【毕业设计】冲压模具毕业设计外文翻译

【关键字】毕业设计

冲压模具毕业设计外文翻译

篇一:模具外文文献及翻译

The mold designing and manufacturing

The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country,

the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing

industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80's later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three

investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprise's

development also rapid quietly.

Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the

demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to,

large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year .

The Chinese mold industry must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the

state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the

upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the super

finishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops .

The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational

reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase;

"The three investments" and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked,

take Zhejiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area

development quickly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At

present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is

Guangdong and Zhejiang, places such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Shandong also has a bigger development in recent years.

Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scale, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, date, France, Italy many. The current existence question and the disparity mainly display in following several aspects:

(1) The total quantity falls short of demand

Domestic mold assembling one rate only, about 70%. Low-grade mold, center

upscale mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about.

(2) the enterprise organizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import and export structure does not gather

in our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles oneself the proportion to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the commodity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is "large and complete",

"small and entire" organization form, but overseas mostly is "small but", "is specially small and fine". Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long life mold accounts

for the total quantity proportion to be insufficient 30%, but overseas in 50% above

XX years, ratio of the mold import and export is 3.7:1, the import and export

balances the after net import volume to amount to 1.32 billion US dollars, is world mold net import quantity biggest country .

(3) The mold product level greatly is lower than the international standard

The production cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product

level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life and structure.

(4) Develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country

mold enterprise technical personnel proportion low

The level is lower, also does not take the product development, and is frequent in

the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately, ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry developed country mostly 15 to10, 000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10,

000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues

to use the workshop type management with it, truly realizes the enterprise which the modernized enterprise manages few

To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has

not obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but

also has the following several reasons: .

(1) Country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficiently

Although the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At

present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185; the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated enterprise loan extremely difficult.

(2) Talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the technical attack investment too urine

mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with

the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter

and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, colleges and institutes eye stares at is creating income, causes the mold profession invests too few in the scientific research development and the technical attack aspect, causes the mold technological development step doe not to be big, progresses does not be quick.

(3) The craft equipment level is low, also is not good, the using factor is low.

Recent years ,our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization rate low question cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time .

(4) Specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation

ability

Because receives "large and complete" "small and entire" the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% about, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the molds enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively

large-scale mold complete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence.

(5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation

technology fall

The mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can

affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool

steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement.

At present, our country economy still was at the high speed development phase, on

the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day

obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country

mold industry high speed development. On the one hand, the domestic mold market

will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the

mold purchase trend to our country extremely to be also obvious. Therefore, will take

a broad view the future, international, the domestic mold market overall development tendency prospect will favor, estimated the Chinese mold will obtain the high speed development under the good market environment, our country not only can become

the mold great nation, moreover certainly gradually will make the powerful nation to

the mold the ranks to make great strides forward. "15" period, the Chinese mold

industry level not only has the very big enhancement in the quantity and the archery

target aspect, moreover the profession structure, the product level, the development innovation ability, enterprise's system and the mechanism as well as the technology advancement aspect also can obtain a bigger development .

The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics,

the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network and so on many disciplines, is a comprehensive nature multi-disciplinary systems engineering.

The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to

larger-scale, precise, more complex and a more economical direction develops, the

mold product technical content unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle unceasingly reduces, the mold production faces the information, is not having the

chart, is fine, the automated direction develops, the mold enterprise to the technical integration, the equipment excellent, is producing approves the brand, the

management information, the management internationalization direction develops.

Mold profession in "十15" period needs to solve the key essential technology

should be the mold information, the digitized technology and precise, ultra fine, high speed, the highly effective manufacture technology aspect breakthroughAlong with the

national economy total quantity and the industry product technology

unceasing development, all the various trades and occupations to the mold demand

quantity more and more big, the specification more and more is also high.

Although mold type many, but its development should be with emphasis both can

meet the massive needs, and has the comparatively high-tech content, specially at

present domestic still could not be self-sufficient, needs the massive imports the mold

and can represent the development direction large-scale, precise, is complex, the long

篇二:冲压模具设计毕业设计开题报告

题目:

院系:

专业:

学生:

学号:

指导老师:

毕业设计开题报告冲压工艺分析与弯曲冲孔模具的设计三峡大学机械与材料学院机械设计制造及其自动化三峡大学机械与材料学院

冲压工艺分析与弯曲冲孔模具的设计开题报告

一、课题的来源

课题来源于生产实际,探讨冲压加工中较常见零件的工艺方法和结构设计。课题涉及知识面较广,且设计要求较高,对学生的设计能力,特别是思考能力是一个很好的锻炼。课题研究内容包括机械工程学科的力学,材料学,机械原理,机械设计,公差与互换性,机械制造工艺等知识,特别锻炼学生规范性设计的能力。使学生能得到全面的锻炼。课题要求学生具备较强的机构设计能力和创新能力,对学生是一个挑战。课题为典型的机械设计类课题,涉及机械知识全面,与工程机械专业方向结合紧密。

二、选题的现实意义和理论意义

冲压加工是现代机械制造业中先进高效的加工方法之一。它是利用安装在压力机上的模具,在常温或加热的条件下对板材施加压力使其变形和分解,从而获得一定形状、尺寸的零件的加工方法。因为它主要用于加工板料零件,所以又称板料冲压。

冲压加工的特点如下:

(1). 借助压力机的压力,利用模具能获得壁薄、质量轻、刚性好、形状复杂的零件,这些零件用其他的方法难以加工甚至无法加工;

(2). 冲压加工的零件精度高、尺寸稳定,具有良好的互换性;

(3).冲压加工是少、无切削加工的一种,部分零件冲压直接成形,大部分无需任何再加工,材料利用率高,达85%以上;

(4).生产效率高,生产过程容易实现机械化和自动化,适合于大批大量生产;

(5.)操作简单,便于组织生产和管理。

冲压加工的缺点是模具制造的周期长,制造成本高,不适于单件小批量生产;其次,冲压加工多用机械压力机,由于滑块往复运动快,大量手工操作,劳动强度较大,易发生事故,

安全生产与管理要求高,须采用必要的安全技术措施来保证。

冲压加工的应用十分广泛,不仅可以加工金属材料,而且可以加工非金属材料。在现代制造业,比如汽车、拖拉机、农业机械、电机、电器、仪表、化工容器、玩具以及日常生活用品的生产方面,都占有十分重要的地位。

冲压加工在国民经济各个领域应用范围相当广泛。例如,在宇航,航空,军工,机械,农机,电子,信息,铁道,邮电,交通,化工,医疗器具,日用电器及轻工等部门里都有冲压加工。不但整个产业界都用到它,而且每个人都直接与冲压产品发生联系。像飞机,火车,汽车,拖拉机上就有许多大,中,小型冲压件。小轿车的车身,车架及

车圈等零部件都是冲压加工出来的。据有关调查统计,自行车,缝纫机,手表里有80%是冲压件;电视机,收录机,摄像机里有90%是冲压件;还有食品金属罐壳,钢精锅炉,搪瓷盆碗及不锈钢餐具,全都是使用模具的冲压加工产品;就连电脑的硬件中也缺少不了冲压件。

但是,冲压加工所使用的模具一般具有专用性,有时一个复杂零件需要数套模具才能加工成形,且模具制造的精度高,技术要求高,是技术密集形产品。所以,只有在冲压件生产批量较大的情况下,冲压加工的优点才能充分体现,从而获得较好的经济效益的。

当然,冲压加工也存在着一些问题和缺点。主要表现在冲压加工时产生的噪音和振动两种公害,而且操作者的安全事故时有发生。不过,这些问题并不完全是由于冲压加工工艺及模具本身带来的,而主要是由于传统的冲压设备及落后的手工操作造成的。随着科学技术的进步,特别是计算机技术的发展,随着机电一体化技术的进步,这些问题一定会尽快二完善的得到解决。

三、国内外的研究现状及分析

据统计,XX年我国生产汽车冲压件约240万吨/8亿件,摩托车冲压件约28万吨/19亿件,拖拉机、农用车冲压件约96万吨/7.1亿件,家用空调和冰箱冲压件100万吨/12.8亿件。业内专家预计,随着冲压成形行业最大用户市场--汽车行业今后继续迅猛发展,中国冲压行业已迎来了一个快速发展机遇期,但能否抓住机遇获得新的更快的发展,前进的道路上尚有许多阻力和障碍需要克服与突破。

(1)机械化、自动化程度低

美国680条冲压线中有70%为多工位压力机,日本国内250条生产线有32%为多工位压力机,而这种代表当今国际水平的大型多工位压力机在我国的应用却为数不多;中小企业设备普遍较落后,耗能耗材高,环境污染严重;封头成形设备简陋,手工操作比重大;精冲机价格昂贵,是普通压力机的5~10倍,多数企业无力投资阻碍了精冲技术在我国的推广应用;液压成形,尤其是内高压成形,设备投资大,国内难以起步。

(2)生产集中度低

许多汽车集团大而全,形成封闭内部配套,导致各企业的冲压件种类多,生产集中度低,规模小,易造成低水平的重复建设,难以满足专业化分工生产,市场竞争力弱;摩托车冲压行业面临激烈的市场竞争,处于“优而不胜,劣而不汰”的状态;封头制造企业小而散,集中度仅39.2%。

(3)冲压板材自给率不足,品种规格不配套

目前,我国汽车薄板只能满足60%左右,而高档轿车用钢板,如高强度板、合金化镀锌板、超宽板(1650mm以上)等都依赖进口。

(4)科技成果转化慢先进工艺推广慢

在我国,许多冲压新技术起步并不晚,有些还达到了国际先进水平,但常常很难形成生产力。先进冲压工艺应用不多,有的仅处于试用阶段,吸收、转化、推广速度慢。技术开发费用投入少,导致企业对先进技术的掌握应用慢,开发创新能力不足,中小企业在这方面的差距更甚。目前,国内企业大部分仍采用传统冲压技术,对下一代轻量化汽车结构和用材所需的成形技术缺少研究与技术储备。

(5)大、精模具依赖进口

当前,冲压模具的材料、设计、制作均满足不了国内汽车发展的需要,而且标准化程度尚低,大约为40%~45%,而国际上一般在70%左右。

(6)专业人才缺乏

业内掌握先进设计分析技术和数字化技术的高素质人才远远不能满足冲压行业飞速发展的需要,尤其是摩托车行业中具备冲压知识和技术和技能的专业人才更为缺乏且大量外流。另外,众多合资公司由外方进行工程设计,掌握设计权、投资权,我方冲压技术人员难以真正掌握冲压工艺的真谛。

冲压成形用户市场的迅猛发展为冲压行业带来了全新的发展机遇,虽然在冲压业发展的道路上还存在着各种各样的阻力与障碍,但我们始终相信,这些都阻挡不了冲压行业前进的步伐。

科学技术的迅猛发展, 尤其是在现有资源及环境不可过分乐观的形势下, 对冲压加工乃至整个塑性加工业等都提出了严重的挑战。减轻重量, 节省材料, 降低能耗, 开拓创新已成为塑性加工业等面临的一个极其重要的课题。不可否认在金属加工中, 冲压是成形效率和材料利用率最高的加工方式之一, 其具有自己独特的优势与特点。面对严重挑战, 冲压加工正以新的姿态, 向铸造、锻压、焊接和机械加工等领域开拓, 已经并正在生产出许多具有时代特点的产品, 展现了冲压加工广阔的天地。例如冲压发动机壳体、冲压摇臂、冲压摇臂座、冲压排气管、冲压焊接成形的离心泵、冲压托架、冲压焊接成形的汽车后轿壳、冲压离合器壳体、冲压变速箱壳体、冲压皮带轮等等, 所有这些不仅一改过去工件由铸造、焊接生产而呈现的粗笨外表, 许多冲压件的精度也毫不逊色于机械加工的产品, 其结构合理性甚至要超过某些机械加工产品, 尤其是其生产率又远非机械加工所能比拟。而复合冲压、微细冲压、智能化冲压、绿色冲压等高新技术又向我们展示了冲压加工极具魅力的新领域, 可以说冲压加工不论从深度, 还是从广度上都大有作为, 前景美好。

四、设计的目的、要求和规划

1、设计的目的

总结和巩固根底技术课程和专业课程中所获得的知识,综合应用这些知识,并将理论知识用于解决生产实际问题;通过设计使学生获得课堂讲授不易掌握的冲模结构知识;培养学生的设计、计算和绘图能力,培养学生独立解决冲压范围内工程问题的能力。2、设计的要求

1) 巩固和扩大本课程所学的理论知识。

2) 综合运用本课程和其它课程的知识,能够设计一般冲压零件的工艺过程和模具。

3) 进一步提高设计、计算和绘图能力,熟悉工程计算方法和技巧,正确绘制装配图和零件工作图,要求做到:字体端正,图面整洁。通过编写计算说明书,提高总结技术问题与编写报告的能力。

4) 熟悉使用机械零件手册、冲压设计资料(如《模具设计与制造简明手册》、《冷冲压模具结构图册》)、技术规范、国家标准(如《冷冲模国家标准》)以及其它技术资料。

5) 树立正确的设计思想,设计必须从实际出发,在设计中培养学生认真踏实的工作态度和工作作风。

3、设计的工作规划

应充分研究设计任务书,了解产品用途,并进行冲压件的工艺性及尺寸公差等级分析,对于一些冲压件结构不合理或工艺性不好的,必须征询指导教师的意见后进行改进。在初步明确设计要求的根底上,可按以下步骤进行冲压总体方案的论证。

1) 酝酿冲压模具设计安排的初步方案,并画出各步的冲压工序草图;

2) 通过工序安排计算及《冲压模具结构图册》等技术资料,验证各步的冲压模具设计方案是否可行,构画该道工序的模具结构草图。

3) 构画其它模具的结构草图,进一步推敲上述冲压工序安排方案是否合理可行。

4) 冲压工序安排方案经指导教师过目后,即可正式绘制各步的冲压工序图,并着手按照“任务书”上的要求进行课程设计。

篇三:外文翻译(模具)

模具的发展

1模具在工业生产中的地位

模具是大批量生产同形产品的工具,是工业生产的主要工艺装备。

采用模具生产零部件,具有生产效率高、质量好、成本低、节约能源和原材料等一系列优点,用模具生产制件所具备的高精度、高复杂程度、高一致性、高生产率和低消耗,是其他加工制造方法所不能比拟的。已成为当代工业生产的重要手段和工艺发展方向。现代经济的根底工业。现代工业品的发展和技术水平的提高,很大程度上取决于模具工业的发展水平,因此模具工业对国民经济和社会发展将起越来越大的作用。1989年3月国务院颁布的《关于当前产业政策要点的决定》中,把模具列为机械工业技术改造序列的第一位、生产和基本建设序列的第二位(仅次于大型发电设备及相应的输变电设备),确立模具工业在国民经济中的重要地位。1997年以来,又相继把模具及其加工技术和设备列入了《当前国家重点鼓励发展的产业、产品和技术目录》和《鼓励外商投资产业目录》。经国务院批准,从1997年到XX年,对80多家国有专业模具厂实行增值税返还70%的优惠政策,以扶植模具工业的发展。所有这些,都充分体现了国务院和国家有关部门对发展模具工业的重视和支持。目前全世界模具年产值约为600亿美元,日、美等工业发达国家的模具工业产值已超过机床工业,从1997年开始,我国模具工业产值也超过了机床工业产值。据统计,在家电、玩具等轻工行业,近90%的零件是综筷具生产的;在飞机、汽车、农机和无线电行业,这个比例也超过60%。例如飞机制造业,某型战斗机模具使用量超过三万套,其中主机八千套、发动机二千套、辅机二万套。从产值看,80年代以来,美、日等工业发达国家模具行业的产值已超过

机床行业,并又有继续

增长的趋势。据国际生产技术协会预测,到XX年,产品尽件粗加工的75%、精加工的50%将由模具完成;金属、塑料、陶瓷、橡胶、建材等工业制品大部分将由模具完成,50%以上的金属板材、80%以上的塑料都特通过模具转化成制品。

2模具的历史发展

模具的出现可以追溯到几千年前的陶器和青铜器铸造,但其大规模使用却是随着现代工业的掘起而发展起来的。

19世纪,随着军火工业(枪炮的弹壳)、钟表工业、无线电工业的发展,冲模得到广泛使用。二次大战后,随着世界经济的飞速发展,它又成了大量生产家用电器、汽车、电子仪器、照相机、钟表等零件的最佳方式。从世界范围看,当时美国的冲压技术走在前列——许多模具先进技术,如简易模具、高效率模具、高寿命模具和冲压自动化技术,大多起源于美国;而瑞士的精冲、德国的冷挤压技术,苏联对塑性加工的研究也处于世界先进行列。50年代,模具行业工作重点是根据订户的要求,制作能满足产品要求的模具。模具设计多凭经验,参考已有图纸和感性认识,对所设计模具零件的机能缺乏真切了解。从1955年到1965年,是压力加工的探索和开发时代——对模具主要零部件的机能和受力状态进行了数学分桥,并把这些知识不断应用于现场实际,使得冲压技术在各方面有飞跃的发展。其结果是归纳出模具设计原则,并使得压力机械、冲压材料、加工方法、梅具结构、模具材料、模具制造方法、自动化装置等领域面貌一新,并向实用化的方向推进,从而使冲压加工从仪能生产优良产品的第一阶段。

进入70年代向高速化、启动化、精密化、安全化发展的第二阶段。在这个过程中不断涌现各种高效率、商寿命、高精度助多功能自动校具。其代表是多达别多个工位的级进模和十几个工位的多工位传递模。在此根底上又发展出既有连续冲压工位又有多滑块成形工位的压力机—弯曲机。在此期间,日本站到了世界最前列——其模具加工精度进入了微米级,模具寿命,合金工具钢制造的模具达到了几千万次,硬质合金钢制造的模具达到了几亿次p 每分钟冲压次数,小型压力机通常为200至300次,最高为1200次至1500次。在此期间,为了适应产品更新快、用期短(如汽车改型、玩具翻新等)的需要,各种经济型模具,如锌落合金模具、聚氨酯橡胶模具、钢皮冲模等也得到了很大发展。

从70年代中期至今可以说是计算机辅助设计、辅助制造技术不断发展的时代。随着模具加工精度与复杂性不断提高,生产周期不断加快,模具业对设备和人员素质的要求也不断提高。依靠普通加工设备,凭经验和手艺越来越不能满足模具生产的(本文来自:小草范文网:冲压模具毕业设计外文翻译)需要。90年代以来,机械技术和电子技术紧密结合,发展了NC机床,如数控线切割机床、数控电火花机床、数控铣床、数控坐标磨床等。而采用电子计算机自动编程、控制的CNC机床提高了数控机床的使用效率和范围。近年来又发展出由一台计算机以分时的方式直接管理和控制一群数控机床的NNC系统。

随着计算机技术的发展,计算机也逐步进入模具生产的各个领域,包括设计、制造、管理等。国际生产研究协会预测,到XX年,作为设计和制造之间联系手段的图纸将失去其主要作用。模具自动设计的最根本点是必须确立模具零件标准及设计标准。要摆脱过去以人的思考判断和实际经验为中心所组成的设计方法,就必须把过去的经验和思考方法,进行系列

化、数值化、数式化,作为设计准则储存到计算机中。因为模具构成元件也干差万别,要搞出一个能适应各种零件的设计软件几乎不可能。但是有些产品的零件形状变化不大,模具结构有一定的规律,放可总结归纳,为自动设计提供软件。如日本某公司的CDM系统用于级进模设计与制造,其中包括零件图形输入、毛坯展开、条料排样、确定模板尺寸和标准、绘制装配图和零件图、输出NC程序(为数控加工中心和线切割编程)等,所用时间由手工的20%、工时减少到35小时;从80年代初日本就将三维的CAD/CAM系统用于汽车覆盖件模具。目前,在实体件的扫描输入,图线和数据输入,几何造形、显示、绘图、标注以及对数据的自动编程,产生效控机床控制系统的后置处理文件等方面已达到较高水平;计算机仿真(CAE)技术也取得了一定成果。在高层次上,CAD/CAM/CAE集成的,即数据是统一的,可以互相直接传输信息.实现网络化。目前.国外仅有少数厂家能够做到。

3我国模具工业现状及发展趋势

由于历史原因形成的封闭式、“大而全”的企业特征,我国大部分企业均设有模具车间,处于本厂的配套地位,自70年代末才有了模具工业化和生产专业化这个概念。生产效率不高,经济效益较差。模具行业的生产小而散乱,跨行业、投资密集,专业化、商品化和技术管理水平都比较低。

据不完全统计,全国现有模具专业生产厂、产品厂配套的模具车间(分厂)近17000家,约60万从业人员,年模具总产值达200亿元人民币。但是,我国模具工业现有能力只能满足需求量的60%左右,还不能适应国民经济发展的需要。目前,国内需要的大型、精密、复杂和长寿命的模具还主要依靠进口。据海关统计,1997年进口模具价值6.3亿美元,这还不包括随设备一起进口的模具;1997年出口模具仅为7800万美元。目前我国模具工业的技术水平和制造能力,是我国国民经济建设中的薄弱环节和制约经济持续发展的瓶颈。

3.1 模具工业产品结构的现状

按照中国模具工业协会的划分,我国模具基本分为10大类,其中,冲压模和塑料成型模两大类占主要部分。按产值计算,目前我国冲压模占50%左右,塑料成形模约占20%,拉丝模(工具)约占10%,而世界上发达工业国家和地区的塑料成形模比例一般占全部模具产值的40%以上。

我国冲压模大多为简单模、单工序模和符合模等,精冲模,精密多工位级进模还为数不多,模具平均寿命不足100万次,模具最高寿命达到1亿次以上,精度达到3~5um,有50个以上的级进工位,与国际上最高模具寿命6亿次,平均模具寿命5000万次相比,处于80年代中期国际先进水平。

我国的塑料成形模具设计,制作技术起步较晚,整体水平还较低。目前单型腔,简单型腔的模具达70%以上,仍占主导地位。一模多腔精密复杂的塑料注射模,多色塑料注射模已经能初步设计和制造。模具平均寿命约为80万次左右,主要差距是模具零件变形大、溢边毛刺大、表面质量差、模具型腔冲蚀和腐蚀严重、模具排气不畅和型腔易损等,注射模精度已达到5um以下,最高寿命已突破XX万次,型腔数量已超过100腔,达到了80年代中期至90年代初期的国际先进水平。

3.2 模具工业技术结构现状

我国模具工业目前技术水平参差不齐,悬殊较大。从总体上来讲,与发达工业国家及港

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台地区先进水平相比,还有较大的差距。

在采用CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP等技术设计与制造模具方面,无论是应用的广泛性,还是技术水平上都存在很大的差距。在应用CAD技术设计模具方面,仅有约

10%的模具在设计中采用了CAD,距抛开绘图板还有漫长的一段路要走;在应用CAE进行模具方案设计和分析计算方面,也才刚刚起步,大多还处于试用和动画游戏阶段;在应用CAM技术制造模具方面,一是缺乏先进适用的制造装备,二是现有的工艺设备(包括近10多年来引进的先进设备)或因计算机制式(IBM微机及其兼容机、HP工作站等)不同,或因字节差异、运算速度差异、抗电磁干扰能力差异等,联网率较低,只有5%左右的模具制造设备近年来才开展这项工作;在应用CAPP技术进行工艺规划方面,基本上处于空白状态,需要进行大量的标准化根底工作;在模具共性工艺技术,如模具快速成型技术、抛光技术、电铸成型技术、表面处理技术等方面的CAD/CAM技术应用在我国才刚起步。计算机辅助技术的软件开发,尚处于较低水平,需要知识和经验的积累。我国大部分模具厂、车间的模具加工设备陈旧,在役期长、精度差、效率低,至今仍在使用普通的锻、车、铣、刨、钻、磨设备加工模具,热处理加工仍在使用盐浴、箱式炉,操作凭工人的经验,设备简陋,能耗高。设备更新速度缓慢,技术改造,技术进步力度不大。虽然近年来也引进了不少先进的模具加工设备,但过于分散,或不配套,利用率一般仅有25%左右,设备的一些先进功能也未能得到充分发挥。

缺乏技术素质较高的模具设计、制造工艺技术人员和技术工人,尤其缺乏知识面宽、知识结构层次高的复合型人才。中国模具行业中的技术人员,只占从业人员的8%~12%左右,且技术人员和技术工人的总体技术水平也较低。1980年以前从业的技术人员和技术工人知识老化,知识结构不能适应现在的需要;而80年代以后从业的人员,专业知识、经验匮乏,动手能力差,不安心,不愿学技术。近年来人才外流不仅造成人才数量与素质水平下降,而且人才结构也出现了新的断层,青黄不接,使得模具设计、制造的技术水平难以提高。

3.3 模具工业配套材料,标准件结构现状

近10多年来,特别是“八五”以来,国家有关部委已多次组织有关材料研究所、大专院校和钢铁企业,研究和开发模具专用系列钢种、模具专用硬质合金及其他模具加工的专用工具、辅助材料等,并有所推广。但因材料的质量不够稳定,缺乏必要的试验条件和试验数据,规格品种较少,大型模具和特种模具所需的钢材及规格还有缺口。在钢材供应上,解决用户的零星用量与钢厂的批量生产的供需矛盾,尚

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冲压类外文翻译、中英文翻译冲压模具设计

附件1:外文资料翻译译文 冲压模具设计 对于汽车行业与电子行业,各种各样的板料零件都是有各种不同的成型工艺所生产出来的,这些均可以列入一般种类“板料成形”的范畴。板料成形(也称为冲压或压力成形)经常在厂区面积非常大的公司中进行。 如果自己没有去这些大公司访问,没有站在巨大的机器旁,没有感受到地面的震颤,没有看巨大型的机器人的手臂吧零件从一个机器移动到另一个机器,那么厂区的范围与价值真是难以想象的。当然,一盘录像带或一部电视专题片不能反映出汽车冲压流水线的宏大规模。站在这样的流水线旁观看的另一个因素是观看大量的汽车板类零件被进行不同类型的板料成形加工。落料是简单的剪切完成的,然后进行不同类型的加工,诸如:弯曲、拉深、拉延、切断、剪切等,每一种情况均要求特殊的、专门的模具。 而且还有大量后续的加工工艺,在每一种情况下,均可以通过诸如拉深、拉延与弯曲等工艺不同的成形方法得到所希望的得到的形状。根据板料平面的各种各样的受应力状态的小板单元体所可以考虑到的变形情形描述三种成形,原理图1描述的是一个简单的从圆坯料拉深成一个圆柱水杯的成形过程。 图1 板料成形一个简单的水杯

拉深是从凸缘型坯料考虑的,即通过模具上冲头的向下作用使材料被水平拉深。一个凸缘板料上的单元体在半径方向上被限定,而板厚保持几乎不变。板料成形的原理如图2所示。 拉延通常是用来描述在板料平面上的两个互相垂直的方向被拉长的板料的单元体的变形原理的术语。拉延的一种特殊形式,可以在大多数成形加工中遇到,即平面张力拉延。在这种情况下,一个板料的单元体仅在一个方向上进行拉延,在拉长的方向上宽度没有发生变化,但是在厚度上有明确的变化,即变薄。 图2 板料成形原理 弯曲时当板料经过冲模,即冲头半径加工成形时所观察到的变形原理,因此在定向的方向上受到改变,这种变形式一个平面张力拉长与收缩的典型实例。 在一个压力机冲程中用于在一块板料上冲出一个或多个孔的一个完整的冲压模具可以归类即制造商标准化为一个单工序冲孔模具,如图3所示。

模具设计与制造专业外文翻译--冲压成形与板材冲压

模具设计与制造专业外文翻译--冲压成形与板材冲压外文原文 Characteristics and Sheet Metal Forming 1.The article overview Stamping is a kind of plastic forming process in which a part is produced by means of the plastic forming the material under the action of a die. Stamping is usually carried out under cold state, so it is also called stamping. Heat stamping is used only when the blank thickness is greater than 8-100mm. The blank material for stamping is usually in the form of sheet or strip, and therefore it is also called sheet metal forming. Some non-metal sheets (such as plywood, mica sheet, asbestos, leather)can also be formed by stamping. Stamping is widely used in various fields of the metalworking industry, and it plays a crucial role in the industries for manufacturing automobiles, instruments, military parts and household electrical appliances, etc. The process, equipment and die are the three foundational problems that needed to be studied in stamping. The characteristics of the sheet metal forming are as follows: (1) High material utilization (2) Capacity to produce thin-walled parts of complex shape. (3) Good interchangeability between stamping parts due to precision in shape and dimension.

冲压模具外文英语文献翻译

外文翻译

Heat Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent Design LI Xiong,ZHANG Hong-bing,RUAN Xue-yu,LUO Zhong—hua,ZHANG Yan Abstract: Many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design method which belongs to serial pattern。It is well known that heat treatment is highly important to the dies. A new idea of concurrent design for heat treatment process of die and mould was developed in order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatment process. Heat treatment CAD/CAE was integrated with concurrent circumstance and the relevant model was built. These investigations can remarkably improve efficiency,reduce cost and ensure quality of R and D for products. Key words:die design; heat treatment;mould Traditional die and mould design,mainly by experience or semi—experience,is isolated from manufacturing process。Before the design is finalized,the scheme of die and mould is usually modified time and again,thus some disadvantages come into being,such as long development period,high cost and uncertain practical effect。Due to strong desires for precision,service life,development period and cost,modern die and mould should be designed and manufactured perfectly。Therefore more and more advanced technologies and innovations have been applied,for example,concurrent engineering,agile manufacturing virtual manufacturing,collaborative design,etc. Heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design,manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufacture,assembly and service life.Design and manufacture of die and mould have progressed rapidly,but heat treatment lagged seriously behind them.As die and mould industry develops,heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are good

冲压模具毕业设计外文翻译---冲压中多工件的最佳排样

附录A 冲压中多工件的最佳排样 摘要:在冲压生产中,生产成本受材料利用率影响最大,材料支出占整个生产成本的75%。本文将介绍一种新的计算方法用于实现双工件在冲压排样设计中的最佳规划方法,以便提高材料利用率。这种计算方法可以预示在带料中结构废料的位置及形状,以及工艺废料的位置和最佳宽度。例如将两个相同的工件中的其中一个旋转180°,或是将两个不同的工件嵌套在一起。这种计算方法适合与冲模设计CAE系统结合使用。 关键字:冲压,模具设计,最佳化,材料利用率,明可夫斯基和,设计工具绪论 在冲压生产中,能够快速生产不同复杂程度的薄片金属零件,特别是在大产量的情况下,能够高强度生产。生产过程效率高,其中材料成本占据整个冲压生产成本的75% [1]。但材料不能被完全利用到零件上,因为零件不规则的外形必须被包含在带料内。冲压生产的排样设计直接决定废料的大小。很明显,使用最理想的排样设计对于提高公司的竞争力是至关重要的。 前期工作 曾经, 带料排样设计问题需要通过手工来解决。例如, 通过纸板模拟冲裁来获取一个好的排样方法。通过计算机介绍的设计过程所得出的步骤。也许首先要做出适合工件的矩形,然后将矩形顺序排放在带料上[2]。这种方法适合不相互重叠的矩形[3]、拉深多边形[4, 5]、已知相互关联的外形[6]。这种原理的方法具有一定局限性,尽管如此,在这种具有局限性下的设计中所产生较多的工艺废料不能被避免,这些额外损失的材料导致了设计方案无法达到最佳化。 增量旋转法是一种流行的排样设计方法[6-10, 16]。具体实现方法为,将零件旋转一定的角度,例如2°,[7],在设计中决定零件倾斜程度和带料宽度以及合适的材料利用率。在不断重复这些步骤以后工件旋转量达到180o (由于对称),然后从中选出最佳排样方法。这种方法的缺点是,在一般情况下,最佳材料定位将降低旋转增量同时不能被找到。尽管差别很小,但在大批量生产中每个零件所浪费的材料会累计进而导致较多材料损失。

冲压冲裁模具的发展外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

毕业设计论文外文翻译

Die history 1 Die position in industrial production Mold is a high-volume products with the shape tool, is the main process of industrial production equipment. With mold components, with high efficiency, good quality, low cost, saving energy and raw materials and a series of advantages, with the mold workpieces possess high accuracy, high complexity, high consistency, high productivity and low consumption , other manufacturing methods can not match. Have already become an important means of industrial production and technological development. The basis of the modern industrial economy. The development of modern industrial and technological level depends largely on the level of industrial development die, so die industry to national economic and social development will play an increasing role. March 1989 the State Council promulgated "on the current industrial policy decision points" in the mold as the machinery industry transformation sequence of the first, production and capital construction of the second sequence (after the large-scale power generation equipment and the corresponding power transmission equipment), establish tooling industry in an important position in the national economy. Since 1997, they have to mold and its processing technology and equipment included in the "current national focus on encouraging the development of industries, products and technologies catalog" and "to encourage foreign investment industry directory." Approved by the State Council, from 1997 to 2000, more than 80 professional mold factory owned 70% VAT refund of preferential policies to support mold industry. All these have fully demonstrated the development of the State Council and state departments tooling industry attention and support. Mold around the world about the current annual output of 60 billion U.S. dollars, Japan, the United States and other industrialized countries die of industrial output value of more than machine tool

冲压模具设计成型方面毕业设计外文翻译

毕业设计(论文)英文翻译 课题名称 系部材料工程系 专业材料成型及控制工程 班级 学号 姓名 指导教师 2 0 10年 3 月 10日

4 Sheet metal forming and blanking 4.1 Principles of die manufacture 4.1.1 Classification of dies In metalforming,the geometry of the workpiece is established entirely or partially by the geometry of the die.In contrast to machining processes,ignificantly greater forces are necessary in forming.Due to the complexity of the parts,forming is often not carried out in a single operation.Depending on the geometry of the part,production is carried out in several operational steps via one or several production processes such as forming or blanking.One operation can also include several processes simultaneously(cf.Sect.2.1.4). During the design phase,the necessary manufacturing methods as well as the sequence and number of production steps are established in a processing plan(Fig.4.1.1).In this plan,the availability of machines,the planned production volumes of the part and other boundary conditions are taken into account. The aim is to minimize the number of dies to be used while keeping up a high level of operational reliability.The parts are greatly simplified right from their design stage by close collaboration between the Part Design and Production Departments in order to enable several forming and related blanking processes to be carried out in one forming station. Obviously,the more operations which are integrated into a single die,the more complex the structure of the die becomes.The consequences are higher costs,a decrease in output and a lower reliability. Fig.4.1.1 Production steps for the manufacture of an oil sump

冲压模具外文翻译---影响冲压模具寿命的因素分析

附录 The study of Influence factors on dies' life Because the ramming processing has the productivity to be high, the material use factor is high, the pressing part precision high, the complex degree is high and interchangeability good and so on characteristics, therefore, in the industrial production, applies especially in the production in enormous quantities very widely. But the ramming mold in the cold stamping processing is also essential. The ramming mold general structure is complex, the accuracy requirement is high, the production cost is also high. In the ramming process, the ramming mold as a result of long-term reasons and so on attrition, distortion, break has the expiration, thus causes the enterprise production cost to stay at a high level. Therefore, the exploration enhances the ramming mold's service life efficient path to have the important meaning regarding the enterprise development。 1 The influence ramming die life's primary factor to enhance the ramming die life, must to the mold which expires carry on the analysis, understands and grasps the expiration reason and the influence die life primary factor. Through the research discovery, affects the ramming die life the primary factor to have the following several aspects: 1.1Mold material (1) mold material smelting if the quality of die steel contains more objects or too much carbon steel, will seriously reduce the impact toughness of steel, anti-fatigue and fracture resistance, causing an early fracture die , blocks and cracking, etc. collapse. (2) mold material in the heat die machining process must be carried out in the quenching and tempering heat treatment and so on. The level of heating temperature, the length, the size of the cooling rate, the protection measures, such as the choice of process parameters will affect the die life. (3) the performance of the workpiece material hardness of various materials, strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, plastic deformation resistance, fracture resistance, fatigue resistance and other properties of hot and cold are different, different properties of the process of stamping the workpiece material the impact of the press are different, such as the

外文翻译原文-国内外轿车覆盖件冲压模具设计概况

Domestic and foreign car coverage Die Design Overview A.S. Pouzada, E.C. Ferreira and A.J. Pontes Abstract : In introducing the current domestic car stamping die design and manufacture of the foundation, expounded foreign auto company cars panel particular panel of the stamping process and die design status application of new technologies . Key words : mechanical manufacturing; Car panel; Stamping technology; Mold Design 1 Introduction In recent years, China's car market has developed very rapidly in 2002 in car sales more than one million on the basis of in 2003 to 2 million people relations forward, reaching 1.97 million. However, in the car heat rapidly warming, had to face the embarrassment of this reality-market best-selling vehicle for the majority of people must be directly imported from abroad. As domestic car cover mold design and manufacturing capability on the whole is relatively weak, in order to produce these models, each company had to spend hundreds of millions or hundreds of billion of overseas procurement die. People with foreign automobile companies, because the relatively small scale of production, This has resulted in motorcycle smoothing wood into the mold much higher than foreign cars, This is also produced cars along with high wood manufacturing into one of the main reasons. 2 Domestic car coverage Die development capability Major car manufacturers to Die : Die Manufacturing Co. Ltd. of FAW, Dongfeng Motor Die Works, Tianjin Automobile Die Company, CAC Integration Technology Co., Ltd Nanjing mold equipment, Shanghai Auto Body 1000 margin Die Company. Most people as a domestic car production and sales of commercial-vehicle population of Shanghai Limited, also has its own mold design and manufacturing departments ((TMM Division). Currently, Although domestic Die in Car cover the mold design and manufacturing has a small capacity, auto plants can undertake some development projects die, but for a very high surface accuracy and surface quality requirements of the outside panel. It is especially the high-grade cars outside panel, auto plants rarely die by the will of such domestic development.

【毕业设计】冲压模具毕业设计外文翻译

【关键字】毕业设计 冲压模具毕业设计外文翻译 篇一:模具外文文献及翻译 The mold designing and manufacturing The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80's later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprise's development also rapid quietly. Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year . The Chinese mold industry must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the super finishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops . The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; "The three investments" and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked, take Zhejiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area development quickly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is

冷冲压模具中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文资料对照外文翻译 冷冲模具使用寿命的影响及对策 冲压模具概述 冲压模具--在冷冲压加工中,将材料(金属或非金属)加工成零件(或半成品)的一种特殊工艺装备,称为冷冲压模具(俗称冷冲模)。冲压--是在室温下,利用安装在压力机上的模具对材料施加压力,使其产生分离或塑性变形,从而获得所需零件的一种压力加工方法。 冲压模具的形式很多,一般可按以下几个主要特征分类: 1.根据工艺性质分类 (1)冲裁模沿封闭或敞开的轮廓线使材料产生分离的模具。如落料模、冲孔模、切断模、切口模、切边模、剖切模等。 (2)弯曲模使板料毛坯或其他坯料沿着直线(弯曲线)产生弯曲变形,从而获得一定角度和形状的工件的模具。 (3)拉深模是把板料毛坯制成开口空心件,或使空心件进一步改变形状和尺寸的模具。 (4)成形模是将毛坯或半成品工件按图凸、凹模的形状直接复制成形,而材料本身仅产生局部塑性变形的模具。如胀形模、缩口模、扩口模、起伏成形模、翻边模、整形模等。 2.根据工序组合程度分类 (1)单工序模在压力机的一次行程中,只完成一道冲压工序的模具。 (2)复合模只有一个工位,在压力机的一次行程中,在同一工位上同时完成两道或两道以上冲压工序的模具。 (3)级进模(也称连续模)在毛坯的送进方向上,具有两个或更多的工位,在压力机的一次行程中,在不同的工位上逐次完成两道或两道以上冲压工序的模具。 冲冷冲模全称为冷冲压模具。 冷冲压模具是一种应用于模具行业冷冲压模具及其配件所需高性能结构陶瓷材料的制备方法,高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料由氧化锆、氧化钇粉中加铝、镨元素构成,制备工艺是将氧化锆溶液、氧化钇溶液、氧化镨溶液、氧化铝溶液按一定比例混合配成母液,滴入碳酸氢铵,采用共沉淀方法合成模具及其配件陶瓷材料所需的原材料,反应生成的沉淀经滤水、干燥,煅烧得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料超微粉,再经过成型、烧结、精加工,便得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料。本发明的优点是本发明制成的冷冲压模具及其配件使用寿命长,在冲压过程中未出现模具及其配件与冲压件产生粘结现象,冲压件表

冲压模具外文翻译

Punching die has been widely used in industrial production.In the traditional industrial production,the worker work very hard,and there are too much work,so the efficiency is low.With the development of the science and technology nowadays,the use of punching die in the industial production gain more attention, and be used in the industrial production more and more.Self-acting feed technology of punching die is also used in production, punching die could increase the efficience of production and could alleviate the work burden,so it has significant meaning in technologic progress and economic value. The article mainly discussed the classification,feature and the developmental direction of the pnnching technology. Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machining,the drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrix,the drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered press,the compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeper,the design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punching,the bending die for the ring shape part ,the bending die which used the gemel ,automate loading die for cutting, the drawing,punching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loading,the punching die for the long pipe with two row of hole,the drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.The punching dies that utilized the feature of the normal punch shaped the workpiece in the room temperature,and its efficiency and economic situation is excellent. The dies here discussed can be easily made,conveniently used, and safely operated.And it could be used as the reference in the large scale production of similar workpieces. CAD and CAM are widely applied in mould design and mould making. CAD allows you to draw a model on screen, then view it from every angle using 3-D animation and, finally, to test it by introducing various parameters into the digital simulation models(pressure, temperature, impact, etc.) CAM, on the other hand, allows you to control the manufacturing quality. The advantages of these computer technologies are legion: shorter design times(modifications can be made at the speed of the computer),lower cost, faster manufacturing, etc. This new approach also allows shorter production runs, and to make last-minute changes to the mould for a particular part. Finally, also, these new processes can be used to make complex parts. Computer-Aided Design(CAD)of Mould Traditionally, the creation of drawings of mould tools has been a time-consuming task that is not part of the creative process. Drawings are an organizational necessity rather than a desired part of the process.

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