中国电视收视年鉴2019-中国2018年全国电视收视市场市场份额(%)排名前十五位的频道统计
爱华COD说明书
2019年6月A级真题及答案解析
art I I..J i st eni11g C.01n p r c l1e11s10[20 minut e s] Directions: This part is to test your lis砌ing ability. It consfats of 4 sections.Section 1-\Directions: T h is section is to test you1书ability to understand s加rt dialogues. The re are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each di啦gue,t加re is a recorded question. Both the dialogues·andquestions wil l be spok勿i only once. When you hear a question, you s加uld decide on thecon·ect answ研介01n t加4clwices marked AJ, BJ, CJ and DJ given in your test p a per.Then you s加uld mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Example: You will he吓You而U read: A) New York City. CJ An air trip.BJ An evening party. DJ The man's job.肝om t加dialogue we learn that the man is to take a flight to New York. Therefore, C) An air trip is the co灯ect answer. You sho讥d mark CJ on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the cen阮.Now the test will begin.1.A) Prepare the docurnen区B)Book a room for the meeting.2.A) He is going to a party.B)He is making a plan.3.A) The job is interesting.B)The enviromnent is friendly.4.A) The labour cost has risen.B)The income tax has gone up.5.A) Lowering the product price.B)Conducting a market sUIVey.Section B[A][B]伺[D]C)沁k all the managers to attend the meeting.D)Make several copies of the meeting agendaC)He likes to go to the cinema.D)He can't attend the lecture.C)The salary is attractive.D)The colleagues are nice.C)The management cost is on the rise.D)The raw material is in short SUJ:>ply.C)Making a promotion plan.D)Improving the product design.Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recorded questions. Both theconversations and questions will be spoken two times: When you hear a question, youshould decide on加correct answer from the 4 choices marked AJ, BJ, CJ and DJ given inyour比st paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the center. Now listen to the conversations.C o n ver s ation 16.A) He is away on business.B)He is having a meeting.7.A) His flight has been cancelled.B)He has to meet his lawyer.C)He is visiting a client.D)He is on sick leave.C)He was iltjtrred in an accident.D)He is suffering from a fever.8.A) HoldiJ.1g a telephone meetiI1g instead.B)Having it at the s扣ne time next Monday.C m we r sa t io n 29.A) Book a taxi.B)Reser v e a room.10.A) I廿s p邸spmt number.B)His friend's ad由ess.S e ctio C)AE,ldng their assistants to attend it.D)Putting it off until next month.C)Order breal<fast for him.D)Keep things for his friend.C)His room number and email address.D)His friend's name and phone number.Directions: In this section you will hear a recorded short passage. The passage is printed in the比st paper, but with some words or phrases missing. The passage will be re呱two times. Youare requi1攻ed to put the missing words or phrases on the Answer Sheet in order of thenumbered blanks according to what you hear. Now the passage will begin.We are now about to close th�marketing conference. We owe thanks to every member of staff who made the conference a 11 . We would like to thank all of the speakers who have made 12 and impressive speeches. Our thanks also go to every one of you for your contriputions and your appreciation. The energy and the enthusiasm surrounding this conference have been 13 . And now we'll go back··t o our business and put'those 14 into action. It's time to get back to start working on the ne}..1: phase. All customers are out there waiting for us to 15 .Section DD irections: This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages. You will hear a recordedpassage. After that you will加ar five questions. Both the passage and the questions will beread two _times. When you胧ar a question, you should complete t加answer to it with aword or a short phrase (in no more than 3 words). The questions and incomplete answersare printed in your test paper. You should write your answers on the Answer Sheet correspondingly. Now listen to t如passage.16.,¥hat should you think carefully about before renting a car?The you need.17.How can you get a best deal and save money when renting a car?B y offered by different cru·rental companies.18.V.'hy are you advised to have the car rental company's phone number?In case you need to19.W血should you remember to do if you are returning the car to an airpo兀?Remember to to check in to yo田flight.20.Why should you fill the gas ta nk before rett1rning the car?To save you extra fuel andPart II S tructure 日0minut e s] Direct ions: Tliis part is to test your ability to constr uct gramm atic咄y correc t senten ces. It con s is ts of2 sectio ns.Sect i o11 ADirecti ons: In this section, tliere are 10 incom plete senten ces. You are requir ed to comple te e a c h_ 9ne by decidin g on the nwst approp忧ate word or words frorrl the 4 choices marked A), BJ, CJ andDJ. T I砌you should 1narlc the correspo nding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrou gh the cente r.21.we are able to under乱tand your career object ives, the more likely we are able to help youachieve them.A)More B)The best C)The better D) Much22.You will not be able to improve your work you are aware of your shortcomings.A)if.. B)unless C) when _ D)since23.The training course to introduce you to the security check at the Airport.A)designs B)be designed C)designed·D)is designed24.other words, if employees feel part of the community, they will care more about it s devel-opment.A)In B)For C)On D)With25.We will provide you识th a training program proposal best !fleets your needs.A)who,,. B)what .C)that D)when26.Nearly every career book advises j ob-seekers to send thank-you letters afterA)interviewed B)being interviewed C)be·interviewed D)to be interviewed27.Before each meeting we will decide on the issue and you will be invited to express寸ewsand suggestions via the website.A)discussed B)to be discussed C)to discuss D)discussing28.The person resume best fits the needs of the employer w诅get a call for an interview.A)whose B)which C)that D)who29.we are living in the big data era, we are able to·collect and analyze as much patient in-formation as possible.A)Even though B)As if C)In that D)Now that30.It has been quite some time since we you at your office in Beijing.A)visit B)visited·C) have visited D)had visited Section BDirections: There are 5 incomplele stat叩ents here. You should fill in each blank with the prop窃扣rm 。
2018-2019年德州市高三一练英语试题及答案
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高 三 英 语 试 题
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LGplc应用指令手册
第五章应用指令5.1 数据传送指令5-15.1.1 MOV, MOVP, DMOV, DMOVP ..................................................... 5-15.1.2 CMOV, CMOVP, DCMOV, DCMOVP .......................................... 5-35.1.3 GMOV, GMOVP .................................................................................. 5-65.1.4 FMOV, FMOVP ................................................................................... 5-85.1.5 BMOV, BMOVP ................................................................................ 5-10 5.2 转换指令5-125.1.1 BCD, BCDP, DBCD, DBCDP ......................................................... 5-125.2.2 BIN, BINP, DBIN, DBINP .............................................................. 5-15 5.3 比拟指令5-185.3.1 CMP, CMPP, DCMP, DCMPP ...................................................... 5-185.3.2 TCMP, TCMPP, DTCMP, DTCMPP .............................................. 5-225.3.3 LD ( =, >, <, >=, <=, <> ) ..................................................... 5-245.3.4 AND ( =, >, <, >=, <=, <>) ................................................... 5-255.3.5 OR ( =, >, <, >=, <=, <>) ...................................................... 5-27 5.4 增加/减少运算5-295.4.1 INC, INCP, DINC, DINCP ............................................................. 5-295.4.2 DEC, DECP, DDEC, DDECP .......................................................... 5-31 5.5 回转指令5-345.5.1 ROL, ROLP, DROL, DROLP .......................................................... 5-345.5.2 ROR, RORP, DROR, DRORP ....................................................... 5-375.5.3 RCL, RCLP, DRCL, DRCLP ............................................................ 5-395.5.4 RCR, RCRP, DRCR, DRCRP .......................................................... 5-425.6 移位指令5-445.6.1 BSFT, BSFTP ...................................................................................... 5-445.6.2 WSFT, WSFTP ................................................................................... 5-465.6.3 SR.......................................................................................................... 5-48 5.7 交换指令5-515.7.1 XCHG, XCHGP, DXCHG, DXCHGP ............................................ 5-51 5.8 BIN 算术指令5-535.8.1 ADD, ADDP, DADD, DADDP ...................................................... 5-535.8.2 SUB, SUBP, DSUB, DSUBP .......................................................... 5-555.8.3 MUL, MULP, DMUL, DMULP ..................................................... 5-575.8.4 MULS, MULSP, DMULS, DMULSP ............................................ 5-605.8.5 DIV, DIVP, DDIV, DDIVP ............................................................... 5-635.8.6 DIVS, DIVSP, DDIVS, DDIVSP .................................................... 5-65 5.9 BCD算术指令5-685.9.1 ADDB, ADDBP, DADDB, DADDBP ........................................... 5-685.9.2 SUBB, SUBBP, DSUBB, DSUBBP ................................................ 5-705.9.3 MULB, MULBP, DMULB, DMULBP ........................................... 5-745.9.4 DIVB, DIVBP, DDIVB, DDIVBP ................................................... 5-76 5.10 逻辑算术指令5-795.10.1 WAND, WANDP, DWAND, DWANDP ..................................... 5-795.10.2 WOR, WORP, DWOR, DWORP ................................................. 5-825.10.3 WXOR, WXORP, DWXOR, DWXORP ....................................... 5-845.10.4 WXNR, WXNRP, DWXNR, DWXNRP ...................................... 5-86 5.11 数据处理指令5-885.11.1 SEG, SEGP ......................................................................................... 5-895.11.2 ASC, ASCP ......................................................................................... 5-925.11.3 BSUM, BSUMP, DBSUM, DBSUMP .......................................... 5-945.11.4 ENCO, ENCOP .................................................................................. 5-975.11.5 DECO, DECOP ................................................................................ 5-1005.11.6 FILR, FILRP, DFILR, DFILRP ....................................................... 5-1025.11.7 FILW, FILWP, DFILW, DFILWP .................................................. 5-1055.11.8 DIS, DISP ......................................................................................... 5-1075.11.9 UNI, UNIP ........................................................................................ 5-1105.11.10 IORF, IORFP .................................................................................... 5-112 5.12 系统指令5-1145.12.1 FALS ................................................................................................... 5-1145.12.2 DUTY ................................................................................................. 5-1155.12.3 WDT, WDTP .................................................................................... 5-1185.12.4 OUTOFF ............................................................................................ 5-1205.12.5 STOP .................................................................................................. 5-121 5.13 跳转指令5-1225.13.1 JMP, JME .......................................................................................... 5-1225.13.2 CALL, CALLP, SBRT, RET ............................................................ 5-124 5.14 循环指令5-1265.14.1 FOR, NEXT ...................................................................................... 5-1275.14.2 BREAK ............................................................................................... 5-128 5.15 标志指令5-1295.15.1 STC, CLC ........................................................................................... 5-1295.15.2 CLE ..................................................................................................... 5-131 5.16 特殊模块指令5-1325.16.1 GET, GETP ........................................................................................ 5-1335.16.2 PUT, PUTP ....................................................................................... 5-135 5.17 数据连接指令5-1375.17.1 READ ................................................................................................. 5-1385.17.2 WRITE ................................................................................................ 5-1415.17.3 RGET .................................................................................................. 5-1435.17.4 RPUT .................................................................................................. 5-1475.17.5 STATUS .............................................................................................. 5-150 5.18 中断指令5-1525.18.1 EI, DI .................................................................................................. 5-1525.18.2 TDINT, IRET ..................................................................................... 5-1535.18.3 INT, IRET .......................................................................................... 5-1555.19 符号反转指令5-1565.19.1 NEG, NEGP, DNEG, DNEGP...................................................... 5-156 5.20 位接触指令5-1595.20.1 BLD, BLDN ....................................................................................... 5-1595.20.2 BAND, BANDN .............................................................................. 5-1605.20.3 BOR, BORN ..................................................................................... 5-1615.20.4 BOUT ................................................................................................. 5-1635.20.5 BSET, BRST ...................................................................................... 5-164 5.21 计算机连接模块指令5-1655.21.1 SND .................................................................................................... 5-1655.21.2 RCV .................................................................................................... 5-166 5.22 高速计数器指令5-1675.22.1 HST ..................................................................................................... 5-1675.22.2 HSC .................................................................................................... 5-170 5.23 RS-485 通讯指令5-1715.23.1 RECV .................................................................................................. 5-1725.23.2 SEND ................................................................................................. 5-1735应用指令5.1.1MOV, MOVP, DMOV, DMOVP1)功能-MOV(P) : 传送在[ S ]中的16位数据至指定的设备[ D ].16 位- DMOV(P) : 传送在指定设备[ S+1, S ]中的32位数据到指定的设备[ D+1, D ].-2) 编程举例在P020检测到一个上升沿,‘h70F3’被传送到P04。
第二章 第5讲 对数与对数函数-2025年高考数学备考
第二章函数第5讲对数与对数函数课标要求命题点五年考情命题分析预测1.理解对数的概念和运算性质,知道用换底公式能将一般对数转化成自然对数或常用对数.2.了解对数函数的概念.能用描点法或借助计算工具画出具体对数函数的图象,探索并了解对数函数的单调性与特殊点.3.知道对数函数y =log a x 与指数函数y =a x 互为反函数(a >0,且a ≠1).对数的运算2022浙江T7;2022天津T6;2021天津T7;2020全国卷ⅠT8该讲命题热点为对数运算、对数函数的图象与性质的判断及应用,常与指数函数综合考查,且难度有上升趋势.在2025年备考过程中要熟练掌握对数的运算性质和换底公式;学会构造新函数,结合单调性比较大小;注意对函数图象的应用,注意区分对数函数图象和指数函数图象.对数函数的图象及应用2019浙江T6对数函数的性质及应用2021新高考卷ⅡT7;2021全国卷乙T12;2020全国卷ⅠT12;2020全国卷ⅡT11;2020全国卷ⅢT12;2019全国卷ⅠT3学生用书P0341.对数与对数运算(1)对数的概念一般地,如果a x =N (a >0,且a ≠1),那么数x 叫做以a 为底N 的对数,记作①x =log a N,其中a 叫做对数的②底数,N 叫做③真数.以10为底的对数叫做常用对数,记作④lg N;以e 为底的对数叫做自然对数,记作⑤ln N .(2)对数的性质、运算性质及换底公式性质log a 1=⑥0,log a a =⑦1,l =⑧N (N >0),其中a >0,且a ≠1.运算性质如果a >0,且a ≠1,M >0,N >0,那么:(1)log a (M ·N )=⑨log a M +log a N;(2)log a=⑩log a M -log a N ;(3)log aMn =⑪n log a M,log a a n =⑫n(n ∈R ).换底公式log a b =⑬log log(a >0,且a ≠1;c >0,且c ≠1;b >0).推论:(1)log a b ·log b a =⑭1;(2)lo b n =log a b ;(3)log a b ·log b c ·log c d =log a d .2.对数函数的图象和性质函数y =log a x (a >1)y =log a x (0<a <1)图象性质定义域:⑮(0,+∞).值域:⑯R.图象过定点⑰(1,0),即恒有log a 1=0.当x >1时,y >0;当0<x <1时,y <0.当x >1时,y <0;当0<x <1时,y >0.在(0,+∞)上单调递⑱增.在(0,+∞)上单调递⑲减.规律总结1.对数函数y =log a x (a >0,且a ≠1)的图象过定点(1,0),且过点(a ,1),(1,-1),函数图象只在第一、四象限.2.如图,作直线y =1,则该直线与四个函数图象交点的横坐标为相应的底数,故0<c <d <1<a <b .由此我们可得到以下规律:在第一象限内从左到右对数函数的底数逐渐增大.注意当对数函数的底数a 的大小不确定时,需分a >1和0<a <1两种情况进行讨论.3.反函数指数函数y =a x (a >0,且a ≠1)与对数函数y =log a x (a >0,且a ≠1)互为反函数,它们的图象关于直线⑳y =x对称(如图所示).反函数的定义域、值域分别是原函数的值域、定义域,互为反函数的两个函数具有相同的单调性、奇偶性.1.[全国卷Ⅰ]设a log34=2,则4-a=(B)A.116B.19C.18D.16解析解法一因为a log34=2,所以log34a=2,则有4a=32=9,所以4-a=14=19,故选B.解法二因为a log34=2,所以a=2log34=log39log34=log49,所以4a=9,所以4-a=14=19,故选B.2.[多选]以下说法正确的是(CD)A.若MN>0,则log a(MN)=log a M+log a NB.对数函数y=log a x(a>0且a≠1)在(0,+∞)上是增函数C.函数y=ln1+1-与y=ln(1+x)-ln(1-x)的定义域相同D.对数函数y=log a x(a>0且a≠1)的图象过定点(1,0)且过点(a,1),(1,-1),函数图象只在第一、四象限3.lg25+lg2·lg50+(lg2)2=2.4.若log a34<1(a>0,且a≠1),则实数a的取值范围是(0,34)∪(1,+∞).5.设log a2=m,log a3=n,则a2m+n的值为12.6.[2023北京高考]已知函数f(x)=4x+log2x,则f(12)=1.解析因为f(x)=4x+log2x,所以f(12)=412log212=2+log22-1=2-1=1.学生用书P035命题点1对数的运算例1(1)[2022天津高考]化简(2log43+log83)(log32+log92)的值为(B)A.1B.2C.4D.6解析(2log43+log83)(log32+log92)=(2lo g223+log233)×(log32+log322)=(log23+13log23)(log32+12log32)=43×log23×32×log32=2,故选B.(2)[2022浙江高考]已知2a=5,log83=b,则4a-3b=(C)A.25B.5C.259D.53解析由2a=5得a=log25.又b=log83=log23log28=13log23,所以a-3b=log25-log23=log253=log453log42=2log453=log4259,所以4a-3b=4log4259=25 9,故选C.方法技巧对数运算的一般思路(1)转化:①利用a b=N⇔b=log a N(a>0且a≠1)对题目条件进行转化;②利用换底公式化为同底数的对数运算.(2)利用恒等式:log a1=0,log a a=1,log a a N=N,log=M.(3)拆分:将真数化为积、商或底数的指数幂形式,正用对数的运算性质化简.(4)合并:将对数式化为同底数对数的和、差、倍数的运算,然后逆用对数的运算性质,转化为同底数对数的真数的积、商、幂的运算.训练1(1)[2024江苏省如皋市教学质量调研]我们知道,任何一个正实数N可以表示成N=a×10n(1≤a<10,n∈Z),此时lg N=n+lg a(0≤lg a<1).当n>0时,N是n+1位数,则41000是(C)位数.(lg2≈0.3010)A.601B.602C.603D.604解析由lg41000=lg22000=2000lg2≈2000×0.3010=602=602+lg1,得n=602,所以41000是603位数.故选C.(2)[2024山东泰安第二中学模拟](2+1027)-23+2log32-log349-5log259=-716.解析原式=[(43)3]-23+log34-log349-5log53=(43)-2+log39-3=916+2-3=-716.命题点2对数函数的图象及应用例2(1)[浙江高考]在同一直角坐标系中,函数y=1,y=log a(x+12)(a>0,且a≠1)的图象可能是(D)A BC D解析若0<a <1,则函数y =1是增函数,y =log a (x +12)是减函数且其图象过点(12,0),结合选项可知,选项D 可能成立;若a >1,则y =1是减函数,而y =log a (x +12)是增函数且其图象过点(12,0),结合选项可知,没有符合的图象.故选D.(2)已知当0<x ≤14时,有<log a x ,则实数a 的取值范围为(116,1).解析若<log a x 在x ∈(0,14]时成立,则0<a <1,且y =的图象在y =log a x 图象的下方,作出y =,y =log a x 的图象如图所示.<log a 14,所以0<<1,12>14,解得116<a <1.故实数a 的取值范围是(116,1).方法技巧与对数函数有关的图象问题的求解策略1.对于图象的识别,一般通过观察图象的变化趋势、利用已知函数的性质、函数图象上的特殊点(与坐标轴的交点、最高点、最低点等)排除不符合要求的选项.2.对于对数型函数的图象,一般从最基本的对数函数的图象入手,通过平移、伸缩、对称变换而得到.训练2(1)[多选/2024辽宁省部分学校模拟]已知a x =b -x (a >0且a ≠1,b >0且b ≠1),则函数y =log a (-x )与y =b x 的图象可能是(AB)解析因为a x =b -x ,即a x =(1)x ,所以a =1,当a >1时,0<b <1,函数y =b x 在R 上单调递减,且过点(0,1),因为y =log a x 与y =log a (-x )的图象关于y 轴对称,故y =log a (-x )在(-∞,0)上单调递减且过点(-1,0),故A 符合题意.当0<a <1时,b >1,函数y =b x 在R 上单调递增,且过点(0,1),y =log a (-x )在(-∞,0)上单调递增且过点(-1,0),故B 符合题意.故选AB.(2)[2024安徽省皖江名校联考]已知函数f (x )=|log 3|||,≠0,0,=0,设a ,b ,c ,d是四个互不相同的实数,且满足f (a )=f (b )=f (c )=f (d ),则|a |+|b |+|c |+|d |的取值范围是(4,+∞).解析作出函数f(x)的图象,如图所示,易知f(x)图象关于y轴对称.设f(a)=f(b)=f(c)=f(d)=m(m>0),且a>b>c>d,作直线y=m,则由图象得0<b<1<a,则由题意知,log3a=-log3b,且a=-d,b=-c,所以ab=1,即b=1,则|a|+|b|+|c|+|d|=2(a+b)=2(a+1)>4,所以|a|+|b|+|c|+|d|的取值范围是(4,+∞).命题点3对数函数的性质及应用角度1比较大小例3(1)[2021新高考卷Ⅱ]若a=log52,b=log83,c=12,则(C)A.c<b<aB.b<a<cC.a<c<bD.a<b<c解析a=log52=log54<log55=12=c,b=log83=log89>log88=12=c,所以a<c<b.故选C.(2)[2024天津市蓟州区第一中学模拟]已知函数f(x)在R上是增函数,若a=f(log215),b=f(log24.1),c=f(20.5),则a,b,c的大小关系为(A)A.a<c<bB.b<a<cC.c<b<aD.c<a<b解析log215=-log25<-log24=-2,log24.1>log24=2,20.5=2∈(1,2),故log215<20.5<log24.1.由于f(x)在R上是增函数,故f(log215)<f(20.5)<f(log24.1),所以a<c<b.故选A.方法技巧比较对数值大小的常用方法1.底数相同时,比较真数的大小;真数相同时,利用换底公式转化为底数相同的形式,再比较大小,也可以借助对数函数的图象比较大小.2.当底数和真数都不相同时,常借助0,1或题干中出现的有理数等中间量比较大小,也可以通过作差或者作商比较大小.角度2解对数方程或不等式例4(1)[2024湘豫名校联考]已知函数f(x)=log2|x|+x2,则不等式f(ln x)+f(-ln x)<2的解集为(D)A.(1e,1)B.(1e,e)C.(1,e)D.(1e,1)∪(1,e)解析由题可知函数f(x)的定义域为(-∞,0)∪(0,+∞),∴ln x≠0.∵f(-x)=log2|-x|+(-x)2=log2|x|+x2=f(x),∴f(x)是偶函数,∴由f(ln x)+f(-ln x)<2可得2f(ln x)<2,即f(ln x)<1.当x>0时,f(x)=log2x+x2.∵y=log2x和y=x2在(0,+∞)上都是单调递增的,∴f(x)在(0,+∞)上单调递增,又f(1)=1,∴|ln x|<1且ln x≠0,∴1e<x<e且x≠1,所以原不等式的解集为(1e,1)∪(1,e).故选D.(2)[2024江苏省淮安市五校联考]已知x=4log6-9log6,y=9log4+6log4,则的值为(B)2 B.2C.5+1D.5-1解析令log6x=m,log4y=n,则x=6m,y=4n.由x=4log6-9log6,y=9log4+6log4可得6m=4m-9m,4n=9n+6n,进而可得(32)m=1-(32)2m,故(32)m+(32)2m=1,同理得(32)2n+(32)n=1,所以(32)m与(32)n均为方程t2+t-1=0的实数根,由t2+t-1=0,解得t t因为(32)m>0,(32)n>0,所以(32)m=(32)n由于函数y=(32)x为增函数,所以m=n,=64=(32)m=-1+52,故选B.方法技巧1.(1)log a f(x)=b⇔f(x)=a b(a>0,且a≠1).(2)log a f(x)=log a g(x)⇔f(x)=g(x)(f(x)>0,g(x)>0).2.解简单对数不等式,先统一底数,化为形如log a f(x)>log a g(x)的不等式,再借助y =log a x的单调性求解.角度3对数函数性质的应用例5(1)[全国卷Ⅱ]设函数f(x)=ln|2x+1|-ln|2x-1|,则f(x)(D)A.是偶函数,且在(12,+∞)单调递增B.是奇函数,且在(-12,12)单调递减C.是偶函数,且在(-∞,-12)单调递增D.是奇函数,且在(-∞,-12)单调递减解析由2+1≠0,2-1≠0,得函数f(x)的定义域为(-∞,-12)∪(-12,12)∪(12,+∞),其关于原点对称,因为f(-x)=ln|2(-x)+1|-ln|2(-x)-1|=ln|2x-1|-ln|2x+1|=-f(x),所以函数f(x)为奇函数,排除A,C.当x∈(-12,12)时,f(x)=ln(2x+1)-ln(1-2x),易知函数f(x)单调递增,排除B.当x∈(-∞,-12)时,f(x)=ln(-2x-1)-ln(1-2x)=ln2r12-1=ln(1+22-1),易知函数f(x)单调递减,故选D.(2)[全国卷Ⅰ]若2a+log2a=4b+2log4b,则(B)A.a>2bB.a<2bC.a>b2D.a<b2解析令f(x)=2x+log2x,因为y=2x在(0,+∞)上单调递增,y=log2x在(0,+∞)上单调递增,所以f(x)=2x+log2x在(0,+∞)上单调递增.又2a+log2a=4b+2log4b=22b+log2b<22b+log2(2b),所以f(a)<f(2b),所以a<2b.故选B.方法技巧对数型复合函数的单调性问题的求解策略(1)对于y=log a f(x)型的复合函数的单调性,有以下结论:函数y=log a f(x)的单调性与函数u=f(x)(f(x)>0)的单调性在a>1时相同,在0<a<1时相反.(2)研究y=f(log a x)型的复合函数的单调性,一般用换元法,即令t=log a x,则只需研究t=log a x及y=f(t)的单调性即可.注意研究对数型复合函数的单调性,一定要坚持“定义域优先”原则,否则所得范围易出错.训练3(1)[2024河南名校联考]“a≤2”是“函数f(x)=ln(x2-ax+12)在区间(2,+∞)上单调递增”的(A)A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件解析二次函数y=x2-ax+12图象的对称轴为x=2,若函数f(x)=ln(x2-ax+12)在区间(2,+∞≤2,2+12≥0,即a≤94,故“a≤2”是“函数f(x)=ln(x2-ax+12)在区间(2,+∞)上单调递增”的充分不必要条件.故选A.(2)[2024河南商丘高三名校联考]已知a=log64,b=log53,c=log76,则(B)A.a<b<c B.b<a<cC.b<c<aD.c<a<b解析由题意得a,b,c∈(0,1),∵log64·log67<(log64+log672)2=(log6282)2<1,∴log64<1log67=log76,即a<c.∵a=log64=log64256>log64216=34,b=log53=log5481<log54125=34,∴a>b.综上所述,可得b<a<c.故选B.(3)[2024湖北名校联考改编]已知奇函数f(x)=lg1+B1+(k≠1),则不等式-1<f(x)<lg12的解集为(13,911).解析因为f(x)为奇函数,所以f(-x)+f(x)=lg1-B1-+lg1+B1+=lg1-221-2=0,所以k2=1.因为k≠1,所以k=-1,则由-1<f(x)<lg12,得lg110<lg1-1+<lg12,所以110<1-1+<12,解得13<x<911.学生用书P038指数、对数、幂值比较大小的策略策略1直接法例6(1)[2023南京六校联考]若a =0.40.5,b =0.50.4,c =log 324,则a ,b ,c 的大小关系是(D)A.a <b <cB.b <c <aC.c <b <aD.c <a <b解析因为0.40.5<0.50.5<0.50.4,所以a <b .因为c =log 324=lo 2522=25log 22=0.4<0.40.5=a ,所以c <a <b ,故选D.(2)[2022全国卷甲]已知9m =10,a =10m -11,b =8m -9,则(A)A.a >0>bB.a >b >0C.b >a >0D.b >0>a解析因为9m =10,所以m =log 910,所以a =10m -11=10log 910-11=10log 910-10log 1011,因为log 910-log 1011=lg10lg9-lg11lg10=(lg10)2-lg 9·lg 11lg9·lg10>(lg10)2-(lg9+lg112)2lg9·lg10=1-(lg992)2lg9>0,所以a >0.b =8l 910-9=8l 910-8l 89,因为log 910-log 89=lg10lg9-lg9lg8=lg10·lg8-(lg9)2lg9·lg8<(lg10+lg82)2-(lg 9)2lg9·lg8=(lg802)2-(lg812)2lg9·lg8<0,所以b <0.综上,a >0>b .故选A.策略2图象法例7[2024山西大学附中模拟]若e a =-ln a ,e -b =ln b ,e -c =-ln c ,则(B )A.a <b <cB.a <c <bC.b <c <aD.b <a <c解析在同一直角坐标系中作出y =e x ,y =e -x ,y =ln x ,y =-ln x 的图象,如图所示,由图象可知a <c <b .故选B.策略3构造函数法例8[全国卷Ⅰ]设x ,y ,z 为正数,且2x =3y =5z ,则(D)A.2x <3y <5zB.5z <2x <3yC.3y <5z <2xD.3y <2x <5z解析令2x =3y =5z =k ,由x ,y ,z 为正数,知k >1.解法一(作差法)易知x =lglg2,y =lglg3,z =lglg5.因为k >1,所以lg k >0,所以2x -3y =2lg lg2-3lg lg3=lgH (2lg3-3lg2)lg2×lg3=lgHlg 98lg2×lg3>0,故2x >3y ,2x -5z =2lg lg2-5lg lg5=lgH (2lg5-5lg2)lg2×lg5=lgHlg 2532lg2×lg5<0,故2x <5z .所以3y <2x <5z .解法二(作商法)易知x =lg lg2,y =lglg3,z =lg lg5.由23=23×lg3lg2=lg9lg8>1,得2x >3y ,由52=52×lg2lg5=lg 25lg 52>1,得5z >2x .所以3y <2x <5z .解法三(函数法)易知x =ln ln2,y =ln ln3,z =lnln5.设函数f (t )=En ln(t >0,t ≠1),则f (2)=2ln ln2=2x ,f (3)=3ln ln3=3y ,f (5)=5ln ln5=5z .f '(t )=ln ·ln -1·En (ln )2=(ln -1)ln (ln )2,易得当t ∈(e ,+∞)时,f '(t )>0,函数f (t )单调递增.因为e <3<4<5,所以f (3)<f (4)<f (5).又f (2)=2ln ln2=2×2ln 2ln2=4ln ln4=f (4),所以f (3)<f (2)<f (5),即3y <2x <5z .方法技巧指数、对数、幂值比较大小的策略1.直接利用函数的性质,题目中出现的常数,特殊值(如0,1)等比较大小.2.当待比较大小的代数式无法单独分离出来时,通常会考虑代数式的几何意义,通过图象,利用交点坐标比较大小.3.式子结构比较麻烦,或呈现一定规律时,通常会构造新函数,利用新函数的单调性比较大小.4.作差、作商也是比较大小常用的方法.训练4(1)[2024山东省枣庄市第三中学模拟]设x =e 0.03,y =1.032,z =ln (e 0.6+e 0.4),则x ,y ,z 的大小关系为(A)A.z >y >x B.y >x >z C.x >z >yD.z >x >y解析易得ln x=0.03,ln y=2ln1.03=2ln(1+0.03),令f(x)=x-2ln(1+x)(0<x <110),则f'(x)=1-2r1=-1r1<0,∴f(x)在(0,110)上递减,∴f(x)<0-2ln(1+0)=0,则x<2ln(1+x),∴0.03<2ln(1+0.03),故y>x.y=1.032=1.0609,z=ln(e0.6+e0.4)>ln20.6+0.4=ln2+ln=ln2+12,易得ln2>35,∴z>1.1,∴y<z.故z >y>x,故选A.(2)[多选/2023黑龙江西北八校联考]已知实数x,y,z满足z·ln x=z·e y=1,则下列关系式可能成立的是(ABC)A.x>y>zB.x>z>yC.z>x>yD.z>y>x解析由题知实数x,y,z满足ln x=e y=1,在同一直角坐标系中分别作出函数m=ln n,m=e n,m=1的大致图象,如图所示,再分别作出与n轴平行且与三个函数图象均相交的直线,依次记为m=m1,m=m2,m=m3,如图所示.由直线m=m1与三个函数图象的交点情况可得z>x>y,由直线m=m2与三个函数图象的交点情况可得x>z>y,由直线m=m3与三个函数图象的交点情况可得x>y>z.故选ABC.(3)[多选/2024广东省汕头市金禧中学模拟]若0<c<b<1<a,则下列不等式正确的是(ABC)A.log2024a>log2024bB.log c a>log b aC.(c-b)a c>(c-b)a bD.(a-c)a c>(a-c)a b解析对选项A:因为a>1>b>0,且f(x)=log2024x为增函数,所以f(a)>f(b),即log2024a>log2024b,故A正确.对选项B:因为a>1>b>c>0,所以log a c<log a b<0,所以1l>1l,即log c a>log b a,故B正确.对选项C,D:由题意易知a c<a b且c-b<0,a-c>0,所以(c-b)a c>(c-b)a b,(a-c)a c<(a-c)a b,所以C正确,D错误.故选ABC.1.[命题点1/2024江苏省南通市教学质量调研]若3x=4y=6z=k,且2+1-1=12,则实数k 的值为36.解析∵3x=4y=6z=k,∴x=log3k,y=log4k,z=log6k,则2+1-1=2log3+1log4-1log6=2log k3+log k4-log k6=log k9+log k4-log k6=log k(9×46)=log k6=12,∴12=6,即k=36.2.[命题点2/2024辽宁省大连市滨城高中联考]函数y=log a x+a x-1+2(a>0且a≠1)的图象恒过定点(k,b),若m+n=b-k且m>0,n>0,则9+1的最小值为(B)A.9 B.8 C.92 D.52解析因为函数y=log a x+a x-1+2(a>0且a≠1)的图象恒过定点(1,3),所以m+n =3-1=2,所以2(9+1)=(m+n)(9+1)=10+9+≥10+29=16,所以9+1≥8,当且仅当n=12,m=32时等号成立,故选B.3.[命题点2]已知函数f(x)=ln x,则函数y=f(11-)的图象大致为(D)解析f(11-)=ln11-=-ln(1-x),其定义域为(-∞,1),且为增函数,故选D.4.[命题点3角度1]已知函数f(x)=2|x|,a=f(log0.53),b=f(log45),c=f(cosπ3),则(B)A.a>c>bB.a>b>cC.b>a>cD.c>a>b解析a=f(log0.53)=f(-log23),b=f(log45)=f(log25),c=f(cosπ3)=f(12),易知函数f(x)=2|x|为偶函数,∴a=f(log23).又当x>0时,函数f(x)=2|x|=2x单调递增,且log23>log25>12,∴f(log23)>f(log25)>f(12),∴a>b>c.故选B.5.[命题点3角度2,3/多选/2024湖南名校联考]已知函数f(x)=lg(x2-x+414),则(ACD)A.f(x)的最小值为1B.∃x∈R,满足f(1)+f(x)=2C.f(log92)>f(23)D.f(90.1-12)>f(30.18-12)解析由题知f(x)=lg[(x-12)2+10],则f(x)在(-∞,12)上单调递减,在(12,+∞)上单调递增,所以f(x)的最小值为f(12)=lg10=1,A正确.因为f(x)≥1,f(1)>1,所以f(1)+f(x)>2,B错误.易知f(x)图象关于x=12对称,因为0<log92=lg2lg9<lg2lg8=13,所以|log92-12|>16,又|23-12|=16,所以f(log92)>f(23),C正确.因为90.1=30.2>30.18>1,所以90.1-12>30.18-12>12,所以f(90.1-12)>f(30.18-12),D正确.故选ACD.6.[思维帮角度1,3]已知实数a,b满足a=log23+log86,6a+8a=10b,则下列判断正确的是(C)A.a>2>bB.b>2>aC.a>b>2D.b>a>2解析先比较a与2的大小:a=log23+log86=log23+lo236=log23+13log26=log23+13(log22+log23)=1+4log233=1+log2813,又2=log2643,且log281>log264,所以1+log2813-log2643>0,即a>2.再比较b与2的大小:因为a>2,所以6a+8a>62+82=102,又6a+8a=10b,所以b>2.最后比较a与b的大小:令f(x)=6x+8x-10x,x>2,t=x-2,t>0,则x=t+2,令g(t)=6t+2+8t+2-10t+2,t >0,则g(t)=36×6t+64×8t-100×10t<36×8t+64×8t-100×10t=100×8t-100×10t <0,即当x>2时,6x+8x<10x,所以6a+8a=10b<10a,所以b<a.综上,a>b>2.故选C.7.[思维帮角度2]若e-1·x3=-ln x2·x3=-1,则下列不等关系一定不成立的是(D)A.x1<x3<x2B.x3<x1<x2C.x3<x2<x1D.x1<x2<x3解析由e-1·x3=-ln x2·x3=-1,得e-1=-ln x2=-13.由e-1>0,得0<x2<1,x3<0.作出函数y=e-x,y=-ln x(0<x<1),y=-1(x<0)的大致图象,如图,由图可知x1<x3<x2,x3<x1<x2,x3<x2<x1均能够成立,只有D选项中的式子不可能成立.故选D.8.[思维帮角度3]已知a<5且a e5=5e a,b<4且b e4=4e b,c<3且c e3=3e c,则(D)A.c<b<aB.b<c<aC.a<c<bD.a<b<c解析解法一易知a,b,c均大于零.a e5=5e a⇒e55=e,b e4=4e b⇒e44=e,c e3=3e c⇒e33=e,所以设函数f(x)=e,则有f(5)=f(a),f(4)=f(b),f(3)=f(c),且f'(x)=e(-1)2,则易得f(x)在(0,1)上单调递减,在(1,+∞)上单调递增,作出f(x)在(0,+∞)上的大致图象,如图,因为a<5,b<4,c<3,所以a<b<c.解法二由题知,a<5,b<4,c<3,因为a e5=5e a,所以两边同时取对数可得ln a+5=ln5+a,即ln-ln5-5=1,同理可得ln-ln4-4=ln-ln3-3=1,即点A(a,ln a)与点D(5,ln5)连线的斜率k1=1,点B(b,ln b)与点E(4,ln4)连线的斜率k2=1,点C(c,ln c)与点F(3,ln3)连线的斜率k3=1.因为点A,B,C,D,E,F均在函数y=ln x的图象上,且AD∥BE∥CF,所以作出对应的示意图如图所示,由图可得a<b<c.故选D.学生用书·练习帮P2681.[2023宁夏六盘山高级中学模拟]若f(x)满足对定义域内任意的x1,x2,都有f(x1)+f(x2)=f(x1·x2),则称f(x)为“好函数”,则下列函数是“好函数”的是(D)A.f(x)=2xB.f(x)=(12)xC.f(x)=x2D.f(x)=log3x解析因为log3x1+log3x2=log3x1x2,满足f(x1)+f(x2)=f(x1·x2),所以f(x)=log3x是“好函数”,故选D.2.[2024四川成都模拟]已知a=log0.70.3,b=log0.30.7,c=0.5,则a,b,c的大小关系为(D)A.a<c<bB.c<b<aC.a<b<cD.b<c<a解析依题意,a=log0.70.3>log0.70.72=2,b=log0.30.7=1log0.70.3<12,而c=0.5,所以b<c <a.故选D.3.已知函数f(x)=x+1-2,x∈(2,8),当x=m时,f(x)取得最小值n.则在平面直角坐标系中,函数g(x)=lo g1|x+n|的图象是(A)解析∵函数f(x)=x-2+1-2+2≥(-2)·1-2+2=4,x∈(2,8),当且仅当x -2=1-2,即x=3时取等号,∴m=3,n=4.则函数g(x)=log13|x+4|在(-4,+∞)上单调递减,在(-∞,-4)上单调递增,观察选项可知,选项A符合.故选A. 4.[2024河北石家庄市第十五中学模拟]已知函数f(x)=lg(x2-ax+12)在[-1,3]上单调递减,则实数a的取值范围是(B)A.[6,+∞)B.[6,7)C.(-∞,-2]D.(-13,-2]解析由题意得,函数y=x2-ax+12在[-1,3]上单调递减,且在[-1,3]上x2-ax+12>0≥3,-3+12>0,解得6≤a<7,故a的取值范围是[6,7).故选B.5.[2024陕西咸阳模拟]已知a=2-0.01,b=log510,c=log612,则a,b,c的大小关系为(A)A.b>c>aB.b>a>cC.c>b>aD.c>a>b解析a=2-0.01∈(2-1,20)=(12,1),b=1+log52>1,c=1+log62>1,且log52>log62,故b>c>a.故选A.6.[2023河南部分学校联考]设a=log23,b=log4x,c=log865,若a,b,c中b既不是最小的也不是最大的,则x的取值范围是(A)A.(9,6523)B.(3,6513)C.[9,6523]D.[3,6513]解析∵a=log23=log827<log865=c,∴a<b<c,∴log23<log4x<log865,∴log23<log212<log26513,∴3<12<6513,得9<x<6523,即x的取值范围是(9,6523),故选A.7.[2023山东模拟]已知函数f(x)是定义在R上的偶函数,当x≤0时,f(x)单调递减,(2x-5))>f(log38)的解集为(C)则不等式f(lo g13A.{x|52<x<4116}B.{x|x>132}C.{x|52<x<4116或x>132}D.{x|x<52或4116<x<132}解析因为函数f(x)是定义在R上的偶函数,且在(-∞,0]上单调递减,所以可将f (lo 13(2x -5))>f (log 38)化为|lo 13(2x -5)|>|log 38|,即log 3(2x -5)>log 38或log 3(2x -5)<-log 38=log 318,即2x -5>8或0<2x -5<18,解得x >132或52<x <4116.故选C.8.[多选/2024甘肃省部分学校质量检测]若(a ,b )(a >0,a ≠1)为函数y =log 2x 图象上的一点,则下列选项正确的是(ABC)A.(b ,a )为函数y =2x 图象上的点B.(1,b )为函数y =log 12x 图象上的点C.(-b ,a )为函数y =(12)x 图象上的点D.(a ,2b )为函数y =log 4x 图象上的点解析∵(a ,b )(a >0,a ≠1)为函数y =log 2x 图象上的一点,∴log 2a =b ,∴2b =a ,则(b ,a )为函数y =2x 图象上的点,故A 正确;∵log 2a =b ,∴log 121=-1-1log 2a =b ,则(1,b )为函数y =log 12x 图象上的点,故B 正确;∵2b =a ,∴(12)-b =2b =a ,则(-b ,a )为函数y =(12)x 图象上的点,故C 正确;∵log 2a =b ,∴log 4a =12log 2a =12b ,故D 错误.故选ABC.9.[2023天津市汇文中学模拟]计算:(827)-23+10lg3+lo log 54·log 25=3.解析(827)-23+10lg 3+lo log 54·log 25=[(23)3]-23+3+log 3−2312-2lg2lg5·lg5lg2=(23)-2+3+12-2log 33-2=94+3-14-2=3.10.[2024江苏省联考]已知函数f (x )=2-log 2,≥1,4,<1,则f (f (12))=1.解析由函数f (x )=2-log 2,≥1,4,<1,得f (f (12))=f (2)=1.11.[2024北京市中关村中学模拟]声音的等级f (x )(单位:dB )与声音强度x (单位:W /m 2)满足f (x )=10×lg1×10-12.喷气式飞机起飞时,声音的等级约为140dB.一般说话时,声音的等级约为60dB ,那么喷气式飞机起飞时声音强度约为一般说话时声音强度的108倍.解析由f (x )=10×lg1×10-12,即y =10×lg1×10-12可知,声音强度x =1010×10-12=10-12+10,设喷气式飞机起飞时声音强度与一般说话时声音强度分别为x 1,x 2,故强度之比12=10-12+1401010-12+6010=108.12.[2024贵州贵阳名校联考]已知函数f (x )=log 2|x -a |+1,且f (6+x )=f (2-x ),则f (2)=2.解析由f (6+x )=f (2-x )可知,函数f (x )的图象关于直线x =4对称,而函数f (x )=log 2|x -a |+1的图象关于直线x =a 对称,所以a =4,所以f (x )=log 2|x -4|+1,所以f (2)=log 2|2-4|+1=2.13.[2023乌鲁木齐质监(一)]已知函数f (x )=ln 2-3+,a =log 23,b =log 34,c =log 58,则(A)A.f (a )<f (c )<f (b )B.f (a )<f (b )<f (c )C.f (c )<f (a )<f (b )D.f (c )<f (b )<f (a )解析f (x )=ln2-3+=ln (-1+53+),由2-3+>0,得f (x )的定义域为{x |-3<x <2},由复合函数的单调性可得,f (x )在(-3,2)上单调递减.由=log 34log 58=lg4lg3lg8lg5=2lg2lg53lg2lg3=lg25lg27<1,c >1得b <c .又9>8,即32>23,所以3>232,log 23>32,同理8<532,log 58<32,所以c <a ,于是b <c <a ,再结合f (x )的单调性可得f (a )<f (c )<f (b ),故选A.14.[2024陕西模拟]已知函数f (x )=(12),≥1,(+<1,则下列结论正确的是(B )A.f (f (0))=12B.f (f (1C.f (f (log 23D.f (x )的值域为(0,1]解析对于选项A ,f (0)=f (1)=12,f (f (0))=f (12)=f (3)=(12)32=(18)12=A 错误;对于选项B ,f (1)=12,f (f (1))=f (12)B 正确;对于选项C ,因为log 23>1,所以f (log 23)=(12)log 23=2log 213=13,f (f (log 23))=f (13)=f(43)=(12)43C错误;对于选项D,当x≥1时,f(x)=(12)x∈(0,12],当0≤x<1时,1≤x+1<2,f(x)=f(x+1)=(12)x+1∈(14,12],又当x<0时,f(x)=f(x+1),所以当x<0时,f(x)∈(14,12],综上,函数f(x)的值域为(0,12],故D 错误.故选B.15.[2024南昌市模拟]已知函数y=e x和y=ln x的图象与直线y=2-x交点的横坐标分别为a,b,则(D)A.a>bB.a+b<2C.ab>1D.a2+b2>2解析易知y=e x与y=ln x互为反函数,对应的图象关于直线y=x对称,如图,直线y=x与y=2-x垂直,所以两函数的图象与直线y=2-x的交点A,B关于直线y=x对称.设直线y=x与y=2-x的交点为C,则C(1,1),∴a+b=2且a≠b.>+2=1,即a2+b2>2.故选D.16.[2024河南省六市部分学校联考]已知正数a,b,c∈(1,+∞),且满足2-1-1=2+log2a,3-2-1=3+log3b,4-3-1=4+log4c,则下列不等式成立的是(B)A.c<b<aB.a<b<cC.a<c<bD.c<a<b解析由2-1-1=2+log2a,可得1-1=log2a,由3-2-1=3+log3b,可得1-1=log3b,由4-3-1=4+log4c,可得1-1=log4c,易知y=1-1(x>1)和y=log m x(m=2,3,4)的图象相交,在同一平面直角坐标系中画出y=log2x,y=log3x,y=log4x与y=1-1(x>1)的图象如图.根据图象可知a<b<c.故选B.17.[2024合肥开学考试]定义在(0,+∞)上的函数f(x)满足:对∀x1,x2∈(0,+∞),且x 1≠x 2都有(1)-(2)1-2>1,则不等式f (2log 2x )-f (x )>log 2x 2-x 的解集为(B)A.(1,2)B.(2,4)C.(4,8)D.(8,16)解析根据题意:设x 1>x 2,则(1)-(2)1-2>1⇒f (x 1)-f (x 2)>x 1-x 2⇒f (x 1)-x 1>f (x 2)-x 2,可得函数h (x )=f (x )-x 在(0,+∞)上单调递增.则f (2log 2x )-f (x )>log 2x 2-x ⇒f (log 2x 2)-log 2x 2>f (x )-x ⇒log 2x 2>x ⇒log 2x 2>log 22x ⇒x 2>2x ,在同一坐标系中画出y =x 2与y =2x 的图象,如图.又x >0,得2<x <4,则不等式的解集为(2,4),故选B.18.[多选/2023重庆二调]若a ,b ,c 都是正数,且2a =3b =6c ,则(BCD )A.1+1=2B.1+1=1C.a +b >4cD.ab >4c 2解析令2a =3b =6c =m ,则a =log 2m ,b =log 3m ,c =log 6m ,∴1=log m 2,1=log m 3,1=log m 6,∴1+1=log m 2+log m 3=log m 6=1,A 选项错误,B 选项正确;a +b =(a +b )(1+1)c =c (2++)>c (2+=4c ,(∵a ≠b ,∴等号无法取到)C 选项正确;1=1+1=+B>4B,∴ab >4c 2,D 选项正确.故选BCD.19.[多选/2024云南省昆明市第一中学双基检测]设偶函数f (x )=log a |x -b |在(-∞,0)上单调递增,则下列结论中正确的是(BC)A.f (a +2)>f (b +2)B.f (a +2)<f (b +2)C.f (a +1)>f (b -2)D.f (a +1)<f (b -2)解析因为函数f (x )为偶函数,所以b =0.又偶函数f (x )=log a |x |在(-∞,0)上单调递增,则0<a <1,所以1<a +1<2,2<a +2<3,且由函数f (x )为偶函数知f (x )在(0,+∞)上单调递减.对于选项A 和B ,因为a +2>2=b +2,所以f (a +2)<f (b +2),故A 错误,B 正确;对于选项C 和D ,因为1<a +1<2,b -2=-2,所以f (a +1)>f (2)=f (-2)=f (b -2),故C 正确,D 错误.故选BC.20.[多选/2024黑龙江哈尔滨模拟]已知函数f (x )=lo g 13(ax 2-3ax +2),则下列说法正确的是(AC)A.若f (x )的值域为R ,则a ∈[89,+∞)B.若f (x )的定义域为R ,则a ∈(0,89)C.若f (x )的最大值为0,则a =49D.若f (x )的最小值为1,则a =2027解析选项A :f (x )的值域为R ,说明函数y =ax 2-3ax +2能取到所有大于0的数,当a=0时,ax 2-3ax +2=2,不满足;当a ≠0时,>0,Δ=92-8≥0,解得a ≥89,选项A 正确.选项B :当f (x )的定义域为R 时,函数y =ax 2-3ax +2>0恒成立,当a =0时,ax 2-3ax +2=2恒成立;当a ≠0时,>0,Δ=92-8<0,解得0<a <89,综上,a ∈[0,89),选项B 错误.选项C :若f (x )的最大值为0,即y =ax 2-3ax +2的最小值为1=1,解得a =49,选项C 正确.选项D :若f (x )的最小值为1,即y =ax 2-3ax +2的最大值为13,则有13,无解,选项D 错误.故选AC.21.[多选/2024聊城模拟]对于两个均不等于1的正数m 和n ,定义:m*n =min {log m n ,log n m },则下列结论正确的是(BC )A.若a >1,且3*a =2*4,则a =9B.若a ≥b ≥c >1,且q q=c*a ,则b =cC.若0<a <b <c <1,则a*b -a*c =a*()D.若0<a <b <c <1,x >y >z >0,则(a x *b y )·(b y *c z )=2(a x *c z )解析选项A :当1<a <3时,log 3a =log 42,即log 3a =12,即a =312=3;当a >3时,log a 3=log 42,即log a 3=12,即a =9.综上,当a >1时,a =3或a =9,则A 错误.选项B :由q q=c*a 及a ≥b ≥c >1,得log a b =log b c ·log a c ,即lg lg=lg lg ·lglg,即lg 2b =lg 2c ,即lg b =lg c 或lg b =-lg c ,即b =c 或bc =1.由b ≥c >1,得bc >1,从而可得b =c ,则B 正确.选项C :若0<a <b <c <1,则a*b -a*c =log a b -log a c =log a,而由1>>b >a >0,得a*()=log a,所以a*b -a*c =a*()成立,则C 正确.选项D :由指数函数f (t )=a t (0<a <1)是减函数,且x >y ,可得a x <a y .由幂函数h (x )=x y (y >0)在(0,+∞)上单调递增,且a <b ,可得a y <b y ,于是0<a x <b y <1,所以a x *b y =log b y =log a b ,同理b y *c z =log b c ,a x *c z =log a c ,所以(*)·(*)*=log bloglog =log b logloglog=1,则D 错误.故选BC.。
B级真题(2019年6月) 试卷+答案+解析
2019年6月B级考试全真试题Part I Listening Comprehen s i onDirections: Tliis part is to test your listening ability. It co邓ists of 4 seclio邠Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to give proper respo邓es.There are 7 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The questio邓will be spoken two times. Whenyou加ar a question, you should decide on t加correct a邱wer from the 4 choices markedA), BJ, CJ and DJ given in your test paper. Then you should mark the co竹esponding letteron t如A邓we�·Sheet with a single -line through t如center.Exam ple: You will hear:You will read: A) I'm not sure.B)You're rig凡.C) Yes, certainly.D)That's interesting.[25 mi nutes]From the question we learn that the speaker is asking the listener to leave a message. Therefore, C) Yes, certai11ly is ti伲correct answer. You should . mark CJ on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.[A][B]回[D]Now the test will begin.1.A) Yes, I am. ·,B)·Don't mention it.2.A) Never mind. ;! ,B) All right.3.A) Nice.B)I think so.4.A) Take it easy.B)No, thank you.5.A) Take care. .B)Go ahead.6.A) Very nice.B)Mind your head.7.A) See you agai!t ..B)I'd love to.C)Sit down, please.C)Sur e,·. I w诅..C)Sure.C)Not at all.C)Here you are.`.C) Glad to meet you. , ·,. ''D) .Quit�convenient.9)Dqn't'Yony.D)Don't be late.Sec tion B D}Let's go now.D)Yes, it is. D)Yes, ple邸e.D)See you later.D)No problem.Directions: This section is to. test your ability .. to .understand short dialogues. 劝窃e are 7戏co1rled d吵gues in it. After_ each_ dial_oguf!, there is a recorded _question. Both the dialogues andquestions 11:ill be spok叨two t_i1�es .. 师en you hear a question, you should decide on thecorrect answer frorrJ, the 4'cho�ces marked A), BJ, CJ and DJ given in your test pap你Then you sho叫d mark t朊corresponding letter on the A邓W钉·S如et ivith a single linethrough t朊center.Now listen to the dialogues.8.A) She is邸operat or.C)·She�a docto r.B)She is a»urse.D)She is a driv�r.9.A)To go to study abroad.C)To pay for her debt.B)To .m ove to anoth er city.D)To raise money for her business�10.A) A new prod uct desi gn.C)The pay raise.r-sal es servi ce.D)The sales plan.B)Afte11.A)Bo ok a tic ket.C)See a doctor.B)Pla ce an ord er.D)Rese1ve a room.B 19.6-112.A) Having an interview.B)Doing an experiment.13.A) On TV.B)In a job fair.14.A) She is over the speed血讥B)She is on the wrong way.C)piscussing a new design.D)Planning a budget.C)From a magazine.D)Online.C)She is making a phone call.D)She is smoking while driving.Sect ion CDirections: In this section, ti花?噜e are 2 recorded conversations. After each conversation, there are some ?攻ecorded questi01岱.Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. When you加ar a question, you should decide on the cor r ect answer from the 4 choices marked A), B_入CJ and D) given in your test paper. Tl砌you should mark the corresponding letter on theA1iswer S加et with a single line through the center. Now listen to the conversations. Conversation I15.A) To change an order.B)To ask for leave.16.A) 80.B)100. Conversation 217.A) A sun hat.B)A T-shirt.18.A) He is the manager of the store.B)He is one of her friends.19.A) 140 dollars.B)200 dollars.C)To cancel an appointment.D)To apply for a job.C)118.D)180.C)Sports shoes.D)Sun gl邸ses.C)He is a regular customer.D)He is a new customer of the store.C)240 dollars. ··D)300 dollars.Section DDirections: In this section you will hear a recorded short passage .. The passage is printed in the test paper, but with some words or phrases missing. The passage will be read three times.During the second reading, you·are required to put the missing words or phrases on theAnswer Sheet in order of the numbered blanks. according to what you hear. The thirdreading is fo r you to check your writing. Now the passage will begin.Thank you very much for meeting with me yesterday about our project. I really appreciate your help. And we'll take your suggestions into consideration when we 20 for the next year.It was _zl_ to have·someone like you who has·had experience with similar projects.I appreciate your ta�g the time out of your busy schedule to 22 me.I'll 23 to send you a follow-up when this project is completed. Please let me如ow if I can 24 the favor and when.Part II Vocabulary & Structure [10 minu t es} Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct correct and meaningful sentences. It consists of2 sections.Section A . l1 l Directions: In this section; there are JO incomplete sentences. You are required to. complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A), BJ, CJ、andB 19.6-225.D). Tl芘n you slwuld niarlc the co门·esponding letter on加Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the cmiter.ca巧were invented, mru曲nd h邸山e扣nt of self-driving cars or driverless cars.A)Even though B)Just because C)Ever since D)As if26.In yeru1, to come, robots will be much more iI11proved tl1an we have now.A)what B) where C) which D)when27.It \.V as not U11til 2016the company opened a branch office in thls city.A)which B)what C)who D)that28.She said that when they fu1,t the finn, she found it difficult to fmd an ideal location.A)s尥1ted B)w山start·C)start D)have started29.Most of them said they felt a血ous when a new job.A)search for C)searched forB)searching for D)were searchlng30.If you need further guidance, feel free to an appointment with our advisor.A)see B)relate C) make D)agree31.The team leader fre q uently hls members of the goals and objectiv�s of the project.A)renlinded B)thought C)appointed D)consideredpanies that encourage a balance between work and home life will be more stable· awhole.A)with B)as C)over D)of33.Some experts believe that the race for the Internet of Things is simil扛the e扛ly history ofWindows and Android.A)for B)in C)with D)to34.No matter what size of your business, your success will always lie in your ability tocustomers.A)give in. B) deal with C)turn out D)look at Section BDirections: There are 5 incomplete statements here. You should fill in乡each-blank with the pro严form of加word given in brackets. Write the word or words in the corresponding space on theAnswer S如et.35.I enjoy (work)——_for this company bec a use·they take care of their'employees as well as theircustomers.36.The job market for college graduates IS rmproving (slow) —... ,according to a recent report.37.The company has created 3D printed parts that are (strong)than ev�r before,38.To apply for t�e position, applic� 区(require)_to create an, online account..39.We have to consider what we should gain and what we should give up under this (arrange)\Part III Reading Comp r ehen s ion· ·1·'l·[35 m i nute s] \D i rections: This part is to test your reading·ability. Ther e are 5 ta sks for you to fulfill. You should 'I')\\ re叫the re叫ing materials carefully and do the tasks (is you are inst1--u cted.B 19.6,3Task 1 Directions: After reading ti 比following passage, you will fi切d 5 questions or unfinished statements, nunibered 40 to 44. For each question or stat 彻ent,there are 4 c加ices marked A), BJ, CJa叫DJ.You slwuld nialce the correct clwice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswe1·Sheet _with a single line through the ce讥er.Does it seem like hotel cos岱just go up and up? It's true that they rise each year. Rates for rooms in 2019 are over 15% more than 2018. Here are some tips to help you make the best decision.Look for extras. The more services yo皿rate includes, the more you can save your money. Make sure you use the facilities you will actually need, or you'll spend more than you need to. Common extras that can save you a lot are free breakfast, free Wi-Fi, and kids eat free. So take advantage of them during your stay. Stay in hotels right outs i de the city center. If the costs for transportation won't be 'high, you can frequently get a good deal this way. You could also look into staying in the university district of a city. Hotels are more affordable (廉价的),cheap eating places are plentiful (充足的)and public transportation is convenient.Go out to eat. Though room service sounds really great, prices for food on the hotel menu can be twice as much as you would pay for the same food at a restaurant.40.What is TRUE of hotels according to the fl 汀st paragraph?A)More hotels are to be built soon.B)Hotel costs increase year by year.41.One piece of advice to hotel guests is A)to use all the hotel entertainment equipment B)to take your family members along with you C)to take advantage of the common extras included in the rate D)to eitjoy as many facilities provided by the hotel as possible C)Hotels are in great demand today.D)Hotel c os 岱rise over 15% each year.42.One advantage ·of staying in the university district is ... A)the friendly environment , C) easy access to the univer sity library B)more entertainment activities D)the conve nient publi c trans porta tion 43.Why ar�you advised !O go out to eat'Yhen you are . sta 亚1g at 、a hotel? A)Food served in hotels is too expensive.C)Food in a restauran t is really great.B)Restaurants offer be杠er services.44.The passage is mainly about how to A)best enjoy room se忒ce in hotel B)save money while staying in a hotel D)Room service has liinited food varieties.C)choose a hotel in a university district D) make use of common extras in a hotel Task 2 Directio 郎:The Jo肋wing is a poster. After reading it,'!fO'«will-find 3 questions or u可inished 乓'statm 归ts,numbered 115 to 47-For each question or stat 叩ent,the r e are 4 choices . marked AJ, BJ, CJ and D). You should rn�ke the correct choice and mark the co1responding letter on t如Answer Sheet with a single line through the cent 你B 19.6-4onstruction Clean-Up By Jones Cleaning HI! Mll<e Jones here from Jones Cleaning Services. I see you have a pretty big project going on here and I thought you .may need some help cleaning ft up for the new occupants.My company Is experienced in all phases of construction clean-up and we would love the chance to bid the final cleaning of your project. Give me a call at the number below… rv1cesJones Cleaning ServicesNotes: bid投标The construction clean-up specialistsFully lnsured-Bonded-1000/o Satisfaction Guaranteedbonded_有担保的45.What kind of service is provided by the company?A)Equipment rental.C)Software designing.、B)Machine repairing.D)Construction clean-up.46.What should you do-if you want to . invite the company to bid for your project?A)Call M让e Jones.C)Post your invitation for bid online.B)Visit the company's manager.D)Send a bid form to Jones Clean-up Servi 岱&47.What guarantee does Jones Cleaning Services promise in the poster?A)The latest design.B)The lowest price.Task 3C 100 ercent satisfaction. ) p D)The use of green materials.Directions: The following is a poster about the service p?'ovided by Norris & Stevens. 加泗di叨'it,you s加uld complete the information by filling in the blanks marked 48 to 52 (in no more than 3 word$) in the table below. You should皿ite your a 讼沺窃s on the A 农九ver Sheet co 汀espondingly.Attention Residents: Norris & Stevens is pleased to offer residents the ability to pay 。
2019年6月A级真题及答案解析
art I I..J i st eni11g C.01n p r c l1e11s10[20 minut e s] Directions: This part is to test your lis砌ing ability. It consfats of 4 sections.Section 1-\Directions: T h is section is to test you1书ability to understand s加rt dialogues. The re are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each di啦gue,t加re is a recorded question. Both the dialogues·andquestions wil l be spok勿i only once. When you hear a question, you s加uld decide on thecon·ect answ研介01n t加4clwices marked AJ, BJ, CJ and DJ given in your test p a per.Then you s加uld mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Example: You will he吓You而U read: A) New York City. CJ An air trip.BJ An evening party. DJ The man's job.肝om t加dialogue we learn that the man is to take a flight to New York. Therefore, C) An air trip is the co灯ect answer. You sho讥d mark CJ on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the cen阮.Now the test will begin.1.A) Prepare the docurnen区B)Book a room for the meeting.2.A) He is going to a party.B)He is making a plan.3.A) The job is interesting.B)The enviromnent is friendly.4.A) The labour cost has risen.B)The income tax has gone up.5.A) Lowering the product price.B)Conducting a market sUIVey.Section B[A][B]伺[D]C)沁k all the managers to attend the meeting.D)Make several copies of the meeting agendaC)He likes to go to the cinema.D)He can't attend the lecture.C)The salary is attractive.D)The colleagues are nice.C)The management cost is on the rise.D)The raw material is in short SUJ:>ply.C)Making a promotion plan.D)Improving the product design.Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recorded questions. Both theconversations and questions will be spoken two times: When you hear a question, youshould decide on加correct answer from the 4 choices marked AJ, BJ, CJ and DJ given inyour比st paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the center. Now listen to the conversations.C o n ver s ation 16.A) He is away on business.B)He is having a meeting.7.A) His flight has been cancelled.B)He has to meet his lawyer.C)He is visiting a client.D)He is on sick leave.C)He was iltjtrred in an accident.D)He is suffering from a fever.8.A) HoldiJ.1g a telephone meetiI1g instead.B)Having it at the s扣ne time next Monday.C m we r sa t io n 29.A) Book a taxi.B)Reser v e a room.10.A) I廿s p邸spmt number.B)His friend's ad由ess.S e ctio C)AE,ldng their assistants to attend it.D)Putting it off until next month.C)Order breal<fast for him.D)Keep things for his friend.C)His room number and email address.D)His friend's name and phone number.Directions: In this section you will hear a recorded short passage. The passage is printed in the比st paper, but with some words or phrases missing. The passage will be re呱two times. Youare requi1攻ed to put the missing words or phrases on the Answer Sheet in order of thenumbered blanks according to what you hear. Now the passage will begin.We are now about to close th�marketing conference. We owe thanks to every member of staff who made the conference a 11 . We would like to thank all of the speakers who have made 12 and impressive speeches. Our thanks also go to every one of you for your contriputions and your appreciation. The energy and the enthusiasm surrounding this conference have been 13 . And now we'll go back··t o our business and put'those 14 into action. It's time to get back to start working on the ne}..1: phase. All customers are out there waiting for us to 15 .Section DD irections: This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages. You will hear a recordedpassage. After that you will加ar five questions. Both the passage and the questions will beread two _times. When you胧ar a question, you should complete t加answer to it with aword or a short phrase (in no more than 3 words). The questions and incomplete answersare printed in your test paper. You should write your answers on the Answer Sheet correspondingly. Now listen to t如passage.16.,¥hat should you think carefully about before renting a car?The you need.17.How can you get a best deal and save money when renting a car?B y offered by different cru·rental companies.18.V.'hy are you advised to have the car rental company's phone number?In case you need to19.W血should you remember to do if you are returning the car to an airpo兀?Remember to to check in to yo田flight.20.Why should you fill the gas ta nk before rett1rning the car?To save you extra fuel andPart II S tructure 日0minut e s] Direct ions: Tliis part is to test your ability to constr uct gramm atic咄y correc t senten ces. It con s is ts of2 sectio ns.Sect i o11 ADirecti ons: In this section, tliere are 10 incom plete senten ces. You are requir ed to comple te e a c h_ 9ne by decidin g on the nwst approp忧ate word or words frorrl the 4 choices marked A), BJ, CJ andDJ. T I砌you should 1narlc the correspo nding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrou gh the cente r.21.we are able to under乱tand your career object ives, the more likely we are able to help youachieve them.A)More B)The best C)The better D) Much22.You will not be able to improve your work you are aware of your shortcomings.A)if.. B)unless C) when _ D)since23.The training course to introduce you to the security check at the Airport.A)designs B)be designed C)designed·D)is designed24.other words, if employees feel part of the community, they will care more about it s devel-opment.A)In B)For C)On D)With25.We will provide you识th a training program proposal best !fleets your needs.A)who,,. B)what .C)that D)when26.Nearly every career book advises j ob-seekers to send thank-you letters afterA)interviewed B)being interviewed C)be·interviewed D)to be interviewed27.Before each meeting we will decide on the issue and you will be invited to express寸ewsand suggestions via the website.A)discussed B)to be discussed C)to discuss D)discussing28.The person resume best fits the needs of the employer w诅get a call for an interview.A)whose B)which C)that D)who29.we are living in the big data era, we are able to·collect and analyze as much patient in-formation as possible.A)Even though B)As if C)In that D)Now that30.It has been quite some time since we you at your office in Beijing.A)visit B)visited·C) have visited D)had visited Section BDirections: There are 5 incomplele stat叩ents here. You should fill in each blank with the prop窃扣rm 。
湖南省G10教育联盟2018-2019学年高一下学期入学考试数学试题 PDF版含答案
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浙江省温州市2018-2019学年八年级上学期期末考试数学试题
浙江省温州市2018-2019学年八年级上学期期末考试数学试题一、选择题(本大题共10小题,共30.0分)1.在直角坐标系中,点A(-6,5)位于()A. 第一象限B. 第二象限C. 第三象限D. 第四象限2.不等式x+1<2的解为()A. x<3B. x<1C. x<−1D. x>13.直线y=-2x+6与x轴的交点坐标是()A. (0,6)B. (6,0)C. (0,3)D. (3,0)4.一副三角板按如图所示方式叠放在一起,则图中∠α等于()A. 105∘B. 115∘C. 120∘D. 135∘5.下列选项中a的值,可以作为命题“a2>4,则a>2”是假命题的反例是()A. a=3B. a=2C. a=−3D. a=−26.下列选项中的尺规作图,能推出PA=PC的是()A. B.C. D.7.如图,将点P(-1,3)向右平移n个单位后落在直线y=2x-1上的点P′处,则n等于()A. 2B. 2.5C. 3D. 48.如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC=6,点D在边AC上,AD的中垂线交BC于点E.若∠AED=∠B,CE=3BE,则CD等于()A. 32B. 2C. 83D. 39.如图,在等腰△OAB中,∠OAB=90°,点A在x轴正半轴上,点B在第一象限,以AB为斜边向右侧作等腰Rt△ABC,则直线OC的函数表达式为()A. y=2xB. y=12x C. y=3x D. y=13x10.如图1,四边形ABCD中,AB∥CD,∠B=90°,AC=AD.动点P从点B出发沿折线B-A-D-C方向以1单位/秒的速度运动,在整个运动过程中,△BCP的面积S与运动时间t(秒)的函数图象如图2所示,则AD等于()A. 10B. 89C. 8D. 41二、填空题(本大题共8小题,共24.0分)11.若2a<2b,则a______b.(填“>”或“=”或“<”)12.点A(2,3)关于x轴的对称点的坐标是______.13.设等腰三角形的底角为x度,顶角为y度,则y关于x的函数表达式为______.14.“a的2倍与b的和是正数”用不等式表示为______.15.m的值为______.16.轴于点B,点C在第一象限内,若△ABC是等边三角形,则点C的坐标为______.17.如图,在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,∠ACB与∠CAB的平分线交于点P,PD⊥AB于点D,若△APC与△APD的周长差为2,四边形BCPD的周长为12+2,则BC等于______.18.如图是小章为学校举办的数学文化节没计的标志,在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,以△ABC的各边为边作三个正方形,点G落在HI上,若AC+BC=6,空自部分面积为10.5,则阴影部分面积为______.三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共46.0分)3(x+2)≥x+4,并把解表示在数轴上.19.解不等式组x+1<420.如图,点A,F,C,D在同一条直线上,EF∥BC,AB∥DE,AB=DE,求证:AF=CD.21.在直角坐标系中,我们把横、纵坐标都为整数的点称为整点,记顶点都是整点的三角形为整点三角形,如图,已知整点A(2,2),B(4,1),请在所给网格区域(含边界)上按要求画整点三角形.(1)在图1中画一个等腰△PAB,使点P的横坐标大于点A的横坐标.(2)在图2中画一个直角△PAB,使点P的横坐标等于点P,B的纵坐标之和.22.如图,在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,CD⊥AB于点D,CE平分∠DCB交AB于点E.(1)求证:∠AEC=∠ACE;(2)若∠AEC=2∠B,AD=2,求AB的长.23. 某校八年级举行英语演讲比赛,准备用1200元钱(全部用完)购买A ,B 两种笔记本作为奖品,已知A ,B 两种每本分别为12元和20元,设购入A 种x 本,B 种y 本.(1)求y 关于x 的函数表达式.(2)若购进A 种的数量不少于B 种的数量.①求至少购进A 种多少本?②根据①的购买,发现B 种太多,在费用不变的情况下把一部分B 种调换成另一种C ,调换后C 种的数量多于B 种的数量,已知C 种每本8元,则调换后C 种至少有______本(直接写出答案)24. 如图,直线y =kx +8(k <0)交y 轴于点A ,交x 轴于点B .将△AOB 关于直线AB 翻折得到△APB .过点A 作AC ∥x 轴交线段BP 于点C ,在AC 上取点D ,且点D 在点C 的右侧,连结BD .(1)求证:AC =BC(2)若AC =10.①求直线AB 的表达式.②若△BCD 是以BC 为腰的等腰三角形,求AD 的长.(3)若BD 平分∠OBP 的外角,记△APC 面积为S 1,△BCD 面积为S 2,且S 1S 2=23,则OB AD 的值为______(直接写出答案)参考答案1.【答案】B【解析】解:∵所给点的横坐标是-6为负数,纵坐标是5为正数,∴点(-6,5)在第二象限,故选:B.根据所给点的横纵坐标的符号可得所在象限.本题主要考查象限内点的符号特点;用到的知识点为:符号为(-,+)的点在第二象限.2.【答案】B【解析】解:x+1<2,x<1,故选:B.根据不等式的性质求出即可.本题考查了解一元一次不等式,能根据不等式的性质进行变形是解此题的关键.3.【答案】D【解析】解:当y=0时,0=-2x+6,∴x=3,即直线y=-2x+6与x轴的交点坐标为(3,0),故选:D.把y=0代入即可求出直线y=-2x+6与x轴的交点坐标.本题考查了一次函数图象上点的坐标特征,掌握直线与x轴的交点的纵坐标为0是本题的关键.4.【答案】A【解析】解:由三角形的内角和定理可知:α=180°-30°-45°=105°,故选:A.利用三角形内角和定理计算即可.本题考查三角形内角和定理,解题的关键是理解题意,灵活运用所学知识解决问题,属于中考基础题.5.【答案】C【解析】解:用来证明命题“若a2>4,则a>2”是假命题的反例可以是:a=-3,∵(-3)2>4,但是a=-3<2,∴C正确;故选:C.根据要证明一个命题结论不成立,可以通过举反例的方法来证明一个命题是假命题.此题主要考查了利用举例法证明一个命题错误,要说明数学命题的错误,只需举出一个反例即可,这是数学中常用的一种方法.6.【答案】D【解析】解:A.由此作图知CA=CP,不符合题意;B.由此作图知BA=BP,不符合题意;C由此作图知∠ABP=∠CBP,不符合题意;D.由此作图知PA=PC,符合题意;故选:D.根据角平分线和线段中垂线的尺规作图及其性质知.本题考查了基本作图:复杂作图是在五种基本作图的基础上进行作图,一般是结合了几何图形的性质和基本作图方法.解决此类题目的关键是熟悉基本几何图形的性质,结合几何图形的基本性质把复杂作图拆解成基本作图,逐步操作.7.【答案】C【解析】解:∵将点P(-1,3)向右平移n个单位后落在点P′处,∴点P′(-1+n,3),∵点P′在直线y=2x-1上,∴2(-1+n)-1=3,解得n=3.故选:C.根据向右平移横坐标相加,纵坐标不变得出点P′的坐标,再将点P′的坐标代入y=2x-1,即可求出n的值.本题考查了一次函数图象与几何变换,一次函数图象上点的坐标特征,求出点P′的坐标是解题的关键.8.【答案】B【解析】解:∵AB=AC=6,∴∠B=∠C,∵∠AED=∠B,∠BAE=180°-∠B-∠AEB,∠CED=180°-∠AED-∠AEB,∴∠BAE=∠CED,∵AD的中垂线交BC于点E,∴AE=DE,在△ABE与△ECD中,,∴△ABE≌△ECD(AAS),∴CE=AB=6,BE=CD,∵CE=3BE,∴CD=BE=2,故选:B.根据等腰三角形的性质得到∠B=∠C,推出∠BAE=∠CED,根据线段垂直平分线的性质得到AE=DE,根据全等三角形的性质得到CE=AB=6,BE=CD,即可得到结论.本题考查了等腰三角形的性质,线段垂直平分线的性质,全等三角形的判定和性质,熟练掌握全等三角形的判定和性质是解题的关键.9.【答案】D【解析】解:如图,作CK⊥AB于K.∵CA=CB,∠ACB=90°,CK⊥AB,∴CK=AK=BK,设AK=CK=BK=m,∵AO=AB,∠OAB=90°,∴OA=AB=2m,∴C(3m,m),设直线OC的解析式为y=kx,则有m=3mk,解得k=,∴直线OC的解析式为y=x,故选:D.如图,作CK⊥AB于K.首先证明CK=AK=KB,设AK=CK=BK=m,求出点C 的坐标即可解决问题.本题考查等腰直角三角形的性质,一次函数的应用,解题的关键是学会添加常用辅助线,学会利用参数解决问题,属于中考常考题型.10.【答案】B【解析】解:当t=5时,点P到达A处,即AB=5,过点A作AE⊥CD交CD于点E,则四边形ABCE为矩形,∵AC=AD,∴DE=CE=CD,当s=40时,点P到达点D处,则S=CD•BC=(2AB)•BC=5×BC=40,则BC=8,AD=AC==,故选:B.当t=5时,点P到达A处,即AB=5;当s=40时,点P到达点D处,即可求解.本题以动态的形式考查了分类讨论的思想、函数的知识和等腰三角形,具有很强的综合性.11.【答案】<【解析】解:∵2a<2b,不等式的两边同时除以2得:a<b,故答案为:<.利用不等式的性质,把已知不等式的两边同时除以2,不等号的方向不变,即可得到答案.本题考查了不等式的性质,正确掌握不等式的性质是解题的关键.12.【答案】(2,-3)【解析】解:点A(2,3)关于x轴的对称点的坐标是(2,-3).故答案为:(2,-3).根据“关于x轴对称的点,横坐标相同,纵坐标互为相反数”解答.本题考查了关于x轴、y轴对称的点的坐标,解决本题的关键是掌握好对称点的坐标规律:(1)关于x轴对称的点,横坐标相同,纵坐标互为相反数;(2)关于y轴对称的点,纵坐标相同,横坐标互为相反数;(3)关于原点对称的点,横坐标与纵坐标都互为相反数.13.【答案】y=180-2x(0<x<90)【解析】解:由题意y=180-2x(0<x<90).故答案为y=180-2x(0<x<90).利用三角形内角和定理即可解决问题.本题考查等腰三角形的性质,函数关系式等知识,解题的关键是灵活运用所学知识解决问题,属于中考基础题.14.【答案】2a+b>0【解析】解:“a的2倍与b的和是正数”用不等式表示为2a+b>0,故答案为:2a+b>0.由a的2倍,即2a与b的和为2a+b、正数即“>0”可得答案.本题考查了由实际问题抽象出一元一次不等式,读懂题意,抓住关键词语,弄清运算的先后顺序和不等关系,才能把文字语言的不等关系转化为用数学符号表示的不等式.15.【答案】11【解析】解:∵y是关于x的一次函数,∴设y=kx+b,把(0,20),(4,8)代入y=kx+b,得:,解得,故一次函数的解析式为y=-3x+20,把(3,m)代入y=-3x+20,得:m=-3×3+20=11.故答案为:11把(0,20),(4,8)代入一次函数y=kx+b中,就可求出一次函数的解析式,然后把(3,m)带入一次函数解析中,即可求出m.本题主要考查一次函数上的点的坐标特征和一次函数解析式的关系.16.【答案】(2,3)【解析】解:∵直线y=-x+交x轴于点A,交y轴于点B,∴A(1,0),B(0,),∴AB=2又∵点C在第一象限内,若△ABC是等边三角形,∴AC=BC=2,故C(2,).故答案为:(2,)直线y=-x+交x轴于点A,交y轴于点B,首先可求出A,B两点的坐标,点C在第一象限,△ABC是等边三角形,即可求出C点的坐标.本题主要考查了一次函数的坐标特征,以及通过图形和一次函数结合的题目.17.【答案】6【解析】解:过P作PE⊥AC于E,PF⊥BC于F,连接PB,∵∠ACB与∠CAB的平分线交于点P,∴PB平分∠ABC,∵∠ACB=90°,∴四边形CEPF是矩形,∵CP是∠ACB的角平分线,∴PF=PE,∴矩形CEPF是正方形,∴设CE=x,∴CF=PE=x,PC=x,∵AP是∠CAB的角平分线,∴PE=PD,∵AP=AP,∴Rt△PAE≌Rt△PAD(HL),∴AD=AE,同理BD=BF,∵△APC与△APD的周长差为,∴PC=,∴CE=CF=PD=1,∵四边形BCPD的周长为12+,∴2BF+PC+PD+CF=12+,∴BF==5,∴BC=6.故答案为:6.过P作PE⊥AC于E,PF⊥BC于F,连接PB,根据已知条件得到PB平分∠ABC,推出矩形CEPF是正方形,设CE=x,得到CF=PE=x,PC=x,根据角平分线的性质得到PE=PD,根据全等三角形的性质得到AD=AE,同理BD=BF,根据已知条件即可得到结论.本题考查了角平分线的性质,全等三角形的判定和性质,正方形的判定和性质,正确的作出辅助线是解题的关键.18.【答案】17【解析】解:如图∵四边形ABGF是正方形,∴∠FAB=∠AFG=∠ACB=90°,∴∠FAC+∠BAC=∠FAC+∠ABC=90°,∴∠FAC=∠ABC,在△FAM与△ABN中,,∴△FAM≌△ABN(AAS),∴S△FAM=S△ABN,∴S△ABC=S,四边形FNCM∵在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,∴AC2+BC2=AB2,∵AC+BC=6,∴(AC+BC)2=AC2+BC2+2AC•BC=36,∴AB2+2AC•BC=36,∵AB2-2S△ABC=10.5,∴AB2-AC•BC=10.5,∴3AB2=57,∴2AB2=38,∴阴影部分面积为=38-10.5×2=17,故答案为:17.根据余角的性质得到∠FAC=∠ABC,根据全等三角形的性质得到S△FAM=S△ABN,推出S△ABC=S,根据勾股定理得到AC2+BC2=AB2,四边形FNCM解方程组得到3AB2=57,于是得到结论.本题考查了勾股定理,正方形的性质,全等三角形的判定和性质,三角形的面积,正确的识别图形是解题的关键.19.【答案】解:,由①得x≥-1,由②得x<3,∴不等式组的解集是-1≤x<3,把不等式组的解集在数轴上表示为:【解析】根据不等式的性质求出不等式的解集,根据找不等式组解集的规律找出不等式组的解集即可.本题主要考查对解一元一次不等式(组),不等式的性质,在数轴上表示不等式的解集等知识点的理解和掌握,能根据不等式的解集找出不等式组的解集是解此题的关键.20.【答案】证明:∵EF∥BC,AB∥DE,∴∠EFC=∠BCA,∠A=∠D,在△ABC和△DEF中,∠EFC=∠BCA,∠A=∠DAB=DE∴△ABC≌△DEF(AAS),∴AC=DF,∴AC-FC=DF-FC,即AF=DC.【解析】根据两直线平行,内错角相等,可得∠EFC=∠BCA,∠A=∠D,再根据AAS证明△ABC≌△DEF,易证AC=DF,即可得证.本题主要考查全等三角形的性质与判定,解决此题的关键是能利用全等三角形的性质和判定证明AC=DF,再根据等式的性质即可得解.21.【答案】解:(1)如图1中,图中的点P即为所求.(大不唯一)(2)如图2中,图中的点P即为所求.【解析】(1)根据等腰三角形的定义以及题目条件,画出三角形即可.(2)根据直角三角形的定义以及题目条件,画出三角形即可.本题考查作图-应用与设计,等腰三角形的判定和性质,勾股定理以及逆定理等知识,解题的关键是学会利用数形结合的思想思考问题,属于中考常考题型.22.【答案】解:(1)∵∠ACB=90°,CD⊥AB,∴∠ACD+∠A=∠B+∠A=90°,∴∠ACD=∠B,∵CE平分∠BCD,∴∠BCE=∠DCE,∴∠B+∠BCE=∠ACD+∠DCE,即∠AEC=∠ACE;(2)∵∠AEC=∠B+∠BCE,∠AEC=2∠B,∴∠B=∠BCE,又∵∠ACD=∠B,∠BCE=∠DCE,∴∠ACD=∠BCE=∠DCE,又∵∠ACB=90°,∴∠ACD=30°,∠B=30°,∴Rt△ACD中,AC=2AD=4,∴Rt△ABC中,AB=2AC=8.【解析】(1)依据∠ACB=90°,CD⊥AB,即可得到∠ACD=∠B,再根据CE平分∠BCD,可得∠BCE=∠DCE,进而得出∠AEC=∠ACE;(2)依据∠ACD=∠BCE=∠DCE,∠ACB=90°,即可得到∠ACD=30°,进而得出Rt△ACD中,AC=2AD=4,Rt△ABC中,AB=2AC=8.本题主要考查了三角形内角和定理以及角平分线的定义,解题时注意:三角形内角和是180°.23.【答案】30【解析】解:(1)∵12x+20y=1200,∴y=,(2)①∵购进A种的数量不少于B种的数量,∴x≥y,∴x≥,∴x≥,∵x,y为正整数,∴至少购进A种40本,②设A种的数量为x本,B种的数量y本,C种的数量c本,根据题意得:12x+20y+8c=1200∴y=∵C种的数量多于B种的数量∴c>y∴c>∴c>,∵购进A种的数量不少于B种的数量,∴x≥y∴x≥∴c≥150-4x∴c>,且x,y,c为正整数,∴C种至少有30本故答案为30本.(1)根据A种的费用+B种的费用=1200元,可求y关于x的函数表达式;(2)①根据购进A种的数量不少于B种的数量,列出不等式,可求解;②设B种的数量m本,C种的数量n本,根据题意找出m,n的关系式,再根据调换后C种的数量多于B种的数量,列出不等式,可求解.本题考查一次函数的应用,不等式组等知识,解题的关键是学会构建一次函数解决实际问题,属于中考常考题型.24.【答案】56【解析】(1)证明:∵AC∥x轴,∴∠BAC=∠ABO.由折叠的性质,可知:∠ABO=∠ABC,∴∠BAC=∠ABC,∴AC=BC.(2)解:过点B作BE⊥CD于点E,如图1所示.①当x=0时,y=kx+8=8,∴点A的坐标为(0,8),BE=OA=8.在Rt△BCE中,BC=AC=10,BE=8,∴CE==6,∴OB=AE=AC+CE=16,∴点B的坐标为(16,0).将点B(16,0)代入y=kx+8,得:0=16k+8,解得:k=-,∴直线AB的表达式为y=-x+8.②当BC=DC时,AD=AC+CD=10+10=20;当BC=BD时,由①可知:CD=2CE=12,∴AD=AC+CD=10+12=22.综上:AD的长为20或22.(3)由折叠的性质,可知:AO=AP,∠APC=∠AOB=90°.∵S△APC=AP•PC=AO•PC,S△BCD=CD•AO,OA=BE,∴==,设PC=2a,则CD=3a.在△APC和△BEC中,,∴△APC≌△BEC(AAS),∴PC=EC.∵BD平分∠OBP的外角,CD∥x轴,∴∠CBD=∠CDB,∴CD=CB=3a.在Rt△BCE中,CB=3a,CE=2a,∴BE==a,∴OB=AC+CE=CD+CE=5a,AD=AC+CD=2CD=6a,∴=.(1)由平行线的性质可得出∠BAC=∠ABO,由折叠的性质可知∠ABO=∠ABC,进而可得出∠BAC=∠ABC,由等角对等边即可证出AC=BC;(2)过点B作BE⊥CD于点E.①利用一次函数图象上点的坐标特征可求出OA的长度,进而可得出BE的长度,在Rt△BCE中,利用勾股定理可求出CE 的长度,进而可得出OB,AE的长度,由OB的长度可得出点B的坐标,再利用待定系数法即可求出直线AB的表达式;②分BC=DC及BC=BD两种情况考虑:当BC=DC时,由AC=BC=10,可求出AD的长度;当BC=BD时,利用等腰三角形的性质结合①的结论可求出CD 的长度,进而可得出AD的长度.综上,此问得解;(3)由折叠的性质结合三角形的面积公式可得出=,设PC=2a,则CD=3a,易证△APC≌△BEC(AAS),由全等三角形的性质可得出CE=CP=2a,由角平分线的定义、平行线的性质结合等腰三角形的性质可得出CB=CD=AC=3a,在Rt△BCE中,利用勾股定理可求出CE=2a,进而可得出OB=5a,AD=6a,二者相比后即可得出的值.本题考查了折叠的性质、等腰三角形的判定与性质、平行线的性质、一次函数图象上点的坐标特征、勾股定理、待定系数法求一次函数解析式以及三角形的面积,解题的关键是:(1)利用平行线的性质及折叠的性质,找出∠BAC=∠ABC;(2)①根据点B的坐标,利用待定系数法求出一次函数表达式;②分BC=DC及BC=BD两种情况求出AD的长;(3)利用勾股定理及等腰三角形的性质,求出OB=5a,AD=6a.。
江苏省南京市第二十九中学2018-2019学年第一学期高二年级期中考试数学(文)试卷
2018-2019学年江苏省南京市二十九中高二第一学期期中试卷(文)一、填空题(本大题共14题,每小题5分,共计70分.)1. 命题"∃x ∈R ,x 2>9"的否定是.2. 命题"1"x >是2"1"x >的条件(填“充要”、“充分不必要”、“必要不充分”、“既不充分也不必要”中的一个).3. 函数2()f x x =在区间[1 , 1.1]上的平均变化率是.4. 已知函数()2xf x e x =-的到导数为'()f x ,则'()f x 的值是.5. 已知直线1:l 440,ax y ++=2:l 20,x ay ++=若12//l l ,则a 的值是.6. 已知点A (1,2),B (3, 4),若直线50x ky ++=与线段AB 有公共点,则实数k 取值范围是.7. 若x ,y 满足条件 x ≥0,x +2y ≥3 2x +y ≤3,,则z =x −y 的最小值是. 8. 已知双曲线22x y k -=的一个焦点是抛物线216y k =,则k 的值是.9. 若圆224x y +=与圆22160x y x m +-+=相外切,则实数m 的值是.10. 若经过椭圆22221(0)x y a b a b +=>>的焦点且垂直于x 轴的直线被椭圆截得的线段长为2a,则该椭圆的离心率为. 11. 已知椭圆222214x y a a +=-的左右焦点分别为1F ,2F ,若在椭圆上存在点P 使得12PF PF ⊥,且12PF F ∆的面积是2,则2a 的值是.12. 已知圆223)(4)4x y -+-=(的圆心为C, 点P ,Q 在圆上,若C Q P ∆则C到直线PQ 的距离为.13. 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,已知点A (1, 0),B (4, 0),若直线y+m=0x -上存在唯一的点P 使得PB=2PA ,则m 的值是.14. 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,已知双曲线22221(t [2,3])ln txt y -=∈的右焦点为F ,过F 作双曲线的渐进线的垂线,垂足为H ,则O FH ∆的面积的取值范围为.二、解答题(本大题共6题,共计90分)15. (本小题满分:14分)已知命题p :221m+14x y m +=-表示双曲线,已知命题q :221m+26x y m +=-表示焦点在x 轴上的椭圆.(1)已知命题p 为真命题,求实数m 的取值范围;(2)已知命题“p 或q ”为真命题,“p 且q ”为假命题,求m 的取值范围.16. (本小题满分14分)在平面直角坐标系xOy中,已知直线21=-+与圆O: 222(r0)y x+=>交于M,N两个x y r点,且MN.(1)求M,N的坐标;(2)求过O,M,N三点的圆的方程.17. (本小题满分14分)已知点1A(,1),(2,1),2B -函数2()log f x x =.(1)过原点O 作曲线y f x =(),求切线的方程; (2)曲线122y f x x =≤≤()()上是否存在P ,使得过P 的切线与直线AB 平行?若存在,则求出点P 的横坐标,若不存在,则请说明理由.18. (本小题满分16分)在平面直角坐标系xoy 中,已知点A (0,a )(a 是正整数),抛物线2y px =的焦点是(0, 1),P 是抛物线上的动点.(1)求抛物线的方程;(2)若PA的最小值是求a的值.19. (本小题满分16分)设2()(1)ln 2m f x m x x nx =-++(m,n 是常数) (1)若m=0,且()f x 在(1, 2)上单调递减,求n 的取值范围;(2)若m>0,且n=-1,求()f x 的单调区间.20. (本小题满分16分)在平面直角坐标系xOy中,已知椭圆22221(0)x ya ba b+=>>的离心率12,焦点到相应准线的距离是3.(1)求椭圆的方程;(2)如图,设A是椭圆的左顶点,动圆过定点E(1, 0)和F(7, 0),且直线4x=交于点P,Q.①求证:AP, AQ斜率的积是定值;②设AP,AQ分别与椭圆交于点M,N,求证:直线MN 过点.参考答案一、填空题1. "∀x∈R,x2≤9"2. 充分不必要3. 2.14. 15. -26. [-3,-2]7. -38. 89. 28 10. 11. 6 12. 113.±14.ln21 42c ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦,二、解答题15.16.17.18.19.20.。
