2015年山东大学考博英语部分试题及参考答案详解
2015年山东大学考博英语部分试题 完形填空 A recent poll indicated that half the teenagers in the United States believe that communication between them and their parents is__1__and further that one of the prime causes of this gap is __2__listening behavior. As a(an)__3__ in point，one parent believed that her daughter had a severe__4__problem. She was so __5__that she took her to an audiologist to have her ear tested. The audiologist carefully tested both ears and reported back to the parent：“There‘s nothing wrong with her hearing. She’s just __6__you out.” A leading cause of the __7__divorce rate(more than half of all marriages end in divorce)is the failure of husbands and wives to __8__effectively. They don‘t listen to each other. Neither person__9__to the actual message sent by the other. In __10__fashion，political scientists report that a growing number of people believe that their elected and __11__officials are out of__12__with the constituents they are supposedly __13__. Why?Because they don‘t believe that they listen to them. In fact，it seems that sometimes our politicians don’t even listen to themselves. The following is a true story：At a national__14__conference held in Albuquerque some years ago，then Senator Joseph Montoya was__15__a copy of a press release by a press aide shortly before he got up before the audience to__16__ a speech. When he rose to speak，__17__the horror of the press aide and the__18__of his audience，Montoya began reading the press release，not his speech. He began，“For immediate release. Senator Joseph M. Montoya，Democrat of New Mexico，last night told the National……”Montoya read the entire six-page release，__19__ with the statement that he“was repeatedly __20__by applause.” 1.[A] scarce [B] little [C] rare [D] poor 2.[A] malignant [B] deficient [C] ineffective [D] feeble 3.[A] case [B] example [C] lesson [D] suggestion 4.[A] audio [B] aural [C] hearing [D] listening 5.[A] believing [B] convinced [C] assured [D] doubtless 6.[A] turning [B] tuning [C] tucking [D] tugging 7.[A] rising [B] arising [C] raising [D] arousing 8.[A] exchange [B] interchange [C] encounter [D] interact 9.[A] relates [B] refers [C] responds [D] resorts 10.[A] like [B] alike [C] likely [D] likewise 11.[A] nominated [B] selected [C] appointed [D] supported 12.[A] connection [B] reach [C] association [D] touch 13.[A] leading [B] representing [C]delegating [D] supporting 14.[A] legislative [B] legitimate [C] legalized [D] liberal 15.[A] distributed [B] awarded [C] handed [D] submitted 16.[A] present [B] publish [C] deliver [D] pursue 17.[A] to [B] with [C] for [D] on 18.[A] joy [B] enjoyment [C] amusement [D] delight 19.[A] conclude [B] to conclude [C] concluding [D] concluded 20.[A] disrupted [B] interfered [C] interrupted [D] stopped
阅读理解 第一篇 I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction(区别)and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near. Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices. 1 When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” in the writing process, he means . A．one cannot use them at the same time B．they cannot be regarded as equally important C．they are in constant conflict with each other D．no one can be both creative and critical 2 What prevents people from writing on is . A．putting their ideas in raw form B．ignoring grammatical soundness C．attempting to edit as they write D．trying to capture fleeting thoughts 3 What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing? A．To organize one’s thoughts logically. B．To get one’s ideas down. C．To choose an appropriate topic. D．To collect raw materials. 4 One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that . A．it overstresses the role of the creative mind B．it does not help them to think clearly C．it may bring about too much criticism D．it takes too much time to edit afterwards 5 In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process? A．It allows him to sit on the side and observe. B．It helps him to come up with new ideas. C．It saves the writing time available to him. D．It improves his writing into better shape.
15中科院考博英语部真题
词汇（无）完型（网络上找到的原文，试题没有这么长，压缩了。
划线部分为虫友考后忆起的待选空及答案）In the last post, we discussed why fabrication and falsification are harmful to scientific knowledge-building. The short version is that if you’re trying to build a body of reliable knowledge about the world, making stuff up (rather than, say, making careful observations of that world and reporting those observations accurately) tends not to get you closer to that goal.Along with fabrication and falsification, plagiarism is widely recognized as a high crime against the project of science, but the explanations for why it’s harmful generally make it look like a different kind of crime than fabrication and falsification. For example, Donald E. Buzzelli (1999) writes:[P]lagiarism is an instance of robbing a scientific worker of the credit for his or her work, not a matter of corrupting the record. (p. 278)Kenneth D, Pimple (2002) writes:One ideal of science, identified by Robert Merton as ―disinterestedness,‖ holds that what matters is the finding, not who makes the finding. Under this norm, scientists do not judge each other’s work by reference to the race, religion, gender, prestige, or any other incidental characteristic of the researcher; the work is judged by the work, not the worker. No harm would be done to the Theory of Relativity if we discovered Einstein had plagiarized it…[P]lagiarism … is an offense against the community of scientists, rather than against science itself. Who makes a particular finding will not matter to science in one hundred years, but today it matters deeply to the community of scientists. Plagiarism is a way of stealing credit, of gaining credit where credit is not due, and credit, typically in the form of authorship, is the coin of the realm in science. An offense against scientists qua scientists is an offense against science, and in its way plagiarism is as deep an offense against scientists as falsification and fabrication are offenses against science. (p. 196)Pimple is claiming that plagiarism is not an offense that undermines(zqc2849) the knowledge-building project of science per se. Rather, the crime is in depriving other scientists of the reward they are due for participating in this knowledge-building project. In other words, Pimple says that plagiarism is problematic not because it is dishonest, but rather because it is unfair.While I think Pimple is right to identify an additional component of responsible conduct of science besides honesty, namely, a certain kind of fairness to one’s fellow scientists, I also think this analysis of plagiarism misses an important way(whj19890715) in which misrepresenting the source of words, ideas, methods, or results can undermine the knowledge-building project of science.On the surface, plagiarism, while potentially nasty to the person whose report is being stolen, might seem not to undermine the scientific community’s evaluation(zqc2849) of the phenomena. We are still, after all, bringing together and comparing a number of different observation reports to determine the stable features of our experience of the phenomenon. But this comparison often involves a dialogue as well. As part of theknowledge-building project, from the earliest planning of their experiments to well after results are published, scientists are engaged in asking and answering questions about the details of the experience and of the conditions under which the phenomenon was observed.Misrepresenting someone else’s honest observation report as one’s own strips the report of accurate information for such a dialogue. It’s hard to answer questions about the little, seemingly insignificant experimental details of an experiment you didn’t actually do, or to refine a description of an experience someone else had. Moreover, such a misrepresentation further undermines the process of building more objective knowledge by failing to contribute the actual insight of the scientist whoappears to be contributing his own view but is actually contributing someone else’s. And while it may appear that a significant number of scientists are marshaling their resources to understand a particular phenomenon, if some of those scientists are plagiarists, there are fewer scientists actually grappling with the problem than it would appear.In such circumstances, we know less than we think we do.Given the intersubjective route to objective knowledge, failing to really weigh in to the dialogue may end up leaving certain of the subjective biases of others in place in the collective ―knowledge‖ that results.Objective knowledge is produced when the scientific community’s members work with each other to screen out subjective biases. This means the sort of honesty required for good science goes beyond the accurate reporting of what has been observed and under what conditions. Because each individual re port is shaped by the individual’s perspective, objective scientific knowledge also depends on honesty about the individual agency actually involved in making the observations. Thus, plagiarism, which often strikes scientists as less of a threat to scienti fic knowledge (and more of an instance of ―being a jerk‖), may pose just as much of a threat to the project of producing objective scientific knowledge as outright fabrication.What I’m arguing here is that plagiarism is a species of dishonesty that can un dermine the knowledge-building project of science in a direct way. Even if what has been lifted by the plagiarist is ―accurate‖ from the point of view of the person who actually collected or analyzed the data or drew conclusions from it, separating this contribution from its true author means it doesn’t function the same way in the ongoing scientific dialogue.In the next post, we’ll continue our discussion of the duties of scientists by looking at what the positive duties of scientists might be, and by examining the sources of these duties.阅读：Passage One（无）Passage Two – Passage Five同2009.3 （Passage One – Passage Four)六选五：第一篇（无）第二篇（同2014.3六选五Passage One）翻译：Our best college students are very good at being critical. In fact being smart, for many, means being critical. (1) Having strong critical skills shows that you will not be easily fooled. It is a sign of sophistication, especially when coupled with an acknowledgment of one’s own “privilege.”The combination of resistance to influence and deflection of responsibility by confessing to one’s advantages is a sure sign of one’s ability to negotiate the politics of learning on campus. But this ability will not take you very far beyond the university. Taking things apart, or taking people down, can provide the satisfactions of cynicism. But this is thin gruel. The skill at unmasking error, or simple intellectual one-upmanship, is not totally without value, but we should be wary of creating a class of self-satisfied debunkers — or, to use a currently fas hionable word on campus, people who like to ―trouble‖ ideas.(2) In overdeveloping the capacity to show how texts, institutions or people fail to accomplish what they set out to do, we may be depriving students of the chance to learn as much as possible from what they study.In campus cultures where being smart means being a critical unmasker, students may become too good at showing how things can’t possibly make sense.(3) They may close themselves off from their potential to find or create meaning and direction from the books, music and experiments they encounter in the classroom.(4) Once outside the university, these students may try to score points by displaying the critical prowess for which they were rewarded in school, but those points often come at their own expense. As debunkers, they contribute to a cultural climate that has little tolerance for finding or making meaning — a culture whose intellectuals and cultural commentators get ―liked‖ by showing that somebody else just can’t be believed. But this cynicism is no achievement.Liberal education in America has long been characterized by the intertwining of two traditions: of critical inquiry in pursuit of truth and exuberant performance in pursuit of excellence. (5)In the last half-century, though, emphasis on inquiry has become dominant, and it has often been reduced to the ability to expose error and undermine belief. The inquirer has taken the guise of the sophisticated (often ironic) spectator, rather than the messy participant in continuing experiments or even the reverent beholder of great cultural achievements.作文：大意：常言道“富不过三代”，你怎么看？。
山东省专升本英语真题2015年
山东省专升本英语真题2015年山东省专升本英语真题2015年第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力理解Part Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will he asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.Short Conversations1、 A. John's cottage is similar to Paul's.B. John's cottage is much newer than Paul's.C. John's cottage is much older than Paul's.D. John's cottage is as old as Paul's.2、 A. 55 minutes. B. 40 minutes. C. 45 minutes. D. 35 minutes.3、 A. Watch TV at home. B. Eat in a restaurant and then seea movie.C. Go anywhere.D. Prepare for tomorrow's exam.4、 A. A shop assistant. B. A post office clerk.C. A waitress.D. An air stewardess.5、 A. Going to New Mexico. B. Going to the wedding party.C. Going to Arizona.D. Going to the museum.6、 A. A repairman. B. A doctor.C. A salesman.D. A postman.7、 A. In a hotel. B. At a reception desk.C. At a supermarket.D. At a tailor's shop.8、 A. The woman isn't sure when the train will arrive.B. The train was caught in an accident.C. The train may arrive at 9:15.D. The train will not arrive.Long Conversation 1Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9、 A. To ask for advice. B. To blame the doctor.C. To chat with a friend.D. To make an appointment.10、 A. Parents should tell their kids honesty is vital.B. Parents should set a good model.C. Parents should value honesty a lot.D. Parents should praise their kids for telling the truth.11、 A. Open up a dialogue. B. Ask them why they have lied.C. Place blame.D. Acknowledge their feelings.12、 A. Keep a cool head in the first place.B. Tell them if they lie again, they will be punished.C. Punish their children.D. Tell them you don't believe them any more.Long Conversation 2Questions 13 to 14 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13、A. She didn't help John in the test.B. Professor Smith talked to her about her score.C. She told Professor Smith that John cheated in the test.D. She failed in the economics test.14、 A. John cheated in the test.B. George passed the economics test.C. The woman failed in the economics test.D. Professor Smith knew that somebody cheated in the test.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 2 passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15、 A. Starting a family. B. Table manners.C. Growing up.D. Dining out.16、 A. It was the first time he was called "Mister".B. It was the first time his parents treated him as an adult.C. It was the first time he behaved as an adult before his parents.D. It was the first time he took his parents out for dinner.17、A. Parents usually regard their children as grown-ups when they reach13.B. The waiter usually places the bill in the middle of the table.C. The speaker's father used to pay their restaurant bills.D. The family used to go to a restaurant for dinner when they got together. Passage TwoQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18、A. Relatives. B. Former classmates. C. Neighbors. D. Colleagues.19、 A. When Rhonda invited her to tea.B. When the speaker took Rhonda to a movie,C. When they visited the zoo together,D. When they took a trip abroad together.20、 A. When Rhonda shared joy in her accomplishments,B. When Rhonda came to her help when she was in need.C. When she gave up her plans to help Rhonda.D. When she refused to take Rhonda's advice.第二部分：词汇和语法结构Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the center.21、 She tries her best to ______ the changes in fashion.A. keep up withB. put offC. come up withD. go by22、 If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get ______.A. troubledB. mistakenC. confusedD. interfered23、 We can ______ with people in most parts of the world bytelephone.A. communicateB. tellC. relateD. connect24、 The book tells us about the author's life ______ about his writings.A. alsoB. as much asC. as well asD. as well25、 I got a splitting headache. It kept me ______ the whole night.A. wakenB. awareC. awakeD. waking26、 I'd like to ______ a special seat for the concert of May 5.A. serveB. reserveC. preserveD. conserve27、The students of this university complain about traffic noises which ______ them when they are having classes.A. disturbB. interruptC. preventD. interfere28、 Mary ______ her bag at the first sight by seeing its color.A. identifiedB. toldC. knewD. claimed29、The picture ______ me of the days when t spent my childhood in the countryside.A. remindedB. collectedC. rememberedD. recalled30、Over the years my father had gradually ______ a collection of precious stamps.A. collectedB. gatheredC. accumulatedD. absorbed31、 It was hard work, but they ______ to it and got the job done.A. adjustB. followC. continueD. stuck32、This article ______ more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching and learning.A. calls forB. allows forC. cares forD. applies for33、 Although buses are ______ to depart at a certain hour, they are often late.A. scheduledB. obligatedC. requestedD. loaded34、What ______ to him is whether the job allows him to pursue his studies.A. mattersB. happensC. refersD. applies35、A smart appearance makes a ______ impression at an interview.A. favorableB. favoredC. favoriteD. favoring36、 Mary ______ like to surf the Internet. She often spends hours on line.A. didB. doesC. doD. is37、She pretended not ______ indifferent but her facial expression betrayed her.A. to beB. beingC. beD. been38、 We have to get the road repaired ______.A. no matter how much does it costB. no matter how much costs itC. no matter how much it costsD. no matter it costs how much39、 She said that the doctor must have got stuck in a traffic jam; otherwise he ______ by then.A. would arriveB. would have arrivedC. should arriveD. must have arrived40、 Mr. Smith insisted that the work ______ finished by the end of April.A. beB. had beenC. wasD. were41、 The person ______ I complained is the supervisor.A. whomB. to whomC. whoD. to who42、 Dr. John ______ be in Paris because I met him in town just now.A. mayB. can'tC. might notD. may not43、Michael liked the carving very much, which cost him $2000. However, he would gladly have paid ______ for it.A. as twice muchB. much as twiceC. as much twiceD. twice as much44、 Only when she had accomplished the task ______ that she had made a mistake.A. did she realizeB. she then realizedC. she realizedD. before she realize45、I find it hard to imagine a time when ______ to solve.A. no problems will be thereB. there will be no problemsC. no problems there will beD. there no problems will be46、 When we arrived at the airport, the plane ______.A. already took offB. took off alreadyC. had already taken offD. has already taken off47、 "Would you like to go out for a picnic?" "Yes, it's ______ day!"A. so a beautifulB. so beautifulC. such beautifulD. such a beautiful48、 She grabbed me ______ and pulled me out of the taxi.A. a armB. an armC. by the armD. the arm49、 I know Mike is slow at understanding, but we should be patient ______ him.A. forB. withC. atD. about50、 He is studying diligently ______ he should fall behind.A. for fear thatB. so thatC. unlessD. before第三部分：阅读理解Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centerPassage OneMany a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there's a big difference between being a writer and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "You've got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer, 1 had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found for me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn't even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediatelybought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn't got a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that I barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn't going to be one of those people who died wondering. What if I would keep putting my dream to test (even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure). This is the shadow-land of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.51、 The passage is meant to ______.A. warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experienceB. encourage young people to pursue a writing careerC. show young people it is unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealthD. advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer52、 What can be concluded from the passage? ______A. A writer's success depends on luck rather than on effort.B. Genuine writers often find their work interesting and rewarding.C. Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation.D. The chances for writers to become successful are small.53、Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career? ______A. He found his dream would never come true.B. He hadn't seen a change for the better.C. He wasn't able to have a rest for a whole year.D. He was not able to produce a single book.54、 In Line 13 "...people who died wondering", "who" refersto those ______.A. who think a lot without making a decisionB. who regret giving up their career halfwayC. who think too much of the dark side of lifeD. who are full of imagination even upon deathPassage TwoStudents can travel in the United States without spending too much money ifthey follow these suggestions.A travel agent can give you information on special economy fares for trains, buses and planes. Think about hiking or biking for a part of your trip, too. You'll not only save money, but you'll also see a lot more of the country. Some students may want to travel by car. Be sure to think about going with other students—many colleges have "ride boards" that list when and where other students plan to travel. Many radio stations provide the same sort of service—they announce who's driving where, when, how many riders they will take and what the expenses will be.There are many inexpensive, older hotels near bus or train stations. Check your travel guide for names of the best. Many parts of the country also have youth hostels where young people can stay for only a few dollars a night. You don't have to eat in restaurants all the time, but we don't recommend a diet of candy and cola, either. You can usually get a healthy, cheap breakfast in a restaurant. If the weather is warm. you can buy food in supermarkets or at roadside stands and have a picnic for lunch. For dinner you can get the names of good, cheap restaurants from travel guides or friends.55、 The passage tells students ______.A. how to get help while travelingB. how to make travel plansC. how to use less money while travelingD. how to choose hotels56、 To see more of the country, you'd better travel ______.A. by planeB. by, trainC. by busD. by bike57、 According to the passage, staying at youth hostels is ______.A. cheapB. enjoyableC. comfortableD. convenient58、 To save money, you can ______.A. eat in restaurants sometimesB. invite your friends for a picnicC. take some food with youD. have more candy and colaPassage ThreeEmily Dickinson was a nineteenth-century American woman who lived her life completely unknown to anyone except her family and a few friends. Less than a dozen of her poems were published during her lifetime. In spite of this, she is regarded today as a great poet, perhaps the greatest poet the United States has produced. Along with the Greek poet Sappho, she may be one of the two greatest women poets who have ever lived.Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830, in a small Massachusetts town called Amherst. Hers was an old family; her ancestors had come to the United States 200 years before. Herparents were not really rich, but they were certainly not poor. She had an older brother, Austin, and a younger sister, Lavinia. Her parents seem to have been rather withdrawn people, and the members of the family spent a good deal of time by themselves. She doesn't seem to have liked her mother very much. She spoke once of never really having a mother. She was educated at the local Amherst Academy and Mount Holyoke Women's Seminary. Although she was sometimes described as pretty, she never married. In all outward respects, her life appeared to be rather boring.The time and place in which she lived was not a good one for a woman artist to succeed. Women are expected to be obedient to men and to remain in their place at home. Rather than waste her life in the meaningless round of social events that were open to women, she decided at some point to retreat from the world in order to write her poetry. From then on, she spent a great deal of time in her bedroom writing. In later years when she was standing in front of her bedroom door, she looked at her niece and said, "It's just a turn-and freedom, Mary!" It was when she closed the door of her room and turned thekey that locked the door that the most important and creative hours of her life were spent, the hours when she wrote her poetry. She was regarded as a recluse by many of her neighbors, that is, as a person who spent a good deal of time by herself.59、According to the author, who is the greatest woman poet in America? ______A. Both Sappho and DickinsonB. Emily DickinsonC. SapphoD. Not mentioned60、 Women in Emily Dickinson's time ______.A. are regarded as reclusesB. are expected to be obedient to menC. spend most of their time in social eventD. are expected to retreat from the world61、 Emily Dickinson's ancestors came to the United States in around ______.A. 1630B. 1830C. 1730D. 193062、 Which of the following statement is NOT true? ______A. It is quite likely that Emily Dickinson didn't like her mother.B. Emily Dickinson regarded being locked in her room as "freedom".C. She is well-known in her lifetime and is still regarded as a great poet now.D. Her parents seem to have been rather withdrawn people, and they spent a good deal of time with their family members.Section BDirections: Match the Chinese sentences in the left column with the English in the right column, and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.A. The happiest people don't necessarily have the best things; they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.B. Though we had put forward a proposal to reduce cost, the board members did never appear to take it seriously.C. The perspective of the country lies on the education of the younger generation, to a large extent.D. It's great fun to take pictures, and even more fun to relive the entire trip back home by showing slides to friends and relatives.63、国家的前途很大程度上取决于年轻一代的教育。
2015年山东专升本公共英语真题与答案解析
2015年山东省普通高等教育专升本统一考试第I卷第一部分：听力理解(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Part I Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section you will hear10questions.The questions will be spoken only once.After each question,there is a pause.During the pause,you should decide on the proper response from the4choices marked A),B),C)and D)given in your test paper.Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Short Conversations1.A)John’s cottage is similar to Paul’s.B)John’s cottage is much newer than Paul’s.C)John’s cottage is much older than Paul’s.D)John’s cottage is as old as Paul’s.,2. 3.A)55minutes.B)40minutes.C)45minutes.D)35minutes.A)Watch TV at home.C)Go anywhere.B)Eat in a restaurant and then see a movie.D)Prepare for tomorrow’s exam.C)A waitress.4. 5. 6. 7.A)A shop assistant.B)A post office clerk.A)Going to New Mexico.D)An air stewardess.C)Going to Arizona.B)Going to the wedding party.A)A repairman.D)Going to the museum.B)A doctor.C)A salesman.D)A postman.A)In a hotel.B)At a reception desk.D)At a tailor’s shop.C)At a supermarket.8.A)The woman isn't sure when the train will arrive.B)The train was caught in an accident.C)The train may arrive at9:15.D)The train will not arrive.Long Conversation1Questions9to12are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A)To ask for advice.B)To blame the doctor.C)To chat with a friend.D)To make an appointment.10.A)Parents should tell their kids honesty is vital.B)Parents should set a good model.C)Parents should value honesty a lot.D)Parents should praise their kids for telling the truth.11.A)Open up a dialogue.C)Place blame.B)Ask them why they have lied.D)Acknowledge their feelings.12.A)Keep a cool head in the first place.B)Tell them if they lie again,they will be punished.C)Punish their children.D)Tell them you don’t believe them any more.Long Conversation2Questions13to14are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A)She didn’t help John in the test.B)Professor Smith talked to her about her score.C)She told Professor Smith that John cheated in the test.D)She failed in the economics test.14.A)John cheated in the test.B)George passed the economics test.C)The woman failed in the economics test.D)Professor Smith knew that somebody cheated in the test.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear2passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage One1Questions15to17are based on the passage you have just heard.15.A)Starting a family.B)Table manners.C)Growing up.D)Dining out.16.A)It was the first time he was called“Mister”.B)It was the first time his parents treated him as an adult.C)It was the first time he behaved as an adult before his parents.D)It was the first time he took his parents out for dinner.17.A)Parents usually regard their children as grown-ups when they reach13.B)The waiter usually places the bill in the middle of the table.C)The speaker’s father used to pay their restaurant bills.D)The family used to go to a restaurant for dinner when they got together. Passage TwoQuestions18to20are based on the passage you have just heard.18.A)Relatives.B)Former classmates.C)Neighbors.D)Colleagues.19.A)When Rhonda invited her to tea.B)When the speaker took Rhonda to a movie.C)When they visited the zoo together.D)When they took a trip abroad together.20.A)When Rhonda shared joy in her accomplishments.B)When Rhonda came to her help when she was in need.C)When she gave up her plans to help Rhonda.D)When she refused to take Rhonda's advice.Part II Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.21. She tries her best to ____the changes in fashion.A) keep up with C) come up with B) put offD) go by22. If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get____;A) troubled C) confused B) mistakenD) interfered23. We can ____with people in most parts of the world by telephone.A) communicate B) tell C) relate 24. The book tells us about the author ’s life _____about his writings.A) also B)as much as C) as well as D)as well25. i got a splitting headache. It kept me ____the whole night. D)connectA) waken 26. I'd like to ____ a special seat for the concert of May 5.A) serve B) reserve C) preserve B) aware C)awake D) wakingD) conserve them27. The students of this university complain about traffic noises which_____when they are having classes.A) disturbD) interfere28. Mary ______ her bag at the first sight by seeing its color.A) identified B) interrupt C) prevent B) told C)knew D)claimed29. The picture _____ me of the days when I spent my childhood in the countryside.A) reminded C) remembered D) recalled30. Over the years my father had gradually ______ a collection of precious stamps.B) collected A) collected 31. It was hard work, but they _____to it and got the job done.A) adjust B) gathered C)accumulated D)absorbedB)follow C)continue D)stuck32. This article ______ more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language Teaching and learning.A)calls for D) applies for33. Although buses are to depart at a certain hour, they are often late.A) scheduled B) obligated C) requested D) loaded34. What _____ to him is whether the job allows him to pursue his studiesA) matters 35. A smart appearance makes a ______impression at an interview.B) allows for C) cares for B)happens C)refers D)appliesA) favorable 36. Mary _____ A) did B)favored C)favorite D)favoringlike to surf the Internet. She often spends hours on line.B)does C)do D)is37. She pretended not ______ indifferent but her facial expression betrayed her.A) to be B) being C) . be D) been38. We have to get the road repairedA)no matter how much does it costB)no matter how much costs itC)no matter how much it costsD)no matter it costs how much39. She said that the doctor must have got stuck in a traffic jam; otherwise he______ by then.A) would arrive B) would have arrived C) should arrive D) must have arrived40. Mr. Smith insisted that the work ______ finished by the end of April.A) be 41. The person ________ I complained is the supervisor.A) whom B) to whom C) who42. Dr. John _____ be in Paris because I met him in town just now.A) may B) can ’t C) might not B) had been C) was D) wereD) to whoD) may not 43. Michael liked the carving very much, which cost him $2 000. However, he would gladly have paid _______for it.A) as twice much 44. Only when she had accomplished the task_______that she had made a mistake.A) did she realize B) she then realized C) she realized D) before she realize45. I find it hard to imagine a time when _______to solve. B)much as twice C) as much twice D)twice as muchA) no problems will be there C) no problems there will be B) there will be no problemsD) there no problems will be46. When we arrived at the airport, the plane _______. A) already took offB) took off already C) had already taken off D) has already taken off47.“Would you like to go out for a picnic?”“Yes, it ’s _____ day!”A)so a beautiful C)such beautiful B)so beautiful D)such a beautiful48.She grabbed me_______and pulled me out of the taxi.A)a arm B)an arm C)by the arm D)the arm49.I know Mike is slow at understanding,but we should be patient_______him.A)for B)with C)at D)about50.He is studying diligently________he should fall behind.A)for fear that B)so that C)unless D)before第三部分：阅读理解（本大题共20小题，51—60小题，每小题2分；61一62小题，每小题3分，共30分）Part3Reading Comprehension Section ADirections:There are3passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.Choose the,best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneMany a young person tells me he wants to be a writer.I always encourage such people,but I also explain that there's a big difference between being a writer and writing.In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame，not the long hours alone at a typewriter.“You’vegot to want to write,” I say to them,“not want to be a writer.，’The reality is that writing is a lonely,private and poor-paying affair.For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded.When I left a 20-year career in the U.S.Coast Guard to become a freelance writer,I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found for me my room in a New York apartment building.It didn't even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom.I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.After a year or so,however,I still hadn't got a break and began to doubt myself.It was so hard to sell a story that I barely made enough to eat.But I knew I wanted to write.I had dreamed about it for years.I wasn't going to be one of those people who died wondering.What if I would keep putting my dream to test(even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure). This is the shadow-land of hope,and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.51.The passage is meant to_______.A) B) C)warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience encourage young people to pursue a writing careershow young people it is unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealthD)advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer52.What can be concluded from the passage?A) B) C) D)A writer’s success depends on luck rather than on effort. Genuine writers often find their work interesting and rewarding. Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation.The chances for writers to become successful are small.53.Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career?A) B) C) D)He found his dream would never come true. He hadn't seen a change for the better.He wasn't able to have a rest for a whole year. He was not able to produce a single book.54.In Line13“...people who died wondering”，“who” refers to those.A) B) C) D)who think a lot without making a decision who regret giving up their career halfway who think too much of the dark side of life who are full of imagination even upon deathPassage TwoStudents can travel in the United States without spending too much money if they follow these suggestions.A travel agent can give you information on special economy fares for trains,buses and planes.Think about hiking or biking for a part of your trip,too.You‘ll not only save money,but you'll also see a lot more of the country.Some students may want to travel by car.Be sure to think about going with other students—many colleges have'‘ride boards” that list when and where other students plan to travel.Many radio stations provide the same,sort of service—they announce who’s driving where,when,how many riders they will take and what the expenses will be.There are many inexpensive, older hotels near bus or train stations. Check your travel guide for names of the best. Many parts of the country also have youth hostels where young people can stay for only a few dollars a night.You don't have to eat in restaurants all the time, but we don?t recommend a diet of candy and cola, either. You can usually get a healthy, cheap breakfast in a restaurant. If the weather is warm, you can buy food in supermarkets or at roadside stands and have a picnic for lunch. For dinner you can get the names of good, cheap restaurants from travel guides or friends.55. The passage tells students ______ .A) B) C) how to get help while travelinghow to make travel planshow to use less money while travelingD) how to choose hotels56. To see more of the country, you ’d better travel ______. A) by plane B) by train C) by bus D) by bike57. According to the passage, staying at youth hostels is ________ .A) cheap C) comfortableD) convenient58. To save money, you can _______ . B) enjoyable A) eat in restaurants sometimes C) take some food with you B)invite your friends for a picnicD) have more candy and colaPassage ThreeEmily Dickinson was a nineteenth-century American woman who lived her life completely unknown to anyone except her family and a few friends. Less than a dozen of her poems were published during her lifetime. In spite of this, she is regarded today as a great poet, perhaps the greatest poet the United States has produced. Along with the Greek poet Sappho, she may be one oi the two greatest women poets who have ever lived.Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830, in a small Massachusetts town called Amherst. Hers was an oid family; her ancestors had come lo the United States 200 years before. Her parents were not really rich, but they were certainly not poor. She had an older brother, Austin, and a younger sister, Lavinia. Her parents seem to have been rather withdrawn people, and the members of the family spent a good deal of time by themselves. She doesn ’t seem to have liked her mother very much. She spoke once of never really having a mother.She was educated at the local Amherst Academy and Mount Holyoke Women ’ s Seminary. Although she was sometimes described as pretty, she never married. In all outward respects, her life appeared to be rather boring.The time and place in which she lived was not a good one for a woman artist to succeed. Women are expected to be obedient to men and to remain in their place at home. Rather than waste her life in the meaningless round of social events that were open to women, she decided at some point to retreat from the world in order to write her poetry. From then on, she spent a great deal oftime in her bedroom writing. In later years when she was standing in front of her bedroom door, she looked at her niece and said,“It ’s just a turn-and freedom, Mary!” It was when she closed the door of her room and turned the key that locked the door that the most important andcreative hours of her life were spent,the hours when she wrote her poetry.She was regarded as a recluse by many of her neighbors,that is,as a person who spent a good deal of time by herself.59.According to the author,who is the greatest woman poet in America?A)Both Sappho and Dickinson C)Sappho B)Emily Dickinson D)Not mentioned60.Women in Emily Dickinson’s time______.A)are regarded as reclusesB) C)are expected to be obedient to men spend most of their time in social eventD)are expected to retreat from the world61.Emily Dickinson's ancestors came to the United States in around.A)1630B)1830C)1730D)193062.Which of the following statement is NOT true?A) B) C)It is quite likely that Emily Dickinson didn't like her mother.Emily Dickinson regarded being locked in her room as“freedom”.She is well-known in her lifetime and is still regarded as a great poet now.D)Her parents seem to have been rather withdrawn people,and they spent a good deal of time with their family members.Section BDirections: Match the Chinese sentences in the left column with the English in the right column, and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 63.国家的前途很大程度上取决于年 A) The happiest people don ’t necessarily have the best things; they just make the most ofeverything that comes along their way.轻一代的教育。
2015年北化工考博英语预测模拟试题及解析-育明考博
2015年北化工考博英语预测模拟试题及解析词汇部分1. I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were_______.A.hung upB.hung backC.cut downD.cut off参考答案：D解析：正确答案选D。
(A) hung up："把……挂起来，挂断电话"。
(B)hung back："犹豫；踌躇不前"。
(C)cut down："砍倒"。
(D)cut off："突然中断，切断，打断"。
(B)、(C)与原句意思较远，应立即排除。
(A)虽可作"挂断电话"解，但是通常指双方通话期间，其中一方把电话挂断。
本句的后半句是"we are---"，显然在双方通话期间，没有任何一方把电话挂断，而是外来因素(如：接线员)把"我们的通话突然中断了。
"(D)符合句意，应填(D)。
2. She wondered if she could have the opportunity to spend _______here so that she could learn more about the city.A.sometimesB.some timeC.sometimeD.some times参考答案：B解析：正确答案选B。
(A) sometimes："有时"。
(B)some time："一些时间"。
(C)sometime："以前的，一度的，前任的"。
(D)some times："在某些场合，不时"。
从句意上看，应填(B)。
全句的意思是：她不知道她是否有机会在此处花一些时间以便使她更多了解这个城市的情况。
（ＰＳ：The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba ;QQ:wu si qi ling liu san ba liu er）3. Ms. Breen has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be _______with everyone who comes to the store.A.acceptedB.admittedC.admiredD.acquainted参考答案：D解析：正确答案选D。
(完整word版)2015年山东春季高考英语试题及答案word版
2015年山东省普通高校（春季）考试英语试题卷一(选择题, 共50分)一、英语知识运用（本题30个小题，每小题1分，共计30分）1. ----Hi, Tom. ?---- Fine, thanks. And you?A. How are youB. How do you doC. What are you doingD. Who are you2. ----What’s the young lady like at the school gate?---- .A. She is a teacherB. She is 18C. She is beautifulD. She is a friend of mine3. The more you practice, you will be.A. betterB. bestC. the bestD. the better4. ---- Oh! We’ve just missed the 7 o’clock bus·---- . The next bus will come in half an hour.A. Excuse meB. Don’t worryC. Have funD. With pleasure5. It’s very cold outside. You’d better your coat.A. have onB. wearC. put onD. dress6. ---- May I look at your new camera?---- . Here you are. My mother bought it for me last week·A. Of courseB. Good ideaC. Thank youD. I’m sorry7. ---- Please send my Christmas to your grandparents.---- I will. Thank you.A. greetB. greetingC. greetingsD. greets8. ---- Don’t too late, or you will feel tired in class tomorrow.---- I won’t, Mom.A. stay upB. put upC. wake upD. pick up9. ---- Can you help me carry the box upstairs?---- . A. Thanks a lot B. With pleasure C. You’d better not D. Yes, please10. ---- First let me introduce myself. I’m Bill Cart from Canada.---- . A. I’m very sorry B. Nice to meet you C. It’s a pleasure D. Nothing special11. ---- Could you tell me the way the post office?---- Walk straight ahead and turn left at the first crossing.A. forB. onC. atD. to12. ---- Have you ever been to the Great Wall?---- Yes. I there last year.A. wentB. have goneC. have beenD. go13. ---- Are you ready to order, sir?----- .A. Not at allB. Yes, sit down pleaseC. Sorry, I have no timeD. Yes, a sandwich and a beef14. ---- useful advice the teacher gave us!---- Yes, it has helped us a lot.A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a15. you have dreams, something nice will happen.A. UnlessB. As long asC. AlthoughD. As if16. ---- Lovely weather, isn’t it? How about playing football with us?---- . But thanks anyway.A. All rightB. Sorry, I can’tC. That sounds greatD. Don’t mention it17. He doesn’t know he should accept his friend’s suggestion or not.A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. if18. ---- I’m sorry, I forgot to bring your book.---- .A. No, thanksB. My pleasureC. It doesn’t matterD. I’d love to19. ---- I’ve got high marks in English exam.----Well done, Lily. Your parents must be with you.A. satisfyB. satisfiedC. satisfyingD. satisfaction20. ---- The weather report says there will be a storm tomorrow.---- . I planned to go climbing with my classmates.A. What a pity!B. I’m afraid so.C. Sounds good.D. I hope so21. ---- How much should I for this dictionary?---- 120 yuan.A. costB. take C spend D. pay22. Computers in our daily life nowadays.A. will useB. are usedC. have usedD. were used23. ---- Mary, what about the fried chicken?---- It tastes nice, it’s bad for you to eat too much.A. butB. and C or D. so24. ---- Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?---- . I prefer milk.A. BothB. EitherC. NoneD. Neither25. ---- Mr. Wang isn’t a teacher, is he?---- . He’s taught in our school for 5 years.A. No, he isB. No. he isn’tC. Y es, he isD. Yes, he isn’t26. On weekends, everything in this supermarket is sold at a 5％.A. payB. saleC. accountD. discount27. ---- Do you know where the sales department is?---- It’s on floor.A. nineB. ninthC. the ninthD. a ninth28. Everybody should do something to save water, for it is in the world.A. uselessB. limitedC. rich D convenient29. ---- Is this the school your best friend is studying?---- Yes, it’s a famous school in our country.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. whose30. ---- Congratulations! Y ou have won the first prize in the English contest.---- . A. Enjoy yourself. B. Thank you C. Good idea D. Good luck二、阅读理解(本题10个小题，每小题2分，共20分)AEveryone has a dream. No matter whether your dream comes true, you’ll never give it up. The students are talking about their dreams. Let’s share some of them.Li Ming (Hunan)：I’m 15. Now I'm studying English in London. I want to invent a language machine that can help me understand many languages.Wu Dong (Guangdong)：I’m a 12-year-old boy. I like traveling very much. How I wish to visit the moon some day!Wang Hao (Sichuan)：I’m 16. Before the earthquake on May 12th, 2008, I wanted to be a news reporter. But now I want to be a doctor in the future. I’d like to help all the sick people.Joma (Tibet)：I’m a 14-year-old girl in Tibet. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been built. I’ll be able to reach Beijing by train in about 48 hours. My dream is to go to Beijing to watch National Flag Raising Ceremony.Wei Hua (Beijing)：I’m 13 years old. I want to invent a machine. It can send things or people from one place to another place far away in a minute．31. What is Li Ming’s dream?A. To invent a language machine.B. To visit the moon.C. To be a doctor.D. To be a news reporter.32. Whose dream is to invent a machine?A. Wu DongB. Wang HaoC. JomaD. Wei Hua33. People in Tibet can get to Beijing in about 48 hours now.A. by trainB. by busC. by planeD. by ship34. Which statement is NOT true?A. Li Ming is studying English in LondonB. Wei Hua comes from Tibet.C. Wu Dong likes traveling.D. Joma wants to go to Beijing.35. The topic of the passage should be “ “.A. A DoctorB. My DreamC. An English TeacherD. Introduce YourselfBMore and more people like cycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that’s why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost! Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighborhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. Y ou can cycle to work and benefit from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don’t even have to ride all the way.Folding (折叠式) bikes work well for people who ride the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. Y ou can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers.Health Benefits of Cycling：●It helps to prevent heart diseases.●It helps to control your weight.●It can improve your mood.●It is healthier than driving.36. From the passage, we know that cycling is becoming very .A. surprisingB. boringC. popularD. expensive37. When you are riding your bicycle around your neighborhood, you can .A. pollute the environme nt aroundB. find something you didn’t noticeC. find it difficult to park your bikeD. not benefit from cycling38. If you travel with a folding bike, it can .A. be carried onto an airplane if permittedB. be taken onto a trainC. be packed in a suitcaseD. all the above39. Which is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Cycling can help to protect the environment.B. Cycling can improve your mood.C. Safety rules of Cycling.D. You may lose weight by cycling．40. The writer wants to tell us .A. we should cycle more instead of driving carsB. driving cars is healthier than riding bikesC. riding a bike pollutes your neighborhoodD. common bikes are welcomed by all airlines卷二(非选择题，共30分)三、根据情景内容补全对话(本题10个空，每空只填一词，每词1分，共10分)41. ---- May I have your ?---- Just call me John。
2015山东高考英语试题及答案
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I ）英语注意事项：1。
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题）和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1 页至10 页，第Ⅱ卷11 页至13 页。
2。
答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。
4. 第Ⅰ卷听力部分满分30 分,不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。
5。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分)做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分7。
5 分)（略)听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A，B,C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？A。
£ 19.15 B。
£ 9.18 C.£ 9。
15答案是C。
1.What time is it now?A。
9：10 B。
9:50 C.10：002。
What does woman think of the weather？A。
It's nice B.It’s warm C.It’s cold3。
What will the man do?A。
Attend a meeting B。
Worth taking C。
Very easy4. What is the woman's opinion about the course?A。
Too hard B。
Worth taking C.Very easy5. What does the woman want the man to do?A.Speak louder。
B.Apologize to her C。
2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案详细解析
2015年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）试题考试时长：180分钟总分：100分Section I Use of English :Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as ―related‖ as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, ―Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.‖The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_‖functional Kinship‖ of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people‘s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ―kings don‘t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.‖ Bu t embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, mona rchs can rise above ―mere‖ politics and ―embody‖ a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs‘ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe‘s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who h as preserved the monarchy‘s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service –as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy‘s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats‘ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility‘s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals ―have most to fear‖ because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California‘s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California‘s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information —is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect‘s purse. The court has ruled that police don‘t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one‘s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee‘s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of ―cloud computing,‖ meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution‘s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is th e case, stating that principle doesn‘t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California‘s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution‘s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects‘ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check sus pects‘ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author‘s attitude toward California‘s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The a uthor believes that exploring one‘s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one‘s residence.[B] handling one‘s historical records.[C] scanning one‘s correspondences.[D] going through one‘s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens‘ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr‘s c omparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California‘s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.―Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,‖ writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal‘s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: ―The creation of the ‗statistics board‘ was motivated by concerns br oadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science‘s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.‖Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to ―play primarily an advisory role.‖ He agreed to join because he ―found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.‖John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the polic y is ―a most welcome step forward‖ and ―long overdue.‖ ―Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,‖ he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, ―engaging reviewe rs who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process‖. V aux says that Science‘s idea to pass some papers to statisticians ―has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‗the papers that need scrutiny‘ inthe first place‖.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase ―flagged up‖ (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science‘s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers‘ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors‘ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch‘s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the ―unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions‖ Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only ―sorting mechanism ‖in society should be profit and the market .But ―it‘s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not pr ofit ‖.Driving her point home, she continued: ―It‘s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.‖ This same absence o f moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today‘s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for whathappens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies‘ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books‘s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or ―true‖ meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______Such backgrou nd material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn‘t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn‘t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author‘s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organ ization or patterning we perceive in a text‘s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen,Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.―To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.‖ said one recorder of events, ―The air at twelve leagues‘ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.‖ The colonists‘ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)A手机时代的聚会2015年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）参考答案及详细解析I cloze1.【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
山东大学2015年考博英语基础阶段复习指导
中国考博辅导首选学校山东大学2015年考博英语基础阶段复习指导现在开始到今年6月份之前是考博的基础夯实阶段，在这个阶段结束之前同学要完成2015考博英语备考前期的三件事——背过大纲要求的核心词汇至少3遍，掌握考博英语要求的基本语法和长难句的分析方法，2002年至2011年的真题至少做过一遍，并对其中至少20篇文章进行了精读。
要在此期间高效完成以上的复习重点，同学需要运用正确的复习方法：1、制定切实可行的复习计划。
从现在开始，大家每天要保证3小时左右的英语复习时间。
建议大家设定计划时，既要能够约束自己、督促自己的学习，同时又需要留有一些弹性空间，便于自己严格按照每天的计划推进复习进度。
同学可以以周为单位，每周一制定本周每天的学习计划，计划制定好之后，要严格要求自己按计划完成每天的复习功课。
在制定计划时要注意，第二天要安排先把前一天的学习重点复习一遍，再开始新内容的复习。
英语的复习要循序渐进、日积月累，切勿某一段时间完全不复习或者某几天突击，只学习不休息。
2、合理利用辅导班和学习资料。
同学切忌有“报了班就可以把考博重任交托给老师或辅导机构”的想法。
辅导班上老师的教学可以为大家引导正确的复习方向，教给大家行之有效、提高分数的做题方法，从而使我们的复习事半功倍。
但是同学需要在课下不断复习老师教授的知识和方法，并在自己的阅读和做题中进行运用，真正掌握知识，把老师教的内容变成自己的技能。
这样，才能利用辅导班达到最大化的复习效果。
至于学习资料，切忌多而不精，最好、最宝贵的资料莫过于真题，大家一定要充分挖掘真题中的知识要点，真正掌握，使真题物尽其用。
学有余力的同学还可以看看真题的同源文章阅读，拓展自己的知识面。
除真题外，单项内容的提高各项只要一本书足矣，大家可以选择我们文都的课程配套图书，例如《考博英语历年真题精析——命题剖析与复习指导》、刘一男老师的《词汇速记指南》、何凯文老师的《考博英语必考词汇》、《长难句解密》、《同源外刊时文精析》等。
[考研类试卷]2015年山东大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc
[考研类试卷]2015年山东大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 We'll be very careful and keep what you've told us strictly______.（A）private（B）rigorous（C）mysterious（D）confidential2 Before every board meeting, it is customary for the ______of the previous meeting to be read out.（A）minutes（B）precis（C）notes（D）protocol3 He was barred from the club for refusing to______with the rules.（A）conform（B）abide（C）adhere（D）comply4 Although the heavy rain stopped, it was at least an hour later that the flood beganto______.（A）retire（B）recede（C）recline（D）retreat5 That ancient car of his is a______joke among his friends.（A）steady（B）standing（C）settled（D）stable6 They threw petrol onto the bonfire and the sudden______lit up the whole garden. （A）glow（B）twinkle（C）spark（D）flare7 The human voice often sounds______on the telephone.（A）twisted（B）irregular（C）distorted（D）deformed8 I always feel he has a______against me, although I don't know what wrong I've done him.（A）grudge（B）grumble（C）grunt（D）groan9 It's harmful to one's health to______smoking and drinking.（A）take on（B）take to（C）take in（D）take down10 Teachers like students to be______and listen to what they are saying.（A）absorbed（B）attentive（C）prudent（D）watchful11 Those naughty boys were punished because they were caught ______flowers in the garden.（A）steal（B）to steal（C）stealing（D）to have stolen12 Miss Smith returned home quite late that night only______someone had broken into her garage and stolen her car.（A）finding（B）to find（C）having found（D）to have found13 He______live in the countryside than in the city.（A）would rather（B）had better（C）may as well（D）prefers14 ______as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.（A）Being published（B）Published（C）Publishing（D）To be published15 A newspaper______will sometimes be distributed free with newspaper. （A）complement（B）supplement（C）compliment（D）implement16 She______her personal trouble to her mother.（A）conferred（B）confided（C）confessed（D）confined17 The novel is so popular that there is no one in our class______likes to read it. （A）who（B）that（C）as（D）but18 The sailors on a ship are a______.（A）crew（B）team（C）staff（D）gang19 It is not correct to say a pack of______.（A）cards（B）lies（C）hounds（D）cows20 A car broken down in the middle of the road is______.（A）an obstacle（B）an obstruction（C）a hindrance（D）a difficulty二、Reading Comprehension20 The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the "how to" aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the "how to" material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice, such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting , but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous researcharticles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.21 The main idea of the first paragraph is that______.（A）generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism（B）importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing（C）concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing（D）personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews22 Much research has been done on interviews in general______.（A）so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened（B）though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn't received much attention （C）but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected（D）and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing 23 Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, ______.（A）but most of them wish to stay away from it（B）and many of them hope to be interviewed some day（C）and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it（D）but most of them may not have been interviewed in person24 Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?（A）The patient.（B）The physician.（C）The journalist.（D）The psychologist.25 The passage is most likely a part of______.（A）a news article（B）a journalistic interview（C）a research report（D）a preface25 Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that's not what I did.I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn't even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came herefor more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren't studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering "factories" where they didn't care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.Now I'm not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile engineering with liberal-arts courses in college. The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don't mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together <u>they</u> threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.26 The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university becausehe______.（A）intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals（B）wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality（C）intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist（D）wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college27 According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can______.（A）broaden their horizons（B）become noble idealists（C）receive guidance in their careers（D）balance engineering and the liberal arts28 In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected______.（A）to be imaginative with a value system to guide him（B）to be a technical genius with a wide vision（C）to have an excellent academic record（D）to be wise and mature29 The author's experience shows that he was______.（A）creative（B）irrational（C）ambitious（D）unrealistic30 The underlined word "they" in "...together they threaten to confuse."(Para. 5)refersto______.（A）practicality and rationality（B）engineering and the liberal arts（C）reality and noble ideals（D）flexibility and a value system30 Half a century ago a radio astronomer called Frank Drake thought of a way to calculate the likelihood of establishing contact with aliens. He suggested the following figures should be multiplied; how many stars are formed in the galaxy in a year; what fraction of these have planets and thus form solar systems; the average number of planetsper solar system that have the potential to support life; on what percentage of those where it is possible do such biospheres actually form; what percentage of such biospheres give rise to intelligent species; what percentage of intelligent life is able to transmit signals into space; and for how long could such intelligence keeps sending signals.This calculation became celebrated as the Drake equation—perhaps the best attempt so far to tame a wild guess. Most of the terms remain hard to tie down, although there is a consensus that about ten stars are formed per year in the galaxy. Also, recent searches for extrasolar planets have concluded that planets are not rare.At the AAAS, Dr Drake reflected on his search for alien signals. One reason this is hard is that radio telescopes must chop the spectrum into fine portions to study it, like tuning into a signal on a car radio. Another is the trade off between a telescope's field of view and its magnification. Small telescopes see a lot of sky but can detect only strong signals. Large ones, which can detect weak signals, have a narrow focus. Astronomers therefore have difficulty looking both carefully and comprehensively.Dr Drake said there may be another difficulty. Researchers tend to look for signals similar to those now made by humanity. The Earth, though, is getting quieter because the rise of spread-spectrum communication makes stray emissions less likely than in the past. Spread-spectrum works by smearing a message across a wide range of frequencies. That has the advantages of combating noise and allowing many signals to be sent at once. But it also makes those signals hard for eavesdroppers to hear(which is why spread-spectrum is beloved by military men). If technologically sophisticated aliens came to the same conclusions, and thus used spread-spectrum technology, humans would have a hard time hearing them. Dr Drake suggests, therefore, that there might be only a narrow window of time in the development of civilizations, analogous to the past 50 years on Earth, during which noisy electromagnetic signals are generated in large amounts.It is, however, also possible that someone is actively trying to send signals to the Earth. If that were the case, the best way to do this, reckons Paul Horowitz, a physicist at Harvard, is with a laser.Although radio power has changed little over the decades, the power of lasers has grown exponentially. Today's most powerful versions can shine ten thousand times brighter than the sun, though only for a billionth of a second. If aliens have made similar progress, and point a laser towards the Earth's solar system, such brief flashes would be detectable at a distance of many light-years . Dr Horowitz has already set up one suitable detector and this, because no huge magnification is involved, is capable of looking at broad swathes of sky.There is also potential for improvement on the radio side. For many years, the Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico, which is 300 metres across, has led the search for alien life. Now the Chinese are building a 500-metre telescope, known as FAST, in Guizhou province, and an international collaboration called the Square Kilometer Array is trying, as its name suggests, to build a grid of radio-telescopes over a square kilometer of land ineither South Africa or Australia. Both may be helpful. As indeed may a large new telescope in northern California built by Paul Allen, a co-founder of Microsoft.Many of the terms in the Drake equation are likely to remain elusive, so it is still impossible to predict how likely such efforts are to succeed. But even after 50 fruitless years — if the eagerness in the eyes of Dr Drake and his colleagues is any guide — it still is fun looking.31 What is Drake equation?32 What difficulties are there in scientists' search for alien lives through radio waves?32 In most of the earliest books for children, illustrations were an afterthought. But in the Calde-cott "toy books"(named after the British illustrator Randolph Caldecott), which first appeared in 1878, they were almost as important as the lines of text, and occupied far more space in the book. One can almost read the story from the dramatic action in the pictures.Since then, thousands of successful picture books have been published in the United States and around the world. In the best, the words and illustrations seem to complement each other perfectly. Often a single person is responsible for both writing and illustrating the book. One of the greatest, and certainly one of the most successful, illustrator-authors was Dr. Seuss, whose real name was Theodore Ceisel. His first children's book, And to Think That I saw It on Mulberry Street, hit the market in 1937, and the world of children's literature was changed forever. Seuss's playful drawing were a perfect complement to his engaging stories and unforgettable characters. In 1957, Seuss's The Cat in the Hat became the first book in Random House's best-selling series, Beginner Books, written by Seuss and several other authors. These combine outrageous illustrations of people, creatures, and plants, and playful stories written in very simple language.(The Cat in the Hat, for example, uses only 250 words, which is an estimate of the number of words that a six-year-old can read.)Dr. Seuss is not the only well-known author-illustrator, of course. There is Max Sendak, who wrote and illustrated Where the Wild Things Are, the story of a little boy named Max who became king of the fierce(but funny)creatures that live in the Land of the Wild Things. Robert McClosky produced both the richly textured illustrations and the delightful story of a family of ducks living in downtown Boston, Make Way for Ducklings. Some books are produced by a collaborative author-artist team. Author Margaret Wise Brown combined with illustrator Clement Hurd to produce two delightful books loved by very young children, Goodnight Moon and The Runaway Bunny. Another example is the husband-and-wife team of writer Audrey Wood and illustrator Don Wood, who were responsible for King Bidgood's in the Bathtub and The Napping House.Wordless and nearly wordless picture books have also become popular. With a little help, three- and four-year-olds can follow the sequence of events, and they can understand the stories suggested in them. The marvel of books with few or no words is that they allow children and their parents the opportunity to tell and retell the same stories over and over in their own words. One of the most charming examples of a wordless book is Jan Omerod's Sunshine. Barbara Berger's Grandfather Twilight and David Weisner's Tuesday are examples of books containing only a few words.U. S. publishers have also drawn on illustrations from other countries whose original, imaginative works have brought their different visions to American children's books. Among them are Leo Lionni from Italy, Feodor Rojankovsky from Russia, and Taro Yashimi from Japan.33 What is the function of illustration in children's books?34 What is the strength of children's picture books with fewer words?35 Summarize in your own words some representative author-illustrators and their masterpieces.三、Writing36 Some people think that public museums and art galleries are not needed because people could see historical objects and works by using computers. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Write a composition of about 400 words on your view of the topic.。
医学考博英语题库【历年真题级详解(2015~2016年)】【圣才出品】
2016年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解试卷一（Paper One）Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question aboutwhat is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear thequestion, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Now let’s begin with question number 1.1. A. At ten next Wednesday.B. At three next Wednesday.C. At ten next Monday.D. At three next Monday.【答案】B【解析】录音中护士一开始问男病人下个星期一上午十点有空吗？病人说只有下午三点有空，接下来护士确认了最后的时间为下个星期三的三点，故正确答案为B项。