2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use Of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers com-pared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals, we stand upright. This means that our nos-es are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a cer-tain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.请在答题界面回答1-20题Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good—natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative, group—living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.请在答题界面回答21-25题Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man—made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research — a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.请在答题界面回答26-30题Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”— the random byproducts of the neural—repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off—line.”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream, ” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep — when most vivid dreams occur — as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events — until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we waken up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep — or rather dream — on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.请在答题界面回答31-35题Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter—culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case—endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing, ” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non—standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive — there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old—fashioned to most English—speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms — he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.请在答题界面回答36-40题Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suit-able one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health—care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest—growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41..What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care — to say nothing of reports from other experts — recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution..42.But “national” doesn’t have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial — provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province — or a series of hospitals within a province — negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. .A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal—provincial deal—making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.44. .Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to try to constrain the ever—increasing cost of drugs.”45. .So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription—drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal—provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health—care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health—care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health—care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self—interest would lead them to deal with it.请在答题界面回答41-45题Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed — and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi—media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly—contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice —that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co—productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of European Investment Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say, “United we stand, divided we fall”— and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.请在答题界面回答46-50题Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)养老”足球比赛”。
2005英语一t4难度
2005英语一t4难度（原创实用版）目录1.2005 年英语一 t4 难度概述2.2005 年英语一 t4 难度的具体内容3.考生如何应对 2005 年英语一 t4 难度4.总结正文【2005 年英语一 t4 难度概述】2005 年英语一 t4 难度，是指 2005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题中，第四部分（简称 t4）的难度水平。
英语一试题分为四部分，t4 主要是考察考生的阅读理解能力。
对于 2005 年的考生来说，t4 难度是一个重要的挑战。
【2005 年英语一 t4 难度的具体内容】2005 年英语一 t4 难度的具体内容包括以下几个方面：1.阅读材料的难度：t4 部分要求考生在较短的时间内阅读和理解较长的英文材料。
这些材料可能涉及不同领域的知识，如社会、文化、科技等，对考生的词汇量、阅读速度和理解能力都有较高要求。
2.题目设计的难度：t4 部分的题目设计较为复杂，考生需要仔细分析题干，从中提炼出关键信息，并根据这些信息在阅读材料中寻找答案。
题目可能包括事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等，对考生的逻辑思维和分析能力有一定要求。
3.时间压力：t4 部分要求考生在较短的时间内完成较多的题目，这意味着考生需要在保证正确率的同时，提高阅读和答题的速度。
【考生如何应对 2005 年英语一 t4 难度】面对 2005 年英语一 t4 难度，考生可以从以下几个方面进行准备：1.提高阅读能力：考生需要通过大量的阅读练习，提高自己的词汇量、阅读速度和理解能力。
可以阅读一些英文报刊杂志、英文小说等不同类型的材料，以拓宽自己的知识面。
2.熟悉题型：考生需要熟悉 t4 部分的各种题型，了解题目的特点和解题方法。
可以通过做历年真题、模拟题等，提高自己的应试能力。
3.培养解题技巧：考生需要掌握一定的解题技巧，如快速定位、排除法、推理法等。
这些技巧可以帮助考生在有限的时间内，提高答题的正确率。
4.控制答题时间：考生需要在平时的练习中，注意控制答题时间，提高自己的答题速度。
2005考研英语真题详解
2005考研英语真题详解2005考研英语真题详解2005年的考研英语真题是很多考生备考过程中经常研究的一份试卷。
本文将对这份试卷进行详细解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握英语考试的要点和技巧。
第一部分：阅读理解这部分共有三篇文章，每篇文章后面有5个问题。
文章内容涉及科技、文化、教育等多个领域，考察考生的阅读理解能力和对不同主题的理解。
第一篇文章是关于科技创新的。
文章介绍了美国国家科学基金会（NSF）的一项研究，该研究旨在探索科技创新对经济增长的影响。
问题主要围绕研究的目的、方法和结果展开，考生需要仔细阅读文章并理解其中的关键信息。
第二篇文章是关于文化差异的。
文章讲述了一个跨文化交流的案例，强调了文化差异对沟通和合作的影响。
问题主要涉及案例中的挑战和解决方案，考生需要通过阅读理解文章中的细节和逻辑关系，找到正确的答案。
第三篇文章是关于教育改革的。
文章讨论了英国高等教育体系的变革，并对其影响进行了分析。
问题主要针对变革的原因、目标和影响进行提问，考生需要通过阅读文章理解作者的观点和论证。
第二部分：完形填空这部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后面有10个空格需要填写正确的单词。
文章内容涵盖了社会问题、人际关系等多个方面，考察考生的词汇理解和语境推测能力。
第一篇短文是关于社会责任的。
短文描述了一个社会活动家的经历，强调了每个人都应该承担起社会责任。
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系和词汇的语义，填写合适的单词，使整个短文通顺和连贯。
第二篇短文是关于人际关系的。
短文讲述了一个人在工作中遇到的困难和挑战，以及他通过与同事合作解决问题的经验。
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系和词汇的语义，填写合适的单词，使整个短文通顺和连贯。
第三部分：概括大意和完成句子这部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后面有5个问题。
文章内容涵盖了科技、环境、教育等多个领域，考察考生的理解和概括能力。
第一篇短文是关于科技创新的。
短文介绍了一项新的科技创新，强调了其对环境和能源的积极影响。
2005年英语一考研真题
2005年英语一考研真题2005年的英语一考研真题是考察考生在英语阅读和写作方面的能力。
以下是对真题内容的分析和解答。
阅读理解第一篇阅读理解文章是关于谚语和俚语的，考察考生对于英语语言的了解和运用能力。
文章介绍了谚语和俚语的定义和功能，并列举了一些常见的例子。
谚语和俚语是一门语言的精华，它们能够简洁而生动地传达出丰富的意义和情感。
掌握了谚语和俚语，我们就能更好地理解和运用英语，增强自己的语言表达能力。
第二篇阅读理解文章是关于马克思主义哲学的，考察对于哲学思想和理论的理解和应用能力。
文章介绍了马克思主义哲学的起源和基本原理，阐述了唯物辩证法和历史唯物主义等重要概念。
马克思主义哲学是一种科学的思想武器，它帮助我们理解社会现象和人类历史的发展规律。
掌握了马克思主义哲学，我们就能更好地分析和解决社会问题，提高自己的思维能力和创新意识。
写作写作部分要求考生根据给出的提示，针对一个话题进行写作。
在这个题目中，我们以“环境保护”为例进行讨论。
环境保护是当今社会面临的重要问题之一。
人类的经济发展和生活方式带来了环境问题的同时，也给我们敲响了警钟。
怎样保护环境、改善生态环境已经成为全人类的共同责任。
以下是一些建议和观点供参考。
首先，政府应该出台更加严格的环境保护法律和政策。
在立法和执法方面加大力度，对环境犯罪行为进行打击和处罚。
同时，加强环境监测和治理，确保环境质量的改善。
其次，公众的环保意识需得到进一步的提高。
通过教育宣传和媒体的力量，增强人们的环境保护意识，培养人们爱护环境的习惯和行为。
此外，倡导绿色消费和可持续发展的生活方式，降低对环境的影响。
第三，加强技术创新和产业转型，推动绿色发展。
发展清洁能源和循环经济，减少污染物的排放和资源的浪费。
推动可持续发展的产业和经济模式，实现经济发展和环境保护的双赢。
最后，国际合作和共同努力是解决环境问题的关键。
全球变暖、气候变化等环境挑战需要各国共同应对。
加强国际合作，分享环保经验和技术，制定共同的环境保护目标和行动计划。
2005年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题
2005年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题Paper OnePart I Dialogue Communication (1 5 minutes，1 5 points)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections：In this section，you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Speaker A：I’m exhausted. I had to work until 2 0’clock this morning.Speaker B:A. Don’t worry too much. You can do it later.B. Take it easy. You didn’t have to work so hard.C. Take time off and let it be.D. Take it or leave it. You don’t have to do it.2. Speaker A：My apartment is only 10 minutes’ walk from the office. Why don’t you drop by some time?Speaker B:A. Because I didn’t know you live so close by.B. Because I didn’t want to bother you.C. I’d love to. Can I take my roommate along?D. That’s OK. I’11 be there soon.3. Speaker A：Doctor Smith is engaged on Wednesday. Would you like to come on Thursday? Speaker B:A. Thursday would be fine.B. See you then.C. Thank you very much. Good-bye.D. It’s very kind of you.4. Speaker A：We came so close，really. We almost won that game!Speaker B:A. There, there.B. There’s no use crying over spilt milk.C. You guys were superb.D. I couldn’t care less.5. Speaker A：Don’t you think the concert is terrific?Speaker B:A. I want to hear other opinions.B. It certainly is. And I really like the band.C. Yes，the concert is terrible.D. No，everything went on perfectly.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections：In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6. Woman：What do you like to do on your summer vacation?Man：I like nothing better than fishing on a hot summer day.Question：What does the man mean?A. He doesn’t like fishing on a hot summer day.B. Although he likes fishing，he doesn’t want to do it on a hot summer day.C. Fishing is his favorite pastime on a hot summer day.D. He likes nothing，including fishing on a hot summer day.7. Woman：I heard John and Frank had a quarrel.Man：Oh，they soon made up.Question：What does the man mean?A. John and Frank had an argument，but now they are friends again.B. John and Frank hate each other since their argument.C. John and Frank pretended that they had a quarrel.D. John and Frank often quarrel though they are friends.8. Woman：I’ve changed my mind and would like to take the new approach.Man：You’re on the fight track now!Question：What does the man mean?A. The woman is fight.B. The woman is getting on well.C. The woman is doing the right thing.D. The woman has changed her mind.9. Woman：Doctor, what’s wrong with my father?Man：He’s in pretty good shape，considering.Question：What do we learn from the dialogue?A. Her father is very sick.B. There is nothing serious with her father.C. Her father is all athletes.D. The man is not sure about her father’s condition.10. Man：Why don’t you dress up a little when you’re out with your friends?Woman：That’s a good idea!Question：What does the man suggest?A. The woman should put on nice clothes.B. The woman should wear makeup.C. The woman should get up fight away.D. The woman should make a dress herself.Part II Vocabulary and Structure(20 minutes，10 points)Directions：There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center11. Scarcely those words when suddenly the monster was transformed into a very handsome youth.A. had he utteredB. did he utterC. he had utteredD. he did utter12. The new automobile factory is expected to around 30,000 to 50,000 vehicles annually in the first three years.A. assembleB. serviceC. supplyD. repair13. Within the foreseeable future there may be a major of species，involving from one-third to two-thirds of all the species now in existence.A. exhaustionB. exhibitionC. extensionD. extinction14. we arrived in a more urban area，where Jim took me to a place called Boston Market.A. Before longB. After longC. Shortly beforeD. Shortly after15. urgent the situation may be，you will need to make one change at a time, and then move on.A. AsB. WheneverC. HoweverD. Whatever16. The museum’s new building will have the exhibition space as before.A. three timesB. three times likeC. three times asD. three times larger17. When you are in your room，leave the door so that your visitors do not have to knock.A. openB. openedC. openingD. being open18. Earth is believed to by an object the size of Mars at some point in the distant past before its surface cooled.A. be hitB. have hitC. have been hitD. being hit19. The only thing really matters to the parents is how soon their children can return home.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. this20. It is unacceptable that a person for an uncommitted crime.A. gets punishingB. punishesC. get punishedD. punished21. In Australia the Asians have made their influence in businesses，large and small.A. feelingB. feelC. feltD. to be felt22. The angry mother didn’t know who for the broken glass.A. will blameB. to blameC. to be blamedD. blames23. In the Chinese mind the Spring Festival is with nice food and new clothes.A. joinedB. relatedC. linkedD. associated24. Mobile phones are proved to with flight instruments and have a negative effect on flight safety.A. interfereB. disturbC. interruptD. trouble25. Some governments have forbidden cigarette and launched anti-smoking campaigns.A. commissionsB. commoditiesC. commercialsD. commands26.If you try to sell them something that they for free，they aren’t going to buy it.A. used to gettingB. used to getC. were used to getD. are used to get27. Applicants must show that they have$10,000 or more for living expenses and approximately$1 0,000 for tuition.A. acceptableB. advisableC. availableD. applicable28. The director often says it is difficult to design a program that will meet，the needs of all our users.A. diverseB. distinctiveC. distinctD. distinguished29. their differences，they are united by the common desire to transform their personal commitment into public leadership.A. But forB. For allC. Above allD. Except for30. The winter just ending was severe，causing great hardship to the poorer people in this area.A. exceptionallyB. explosivelyC. extensivelyD. expressivelyPart III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes，40 points)Directions：There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneDeclaring that physical exercise is one of the most powerful medicines to help improve our quality of life is not an exaggeration. The World Health Organization expressed the same view in its 2002 World Health Report，emphasizing that the damage produced by lack of physical activity was equal to the strong probability of serious illness such as heart disease and even some kinds of cancer.Those who have embraced an active lifestyle for years are familiar with the sort of physical and psychological benefits that come from exercise. Nevertheless a lot of people would never think of physical activity as a way of feeling better, simply because they don’t think they are in need of it，or because they are lazy or maintain that they haven’t got enough time.There are many positive effects that result from physical exercise and they are not only concernedwith the physical aspects but also psychological and social ones.Beginning with the physical benefits，physical activity improves the life of the heart，burns off fat，lowers high blood pressure，makes tissues more resistant，and increases muscle flexibility and joint mobility.On a psychological level，physical activity helps reduce anxiety and stress by causing tension to disappear and by encouraging us to have a better sense of ourselves through listening to our bodies during movement.Lastly, seeing ourselves in better health is advantageous socially. The sense of satisfaction thus obtained will result in an increase of self-respect and self-confidence in terms of our ability to interact with others.The benefits linked to exercise have also not gone unnoticed in the business world，with more and more companies setting up gyms on-site. Employees’ improved health translates into better performance and reduced costs as well as an increase in people’s satisfaction in the work place.Physical activity is recommended for all age groups，including children. It is an important growth factor in a child’s education.And for the elderly? There is no doubt that regular physical activity allows greater efficiency in daily life as well as creating more basic independence day by day, including the possibility of keeping in touch with others and not feeling isolated.31. The writer regards physical exercise as a strong medicine because .A. the WHO holds the viewB. it helps improve the quality of lifeC. the lack of it equals serious illnessD. it enables people to live longer32. Many people do not engage in physical exercise mainly becauseA. they are not aware of its benefitsB. they don’t have the facilitiesC. they don’t think they need itD. they are physically unf it for it33. According to the passage，physical exercise can make people .A. stronger and more intelligentB. more intelligent and more open-mindedC. more open-minded and healthierD. healthier and stronger34. Physical exercise is socially beneficial because .A. it gives people competitive advantageB. it helps people reduce anxietyC. it enables employees to work better for their companyD. it makes people confident in dealing with others35. According to the passage, regular physical exercise can make old people .A. better able to look after themselvesB. look younger than they really areC. less likely to suffer from diseasesD. more aggressive in their interaction with othersPassage TwoAccording to the United States government，people are classified as homeless if they have no place to stay and no expectation of finding a place for the next thirty days. Although technically accurate，that is an impersonal assessment of an enormous and very human problem.The homeless population represents all of us Americans. It includes men and women，the elderly，children，and infants. Its members are from all ethnic(种族的)groups. What they have in common is poverty.Currently in the U. S.，thirty-nine million people live in poverty. When money is really tight，paying the rent or buying food often becomes a choice. Government assistance in the form of food stamps does help but，as one homeless man explains，you can’t pay the rent with food stamps.With no money for rent，the streets and homeless shelters become the alternative.Although men constitute the largest group within the homeless population，homeless women with children are rapidly joining them. In fact，one quarter of the homeless people in the U. S. are teenagers and young children.People may become homeless for numerous reasons. However，there are certain factors that many of these individuals have in common. They include a lack of adequate education and job skills. A majority of the teenagers and adults have not completed high school.The abuse of alcohol and drugs is also a common factor. One third of the adult homeless population abuses alcohol，while one quarter of the same group uses drugs.Some members of this population suffer mental health problems. Within the past several years many institutions for the mentally ill have been closed and their patients sent ‘‘home”. Unfortunately, a number of those people have no home to go to and they are unable to adequately look after themselves.Job loss in today’s economy has also become a real factor in the loss of people’s homes. The breakup of families through abandonment and divorce are also contributing factors，particularly when there are children involved. The parent who is left to care for the kids with inadequate income may be forced to depend on the homeless shelters to put a roof over their heads.36. The writer thinks that the U. S. government’s definition of the homeless reveals.A. an insincere attitude toward the homelessB. an unbearable attitude toward the homelessC. an uncivilized attitude toward the homelessD. an unsympathetic attitude toward the homeless37. The U. S. government helps the homeless by .A. giving them homeless allowancesB. giving them food stampsC. finding jobs for themD. finding residences for them38. Most of the homeless in the U. S. are .A. male adultsB. female adultsC. the elderlyD. children39. People become homeless for all the following reasons EXCEPT .A. the lack of adequate educationB. the abuse of alcohol and drugsC. the closure of institutions for the mentally illD. the poor performance of economy40. The breakup of families is likely to lead to homelessness because a parent with kids may .A. lose his or her job in today’s economyB. be unable to look after the kidsC. not have enough incomeD. find residence at a homeless shelterPassage ThreeIn early 2004 eight tiny sensors were dropped from a plane near a military base in California. After hitting the ground，the sensors--also known as smart dust sensors---organized themselves into a network and quickly detected a fleet of military vehicles on the ground. They determined the direction，speed and size of a series of military vehicles traveling along the road and later transmitted the data to a computer ata nearby base camp.Smart dust sensors are minicomputers--as small as a grain of rice in some cases--that can monitor and evaluate their physical environment and can relay the, information via wireless communication. They can monitor elements such as temperature，moisture，humidity，pressure，energy use，vibration，light，motion，radiation，gas，and chemicals. These devices will soon have many applications，such as use in emergency rescue.Software has been developed to run these minicomputers. A key feature of the software is the ability of the sensors to automatically organize themselves into a communications network and talk to each other via wireless radio signals. If any one connection is interrupted，the sensors will self-correct and pass the information on to the next available sensor.Each sensor has a chip that does the computing work--recording things like temperature and motion at its location. Each sensor also has a tiny radio transmitter that allows it to talk to other sensors within 100 feet or so. With a single network of 10,000 sensors--thought to be the biggest array(阵列)of sensors currently possible—you could cover 9 square miles and get information about each point along the way. The data finally works its way to a base station that can send the information to a computer or to a wireless network.The scientists who are working with this technology say smart dust sensors can be used to detect the location or movement of enemy troops in areas too dangerous or remote for soldiers to operate. Scattering hundreds of self-networking sensors from a manned or unmanned plane onto the battlefield，in theory, could produce critical information and lead to strategic advantage. Sensors could also be used to detect the presence of chemical weapons and could give troops the time needed to put on protective gear.41. Smart dust sensors can do all the following EXCEPT .A. giving troops their protective gearB. organizing themselves into a computer networkC. detecting the movement of military vehicles nearbyD. operating in remote and dangerous War zones42. By “physical environment'‘(Line 2，Paragraph 2)，the writer means such elements as .A. the position of military troopsB. the presence of minicomputersC. the strength of radio signalsD. the amount of water vapor in the air43. If connection between two sensors is blocked, the network will automatically .A. replace the sensor involvedB. repair the sensor involvedC. ignore the sensor involvedD. destroy the sensor involved44. To cover an area of 3 square miles and get information about each point along the way, how many smart dust sensors are needed?A. About 3,000 sensors.B. About 3,300 sensors.C. About 5,000 sensors.D. About 6,600 sensors.45. The passage implies that the smart dust sensors are most likely to be used in .A. emergency rescueB. monitoring pollutionC. military operationsD. evaluating the environmentPassage FourEach semester，Andrew Tom receives a term bill outlining his expenses: tuition, dorm fee, student center fee, recreation fee, resident activity fee, health insurance. If only the rest of his expenses were as easy to quantify.“It’s like you start out the semester with plenty of money and then $20 for dinner out here and $100 at the department store there，it’s gone,” said Tom, a Northeastern University third-year student. “And there are so many things you need like toothpaste or laundry detergent(洗涤剂)that you don’t think about until you get here and need it. ”From the books lining their shelves to the fashionable clothes filling their closets，college students say the expenses of a college education go well beyond tuition and a dining hall meal plan. Many say they arrive on campus only to be overwhelmed by unexpected costs from sports fees to the actual price of a slice of pizza.Balancing a job with schoolwork，especially at colleges known for their heavy workloads like Harvard and MIT, can be tough. So can the pressure students often feel to financially keep pace withtheir friends?“When you get dragged along shopping, you’re going to spend money; if you get dragged to a party and everyone wants to take a cab but you’re cheap and want to take a bus，chances are you’ll end up sharing the fee for the cab,” said Tom. “I guess you could say no，but no one wants to be the only one eating in the snack bar while your friends are out to dinner. ”Max Cohen，a biology major at MIT, said he is accustomed to watching fellow students spend $40 a night to have dinner delivered or $50 during a night out at a bar. During the school’s recent spring break, friends on trips for the week posted away messages that read like a world map----Paris, Rome, Tokyo. “Meanwhile I stay home and work,” said Cohen. ‘‘I didn’t realize when I came here how much mon ey I would spend or how hard I would have to work to get by. ”It is a lesson some younger students learn quickly. Others，surrounded by credit card offers，go into debt，or worse，are forced to leave school.“A lot of people don’t think twice about how much they spend，”said a first-year student at MIT, “and you feel the pressure sometimes to go along with them. ”46. The sentence “If only the rest of his expenses were as easy to quantify”(Lines 2-3，Paragraph1)implies that .A. there are many other unexpected expensesB. it is easy to calculate how much more to spendC. the tuition is too high to be calculatedD. he has to pay only a few other expenses47. All the following expenses are included in the term bill EXCEPT .A. health insuranceB. sports feesC. recreation feesD. dorm fees48. According to the passage，many college students .A. have to work hard in their studiesB. suspend their studies in Order to workC. depend on their families for all the expensesD. are under great financial pressure49. The word “cheap”(Line 2，Paragraph 5)is closest in meaning to“”.A. inferior in qualityB. inexpensiveC. unwilling to spendD. valueless50. From the last paragraph，one may learn that an important reason for the high hidden costs for college students is .A. the extremely high prices of daily necessitiesB. the school’s overcharging for campus activitiesC. the too many expenses the students have to payD. the pressure of keeping pace with their peersPart IV Cloze Test(15 minutes，10 points)Directions：There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005, 51 a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain’s Economist magazine last week.The ambitious 52 to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only 53 of human satisfaction and well-being. The index of 111 countries uses 54 on incomes，health，unemployment，climate，political stability, job security equality between men and wom en as well as what the magazine calls “freedom, family and community life”.Despite the bad weather troubled health service，traffic problems, and the high cost of living，Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points 55 10. That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland，which managed 8. 07. Zimbabwe(津巴布韦)，troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the lowest，56 only 3. 89 points.“Although rising incomes and increased individual choices in developed countries are57 valued,” the report sa id，“some of the factors associated with 58 such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.“Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new—the fourth highest gross domestic product per head in the world in 2005, low unemployment，political 59 ----with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old，such as 60 family and community life. ”51. A. following up B. coming with C. according to D. except for52. A. attempt B. attack C. attitude D. attraction53. A. reason B. volume C. measure D. monitor54. A. amount B. data C. number D. account55. A. up to B. out of C. off and on D. in about56. A. missing B. getting C. keeping D. putting57. A. hardly B. excessively C. highly D. passively58. A. modernization B. civilization C. constitution D. tradition59. A. liberties B. activities C. unions D. campaigns60. A. sticky B. static C. steep D. stablePaper TwoPart ⅤTranslation ( 30 minutes, 10 points )Directions: Translate the follow passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Drinking water and water for domestic use often come from groundwater. In order to protect thiswater, local water authorities can apply to local administrative authorities to mark certain locations as water protection areas. The size of these areas is calculated in such a way that the quantity of groundwater taken from them corresponds to the actual rainfall going into them. In the water protection areas certain uses of the land and activities on the land are banned or restricted. Water protection areas fall into three zones. Zone 3 is the outermost zone with a diameter of 4 kilometers around the groundwater well. Here no chemical works or the use of pesticides(杀虫剂)are allowed. Zone 2 is determined around the so-called 50-day line. It is assumed that after 50 days in the groundwater harmful bacteria will have died off. Here settlements and fertilizer storage are forbidden. Zone 1 marks the ten-meter boundary around the well. Here，any use of the land，as well as access by unauthorized persons，is forbidden.Part ⅥWriting ( 30 minutes, 15 points )Directions：You are to write in no less than 120 words about the topic “Do We Need a Shopping Center in the Neighborhood?”. Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below.1. 市里要在你家住的这个街区新建一个购物中心，你的意见（同意或反对）？2. 同意或反对的理由。
[2005-2017考研英语一真题]2005-2017历年考研英语一真题和答案解析详细讲解[12年考研英语一真题官方最全]
![[2005-2017考研英语一真题]2005-2017历年考研英语一真题和答案解析详细讲解[12年考研英语一真题官方最全]](https://360docs-1393072327.cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com/82e742134b35eefdc8d33368.webp)
2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA, B, C or Don the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman,but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child littleto say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its childis marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holywater around the bride’s and gro om’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circleof happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move inwith the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 theycan build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced personsare 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 propertyhe or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice19 up: the divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must wait ten months.1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regardto2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decided on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] since [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D] avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C]shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D]divided19. [A] breaks [B] warns [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] inthatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that ―i nci t e excessive thinnes s‖ by promoting ext r em e dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ul t ra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep – and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and sixmonths inprison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.I n contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: ―We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young peopl e.‖The char t er’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionWeek(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be thebest step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen inFrance? [A] New runways would be constructed.[B] Physical beauty would beredefined. [C] Websites aboutdieting would thrive. [D] Thefashion industry would decline.22. The phrase ―impinging on‖(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaningto .[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating thestate of[C] losing faithin[D] doing harmto23. Which of the following is true of the fashionindustry? [A] New standards are being set inDenmark.[B] The French measures have alreadyfailed. [C] Models are no longer underpeer pressure. [D] Its inherent problemsare getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for.[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about model’scharacter[C] showing little concern for healthfactors[D] setting a high age threshold formodels25. Which of the following may be the best title ofthe text? [A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’sBody Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models inFrance[C] Just Another Round of Struggle forBeauty[D] The Great Threats to the FashionIndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show B r i t ons rate ―t he countrysi de‖alongside the royal f a m ily, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political traction.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save ―t he beauty of natural places for everyone forever‖.I t was specifically to provide ci t y dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience ―a refreshing air‖.H ill’s pr essur e later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any m or e, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising ―o f f-pl an‖building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planningwhere councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Nigel Farage’s speech this year to the Campaign to Protect Rural Engandstruck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that ―h ousing crisi s‖ equals ―c oncreted meadow s‖ is pure lobby talk. The issue i s not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas in this way. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, B r i t ai n is Europe’s m ostcrowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative –the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of thepolitical spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about thecountryside _.[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age[B] has brought much benefit to theNHS [C] is fully backed by the royalfamily [D] is not well reflected inpolitics27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are nowbeing .[A] gradually destroyed[B] effectivelyreinforced [C] largelyovershadowed [D]properly protected28. which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3? [A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon ―off-plan‖building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence. [D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’s Preference .[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[B] shows his disregard for the character ofrural areas [C] stresses the necessity ofeasing the housing crisis [D] reveals a strongprejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciationof .[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’s Britain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-country planning in BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of busines s,‖ wrote Mi l t on Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist. ―That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit s.‖ B ut even if you accept F r i edman's premise and regard corporate soc i al responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutelyclear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate last year by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a ―s i gnal‖that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse ―ha lo ef f ect‖,whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent paper attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stance, that accounted for the leniency: companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the authors conclude that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in C S R.―We estimate that ei t her eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate givingby about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishmentfor bribingforeign official s,‖ says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do -gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with _.[A ] tolerance [B] skepticism [C] uncertainty [D] approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by_.[A] winning trust from consumers[B] guarding it againstmalpractices [C] protecting itfrom being defamed [D] raisingthe quality of its products33. The expression ―more lenient‖(Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaningto .[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a compa n y’s CSR record.[A] has an impact on their decision[B] comes across as reliable evidence[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the lastparagraph? [A ] Its negative effects on businesses are oftenoverlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though printad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is stilldeclining.Overhead may be high and circulation may be lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.* "It was seen as a blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at The New York Times? "I wouldn’t pick a year to end print," he said. "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacyproduct."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it as a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partlydue to .[A] the high cost of operation[B] the pressure from itsinvestors [C] the complaintsfrom its readers [D] theincreasing online ad sales37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Timesshould _.[A] seek new sources of readership[B] end the print edition forgood [C] aim for efficientmanagement [D] make strategicadjustments38. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a ―l eg acy product‖.[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyalcustomers [C] will have the cost ofprinting reduced [D] expands thepopularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world_.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitatesproblem-solving [C] aggressivenessbetter meets challenges [D]traditional luxuries can stayunaffected40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text? [A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once [B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever inFashionPart BDirections：Read the following texts and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Create a new image ofyourself[B] Have confidence inyourself [C] Decide if thetime is right [D] Understandthe context[E] Work withprofessionals[F] Make itefficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between t oda y’s workplace and the ―d ress for succes s‖ era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress t-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to inves t in an upgrade?And what’s the bes tway to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here aresome tips:41.A s an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during t r ans i t i ons—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’r e in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and pr of es sional s.Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and t hat’s OK.42.Get clear on what impact you’r e hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more―S o H o.‖(I t’s OK to use characterizations like t hat.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of yourenvironment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context.Hire apersonal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J·Crew·Try a hair stylist instead of abarber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. I t’s not asexpensive as you might think.45.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) W e don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. I tis like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gai n access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our ment al health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. I t’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain,and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section IIIWritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e ―L i Mi ng‖ i nst ead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part A52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年考研英语一真题参考答案Use ofEnglish1. [C] as wellas2. [D] decidedon3. [C] arrange4. [B] Intheory5. [C] After6. [A] into7. [B] but8. [C] recite9. [D] tying10. [A] passing11. [D] union12. [D] live13. [B] until14. [A] obtain15. [C] viewed16. [A]whatever17. [B] brought18. [D] divided19. [C] shows20. [B] whileReading ComprehensionPart AText 121. [B] Physical beauty would be redefined.22. [D] doing harm to23. [A] New standards are being set in Denmark.24. [C] showing little concern for health factors25. [A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsText 226. [D] is not well reflected in politics27. [A] gradually destroyed28. [D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. [D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. [D] the town-and-country planning in BritainText 331. [B] skepticism32. [A] winning trust from consumers33. [C] less severe34. [A] has an impact on their decision35. [B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.Text 436. [A] the high cost of operation37. [D] make strategic adjustments38. [B] is meant for the most loyal customers39. [C] aggressiveness better meets challenges40. [C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury GoodPart B41. [C] Decide if the time is right42. [G] Know your goals43. [D] Understand the context44. [E] Work with professionals45. [F] Make it efficientPart C46. 我们并不必学习如何保持心理健康；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口和修复骨折一样。
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语冲刺试题（一）（上）_考研_
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语冲刺试题(一) (上)一、单项选择题(每题0.5分，共10分)选择下列答案中您认为正确的一个There is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility of great bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. No book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be felt. A book is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. It is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. It loses its charm and much of its value when accepted 4. No one would have been more 5 than Aristotle if he could have known of the excessive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in centuries to 7. When his works became the 8 words of advance knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advanced nor vital.The particular occasion for these remarks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world may be 11 ourselves too seriously. In the effort to increase book reading some 12 things are being said about books. It is made to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to understanding is 14 books. We do neither service nor justice to books by 15 upon them such omnipotence and omniscience. Many of the answers we need today are not necessarily to be found between 16. There are elements of newness in the present 17 of man that will not readily be 18 of by required reading or ready reference. Books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 automatic answers. What is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the ages 20 fresh, razor edged analytical thought.（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】C［A］ inform ［B］ promise ［C］ enable ［D］ assure2、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】B［A］ of［B］ for［C］ to［D］ with3、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】A［A］ subject ［B］ issue ［C］ matter ［D］ image（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】D［A］ unreasonably ［B］ unprofitably ［C］ unwillingly ［D］ uncritically5、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】A［A］ disturbed ［B］ disguised ［C］ intervened ［D］ interrupted6、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】C［A］ dreadful ［B］ respectful ［C］ harmful ［D］ faithful（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】B［A］ go［B］ come ［C］ pass［D］ emerge8、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】D［A］ big［B］ end［C］ late［D］ last9、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】A［A］ such［B］ much ［C］ most ［D］ this（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】B［A］ symbols ［B］ signs［C］ marks ［D］ trails11、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】C［A］ confining ［B］ demanding ［C］ taking ［D］ pushing12、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】D［A］ extraordinary ［B］ exceptional ［C］ excessive ［D］ extravagant13、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】B［A］ show ［B］ appear ［C］ prove ［D］ indicate14、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】A［A］ through ［B］ with［C］ among ［D］ from15、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】C［A］ focus ［B］ conferring ［C］ imposing ［D］ installing16、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】B［A］ pages ［B］ covers ［C］ lines［D］ words17、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】D［A］ position ［B］ situation ［C］ status ［D］ dilemma18、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】A［A］ disposed ［B］ discerned ［C］ discharged ［D］ dispersed19、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】C［A］ polishing［B］ regulating［C］ furnishing［D］ forwarding20、（本题分值：0.5分）【正确答案】B［A］ from［B］ with［C］ over［D］ for二、阅读选择题(每题2分，共40分)阅读下列短文，理解其意后选择答案中您认为正确的一个Text 1Banking is about money; and no other familiar commodity arouses such excesses of passion and dislike. Nor is there any other about which more nonsense is talked. The type of thing that comes to mind is not what is normally called economics, which is inexact rather than nonsensical, and only in the same way as all sciences are at the point where they try to predictpeople s behaviour and its consequences. Indeed most social sciences and, for example, medicine could probably be described in the same way.Howe ver, it is common to hear assertions of the kind “if you were left alone on a desert island a few seed potatoes would be more use to you than a million pounds” as though this proved something important about money except the undeniable fact that it would not be much use to anyone in a situation where very few of us are at all likely to find ourselves. Money in fact is a token, or symbolic object, exchangeable on demand by its holders for goods and services. Its use for these purposes is universal except within a small number of primitive agricultural communities.Money and the price mechanism, i.e., the changes in prices expressed in money terms of different goods and services, are the means by which all modern societies regulate demand and supply for these things. Especially important are the relative changes in price of different goods and services compared with each other. To take random examples: the price of house building has over the past five years risen a good deal faster than that of domestic appliances like refrigerators, but slower than that of motor insurance or French Impressionist paintings. This fact has complex implications for students of the industry, trade unionism, town planning, insurance companies, fine art auctions, and politics. Unpacking these implications is what economics is about, but their implications for bankers are quite different.In general, in modern industrialised societies, prices of services or goods produced in a context requiring a high service content (e.g. a meal in a restaurant) are likely to rise in price more repidly than goods capable of mass production ona large scale. It is also a characteristic of highly developed economies that the number of workers employed in service industries tends to rise and that of workers employed in manufacturing to fall. The discomfort this truth causes has been an important source of tension in western political life for many years and is likely to remain so for many more.21、Money may be thought of as（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】A［A］ the popular thing that stirs up fierce love or hatred.［B］ the unique source that generates all kinds of good or evil doings.［C］the symbolic object that signifies one s wealth and priviledge.［D］ the major subject of nonsensical talks that are related to economy.22、According to the text, economics is（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】C［A］ similar to other social sciences in all the rubbish about it.［B］ different from other social sciences in the forecast of people s behavior.［C］ similar to all other sciences in trying to foretell man sactivities.［D］different from most sciences in its attempt to avoid bad consequences.23、In the writers view, the assertion that money would be useless on a desert island（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】D［A］ illustrates one limitation to the importance of money.［B］ is of importance only to people stayed in such places.［C］ proves the worthlessness of money in many situations.［D］shows nothing significant about money on a rare occasion.24、Modern societies control supply and demand（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】B［A］ by intervention in pricing goods and services.［B］ by means of money and the price mechanism.［C］ by keeping a watchful eye on price changes.［D］ by fixing proper prices for specific industries.25、The writer suggests that the prices of services（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】D［A］ rise owing to their high quality contents.［B］ grow due to their on the spot production.［C］ augment with the increase of service workers.［D］ advance in proportion to economical growth.二、阅读选择题(每题2分，共40分)阅读下列短文，理解其意后选择答案中您认为正确的一个Text 2For three decades we’ve heard endlessly about the virtues of aerobic(increasing oxygen consumption)exercise. Medical authorities have praised running and jumping as the key to good health, and millions of Americans have taken to the treadmill(踏车)to reap the rewards. But the story is changing. Everyone from the American Heart Association to the surgeon general’s office has recently embraced strength training as a complement to aerobics. And as weight lifting has gone mainstream, so has the once obscure practice known as “Super Slow” training. Enthusiasts claim that by pumping iron at a snail’s pace-making each “rep”(repeat) last 14 seconds instead of the usual s even-you can safely place extraordinary demands on your muscles, and call forth an extraordinary response. Slow lifting may not be the only exercise you need, as some advocates believe, but the benefits are often dramatic.Almost anyone can handle this routine. The only requirements are complete focus and a tolerance for deep muscular burn. Fox each exercise-leg press, bench press, shoulder press and so on-you set the machine to provide only moderate resistance. But as you draw out each rep, depriving yourself of impetus, the weight soon feels unbearable. Defyingthe impulse to stop, you keep going until you can’t complete a rep. Then you sustain your vain effort for 10 more seconds while the weight sinks gradually toward its cradle. Intense? Uncomfortable? T otally. But once you embrace muscle failure as the goal of the workout, it can become almost pleasure.The goal is not to burn calories while you’re exercising but to make your body burn them all the time. Running a few miles many make you sweat, but it expends only 100 calories per mile, and it doesn’t stimulate much bone or muscle development. Strength training doesn’t burn may calories, either. But when you push a muscle to failure, you set off a pour of physiological changes. As the muscle recovers over several days, it will thicken-and the new muscle tissue will demand sustenance. By the time you add three pounds of muscle, your body requires an extra 9,000 calories a month just to break even. Hold your diet steady and, very quickly, you are vaporizing body fat.One might have benefited from any strength-training program. But advocates insist the slow technique is safer and more effective than traditional methods.26、Many Americans have taken to treadmill for years by virtue of（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】D［A］ its inherent awards to their health.［B］ its greater consumption of oxygen.［C］ the compliment paid by authorities.［D］ the actual benefits from the exercise.27、According to the author,“Super Slow” training（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】B［A］ has been misunderstood for decades.［B］ has been widely accepted recently.［C］ has been the basis of weight lifting.［D］ has become the nucleus of aerobics.28、In practicing slow lifting, one has to（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】C［A］ complete each rep with great demands for his muscles. ［B］ bear the unusual reaction caused by the training. ［C］ suffer the bitter effect called forth by the exercise. ［D］ exert extraordinary pressure on his legs and shoulders.29、Slow weight lifters are required to make each rep（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】A［A］ without using any driving force.［B］ without movement of their body.［C］ with unbearable iron weights.［D］ with the feeling of muscle failure.30、The phrase “to break even”(Line 7,Par.3) most probably means（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】D［A］ to upset the physical energy balance.［B］ to disturb the calmness of the body.［C］ to gain a greater profit than a loss.［D］ to make neither a profit nor a loss.二、阅读选择题(每题2分，共40分)阅读下列短文，理解其意后选择答案中您认为正确的一个Text 3To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is liable, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all errors, but from silly errors.If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all liable.Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have strong convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own prejudice. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you subconsciouslyare aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence justifies.For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different opinion. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. Mahatma Gandhi (圣雄甘地) considered it unfortunate to have railways and steamboats and machinery; he would have liked to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting anyone who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantage of modern technology for granted. But if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might have said in refutation of them. I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary dialogue. Furthermore, I have frequently found myself growing more agreeable through realizing the possible reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent.31、 The author intends to tell us that（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】C［A］ human beings, including those of genius, are liable to foolish errors.［B］people can avoid silly mistakes unless they observe common rules.［C］ it needs average intelligence for us to keep away from silly opinions.［D］foolish opinions usually occur to those who rarely commit big mistakes.32、 The example of Aristotle is used to indicate that（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】D［A］observation can prevent people from making any mistakes.［B］ great men advance false arguments occasionally.［C］ primitive apparatuses hamper precise observation.［D］ realistic investigations are vital to sound judgments.33、According to the text, it is true that（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】B［A］ there are many ways to rectify our false beliefs in many matters.［B］our irritation at opposite arguments proves our inability to justify ourselves.［C］ fierce controversies reveal their incapacity to convince either side.［D］ we should firmly defend our belief when it encounters any challenge.34、 The author tries to convince us of the fact that（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】A［A］an imaginary argument with opponents may avoid foolish errors.［B］Mahatma Gandhi advocated adoption of new technology in various fields.［C］an opponent’s opinions can be verified by considering Gandhi’s arguments.［D］we have to agree with actual opponents offering reasonable opinions.35、 Most people are unlikely to be subject to silly errors（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】C［A］ when they do not violate the rules of observation and imagination.［B］if they refute their opponents’ opinions in a fairly reasonable way.［C］ unless they are convinced of their knowledge of things without justification.［D］until they become reconciled with their opponents through imaginary dialogue.二、阅读选择题(每题2分，共40分)阅读下列短文，理解其意后选择答案中您认为正确的一个Text4Financial engineers don’t wear white lab coats.They don’t experiment on rats or perform gas chromatography(气相层析).Their raw material-money-isn’t as show y as what biologists and physicists investigate. But the innovations they produce will contribute just as much to economic growth.Maybe more,in fact,because without the science of finance, all other sciences are just a bunch of neat concepts. Ideas begin to tribute to human betterment when they’re financed-by venture capital, stock offerings, loans, or buyouts. A smoothly operating financial system showers money on good ideas. Equally important, it cuts off funding to tired ideas and tired companies, so their assets can be employed more efficiently elsewhere.In the 21st century economy, innovation in finance will increase in concert with the increase in competition. Partly because of deregulation and globalization, competition should get tougher, and margins thinner. As products such as home mortgage loans become commoditized, financial-service companies will be forced to get more creative.Financial technology will keep feeding off informationtechnology. The secret to success will be a strong software platform, which will lower the cost of general services while making it possible to create high-margin variations as well. A few companies that get it right can spin away from the rest and become stronger and stronger.In the new world of finance, size counts. Big companies enjoy economies of scale and name recognition, and they can be safer because their bets are spread across more regions and market segments. The value of U.S.bank mergers in the first half of 1998 was greater than that of the three previous years combined. The mergers are occurring across industries as well.At the other extreme will be specialists that survive by doing one thing either very cheaply or exceptionally well. By offering lower prices or better service, specialists will discipline the financial supermarkets; the big guys know their customers can walk away if they get a raw deal. “There is no way we are going to maximize a short term transactional benefit at the risk of destroying a long-term relationship,” says Chase Manhattan Corp. Vice-Chairman Joseph G.Sponholz.Predictably, the biggest winners from financial innovation will be companies, and families that have complex finances. Banks already show signs of losing interest in people who want just plain checking accounts.But as incomes and wealth rise, more people will find themselves thrust into the role of asset managers. Businesses, too, will have to become more sophisticated-if only to keep pace with financially innovative rivals.36、In comparison with natural scientists, financial engineers（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】A［A］ may give even greater impetus to social development.［B］can show more attention-getting features of their work.［C］ are more likely to make full use of their raw material.［D］ will produce as many innovations to advance economy.37、In the absence of financial support,all scientific concepts（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】B［A］ would remain groups of merely impractical thoughts.［B］could barely benefit the improvement of people’s life.［C］ should hardly lose venture capital and bank loans.［D］ might become tired ideas that cannot be implemented.38、In the current century,financial companies will（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】C［A］take great pains to counter any other rival business firms.［B］repel deregulation and globalization of financial service.［C］ employ information technology to make more profits.［D］provide money for IT industry to create advanced software.39、 The startling growth of bank mergers indicates that（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】A［A］ scale is of vital importance to the survival of financial systems.［B］financial-service companies need to turn out more creative products.［C］ demand for investment of capital is becoming greater and greater.［D］ big companies want to risk their money on more than one result.40、Companies or families may lose their rivalry in financing if they（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】D［A］ defy unfair deals with customers.［B］ make bargains profitable.［C］ cause innovation to be timely.［D］ put all their eggs in one basket.三、完形埴空题(每题2分，共10分)阅读下列短文，请将答案A-G填入相应的答题框，修改无误后点“提交”A great many articles and books discussing environmental and resource problems begin with the proposition that there is an environmental and resource crisis. If this means that the situation of humanity is worse now than in the past, then the idea of a crisis-and all that follows from it-is dead wrong. In almost every respect important to humanity, the trends have been improving, not deteriorating.Our world now supports 5.6 billion people. In the nineteenth century, the earth could sustain only 1 billion. And 10,000 years ago, only 1 million people could keep themselves alive. People are now living more healthily than ever before.One would expect lovers of humanity-people who hate war and worry about famine in Africa-to jump with joy at this extraordinary triumph of the human mind and human organization over the raw forces of nature.41).___It is amazing but true that a resource shortage resulting from population or income growth usually leaves us better off than if the shortage had never arisen.42).__The prices of food, metals, and other raw materials have been declining by every measure since the beginning of the nineteenth century, and as far back as we know; that is, raw materials have been getting less scarce throughout history, defying the common sense notion that if one begins with an inventory of a resource and uses some up, there will be less left. This is despite, and indirectly because of, increasing population.43).__ Also, we do not say that a better future happens automatically or without effort.44).__ We are confident that the nature of the physical world permits continued improvement in humankind’s economic lot in the long run, indefinitely. Of course, there are always newly arising local problems, shortages,and pollution, resulting from climate or increased population and income and new technologies. Sometimes temporary large-scale problems arise. 45).__ That is the great lesson to be learned from human history.41、（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】D［A］If firewood had not become scarce in seventeenth-century England, coal would not have been developed. If coal and whale oil shortages hadn’t loomed, oil wells would not have been dug.［B］But the world’s physical conditions and the resilience(power of recoveringquickly) of a well-functioning economic and social system enable us to overcome such problems, and the solutions usually leave us better off than if the problem had never arisen.［C］ The recent extraordinary decrease in the death rate-to my mind, the greatest miracle in history-accounts for the bumper crop of humanity. In the last 200 years, life expectancy in the advanced countries jumped from the mid-30’s to 70’s.［D］Instead, they lament(feel sorrow) that there are so many human beings, and wring their hands(indicate despair) about the problems that more people inevitably bring, and resources will be further diminished.［E］ It will happen because men and women-sometimes as individuals, sometimes as enterprises working for profit, sometimes as voluntary nonprofit groups, and sometimes asgovernmental agencies-will address problems with muscle and mind, and will probably overcome, as has been usual through history.［F］Statistic studies show that population growth doesn’t lead to slower economic growth, though this defies common sense. Nor is high population density a drag on economic development.［G］We don’t say that all is well everywhere, and we don’t predict that all will be rosy in the future. Children are hungry and sick; people live out lives of physical or intellectual poverty and lack of opportunity; war or some other pollution may do us in.42、（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】A［A］If firewood had not become scarce in seventeenth-century England, coal would not have been developed. If coal and whale oil shortages hadn’t loomed, oil wells would not have been dug.［B］But the world’s physical conditions and the resilience(power of recoveringquickly) of a well-functioning economic and social system enable us to overcome such problems, and the solutions usually leave us better off than if the problem had never arisen.［C］ The recent extraordinary decrease in the death rate-to my mind, the greatest miracle in history-accounts for the bumper crop of humanity. In the last 200 years, life expectancy in theadvanced countries jumped from the mid-30’s to 70’s.［D］Instead, they lament(feel sorrow) that there are so many human beings, and wring their hands(indicate despair) about the problems that more people inevitably bring, and resources will be further diminished.［E］ It will happen because men and women-sometimes as individuals, sometimes as enterprises working for profit, sometimes as voluntary nonprofit groups, and sometimes as governmental agencies-will address problems with muscle and mind, and will probably overcome, as has been usual through history.［F］Statistic studies show that population growth doesn’t lead to slower economic growth, though this defies common sense. Nor is high population density a drag on economic development.［G］We don’t say that all is well everywhere, and we don’t predict that all will be rosy in the future. Children are hungry and sick; people live out lives of physical or intellectual poverty and lack of opportunity; war or some other pollution may do us in.43、（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】G［A］If firewood had not become scarce in seventeenth-century England, coal would not have been developed. If coal and whale oil shortages hadn’t loomed, oil wells would not have been dug.［B］But the world’s physical conditions and the resilience(power of recoveringquickly) of a well-functioning economic and social system enable us to overcome such problems, and the solutions usually leave us better off than if the problem had never arisen.［C］ The recent extraordinary decrease in the death rate-to my mind, the greatest miracle in history-accounts for the bumper crop of humanity. In the last 200 years, life expectancy in the advanced countries jumped from the mid-30’s to 70’s.［D］Instead, they lament(feel sorrow) that there are so many human beings, and wring their hands(indicate despair) about the problems that more people inevitably bring, and resources will be further diminished.［E］ It will happen because men and women-sometimes as individuals, sometimes as enterprises working for profit, sometimes as voluntary nonprofit groups, and sometimes as governmental agencies-will address problems with muscle and mind, and will probably overcome, as has been usual through history.［F］ Statistic studies show that population growth doesn’t lead to slower economic growth, though this defies common sense. Nor is high population density a drag on economic development.［G］We don’t say that all is well everywhere, and we don’t predict that all will b e rosy in the future. Children are hungry and sick; people live out lives of physical or intellectual poverty and lack of opportunity; war or some other pollution may do us in.44、（本题分值：2分）【正确答案】E［A］If firewood had not become scarce in seventeenth-century England, coal would not have been developed. If coal and whale oil shortages hadn’t loomed, oil wells would not have been dug.［B］But the world’s physical conditions and the resilience(power of recoveringquickly) of a well-functioning economic and social system enable us to overcome such problems, and the solutions usually leave us better off than if the problem had never arisen.［C］ The recent extraordinary decrease in the death rate-to my mind, the greatest miracle in history-accounts for the bumper crop of humanity. In the last 200 years, life expectancy in the advanced countries jumped from the mid-30’s to 70’s.［D］Instead, they lament(feel sorrow) that there are so many human beings, and wring their hands(indicate despair) about the problems that more people inevitably bring, and resources will be further diminished.［E］ It will happen because men and women-sometimes as individuals, sometimes as enterprises working for profit, sometimes as voluntary nonprofit groups, and sometimes as governmental agencies-will address problems with muscle and mind, and will probably overcome, as has been usual through history.［F］Statistic studies show that population growth doesn’t lead to slower economic growth, though this defies common sense. Nor is high population density a drag on economic。
2005年研究生入学考试英语真题_2005年研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案
20xx年研究生入学考试英语真题_20xx年研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1(10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers pared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals ,we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of7 human smells even when these are8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because somepeople do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are thecells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly bee sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else#39;s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. ［A］although ［B］as ［C］but ［D］while2. ［A］above ［B］unlike ［C］excluding ［D］besides3. ［A］limited ［B］mitted ［C］dedicated ［D］confined4. ［A］catching ［B］ignoring ［C］missing ［D］tracking5. ［A］anyway ［B］though ［C］instead ［D］therefore6. ［A］even if ［B］if only ［C］only if ［D］as if7. ［A］distinguishing［B］discovering ［C］determining［D］detecting8. ［A］diluted ［B］dissolved ［C］determining［D］diffused9. ［A］when ［B］since ［C］for ［D］whereas10. ［A］unusual ［B］particular ［C］unique ［D］typical11. ［A］signs ［B］stimuli ［C］messages ［D］impulses12. ［A］at first ［B］at all ［C］at large ［D］at times13. ［A］subjected ［B］left ［C］drawn ［D］exposed14. ［A］ineffective ［B］inpetent ［C］inefficient ［D］insufficient15. ［A］introduce ［B］summon ［C］trigger ［D］create16. ［A］still ［B］also ［C］otherwise ［D］nevertheless17. ［A］sure ［B］sick ［C］aware ［D］tired18. ［A］tolerate ［B］repel ［C］neglect ［D］notice19. ［A］availabe ［B］reliable［C］identifiable［D］suitable20. ［A］similar to［B］such as ［C］along with ［D］aside from。
2005年（GCT）全国考试统考英语真题及答案
第四部分外语运⽤能⼒测试（英语）（50 题，每题2 分，满分100 分）（答案仅供参考） Part One Vocabulary and Structure Directions： There are ten incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line though the center. 1.To speed ____A____ your entry,please bring your Admission Card with you.A.upB.onC.cutD.down 2.More thunderstorms ____C____ in summer than any other time of the year.A.happenedB.have happenedC.happenD.will happen 3.Experts say the space rock is probably ____D____ more than U.S.$30，000.A.weightyB.costlyC.valuableD.worth. 4.Susan will come to watch him ____B____ at Wimbledon this week.A.playedB.playC.to playD.playing 5.Children don't ___B_____ understand what are reciting,but gradually it will have in impact on thinking.A.playedB.playC.to playD.playing 6.Every year,thousands of college students apply for the CCTV Cup English Speech ____D____.A.ArgumentB.QuarrelC.DebateD.Contest 7.___B_____ shall we forget the day when we received the admission into Harvard University.A.No timeB.NeverC.No soonerD.Nonetheless 8.The newly released movie was ____D____ as to arouse so much sensation among the young people.A.No timeB.NeverC.No soonerD.Nonetheless 9.Today's popular clothing chains ____C____ teenagers,who can be counted upon to change their tastes every 30 days.A.resort toB.attend toC.appeal toD.apply to 10.There is going to be ___A_____ time for people to assess whether or not we have made the right decision in this time of urgency.A.sufficientB.additionalC.efficientD.consequent Part Two Reading Comprehension Directions： In this part there are three passages and one advertisement,each followed questions or unfinished statements.For each of them,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line though the center.Questions 11—15 are based on the following passage： The first ancient Olympics were held in 776 B.C.The games got their name from Olympia,the Greek city where they took place.Like the summer Olympics of today,the ancient Olympics were held every four years. Thousands of people from all over the Greek world came to watch.The main stadium held about 45，000 people.We have accounts of visitor and pilgrims setting up tents all around the site. Lisa Cerrato of Tufts University said. During the first Olympics,there was only one competition—a 200-meter race.But over time the games grew to include wrestling,chariot racing,boxing,and other sports.Women were not allowed to compete,but they had their own separate games. The ancient athlete became celebrities（名⼈）,just like today.They often lived the rest of their lives being treated to free dinners. Cerrato said,City-states even tried to steal away each other's athletes by offering them various awards. The ancient Olympics existed until A.D.393.But the modern Olympics are still going strong. 11.Where did the ancient Greeks hold their first Olympics？A.In AthensB.In OlympicsC.In a townD.In a state 12.How did researchers know that ancient Greeks rushed to watch the Olympics？ A.Thousands of people came to watch. B.The main stadium is still not big enough. C.They have found the related record of events. D.Many of them were visitor and pilgrims. 13.What did women do since they were not allowed to participate in the Olympics？ A.They stayed at home doing nothing. B.They organized protests in the city. C.They had their own games. D.They set up tents around the site. 14.The ancient athletes must have felt honored when they ___________ . pleted in a 200-meter race. B.wrestled with each other C.read the accounts of the games D.received the treatment of free dinners 15.It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that __________ . A.the ancient athletes liked to celebrate their victories B.free dinners were offered during the competition C.city-states competed with each other to win the Olympics D.awards were often stolen to honor the athletes Questions 16—20 are based on the following passage： Why are mobiles so popular？Because people love to talk to each other.And it is easier with a mobile phone.In countries like Russia and China,people use mobile phone in places where there is no ordinary telephone.Business people use mobiles when they're traveling.In some countries,like Japan,many people use their mobile phones to send e-mail message and access the Internet.They use a new kind of mobile phone called i-mode。
05年考研英语真题
05年考研英语真题In recent years, the number of students taking the postgraduate entrance examination in China has been increasing significantly. The competition is fierce and the difficulty of the exam is continuously rising. One important part of the exam is the English test. In this article, we will analyze the 2005 postgraduate entrance exam's English questions and discuss the strategies for tackling them effectively.1. Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section is a crucial part of the English test. It tests the candidate's ability to understand and analyze written texts in English. In the 2005 exam, the reading comprehension passage covered a topic related to environmental protection.To excel in this section, it is essential to develop strong reading skills. Candidates should practice reading various types of texts, such as news articles, research papers, and literature. They should also enhance their vocabulary and learn to infer meaning from context. Moreover, to save time during the exam, it is advisable to skim the passage first and then read the questions to have a clear understanding of what to look for.2. Cloze TestThe cloze test measures the candidate's grammatical knowledge and ability to understand the context of a given passage. In the 2005 exam, the cloze test required candidates to fill in the blanks with appropriate words.To perform well in the cloze test, it is crucial to have a solid understanding of English grammar rules. Candidates should focus on improving their knowledge of parts of speech, tenses, and sentence structure. Additionally, they should practice completing cloze passages regularly to familiarize themselves with the patterns and vocabulary commonly found in this section.3. TranslationTranslation is an important skill that tests the candidate's ability to convey meaning accurately from one language to another. In the 2005 exam, candidates were required to translate a Chinese text into English.To excel in translation, candidates need to have a good command of both Chinese and English. They should practice translating various types of texts, including literary pieces, academic articles, and official documents. It is also essential to develop a strong understanding of cultural differences between the two languages to ensure accurate and appropriate translations.4. Essay WritingEssay writing is a crucial part of the English test, as it evaluates the candidate's ability to express ideas coherently and effectively. The 2005 exam required candidates to write an essay on the topic of international cooperation.To write a successful essay, candidates should first brainstorm ideas and create an outline. They should structure their essay with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. It is important to use appropriate vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structures. Candidates should alsodemonstrate critical thinking skills and support their arguments with relevant examples.In conclusion, the 2005 postgraduate entrance exam's English test was challenging, but with proper preparation and strategies, candidates can effectively tackle the questions. By developing strong reading skills, improving grammar knowledge, practicing translation, and mastering essay writing techniques, candidates can enhance their chances of success in the exam.。
2005年6月研究生英语学位统考真题及答案
2005年6月研究生学位英统考试题Part I VocabularySection A1.These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A amount toB conform toC contribute toD attach to2.The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug.A most poisonousB most likelyC most famousD most desirable3.This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A with the favor ofB find good jobs forC assume the responsibility forD accept the challenge of4.The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned.A collapsedB disappearedC perishedD scattered5.Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly.A for benefitsB by luckC for everD at hand.6.An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method foradvanced students.A ideaB changeC matterD policy7.This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has beenpropagated.A extendedB terminatedC speculatedD restricted8.The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but nevercame off.A was releasedB proved satisfactoryC failed completelyD won awards9.Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt.A gravitationB fascinationC seriousnessD incurability10.When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age.A utilizeB handleC masterD dominateSection B :The country once threatened to ___ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was too friendly to the rebels.A show offB keep offC break offD call off11.In English leaning, a ___ circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.A viciousB vigorousC verticalD voluntary12.Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow ___by the sun on the slate.A thrownB flungC castD tossed(upward)petition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare___ with other local districts.A significantlyB favorablyC dramaticallyD superficially14.If you don’t know how to ___ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be anightmare.A take hold ofB get rid ofC let go ofD make fun of15.This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not takenseriously.A episodeB epidemicC equivalentD eruption16.With a wide variety of fresh fruit ___available, canner fruit is no longer so popular as before.A willinglyB appropriatelyC confidentlyD readily =easily17.The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____that events could takeonce the coalition troops are withdrawn.A processB lineC wayD course18.Decades of ___ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad.A insulationB irrigationC integrationD isolation19.There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains ____ through suicide.A by and largeB once for all =foreverC heart and soulD on the wholePart II. ClozeThere is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere---- from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 21 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can’t 22 demand,” said inventor Mitch Altman of San Francisco, U.S. “I didn’t know there were so many people who wanted to turn TVs off.”Hundreds of orders for Altman’s US $14.99 TV-B-Gone device poured in last week. The tiny remote control device had been 23 in Wired magazine and other online-media outlets. 24 , the unexpected attention overloaded the website of his company. Cornfield Electronics, and caused it to 25 .The keychain device works like a 26 remote control ----but it only turns TVs on or off. With a push of the button, it goes through a 27 of about 200 infrared codes that control the power of about 1,000 television models. Altman said the majority of TVs should 28 within 17 seconds. It takes a little more than a minute for the device to 29 all the trigger codes.The 47-year-old Altman got the idea for TV-B-Gone a decade ago. He was out with friends at a restaurant and they found themselves all 30 by the TV, but no one was around to turn it off.21. A expects B expectation C expected D expecting22. A give in to B hold on to C make up for D keep up with23. A acknowledged B announced C admitted D applied24. A At times B On time C Behind time D At the same time25. A clash B crush =smash C cruise D crash26. A commonplace B universal C mean D medium27. A string B flock C school D fleet28. A repel B repeat C react D reproach =blame29. A submit B permit C omit D emit30. A bothered B haunted C interrupted D hinderedPart III. Reading ComprehensivePassage OneAnimals are more like us than we ever imagined. They feel pain, they experience stress, and they show affection, excitement and love. All these finding have been made by scientists in recent years----and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.Strangely enough, this research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC. Pressured by animal rights groups, these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals.McDonald’s, for instance, funded studies on pig behaviors at Purdue University, Indiana. This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other. If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill. Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2012. In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of humancontact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting.Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans.Koko, the 300-pound gorilla (大猩猩)at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language. Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language. On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95.Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom. Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness. Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: “If you believe in evolution, how can’t you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?”Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity. But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case. In fact, learning is passed from parents to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this , should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians. Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights.31. The author feels it strange that the research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC probably because these companies_____.A are the largest fast food chains in the world.B have little to do with animals.C consume a large amount of meat each day.D are notorious for their ill-treatment to animals.32.The experiment with Koko shows _____.A gorillas’ IQ scores are as high as human beings’B animals are much cleverer than we used to believe.C parent animals can pass learning to their offspring intentionally.D some gorillas are smarter than many humans.33.Which of the following is NOT true according to the studies?A Some animals have developed language skills.B Some animals can show their feelings.C Animals enjoy playing with each other.D Animals become indifferent when one of them dies.34. By citing the question “If you believe in evolution, how can’t you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?” the author means____.A human feelings can trace their origin back to animals.B animal’s feelings are as developed as human beings’.C from the point of view of evolution animals should have no feelings.D we can’t believe that animals have feelings that human beings have.35. The studies urge us to ____.A stop killing animals for food.B ban hunting and animal testingC close zoos and animal farmsD change our ways to treat animals.36. The purpose of this passage is to tell us that ____.A animals are much smarter than we ever imagined.B animals rights should be taught in schools.C we should show greater respect to animals.D animals rights should be protected worldwide.Passage TwoTies have no practical use at all and most men see them as part of a uniform instead of an independent piece of clothing. But, these small strips of cloth should not be underestimated, fashion experts say.The shirt, suit or jacket are neutral means of expression. But, the tie gives you the final personal touch, experts suggest.In fact, its color also has psychological importance. “Red, for instance, evokes feelings of warmth and intimacy”, according to Axel V enn. He’s a professor of design at the University of Applied Sciences and Art in Germany. “It also stands for energy, dynamism and strength.”Using shades of color requires understanding and sensitivity. Orange is regarded as a lively color. Blue stands for matter-of-fact, solitude and coolness. Shiny yellow stirs amusement. Green is the color of nature and harmony.It’s only when the color fits the personal character that it is viewed as authentic.“A lively orange with a black suit and white shirt can look great at a private party or in an artistic environment,” V enn says. “In a conservati ve environment such as in a bank such dress is unsuitable.”Imme V ogelsang, a trainer of etiquette in Hamburg, Germany, recommends in business environment how contrasting colors such as wine red, dark green or dark blue.But feminine colors have also become popular. “Light green and a fine rose color play an increasing role. Such colors express innovation and sensitivity,” V enn says.Also, patterns that stand out can be an interesting eye catcher in a private environment but are unsuitable in business.“Stripes and small geometric patterns are more appropriate in business,” V ogelsang says, “but stripes should never run vertically or horizontally.”With diagonal stripes it is important to look at the direction. They should run from the bottom left to the right top. “This symbolizes dynamism. In the opposite direction it shows fear and escapist thoughts.”37. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A Ties---Impractical Pieces of Clothing.B Psychological Importance of TiesC What The Colors of Ties MeanD The Colors of Ties and the Occasions to Wear Them.38.According to the passage, ties are more important ____.A than shirts, suits or jackets.B in colors than in patterns.C in expressing one’s mo od than shirts.D in business than on private occasions.39. What color of ties should one wear, if he wants to appear energetic?A GreenB OrangeC Shiny yellowD Red40. The best color for the tie of a judge in a court should be ____A light greenB lively orangeC fine roseD dark blue41.What kind of ties is more suitable on an important business occasion?A Ties without stripes and geometric patterns.B Ties with stripes of vertical or horizontal patterns.C Ties of no bright colors and obvious patternsD Plain ties without any stripes and patterns42.It is implied in the passage that ___.A ties with stripes from the bottom left to the right top are not popular.B ties with stripes from the bottom right to the left top are not popular.C ties with stripes of vertical or horizontal patterns are popularD ties of feminine colors are out of fashion nowadays.Passage ThreeMusicians are fascinated with the possibility that music may be found in nature; it makes our own desire for art seem all the more essential. Over the past few years no less a bold musical explorer than Peter Gabriel has been getting involved. At the Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, he has been making music together with Kanzi, one of the bonobo apes （倭黑猩猩）involved in the long-term language acquisition studies of Sue and Duane Savage-Rumbaugh.I have seen the video of Kanzi picking notes out on a piano-like keyboard, with Gabriel and members of his band playing inside the observation booth in the lab. (They did it this way because Kanzi had bitten one of his trainers a few days previously----interspecies communication without its dangers.) The scene is beautiful, the ape trying out the new machine and looking thoughtfully pleased with what comes out. He appears to be listening, playing the right notes. It is tentative but moving, the animal groping for something from the human world but remaining isolated from the rest of the band. It is a touching encounter, and a bold move for a musician whose tune Shock the Monkey many years ago openly condemne d the horrors of less sensitive animals experiments than this.What is the scientific value of such a jam session? The business of the Research Center is the forging of greater communication between human and animal. Why not try the fertile and mysterious ground of music in addition to the more testable arena of simple language? The advantage of hearing music in nature and trying to reach out to nature through music is that, though we don’t fully understand it, we can easily have access to it. We don’t need to explain its working to be touched by it. Two musicians who don’t speak the same language can play together, and we can appreciate the music from human cultures far from our own.Music needs no explanation, but it clearly expresses something deep and important, something humans can’t live without. Finding music in the sounds of birds, whales and other animals makes the farther frontiers of nature seem that much closer to us.43. It can be learned from the passage that Peter Gabriel _____.A is a bold expert on animal behaviour.B wants to find more about natural music.C is working on animal’s language abilityD specializing in human-animal cooperation44. Kanzi was arranged to stay in a separate place ____.A to prevent him from attacking the human playersB so that he would not be disturbed by others.C because he needed a large room to move around.D after he had destroyed the others’ musical instruments.45.Kanzi the ape____.A was annoyed by the music-playing activity .B demonstrated no unusual talent for music.C became more obedient when playing music.D seemed content with what he was producing.46. Which of the following words can best describe the advantage of music?A ControllableB ExplanationC AccessibleD Testable47. The writer seems to suggest that _______A music should replace language as the major arena of animal research .B animal experiments are more often than not cruel and inhuman.C great progress has been made in the field of interspecies communication.D the experiment with music may help scientific research on animals.48. The best title for the passage is ________.A Music---The Essence of NatureB Music--- A Better Way to Enjoy Nature .C Music--- A New Frontier for ScientistsD Music--- Beyond National and Cultural BoundaryPassage FourIn a recent Sunday school in a church in the Northeast, a group of eight-to-ten-year-olds were in deep discussion with their two teachers. When asked to choose which of ten stated possibilities they most feared happening their response was unanimous. All the children most dreaded a divorce between their parents.Later, as the teachers, a man and a woman in their late thirties, reflected on the lesson, they both agreed they’d been shocked at the response. When they were the same age as their students, they said, the possibility of their parents’ being divorced never entered their heads. Y et in just one generation, children seemed to feel much less security in their family ties.Nor is the experience of these two Sunday school teachers an isolated one. Psychiatrists revealed in one recent newspaper investigation that the fears of children definitely do change in different period; and in recent times, divorce has become one of the most frequently mentioned anxieties. In one case, for example, a four-year-old insisted that his father rather than his mother walk him to nursery school each day. The reason? He said many of his friends had “no daddy living at home, and I’m scared that will happen to me.”In line with such reports, our opinion leaders expressed great concern about the present and future status of the American family. In the poll 33 percent of the responses listed decline in fa mily structure, divorce and other family-oriented concerns as one of the five major problems facing the nation today. And 26 percent of the responses included such family difficulties as one of the five major problems for the United States in the next decade.One common concern expressed about the rise in divorces and decline in stability of the family is that the family unit has traditionally been a key factor in transmitting stable cultural and moral values from generation to generation. Various studies have shown that educational and religious institutions often can have only a limited impact on children without strong family support.49.It is mentioned that in a Sunday school class the children ____A deeply impressed their teachers.B had an argument with their teachers.C feared answering their teachers’ question.D gave the same response to their teachers’ question.50. The two teachers in the Sunday school felt ___.A responsible for tightening school security.B no fear of the divorce of their students’ parents.C no threat of broken family ties when they were ten-year-olds.D shocked at the divorce rates of their students’ parents.51. The author uses a four-year-old as an example to ____.A show the anxiety of today’s children.B emphasize the importance of family ties.C indicate the seriousness of psychological problems.D reveal the change of children’s attitude toward divorce.52. It is stated that one third of the American population_______.A consider family-oriented concerns to be a big problem.B are worried about the future of the United States.C believe the social situation is getting worse.D are facing family difficulties.53. Family has been regarded as a major carrier of __________.A religious beliefsB various customsC social traditionsD cultural and moral values.54. It is implied in the passage that ____.A Sunday school teachers are different from public school teachers.B family has stronger impact on children than other social institutions.C in a decade family-oriented concerns will be the same as they are now.D parents’ divorce has long been children’s biggest fear.Passage FiveFaith in medicine runs deep in America. We spend more per person on health care than any other nation. Whether we eat too much or exercise too little, whether we’re turning gray or feeling blue, we look to some pill or procedure to make us better.We assume that devoting ever more dollars to medicine will bring us longer, healthier lives. But there is mounting evidence that each new dollar we devote to the current health care system brings small and diminishing returns to public health. Today the United States spends more than $4,500 per person per year on health care. Costa Rica spends less than $ 300. Y et life expectancy at birth is nearly identical in both countries.Despite the highly publicized “longevity revolution”, life expectancy among the elderly in the United States is hardly improving. Y es, we are an aging society, but primarily because of falling birthrates. Y ounger Americans, meanwhile, are far more likely to be disabled than they were 20 years ago. Most affected are people in their thirties, whose disability rates increased by nearly 130 percent, due primarily to overweight.Why has our huge investment in health care left us so unhealthy? Partly it is because so many promised “miracle cures,” from interferon to gene therapies, have proven to be ineffective or even dangerous. Partly it’s because health care dollars are so conc entrated on the terminally ill and the very old that even when medical interventions “work”, the gains to average life expectancy are small. And partly it is because medical errors and adverse reaction to prescription drugs, which cause more deaths than motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer or AIDS. Each year roughly 200,000 seniors suffer fatal or life-threatening “adverse drug events” due to improper drug or drug interaction.Why don’t Americans live any longer than Costa Ricans? Overwhelmingly, it’s because of differences in behaviour. Americans exercise less, eat more , drive more ,smoke more, and lead more socially isolated lives. Even at its best, modern medicine can do little to promote productive aging, because by the time most people come in contact with it their bodies are already compromised by stress, indulgent habits, environmental dangers and injuries.55. Americans in general believe that ____.A more money spent on health care may not result in better health.B health problems caused by bad habits can hardly be solved by medicine.C higher birthrate can better solve the problem of aging society than medicine.D medicine may provide an effective cure for various health problems.56. Compared with the Americans, Costa Ricans ___.A have a healthier way of life.B enjoy a longer life expectancyC are more dependent on medicine.D are less concerned about their health.57. The biggest problem affecting the health of younger Americans may be summarized as the problem of ___.A overworkB lifestyleC stressD depression58. Which of the following is NOT a reason why health care investment fails to bring a longer life?A Imbalanced distribution of health care money.B Failure of many highly-evaluated medical treatment.C Soaring prices of both drugs and new therapies.D Drug reaction due to improper use of drugs.59. It is implied in the last paragraph that _______A medicine should be taken timely before it is too late.B poor health conditions leave little room for medicine to work.C great efforts should be made to develop new types of medicine.D it is reasonable to question the effectiveness of medicine.60. The passage is mainly focused on ___.A the limits of medicineB the life hazards in the U.S.C the barriers to a longer life.D the problems with health investment.Paper TwoPart IV TranslationSection AThis book derives from decades of teaching in various schools across the country. It is based on the belief that philosophy is a genuinely exciting subject, accessible not only to specialists and a few gifted undergraduate majors but to everyone. Everyone is a philosopher, whether enrolled in a philosophical course or not. The difference is that someone who has studied philosophy systematically has the advantage of having encountered stronger and more varied arguments than might have been available otherwise . What is special about this book is that it offers introductory students the opportunity of having direct contact with substantial readings from significant books on philosophy, but without the unreasonable demand that they confront these books in full, which are often incomprehensible.Section B人人都有追求幸福的权利, 但对幸福的定义却因人而异.绝大多数人认为幸福来自于健康的身体、愿望的实现和事业有成. 正如经常发生的那样, 许多人在遇到痛苦时才意识到幸福的真正含义.Part V WritingDirections: You are to write in no less than 150 words about the title “Which One is Better for Graduate Studies----Two Years or Three Years?” You s hould base your composition on the information given below:The standard three-year master’s program in China has been with us for many years, but it was challenged by some educational experts recently. They said two years was enough for the program.1.As a graduate student, which do you think is better for you to finish your graduate studies----two years or three years?2.Give at least two reasons to support your choice.答案：2005.61-10 ADDBC, BABCB, 11-20 CACBC, BDDDB 21-30 CDBAD, BACDA31-40 CBDAD, CBCDD 41-50 CBBAD, CDCDC 51-60 AADBD, ABCBATranslation :本书是全国不同学校讲课几十年的结晶。