Absurd”5. _____ is not a representative figure i n applying the technique of “the stream of consciousness” in his/her writing.(A)A. D. H. LawrenceB. James JoyceC. Virginia WoolfD. Dorothy Richardson6. Waiting for Godot is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd. It is written by_____.(B)A. George Bernard ShawB. Samuel BeckettC. John GalsworthyD. Eugene O’ Neill7. The Waste Land is_____’s most important single poem.(D)A. Ezra PoundB. William Butler YeatsC. Alfred TennysonD. T. S. Eliot8. _____ is not D. H. Lawrence’s work.(A)A. Finnegans WakeB. Sons and LoversC. Lady Chatterley’s LoverD. The Rain Bow9. _____ is not James Joyce’s novel.(C)A. UlyssesB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManC. DublinersD. Finnegans Wake10. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” is written by_____.(D)A. W. H. AudenB. D. H. LawrenceC. W. B. YeatsD. T. S. EliotIV. Name the author of each of the following literary works.1. Pygmalion (Bernard Shaw )2. “Sailing to Byzantium” (W. B. Yeats)3. Woman in Love (D. H. Lawrence)4. Ulysses (James Joyce)5. The Man of Property (John Galsworthy)VI. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1. I will arise and go now, for always night and dayI hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements gray,I hear it in the deep heart’s core.(It is taken from Yeats’s “The lake Isle of Innisfree.” In this poem, Yeats expresses his longing to escape from the city life and to live a secluded life by describing the peaceful, tranquil scene of the lake Isle of Innisfree, a legendary place for hermitage.)2. Now she began to combat in his restless fretting. He still kept up his connexion with Miriam, could neither break free nor go the whole length of engagement. And this indecision seemed to bleed him of his energy. Moreover. His mother suspected him of an unrecognized leaning towards Clara, and, since the latter was a married woman, she wished he would fall in love with one of the girls in a better station of life. But he was stupid, and would refuse to love or even to admire a girl much, just because she was his social superior.(It is taken from D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers. Paul has love affairs with two girls, Miriam and Clara. But he is so dependent on his mother’s love and help that he fails to achieve a fulfilling relationship with either girl.) English Literature ( Book II)2.William Wordsworth要知道他的“Lyrical Ballads”前言是英国浪漫主义时期开始的标志，也是宣言。
英国文学史及选读期末复习试题
英国文学史及选读试题考试科目：英国文学史及选读考试时间：120分钟使用班级：考试形式：■闭卷□开卷Ⅰ. Fill in the following blanks (1′×35=35分)1._______________ can be justly termed England’s national epic.2.In the year of _____, at the battle of _________, the Normans headed by ______ , Duke of _________, defeated the ___________ .3.________________, the “father of English poetry”and one of the greatest ______________ poets of England. The representative work of him is ____________________ .4. Renaissance means __________ and _________ .5. The key note of renaissance : _________________.6. The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of ___________ ( _______ and _________ ) and_____________.7.Thomas More was the outstanding________ at the beginning of ___ century. His wrote ____________ in 1516.8. Edmund Spenser was the author of the greatest____________—_________(作品)9. The highest glory of Renaissance is ______________ .10. Christopher Marlowe was one of the _____________ and made ____________ the principal vehicle of expression in____________ .11. Thomas Wyatt was the first to introduce the ___________ into English literature.12. At the end of the 16th century, the great English scientist and philosopher Francis Bacon wrote his famous ____________ and______________.13. William Shakespeare：Four tragedies: ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________. Four comedies: ___________ _, ___________ _, ____________, ___________ _.Shakespeare produced ____ plays, two _________ and 154 __________.14. Francis Bacon was the founder of ____________in England——Knowledge is power. He was famous for his essays: ________________.15. John Donne—_____________school, was the author of ________________ .16. John Milton was the author of ______________, _____________. The first one was written in___________. Here Paradise means “_________________ ”.17. The 18th Century—The Age of______________ in England—was distinctively an age of ____________.18. ______________ was the writer of Robinson Crusoe.19. ______________ was the writer of Gulliver’s Travels, A modest Proposal.20.______________ was the writer of _____________, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, _______________________, The Songs of Innocence.21. ______________was the writer of ________________, Auld Lang Syne.22. The Romantic Period was from _____ to _____ in England and was decidedly an age of ___________.23. Romanticism began with the publication of_________________ Lyrical Ballads, ended with __________________.24. _____________________, ___________________ and ________________were ___________(湖畔诗人).25. _____________,____________ ,______________were active romanticists (激进浪漫主义诗人).26.________________ —If winter comes, can Spring be far behind? ——Percy Bysshe _____________.27. ______________ —Beauty is truth, truth beauty.30. ______________was the writer of On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer, __________________, Ode on a Grecian Urn, __________________, Bright Star.31. ________________was the writer of Pride and Prejudice.32. _____________was the writer of Dream-Children; a Reverie, _____________________.33.The Victorian Age—______________ in England. The dominant literal genrewas ____________.34._____________ was the writer of _____________,David Copperfield, HardTimes, A Tale of Two Cities (_________ and ________), Great Expectation.35.William Makepeace Thackeray was the writer of __________________.36.George Eliot, a ___________ writer, devoted herself to ______________.37.Charlotte Bronte was the author of ______________; Emily Bronte was the writerof __________________.38.Alfred, Lord Tennyson, was regarded as the most important poet ofthe_________________.39._____________was the author of Far from Madding Crowd, The Return of theNative, The Major of Casterbridge, Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure.40.Oscar Wilde, a __________ and a ___________, was a spokesman for________________ (唯美主义).41.George Bernard Shaw was the greatest writer of ____________—afterShakespeare. He was the writer of _______________ and Mrs. Warren’s Profession.42.______________ was the writer of Sons and Lovers.43.______________ was the writer of Mrs. Dalloway.44.James Joyce was the writer of _____________.45._________________: 2007 winner of Nobel Prize for Literature.Ⅱ. Interpret the following terms. (10′×2=20分)1.The English Renaissance2.Metaphysical poetryⅢ. Answer the following questions. (15′×3=45分)1. In your opinion, why does Satan in Paradise Lost choose the Garden of Eden for his battlefield?Give your reasons in brief words, pay attention to logic and precision.2. Read sonnet 18 answer the following questions.Sonnet 18Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimed;And every fair form fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade.When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions:(1)Who is the author of this sonnet?(2)Write the rhyme scheme of the poem.(3)What is the theme of the poem?(4) What kind of rhetorical devices the author adopted in the sonnet? For eachrhetorical device you list, examples from the poem must be given.3. Illustrate the political satire Jonathan Swift made in Gulliver’s Travells?。
(完整word版)英国文学试题第二学期A
英国文学史及选读试题（A）Name___________________Part I Choose the relevant match from column B for each item in column A:10% Section A（1) Shakespeare a. The Pilgrim's Progress（2） John Bunyan b. King Lear（3） Carle Dickens c。
Jane Eyre（4） Charlotte Bronte d。
Adam Bede(5） George Eliot e. Oliver TwistSection B(1） The merchant of Venice a. Satan(2） Paradise Lost b。
Elizabeth Bennet(3） The History of Tom Jones c。
Portia(4） Pride and Prejudice d. Angel Clare(5) Tess of the D’Urbervilles e。
Sophia WesternSection A: Section B：Part II Give the definitions to the following terms. 20％1.blank verse2.rhyme scheme3.iambic pentameter4.metaphor5.punPart III。
Interpretation （30％）Read the following selections and then answer the questions.（1）SonnetOn His Deceased WifeMethought I saw my late espoused saintBrought to me like Alcestis from the grave，Whom Jove's great son to her glad husband gave，Rescued from death by force though pale and faint。
英国文学试题及答案
英国文学试题及答案英国文学作为世界文学的重要组成部分，以其丰富的内容和独特的魅力吸引着无数读者和学者。
本文将围绕英国文学的一些经典试题进行解析，并提供相应的答案，以帮助学习者更好地理解和掌握英国文学的精髓。
一、选择题1. 威廉·莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》中，主角哈姆雷特的著名独白“生存还是毁灭”出现在第几幕？A. 第一幕B. 第二幕C. 第三幕D. 第四幕答案：C. 第三幕2. 简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》中，达西先生最初对伊丽莎白·班纳特的印象是什么？A. 聪明机智B. 傲慢无礼C. 温柔善良D. 普通平凡答案：B. 傲慢无礼3. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《到灯塔去》中，灯塔象征着什么？A. 希望与指引B. 孤独与隔绝C. 家庭与亲情D. 艺术与创造答案：A. 希望与指引二、简答题1. 请简述查尔斯·狄更斯的《双城记》中，卡顿牺牲自己的生命以救露西的情节及其意义。
答案：在《双城记》的结尾部分，卡顿为了拯救他深爱的露西及其家人，自愿替代露西的丈夫达尼，并接受了死刑。
卡顿的这一行为体现了无私的爱和牺牲精神，他的自我牺牲展示了人性中的高尚与伟大，同时也反映了狄更斯对于社会不公和人性的深刻批判。
2. 描述托马斯·哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》中，苔丝悲剧命运的起因及其对社会的批判。
答案：苔丝的悲剧命运起因于她被亚历克·德伯维尔欺骗失身，之后又因误会而与她真正爱的人安吉尔·克莱尔分离。
哈代通过苔丝的悲剧命运批判了维多利亚时代的道德伪善和对女性的双重标准，揭示了社会对个体命运的残酷影响。
三、论述题1. 分析乔治·奥威尔的《1984》中，对极权主义社会的描绘及其对现代社会的警示意义。
答案：《1984》通过对一个全面监控、言论受限、个人自由被剥夺的极权主义社会的描绘，展示了一个被“大哥”统治的恐怖世界。
奥威尔通过小说对极权主义进行了深刻的批判，警示现代社会警惕政府权力的无限扩张和对个人自由的侵蚀。
(完整word版)英国文学选读课后答案
英国文学选读Poems:Hamlet (Act 3, Scene 1, lines 55-86)生存或毁灭, 这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击, 还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌, 并将其克服。
死即睡眠, 它不过如此!倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患, 那么, 此结局是可盼的! 死去, 睡去...但在睡眠中可能有梦, 啊, 这就是个阻碍: 当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊,在死之长眠中会有何梦来临? 它令我们踌躇, 使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾,否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨, 如暴君之政、骄者之傲失恋之痛、法章之慢贪官之侮、或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之? 还有谁会肯去做牛做马, 终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难, 而不远走高飞, 飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身後之事而使他犹豫不前?此境乃无人知晓之邦, 自古无返者进入我们无法知晓的地域所以,「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光, 像个病夫再之, 这些更能坏大事, 乱大谋, 使它们失去魄力。
Hamlet P81. Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means the end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can’t comeback. If he dies, Hamlet’s can't realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet didn’t know at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2. Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?” People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Conscience and over-considerations. He wants to revenge, but doesn’t know how. He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don’t know the result after their taking the action. Such as Ham let, he doesn’t know what would happen if he kills hisuncle or kills himself. So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P15我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。
西南大学英国文学史及选读试卷及答案
《英国文学史及选读》作业题及答案1：[单选题] Byron wrote the following except ________.A：Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage B：Manfred C：Don JuanD：The Revolt of Islam参考答案：D2：[单选题]Jane Austen's first published novel was ________.A：A. Sense and Sensibility B：B. Emma C：C. Mansfield ParkD：D. Pride and Prejudice参考答案：A3：[单选题] The time setting of The Canterbury Tales is April, or to say the spring, which might signify____.A：A.deathB：B.Chaucer’s birth day C：C.rebirthD：D.the young sun参考答案：C4：[单选题]Among the following, the one who was also an artist of engraving is ________.A：A. Samuel Taylor Coleridge B：B. Robert Burns C：C. William WordsworthD：D. William Blake参考答案：D5：[单选题]William Wordsworth is frequently referred to as ________.A：A. a religious poetB：B. a worshipper of nature C：C. a modernist poetD：D. a worshipper of beauty参考答案：B6：[单选题]The line "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield" is from Tennyson's ______.A：A. Idylls of the King B：B. In Memoriam C：C. MaudD：D. "Ulysses"参考答案：D7：[单选题]The story of The Grass is Singing by Doris Lessing takes place in ______.A：A. Africa B：B. America C：C. AsiaD：D. England参考答案：A8：[单选题]Jane Eyre is first published in _______ by the pseudonym of _______.A：A. 1847; Ellis Bell B：B. 1848; Acton Bell C：C. 1847; Currer BellD：D. 1853; Charlotte Bronte参考答案：C9：[单选题]In "Ode on a Grecian Urn" the references to Tempe and Arcady are ______.A：A. British B：B. Italian C：C. GreekD：D. Persian参考答案：C10：[单选题]Which Greek mythology does the title The Road From Colonus by E. M. Forster refer to?A：A. Oedipus complex B：B. Oedipus and Antigone C：C. Apollo and Daphne D：D. Sphinx参考答案：AThe most successful novel of A. S. Byatt is The Game.Shakespeare wrote 39 playsDickens was a critical realist.Wordsworth said, poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. "To be or not to be" is included in HamletWordsworth, Coleridge and Southey were poets of the Lake School Lyrical Ballads was composed by Wordsworth onlyPope and Johnson were contemporaries.The Spenserian sonnet and the Spenserian stanza are the same.Chaucer was "father of English poetry".1：[单选题]D. H. Lawrence's first novel, ________, was published in 1911.A：A. Sons and Lovers B：B. The White Peacock C：C. The RainbowD：D. The Trespasser参考答案：B2：[单选题]The poetry of Samuel Taylor Coleridge may be characterized by its ________.A：A. plain language B：B. supernatural color C：C. scenes of common lifeD：D. traditional images参考答案：B3：[单选题]Authors and poems are correctly paired in all of the following except ________. A：A. William Wordsworth—“The Solitary Reaper”B：B. William Blake—“A Red, Red Rose”C：C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge—“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”D：D. Robert Burns—“The Tree of Liberty”参考答案：B4：[单选题]Robert Burns came from ________.A：A. England B：B. Wales C：C. ScotlandD：D. Ireland参考答案：C5：[单选题]The central image of "The Tyger” is ________.A：A. hammer B：B. chain C：C. anvilD：D. fire参考答案：A6：[单选题]The setting for "Kubla Khan” is in ________.A：A. England B：B. France C：C. JapanD：D. China参考答案：D7：[单选题] __________ is famous for his satirical style.A：A. Daniel Defoe B：B. Samuel Richarson C：C. Henry FieldingD：D. Jonathan Swift参考答案：D8：[单选题]In addition to The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Defoe also wrote______.A：A. Tom Jones B：B. Pamela C：C. The Adventures of Roderick Random D：D. Moll Flanders参考答案：D9：[单选题]What is the purpose of the speaker in Flea?A：A. to condem the flea who sucked his lover’s bloodB：B. to convince his lover their blood has been mingledC：C. to persuade his lover to accept his loveD：D. to tell his lover killing the flea means self-murder参考答案：C10：[单选题]In Paradise Lost, Milton was unconsciously in sympathy with ____________.A：A. Satan B：B. God C：C. serpentD：D. Adam参考答案：AThe French Lieutenant's Woman is characterized by alternative endings.The 19th-century novelists took the irrational philosophy and Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis as their theoretical base.T. S. Eliot denied the influence of the legend of Holy Grail on The Waste Land.The title The Road From Colonus refers to the Greek myth of Oedipus and Antigone.Complexity, obscurity, symbols, allusion and irony are all characteristics of modernist writings.D. H. Lawrence's attitude towards industrial revolution is not shown very clearly in his works.Samson Agonistes is a drama by John Milton.The French symbolism, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded modernism.The metaphysical poets are characterized by their extensive use of conceit.In "The Rocking-Horse Winner¡± the boy Paul died immediately after he fell off from the rocking-horse. Explain the following two terms:1. Sonnet2. AllusionThe sonnet is one of the poetic forms that can be found in lyric poetry from Europe. The term "sonnet" derives from the Occitan word sonet and the Italian word sonetto, both meaning "little song" or "little sound". By the thirteenth century, it had come to signify a poem of fourteen lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure. The conventions associated with the sonnet have evolved over its history. The writers of sonnets are sometimes referred to as "sonneteers," although the term can be used derisively. One of the best-known sonnet writers is William Shakespeare, who wrote 154 sonnets. A Shakespearean, or English, sonnet consists of 14 lines, each line containing ten syllables and written in iambic pentameter, in which a pattern of an unemphasized syllable followed by an emphasized syllable is repeated five times. The rhyme scheme in a Shakespearean sonnet is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g; the last two lines are a rhyming couplet.2.Allusion means a reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to. An allusion may be drawn from history, geography, literature, and religion.Name the author of each of the following literary works:1. The Canterbury Tales by_______.2. Paradise Lost by________.3. Songs of Innocence by______.4. Pride and Prejudice by_______.5. Tess of the D'Urbevilles______.6. Great Expectations by______.7. Dubliners by________.8. Mrs. Dalloway by_______.9. Lord of the Flies by_______.10. The French Lieutenant's Woman by______.2.Allusion means a reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to. An allusion may be drawn from history, geography, literature, and religion.1：[论述题]What do you think of Mrs. Bennet in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen? How can you characterize her?参考答案：the principal character in a play or story; the central character who serves as a focus for the work’s themes and incidents and as the principal rationale for its development; and one who is opposed to the antagonist.2：[论述题]What is protagonist?参考答案：the principal character in a play or story; the central character who serves as a focus for the work’s themes and incidents and as the principal rationale for its development; and one who is opposed to the antagonist.。
《英国文学简史(刘炳善版)》期末试题及答案A卷(英语本科专业用)
《英国文学简史〔刘炳善版〕》期末试题及答案A卷〔英语本科专业用〕【试题、答题纸、答案俱全，下载即可用】××大学外国语学院英语系期末考试《英国文学简史》试卷 A 卷________级 _______专业 _____班学号___________ 姓名___________ 题号得分ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ总分 You are required to write down all your answers on the sheet.Ⅰ. Multiple choices (50 points, 1 point each)1. The most important work of Alfred the Great is _________, which is regarded as the best monument of the old English prose. A. The Song of Beowulf B. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles C. Brut D. History of the King of Britain2. William Langland’s “_________〞 is written in the form of adream vision. A. Kubla Kan B. Piers the Plowman C. The Dream of John Bull D. Morte d’Arthur 3. In 1066, ________ led the Norman army to invade and defeat England.A.Julius CaesarB. Alexander the GreatC.William the ConquerorD. Claudius4. _________ was the first to be buried in the Poet’s Corner ofWestminster Abbey. A. Keats B. Southey C. Tennyson D. Chaucer 5._________ composed a long narrative poem named “________〞 basedon Boccaccio’s poem “Filostrato〞. A. Shakespeare, Troilus and Criseyde B. Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde C. Chaucer, The House of FameD. Chaucer, The Romaunt of the Rose6. In the following, which word is not French origin?A. porkB. muttonC. vealD. swine7. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development ofEnglish drama. It was _______ who first made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.第 1 页共 20 页【试题、答题纸、答案俱全，下载即可用】A. Robert GreeneB. Edmund SpenserC. Christopher MarloweD. William Shakespeare 8. English Renaissance Period was an age of ______.A. prose and novelB. poetry and dramaC. essays and journalD. ballads and songs9. Great popularity was won by John Lyly’s prose romance _________ which gave rise to the term “euphuism〞, designating an affected style of court speech. A. Cymbeline B. Venus and Adonis C. The Rape of LucreceD. Euhpues10. Which one is not the resource of medieval romance?A. adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of Round TableB. Emperor Charlemagne and his peersC. Alexander the Great and matters of RomeD. The Rising of 138111. “When Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the gentlemen?〞is the sermon of __________. A. Wat Tyler B. John Ball C. Langland D. Thomas Malory12. Which statement about More’s “Utopia〞 is NOT true?A. Book One of “Utopia〞 is a picture of contemporary England with forcible exposure of the poverty among the laboring classes, the greed and luxury among the rich, and an eagerness for war on the part of the rulersB. In Book Two we have a sketch of an ideal commonwealth in some unknown ocean, where prosperity is held in common and there is no poverty.C. “Utopia〞 is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager.D. As a great thinker, More had pointed out that the root of poverty is the privateownership of the social wealth, so he wished to arouse the people to starta revolutionary movement against the ruling classes, which cost his life.13. Chaucer is the first great poet who wrote in the English language, and one of his great contributions is the introduction of the rhymed stanza from France, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter--- _______, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon _________.第 2 页共 20 页【试题、答题纸、答案俱全，下载即可用】A. alliterative verse, heroic couplet;B. heroic couplet, sonnets;C. heroic couplet, alliterative verse;D. alexandrine verse, ballads.14. Among various English versions of Bible, which one is the best?A. John Wycliffe’s Bible;B. William Tyndal’s Bible;C. The King James Bible;D. Miles Coverdale’s Bible.15. Among the so-called “university wits〞, it is _______ thatsatirized William Shakespeare as “an upstart crow〞. A. Peele B. Marlowe, C. Nash D. Greene 16. It is _______ that says of Hamlet, “The courtier’s, soldier’s, scholar’s, eye, tongue, sword; The expectancy and rose of the fair state, The glass of fashion, and the mould of form…〞 (Ⅲ.1.)A. OpheliaB. PoloniusC. ClaudiusD. Gertrude 17. “Hamlet〞, “Othello〞, “King Lear〞, and ________ are calledthe four great tragedies.A. “Romeo and Juliet〞B. “Antony and Cleopatra〞C. “Julius Caesar〞D. “Macbath〞18. Of many contemporaries and successors of Shakespeare, the most important and well-know was __________, who became the first poet laureate in 1616.A. John DrydenB. Samuel JohnsonC. Ben JonsonD. Robert Southey19. In Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner〞, the marinersuffers the horror of death, because __________. A. he experience a ship wreck B. he is tortured with starvation C. he undergoes much sufferingD. he kills an albatross20. _____ is the central concern to Blake’s concern in the “Songs of Innocence〞. A. Woman B. Poetry C. Happiness D. Childhood21. “All is not lost: the unconquerable will, and study of revenge, immortal hate, and courage never to submit or yield: And what is第 3 页共 20 页【试题、答题纸、答案俱全，下载即可用】else not to be overcome?〞 The above “Excerpt〞 comes from _________.A. Dr. FaustusB. Paradise LostC. Paradise RegainedD. Tamburlaine 22. William Wordsworth asserts that poetry originates from _______.A. formB. thoughtsC. artistic devicesD. emotions23. Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Criticism is a didactic _____.A. allegoryB. proseC. poemD. play24. ________ wrote twice “Defense of the English People〞 to reply to the European scholar Salmasius’ latin pamphlet on accusing the regicide by English people.A. John MiltonB. John BunyanC. John DonneD. John Dryden25. “Vanity Fair〞 in _________ “The Pilgrim’s Progress〞 wasquoted later as the title of a critical realism novel “Vanity Fair〞by _________.A. Bunyan’s Walter ScottB. Bunyan’s ThackerayC. Bunyan’s Jane AustenD. Bunyan’s Charles Dickens26. _________, the Poet Laureate, and the author of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy, was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature.A. Alexander PopeB. AddisonC. SteeleD. John Dryden27. The following proverbial maxims, “For fools rush in where angelsfear to tread〞, “To err is human, to forgive, divine〞 and “A little learning is a dangerous thing〞, are from ______ by _____. A. An Essay of Dramatic Poesy, John Dryden B. The Rowley Papers, ChattertonC. Essay on Criticism, Alexander PopeD. The Spectator, Addison28. Lilliput, Bobdingnag, Flying Island, and the country ofHouyhnhnms are scenes in _________ by ________. A. Robinson Crusoe, Defoe B. Gulliver’s Travels, Swift第 4 页共 20 页【试题、答题纸、答案俱全，下载即可用】C. Roderick Random, SmollettD. Tristram Shandy, Sterne 29. In order to criticize the excessive sentimentality and poor ethicsin “Pamela〞 by Richardson, Henry Fielding wrote a novel ________.A. “Joseph Andrews〞B. “Jonathan Wild〞C. “Tome Jones〞D. “Amelia〞30. The first English psycho-analytical novel is _______.A. “Clarissa Harlowe〞B. “Pamela〞C. “Sir Charles Grandison〞D. “Amelia〞31. On the eve of the publication of “Dictionary〞,______ letter to Lord Chesterfield declared the independence of English writers, signifying the end of their reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support.A. Samuel Johnson’sB. John Milton’sC. Adam Smith’sD. Sheridan’s32. The Romantic Age began with the publication of “The LyricalBallads〞 which was written by __________. A. William Wordsworth B. SoutheyC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Wordsworth and Coleridge33. Which poet below doesn’t belong to the Lakers?A. WordsworthB. KeatsC. SoutheyD. Coleridge34. Which works have NOT employed the subjects from the Bible?A. Samson AgonistesB. CainC. Prometheus UnboundD. Paradise Lost35. Shelley wrote an elegy ______ lamenting the premature death of his fellow poet _______.A. Adonais, KeatsB. Hellas, ByronC. The Cenci, HazlittD. Queen Mab, Leigh Hunt 36. “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage〞 was written in the form of_______, while “Don Juan〞 was written in _______. And both were created by a famous romanticist _______. A. Ottava rima, Spenserian stanza, Byron B. Ottava rima, Spenserian stanza, Shelley C. Spenserian stanza, Ottava rima, Byron第 5 页共 20 页。
(完整word版)英国文学史及作品选读习题集
1 Old & Middle English LiteratureⅠ. Essay Questions1. What are the three parts told in the story of Beowulf? How is heroic ideal reflected in Beowulf?2. State the social significance of William Langland’s Piers the Plowman and comment on the poem’s w riting features.3. Compare Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales with old English poetry and the works of other Middle English poets to illustrate that Chaucer is the first realistic writer in English literature.4. What is the function of the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales?Ⅱ. Define the following terms.1. Old English period (the Anglo Saxon period)2. Alliteration3. Prose4. Courtly love5. Morality play6. Couplet7. Meter8. Foot9. Scottish Chaucerians10. Ballad (Popular ballad)11. Middle English period12. Anglo-Norman period13. Arthurian legend14. RomanceⅢ. Fill the blanks.1. The Old English poetry can be divided into two groups: the_____ poetry and the ____ poetry.2. _____ is regarded as the “Father of English Song”, the first known religious poet of England.3. The history of English literature begins in the____ century.4. _____is the most prevailing literary form in the Middle Ages.5. The most magnificent prose work of the 15th century is Morte d’ Arthur concerning with____ legend.6. The only important prose writer in the 15th century is Sir______.7. Critics tend to divide Chaucer’s literary career into three periods: the ____ period, the___ period and the____ period.8. Among the Middle English poets, three are the greatest. One is the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The other two are ____ and ____.9. The Canterbury Tales contains the ____ and 24 tales, two of which left unfinished.10. Chaucer employed the _____ couplet in writing his greatest work The Canterbury Tales.11. The framework in The Canterbury Tales is a ____.12. When Chaucer died on the 25th of October 1400, he was the first to be buried in ____.13. Besides Chaucer, King James I also wrote in verses of seven lines, so this kind of verse came to be called the________14. Compared with Chaucer, “Father of English poetry”, __________ in the 14th century can be called “Father of Scottish Poetry and Scottish History”.15. The ___________is an important stream of the British literature in the 15th century.16. The __________century has traditionally been described as the barren age in English literature.17. Poetry can be classified as narrative or Lyric. Narrative poems stress action, and Lyrics__________.Ⅳ. Choose the best answer.1. Beowulf is a ______ poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribal society.A. paganB. ChristianC. romanticD. lyric2. Caedmon’s life story is vividly described in _____’s Historic Ecclesiastica.A. GrendelB. BedeC. CynewulfD. Beowulf3. The most important work of Alfred the Great is ____, which is regarded as the best monument of the Old English prose.A. The Song of BeowulfB. The Ecclesiastical History of the English PeopleC. Apollonius of TypeD. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles4. In the 14th century, the important writers are the following EXCEPT_______.A. William LanglandB. John GowerC. Thomas MaloryD. Geoffrey Chaucer5. Chaucer Was once influenced by Italian Literature. His major work during this period is _____.A. Troilus and CriseydeB. The Romaunt of the RoseC. The Legend of Good WomenD. The Canterbury Tales6. Chaucer’s active career provided him not only with knowledge but also experiences, which accounted for the wide range of his writings.7. Chaucer’s narrative poem _____ is based on Boccaccio’s poem “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. The Book of the DuchessD. Troilus and Criseyde8. All the following writers belong to the Scottish Chaucerians EXCEPT_______.A. Robert HenrysonB. William DunbarC. Thomas MaloryD. King James I9. In English poetry, a four-line stanza is called____.A. heroic coupletB. quatrainC. Spenserian stanzaD. terza rima10. The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely _______.A. William Langland’s Piers the PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC. J ohn Gower’s Confessio AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightⅤ. Short-answer questions1. What are the main characteristics of Anglo-Saxon literature?2. What are the artistic features of Old English poetry?3. What are the major subjects that the English romance mainly deals with?4. Summarize Chaucer’s literary ca reer and the representative works of each period.5. How many groups do the popular ballads fall into according to the contents or subjects?6. What are the stylistic features of ballads?Ⅵ. Answer the questions according to the following poem.When the sweet showers of April fall and shootDown through the drought of March to pierce the root,Bathing every vein in liquid powerFrom which there springs the engendering of the flower,When also Zephyrus with his sweet breathExhales an air in every grove and healthUpon the tender shoots, and the young sunHis half-course in the sign of the Ram has run,And the small fowls are making melodyThat sleep away the night with open eye(So nature pricks them and their heart engages)The people long to go on pilgrimagesAnd palmers long to seek the stranger strandsOf far-off saints, hallowed in sundry lands,And specially, from every shire’s endIn England, down to Canterbury they wendTo seek the holy blissful martyr, quickIn giving help to them when they were sick.Questions:1. What is expressed in these opening lines of The Canterbury Tales?2. How does the author emphasize the transition from nature to divinity?3. Comment on Chaucer’s contribution of rhymed stanzas.KeysⅠ. Essay questions.1. Structurally speaking, Beowulf is built around three fights. The first part deals with the fight between Beowulf and the monster Grendel that has been attacking the great hall of Heorot, built by Hrothgar, the Danish King. The second part involves a battle between Beowulf and Grendel’s mother, a water-monster, who takes revenge by carrying off one of the king’s noblemen. The last part is about the fight between Beowulf and a firedrake that ravages Beowulf’s kingdom.Beowulf is a pagan poem concerned with the heroic ideal of kings andkingship in North Europe. Battle is a way of life at that time. Strength and courage are basic virtues for both kings and his warriors. The king should protect his people and show gentleness and generosity to his warriors. And in return, his warriors should show absolute obedience and loyalty to the king. By praising Beowulf’s wisdom, strength and courage, and by glorifying his death for his people, the poem presents the heroic ideal of a king and his good relations to his warriors and people.2.Piers the Plowman remains a classic in popular literature. It was very popular throughout the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries. It praises the poor peasants, and condemns and exposes the sins of the oppressors. It played an important part in arousing the revolutionary sentiment on the eve of the Rising of 1381 headed by Wat Tyler and John Ball. It is a realistic picture of medieval England. But Piers is not a representative of the poor peasants. He is one of the well-to-do peasants. He has no intention of upsetting the feudal order of society, and he accepts the existing social relations. This is the limitation of the poem.Writing features:(1) Piers the Plowman is written in the form of a dream vision. The author tells hisstory under the guise of having dreamed it.(2) The poem is an allegory which relates truth through symbolism.(3) The poem uses indignant satire in his description of social abuses caused by thecorruption prevailing among the ruling classes, ecclesiastical and secular. (4) The poem is written in alliteration.3. The vast bulk of Old English poetry is specifically Christian, devoted to religious subjects. More importantly, it is almost all in the heroic mode due to the great influence of the heroic ideal, i.e. Beowulf is the ideal of kingly behavior. The idealized hero figures predominantly in Old English literature. Middle English romance generally concerns the knight. It makes liberal use of the improbable, ofte4n of the supernatural. Religious writing reflects the unchanging principles of medieval Christian doctrine, which looked to the world to come for the only answer to men’s troubles. William Langland’s Piers the Plowman reflects the great religious and social issues of his day, yet it is written in the form of a dream vision. It is Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales.4. The General Prologue is usually regarded as the great portrait gallery in English literature. It is largely composed of a series of sketches differing widely i8n length and method, and blending the individual and the typical in varying degrees. The purpose of the General Prologue is not only to present a vivid collection of character sketches, but also to reveal the author’s intention in bringing together a great variety of people and narrative materials to unite the diversity of the tales by allotting them to a diversity of tellers engaged in a common endeavour, to set the tone for the story-telling-one of jollity which accords with the tone of the whole work: that of grateful acceptance of life, to make clear the plan for the tales, to motivate the telling of tales and introduce the pilgrims and the time and occasion ofthe pilgrimage. The pilgrims are people from various parts of England. They serve as the representatives of various sides of life and social groups. Each of the pilgrims or narrators is presented vividly in the Prologue. Ranging in status from a knight a humble plowman, the pilgrims are a microcosm of 14th-century English society. On the other hand, there is also an intimate connection between the tales and the Prologue, both complementing each other. The Prologue provides a framework for the tales.Ⅱ. Define the following terms.1.Old English period (the Anglo-Saxon period): The Old English Period, extended from the invasion of Celtic England by Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes) in the first half of the fifth century to the conquest of England in 1066 by the Norman French under the leadership of the seventh century did the Anglo-Saxons, whose earlier literature had been oral, begin to develop a written literature.2. Alliteration: alliteration is the repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. The term is usually applied only to consonants, and only when the recurrent sound begins a word or a stressed syllable within a word.3. Prose: Prose is an inclusive term for all discourse, spoken or written, which is not patterned into the li8nes either of metric verse or free verse.4. Courtly love: It is a doctrine of love, together with an elaborate code governing the relations betwe4en aristocratic lovers, which was widely represented in the lyric poems and chivalric romances of western Europe during the Middle Ages.5. Morality play: Morality plays are medieval allegorical plays in which personified human qualities acted and disputed, mostly coming from the 15th century. They developed into the interludes, from which it is not always possible to distinguish them, and hence had a considerable influence on the development of Elizabethan drama.6. Couplet: A couplet is a pair of rhymed lines that are equal in length.7. Meter: Meter is the recurrence, in regular units, of a prominent feature in the sequence of speech-sounds of a language.8. Foot: A foot is the combination of a strong stress and the associated weak stress or stresses which make up the recurrent metric unit of a line. The relatively stronger-stressed syllable is called, for short, “stressed”; the relatively weaker-stressed syllables are called “light,” or most commonly, “unstressed”. The four standard feet distinguished in English are: (1) Iambic (the noun is “iamb”): an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. (2) Anapestic (the noun is “anapest”):two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable. (3)Trochaic (the noun is “trochee”): a stressed syllable. (4) Dactylic (the noun is “dactyl”):a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables.A metric line is named according to the number of feet composing it: Monometer: one footDimeter: two feetTrimester: three feetTetrameter: four feetPentameter: five feetHexameter: six feetHeptameter: seven feetOctameter: eight feet9. Scottish Chaucerians: The name is traditionally given to a very diverse group of 15th-and 16th- century Scottish writers who show some influence from Chaucer, although the debt is now regarded as negligible or indirect in most cases.10. Ballad (popular ballad): Ballad is also known as the folk ballad or traditional ballad. It is a song, transmitted orally, which tells a story. Ballads are thus the narrative species of folk songs, which originate, and are communicated orally, among illiterate or only partly literate people.11.Middle English period: The four and a half centuries between the Norman Conquest in 1066, which effected radical changes in the language, life, and culture of England, and about 1500, when the standard literary language had become recognizably “modern English”, that is similar to the language we speak and write today.12. Anglo-Norman period: The span from 1100 to 1350 is sometimes discriminated as the Anglo-Norman Period, because the non-Latin literature of that time was written mainly in Anglo-Norman, the French dialect spoken by the invaders who had established themselves as the ruling class of England, and who shared a literary culture with French-speaking areas of mainland Europe.13. Arthurian legend: It is a group of tales (in several languages) that developed in the Middle Ages concerning Arthur, semi-historical king of the Britons and his knights. The legend is a complex weaving of ancient Celtic mythology with later traditions around a core of possible historical authenticity.14. Romance: It is a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. The name refers to Romance languages and originally denoted any lengthy composition in one of those languages. Later the term was applied to tales specifically concerned with knights, chivalry, and courtly love. The romance and the epic are similar forms, but epics tend to be longer and less concerned with courtly love. Romances were written by court musicians, clerics, scribes, and aristocrats for the entertainment and moral edification of the nobility. Popular subjects for romances included the Macedonian King Alexander the Great, King Arthur Charlemagne. Later prose and verse narratives, particularly those in the 19th-century romantic tradition, are also referred to as romances; set in distant or mythological places and times, like most romances they stress adventure and supernatural elements.Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks.1. secular, religious2. Caedmon3. 5th4. Romance5. Arthurian6. Thomas Malory7. French, Italian, English 8. William Langland, Geoffrey Chaucer 9. General Prologue 10. Heroic11. pilgrimage 12. Westminster Abbey13. rhyme royal 14. John Barbour15. popular ballad 16. 15th17. songsⅣ. Choose the best answer.1. A2. B3. D4. C5. A6. C7. D8. C9. B 10. BⅤ. Short-answer questions.1. Anglo-Saxon literature is almost exclusively a verse literature in oral form. It was passed down by word of mouth from generation to generation. Most of its creators are unknown. There are two groups of English poetry in Anglo-Saxon period. The first group is the pagan poetry represented by Beowulf, the second is the religious poetry represented by the works of Caedmon and Cynewulf.2. (1) The use of alliteration. Each full line has four stresses with a number ofunstressed syllables, three of which begin with the same sound or letter.(2) The use of vivid poetic diction and parallel expressions for a single idea, suchas the sea is called” swan-road” or “whale-path”. A soldier is called “shield-bearer”, “battle-hero” or “whale-path”. A soldier is called “shield-bearer”,” battle-hero” or “spear-fighter, etc.3. The English romance mainly deals with three major subjects: the “Matter of France”, the “Matter of Ro me”, and the “Matter of Britain”.The “Matter of France” means a collection of tales about Charlemagne, the mighty ruler of France and neighbouring countries around 800 A.D., and his peers and their wars against the Saracens.The “Matter of Rome” covers ev erything from the ancient Romans and the Greeks. Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia and conqueror of Greece, Egypt, India and Persian Empire is the favorite hero of this group. Beside this, Trojan War is also dealt with in this group.The “Matter of Br itain” means the legendary history of Britain. It mainly deals with the exploits of King Arthur and his knights.4. Chaucer’s literary career is usually divided into 3 periods: the French period, the Italian period and the mature period.The French period refers to the period of French influence (1359-1372). During this period Chaucer wrote his earliest work: the Romaunt of the Rose, a free translation of a 13th-century French poem and his first important original work, The Book of the Duchess.The Italian period refers to the period of Italian influence (1372_1386), especially of Dante and Boccaccio. During this period, Chaucer mainly wrote three longer poems using the heroic stanza of seven lines: The House of Fame, Troilus and Criseyde, The Legend of Good Women.The mature period refers to the period when Chaucer had reached full maturity in his literary creation. His masterpiece The Canterbury Tales was produced in this period in which the heroic couplet was used.5. According to the contents or subjects, popular ballads can divided into different groups. A number of ballads narrating incidents on the English-Scottish border areknown as “Border Ballads”, which deal with bloody battles fought on the border of English and Scotland.Another important group of ballads is the series of 37 ballads of different lengths in Child’s collection, which tell of the wonderful deeds of Robin Hood, the famous outlaw, and his men. Most ballads do have a love or love-triangle theme. Sometimes love is present in a tender, romantic, even sentimental way.The fourth group is the sea ballads concerning sailors. The best-known is Sir Patrick Spens.Quite a few ballads are presented with themes of the domestic life, particularly of the relations between different members of a family. Unnatural relations such as murder and treachery are not infrequently appearing in this group.6. (1) Its simple language. The simplicity is reflected both in the verse form and thecolloquial expressions. By making use of a simple, plain language of the common people, the ballad leaves a strong dramatic effect to the reader.(2) The priority of the ballad is the story which deals only with the culminatingincident or climax of a plot.(3) Most of the ballads are quasi-historical, such as the ballad “Judas” and “RobinHood” ballad.(4) Ballads also tell their stories in a highly characteristic way; they are intenselydramatic. To strengthen the dramatic effect of the narration, ballads also make full use of hyperbole; actions and events are much exaggerated.(5) Music has and important influence on the ballads.(6) Using of refrains and other kinds of repetitions.Ⅵ. Answer the questions according to the following poem.1. The magnificent eighteen-line sentence that opens the General Prologue is a superb expression of a double view of the Canterbury pilgrimage. The first eleven lines are a chant of welcome to the spring with its harmonious marriage between heaven and earth which mellows vegetations, pricks foul and stirs the heart of man with a renewing power of nature. Thus, the pilgrimage is treated as an event in the calendar of nature, an aspect of the general springtime surge of human energy which wakens man’s love of nature. But spring is also the season of Easter and is allegorically regarded as the time of the Redemption through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ with its connotations of religious rebirth which wak ens man’s love of God (divine love). Therefore, the pilgrimage is also treated as and event in the calendar of divinity, an aspect of religious piety which draws pilgrims to holy places.2. The structure of this opening passage can be regarded as one from the whole Western tradition of the celebration of spring to a local event of English society, from natural forces in their general operation to a specific Christian manifestation. The transition from nature to divinity is emphasized by contrast between the physical vitality which conditions the pilgrimage and the spiritual sickness which occasions the pilgrimage, as well as by parallelism between the renewal power of nature and the restorative power of supernature (divinity).3. Chaucer introduced various rhymed stanzas to English poetry to replace the Old English alliterative verse. He first introduced into English octosyllabic couplet andthe rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the heroic couplet. And in The Canterbury Tales, he employed the heroic couplet with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.。