2020英语考研阅读中猜词题解题分析与练习
2020年高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专练(附答案)

2020年高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专练(附答案)1.阅读理解A young man was walking through a supermarket to pick up a few things when he noticed an old lady following him around. Thinking nothing of it,he ignored her and continued on. Finally, he went to the checkout line, but she got in front of him. “Pardon me,” she said, “I'm sorry if my staring at you has made you feel uncomfortable. It's just that you look just like my son who just died recently.”“I'm very sorry,” replied the young man, “Is there anything I can do for you?”“Yes,” she said, “As I'm leaving, can you say ‘Goodbye mother'? It would make me feel much better”. “Sure,” answered the young man.As the old lady was leaving the count er, he called out from behind her, “Goodbye mother!” As he stepped up to the checkout counter and put what he bought on the counter, he saw that his total was $127.5. “How can that be?” he asked, “I only bought a few things!”“Your mother said that you would pay for her.” said the clerk.(1)The underlined word ‘ignore' most probably means _______.A. not to pay attention toB. to put on a smile atC. to watch out for (小心,当心)D. to look down upon(看不起)(2)Which of the following is the right order of the events in the story?a. the man said “Goodbye mother!”b. The woman left the supermarket.c. The woman spoke to the man.d. The man came to the counter.e. The woman got in front of the man.f. The woman followed the man.A. e,f,c,b,a,dB. c,e,f,a,b,dC. f,e,c,a,b,dD. d,e,c,f,b,a(3)What can be concluded(结论)from the passage?A. The man was fooled by the woman.B. The woman was too poor to pay for herself.C. The man didn't pay for the woman.D. The man didn't buy anything in the end.2.根据短文理解,选择正确答案。
2020中考中考英语阅读理解专项攻略讲解三(含解析)

中考中考英语阅读理解专项攻略讲解三(含解析)最近几年,中考英语阅读理解猜词义题成了一种必考题型,它不但考查学生的阅读理解能力,而且还有逻辑推理能力。
学生要想做好这类题,除了足够的词汇量和平时的阅读训练外,掌握熟悉这个题型的特点及做题思路方法也是很必要的。
●命题特点分析①根据文章意思,逻辑性对文章中生词词义猜测,熟词新意的猜测.②根据上下文,对文章中出现的代词that, it, they, this代替文章中内容的猜测.③根据构词法,对文章中出现的生词猜词义.④对文章中出现的短语词义的猜测.●词义猜测题解题思路①根据定义,或释义猜测词义.②根据转折和对比关系猜词义.③根据同位语猜词义④根据句子之间的因果关系猜词义.⑤利用文章中举例子猜词义⑥根据构词法猜词义⑦根据语境逻辑推理猜词义.●主旨大意题设置方式① What does the underlined word phrase/sentence"."most probably mean② The underlined word/ phrase"."means③Which of the following can be used here to replace(ft)the underlined phrase "."④What does the word “_____” refer to?⑤ The underlined the word “---“ is the closest in the meaning to_______.词义猜测题解题思路实例分析●词义猜测题实例1. 根据转折和对比关系猜词义.(2019杭州中考)Children with the defect need all the help. Although many sufferers are accepted by their families, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. The good news is that the operation is not difficult. It takes lessthan an hour and costs the family nothing. The charity raises money and finds the right medical volunteers to perform the operations.1.The underlined word "abandoned" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .A. given upB. dressed upC. called upD. brought up●词义猜测题实例2 .根据语境逻辑推理猜词义.(2019杭州中考)S ome parents are worried too —for example, Vanessa Holburn, thirty-two, who has two girls underthe age of four. Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy. "Pink says that you are softand gentle.Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I'mworried that pink will not help them with that." she says.1.The underlined word " that" in Paragraph 3 means .A. being soft and gentleB. being strong and powerfulC. being gentle but powerfulD. being cute and beautiful●猜词义题实例3.Green roofs are not just pretty. They also help to moderate the city temperature. The high temperatures on common roofs in the summer can make top floor flats uncomfortably hot. What is more, they play a part in making the cities hotter than the countryside around them, causing the“urban heat-island effect”. On a green roof, however, with its plants and water, temperatures change only a little, as they do in a park. This can greatly cut the costs of heating and cooling in the building below.1.Th e underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 3 is the closest in meaning to “____”.A. raiseB. checkC. recordD. control●猜词义题实例4.利用文章中举例子猜词义(2018浙江衢州中考)I have read plenty of articles about self-improvement these past few months, and most of them tell you that you need to wake up and keep positive(积极的). When you wake up, you need to think that something great is going to happen today, and that you are going to have a great day. This kind of positive attitude(态度) is supposed to change your whole day.So this morning I woke up and decided to give it a whirl. The sun was shining brightly through my bedroomwindow, and it immediately gave me this warm feeling inside. I thought to myself, "Today is going to be a great day. One of the best days ever!"1.The meaning of the underlined phrase "give it a whirl" is probably similar to "_______".A. get dressedB. have e tryC. read booksD. make money●猜测词义题实例5.根据定义,或释义猜测词义.(2018湖州中考)But what happens if your tears don't work? What happens if the piece of sand has gotten stuck in your eye? Eyes are delicate. They can be scratched or cut easier than skin(皮肤). If the particle is not washed out by tears, you might have to go to the doctor. You could even have problems seeing out of that eye.1.The underlined word" delicate" in Paragraph 3 means ___________.A. easily hurtB. quite importantC. easily protectedD. quite special●猜测词义实例6. 释义猜测词义.(2018金华中考)But shyness is not the kind of thing that most people can get over overnight. Overcoming shyness take time and needs practice.1.What does the underlined word "overnight" in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?A. CorrectlyB. SuddenlyC. SlowlyD. Finally.●猜测词义题实例7.句子之间的因果关系猜词义.The flower in the vase was withered because they had no water.1.What is the meaning of the word “withered “?A.枯萎的B.活力的C.生命力的D.美丽的●猜测词义题实例8. 构词法猜词义The people from 150 countries live and work in Dubai, and foreigners now outnumber Dubai natives(本地人) by eight to one.1.What does the underlined word “ outnumber” mean?A.To be small in size than another group.B.To be more in number than another groupC.To be bigger in area than another groupD.To small in area than another group阅读理解猜测词义题经典习题练基础篇AA British man has learned the skills needed to perform Beijing Opera, making the audience (观众) enjoy his lively performance of the Monkey King.Ghaffar Pourazar, born in Iran, said he has been a big fan of Bruce Lee since he was a child and is full of interest about China. In 1993, he happened to watch Beijing Opera performed in London by professionals from Jingju Theatre Company of Beijing. Ghaffar said he fell in love with the beautiful voices, colorful costumes, excellent shows and so on. So after one year, he arrived in China alone and became a student of Beijing Opera at a Beijing school.At the age of 32, he had to learn with teenage students every day, starting from the most basic training of the legs and waist. At the time, he was mostly troubled by the dialogue in Beijing Opera. To him, it was the biggest obstacle. But he never gave up.Four years later, he began to learn to perform the Monkey King, a traditional character from the Chinese classic story Journey to the West. He said he arrived in the workroom an hour earlier than other performers and also bought books and CDs to better understand the character.Ghaffar today is not only good a speaking Beijing dialect (方言) but has also built a fame for Beijing Opera. He once got a top international prize for performing the Monkey King.To help more people enjoy Beijing Opera, Ghaffar often teaches the traditional art form in schools in the United States, Britain and other countries. When he found that the language was difficult to understand, he started to translate Beijing Opera song lyrics. Ghaffar led a group of actors to perform 66 times in a month and a half in the United States. He also led a 48-member team to perform in Malaysia. In the past 10 years, he has performed in more than 400 shows.1.In the year of 1994, Ghaffar began to ________.A. make friends with Bruce LeeB. take an interest in ChinaC. learn Beijing Opera in BeijingD. act the part of the Monkey King2.The underlined word "obstacle" in Paragraph 3 probably means "________".A. chanceB. problemC. topicD. dream3.It can be inferred from the passage that Ghaffar ________.A. is successful in performing Beijing OperaB. has written some books about Beijing OperaC. got a prize for translating Journey to the WestD. doesn't need any more members in his team4.The passage is most probably from the part of ________ in a newspaper.A. sportsB. businessC. cultureD. education提高篇(2017金华中考) BAlmost all animals need to sleep to stay healthy. But sleeping can also be dangerous because other animals may hurt those who are sleeping. This leads to many different ways of sleeping that help them stay safe. Some of these ways may surprise you!Almost all bats sleep upside down. They hang from a branch of a tree or the ceiling of a cave. Up high, bats are safe from most other animals. If they are in danger, they just fly away.A dolphin sleeps with just half its brain at a time. It must stay awake to breathe and to watch for danger. Dolphin mothers and babies can go without sleep for as long as two months to stay safe.Some ducks sleep with just half their brai ns, too. These ducks often sleep in a line. The ducks at both ends help to keep the group safe. They keep one eye open to watch for danger. The ducks in the middle sleep deeply with both eyes closed.Seals breathe air, but that doesn’t stop some of them from sleeping underwater. They hold their breath and dive deep to sleep for up to twenty minutes at a time. Sleeping deep underwater helps these seals stay safe from animals that hunt them near the surface.Horses often sleep standing up. Their legs lock in place so they don’t fall over. If a horse is lying down, it needs a long time to get up. A horse can run from danger more quickly if it is already standing.A flamingo can sleep while standing on one leg. The standing leg locks so it stays straight. The other leg remains close to the flamingo’s body. Its head rests on its back. A flamingo lives (and s leeps) near many other birds to stay safe.Some seabirds can sleep while they fly. These large birds spend most of their lives over the ocean. They are in danger on the water, but they are safe in the air. They fly for many hours without flapping(拍打)their wings. Sometimes they sleep while they are flying.Would you like to sleep how they sleep?1. The animals that sleep with half their brains are _______.A. ducks and sealsB. dolphins and ducksC. bats and dolphinsD. flamingos and seabirds2. Horses often stand up when they sleep because _______.A. they can run from danger quicklyB. they are afraid of falling overC. this helps them to sleep deeplyD. it takes them a long time to go to sleep3. The underlined word “hunt” in Paragraph 5 probably means _______.A. offer to helpB. come to teachC. refuse to protectD. want to kill4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. How animals sleepB. Sleep to stay healthyC. Sleep as animals doD. What sleeping animals are like(2017湖州中考) CI’m not kind of mother who normally brushes her daughter’s hair, and my daughter has never like sitting there, waiting for me to do it.But today, I’ve sat my daughter Sally on a kitchen stool(凳子). She’s sitting high w ith her eyes closed, skin still wet from the shower, and her longhair behind her back. I realize she is enjoying the moment. It’s the last time for a week that our bodies will connect. Today,I’m sending Sally away for a week of summer camp. This was all my idea. She’s nearly 12,and I noticed that I’m with my child nearly 24 hours a day.Living on a farm without any neighbors, I’ve chosen a life that is quieter than a normal family’s. But rather than expecting space away from me, Sally has become increasingly dependent. What frightens me most is that she has become a “mini-me”, even has the same hobbies, dreams, and opinions as me. That’s why I pulled her the summer camp: a nearby wilderness(荒野) camp called Hawk Circle.After eating, I drive Sally to Hawk Circle. Once there, we are introduced to her fellow campers, Sally stands by them, holding my hand, horror in her eyes,trying to work up the courage to join a game of soccer. “I need you for a few more minutes,” she tells me. I pull her away to walk to one of the camp’s workers.”Excuse me.”I say loudly, “I’d like to introduce you to my daughter. Maybe you could help her meet a few of these kids.” He comes over talk to Sally, and the I disappear before she realizes it.It is a hard time for me to drive back. When I arrive home, I calm down and remind myself why I chose this way. I want Sally to have a chance to find herself. I want to learn who she is. If I don’t set her free, I fear I’ll never really meet her real personality.1.Why did the writer send her daughter to the summer camp?A.Her daughter wanted to go to the summer camp.B.It was helpful for her daughter to make friends.C.She wanted to help build her daughter’s independence.D. Camp training was something common to her daughter.2.The underlined word “horror” in Paragraph 4 probably mean””.A.fearB. doubtC. hateD. pity3.How did the writer feel after leaving the camp?A.She was worried about her daughter’s health.B.She was proud that she had done something right.C. She was sorry and regretted sending her daughter away.D. She was upset but knew she had made the right decision.4The writer mainly wants to express .A.children are usually mirrors of parentsB.children always expect space from parentsC.parents sometimes need to let their children goD.parents should often send children to summer camps词义猜测题解题思路实例分析答案词义猜测题实例一解题思路分析:文章意思是尽管很多带有这种缺陷的孩子被父母接受,但是悲伤的是其它一些不被接受,在一些国家带有缺陷的孩子出生时就被 abandoned ,因为他们的父母感到羞愧和承担不起费用.根据although 转折关系,上句是接受accept 后句应该是give up.故答案:A词义猜测题实例二.解题思路分析:文章意思是粉红色pink代表的是温柔柔软,而蓝色blur代表强壮和力量strong and powerful .Vanessa的女儿喜欢pink ,但妈妈Vanessa想让女儿strong and powerful.最后一句I'mworried that pink will not help them with that." she says.妈妈担心pink不能在什么方面帮助. 显然答案是:B词义猜测题实例三。
【精品整理】2020年高考英语之高频考点解密十五 阅读理解之词义猜测题

解密15 阅读理解之词义猜测题考点详解词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息,结合中学生应有的常识和经验,正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组,通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。
用"逻辑关系梳理法"、"递向寻踪法"理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】1. The underlined word "…"in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that "…"in the first(second…) paragraph, the au thor means that ______.3. In paragraph …, "…"can be replaced by "______".4. The meaning of "…"in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph pro bably means that _____.对此类试题,考生应该进行大胆猜测,但这种猜测不是胡乱的,盲目的,而是有一定的方法和技巧。
下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
一、相似法:利用同义词、近义词(词组)或相似的结构猜测词义。
英语阅读技巧猜词猜短语练习高考英语二轮复习

阅读技巧推断推断单词意思:[典型例题]2020年新高考Ⅰ卷·13According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.◇What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.点拨:画线词所在句句意为:现有研究说你应该避免和食量大的超重人士一起吃饭,与之相反你真正应该避免的是与大食量的beanpoles一起吃饭。
由“contrary to existing research”可推断,beanpoles的意思应与heavier people的意思相反,故D项符合语境,意为“瘦高个子”。
[对点练习]1. (2020年新高考Ⅱ卷·25)The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol (手枪).I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.“Please bring that pistol to me,” I said. “I’m going to put it in my Grandma’s Box.”“What’s that?” they asked.“It’s a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren,” I replied.“You don’t have grandchildren,” someone said.“I don’t now,” I replied. “But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them.”My imaginary Grandma’s Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.◇What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to?A. The student’s parent.B. The maker of the Grandma’s Box.C. The author’s grandchild.D. The owner of the forbidden fruit.2. 2020年全国Ⅱ卷·30The fur trade kept nutria (海狸鼠) in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.◇What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.3. 2019年全国Ⅰ卷·25But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you todaywhy you should…should…” Chris trips on the“-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “…V ote for…me…” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.◇What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.4. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·29)… In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.◇Which of the following best explains “dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modern.5. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·26)If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.◇What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.6. (2017全国Ⅲ卷·29) Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.△ What does the underlined word “displaced” in the paragraph mean?A. Tested.B. Separated.C. Forced out.D. Tracked down.推断短语的含义[典型例题]2020年全国Ⅲ卷·26Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part II” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.◇What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.[对点练习]1. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·25)“You can use me as a last resort (选择), andif nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse (长曲棍球) club.I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on…At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”◇What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage teamwork.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.2. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·26) “China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models arethe faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.”Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.◇What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against3. (2016年全国Ⅲ卷·30)There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.△ What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain hope.C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.4. (2015年全国Ⅱ卷·22)My color television has given me nothing but a headache. ...The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn't get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.◇Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Pararaph 1?A. ended all their programsB. provided fewer channelsC. changed to commercialsD. showed all-night movies5. (2014年全国Ⅱ卷·29)One of the latest trends in American childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, Conn., for example, has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zeroto around 4, 000 since 2004. And that's true all across the country.“I thought it would be very useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age,” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year-old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future.” After only six months of being cared for by a 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.◇What does the term “au pair” in the text mean?A. A mother raising her children on her own.B. A child learning a foreign language at home.C. A professor in language education of children.D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.推断句子的含义[典型例题]2018年全国Ⅲ卷·32Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings?The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.◇What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.[对点练习]1. (2017年全国Ⅱ卷·33) Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked…Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.◇What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.2. (北京卷) When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend. He was in despair (失望)and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry laterif we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other.◇What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of us.B. We were unwilling to tear ourselves awayfrom London.C. Our unpleasant feeling about London disappeared.D. We parted with each other in London.3. (北京卷) So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw (吸管),” architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That's what we're all struggling with.”◇What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean?A. The problem is not approached step by step.B. The researches so far have faults in themselves.C. The problem is too difficult for researchers todetect.D. Research in this area is not enough to makegeneralized patterns.。
2020五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题

五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一,也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查,还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外,在阅读理解文章中,总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围,但又没有附加注释,也需要考生猜测,这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表2017年2016年2015年全国卷Ⅰ2(代词that;短语the watercatcher)1(单词courier) 1(单词contributions)全国卷Ⅱ2(代词that;句子the tables areturned)2(单词downside;代词it)1(短语signed off)全国卷Ⅲ1(单词displaced)2(代词them;短语 apipe dream)/近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定,每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过2道。
但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大,试题难度稍有增加。
例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中,有部分超纲单词(如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释,另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。
这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词汇表内,又未加注释,这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题,还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义,这样才能透彻地理解文章,完成阅读理解任务。
词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面:生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。
常见的设问形式主要有以下几种:What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean?What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...?Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...?无论是直接的词义猜测题,还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词,我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。
2020年高考英语之高频考点解密十五 阅读理解之词义猜测题附解析

解密15 阅读理解之词义猜测题词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息,结合中学生应有的常识和经验,正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组,通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。
用"逻辑关系梳理法"、"递向寻踪法"理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】1. The underlined word "…"in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that "…"in the first(second…) paragraph, the au thor means that ______.3. In paragraph …, "…"can be replaced by "______".4. The meaning of "…"in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph pro bably means that _____.对此类试题,考生应该进行大胆猜测,但这种猜测不是胡乱的,盲目的,而是有一定的方法和技巧。
下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
一、相似法:利用同义词、近义词(词组)或相似的结构猜测词义。
2020年高考英语专题复习练习-猜词义讲解

2020年高考英语专题复习第四讲词义猜测题——上下文中求答案词句猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新意,还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
除了直接的命题外,在阅读理解的文章中,常常有一些单词或短语超出了考试大纲,但又没有附加注释,也需要考生猜测词义才能准确理解文章,这是词义猜测题的一种简单命题形式。
明考纲,懂考查方式和考查角度[考纲解读](1)正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步,也是理解文章的基础。
(2)英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思,其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同,能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义,才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
(3)阅读文章时,常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词,但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来,这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。
[考查特点]Ⅰ.把握词句猜测题常见的命题方式(1)The phrase “...” in the sentence could be replaced by ________.(2)The word “...” in the paragraph refers to ______.(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the ... paragraph?/What does the underlined word mean?(4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”?(5)The word “...” most nearly means ________.(6)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that ________.Ⅱ.掌握词句猜测题的考查角度(1)猜测生词或熟词生义;(2)猜测短语的意义;(3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it, one, they, this, that, these, those等);(4)猜测句意。
2020高考英语阅读猜词类模拟预测题组训练

专题四猜测词义A组基础闯关题组Passage 1(2019河南天一大联考Ⅴ,D) 词数:307 Even the biggest and brightest dream can lose radiance(光辉)in the face of self-doubt. Where does self-doubt come from?It results from fear. After all, if you’re quite confident of your ability to accomplish something you care deeply about, then you won’t have doubt. However, without some degree of fear to overcome, confidence can never truly be built. It’s a classic chicken-and-egg problem. Confidence comes from, in large part, the experience of overcoming scary things and moving past fear.Self-doubt grows larger when we forget, even momentarily, the purpose behind what we are doing. When our purpose is conspicuous, self-doubt will still be there, but it will be kept in its place.When you receive a vaccine(疫苗), you are injected with a weak strain of a virus, to support the development of resistance to something much more severe that you might meet down the road. Similarly, self-doubt is a process by which you can see opportunities for failure ahead of time, but also the possibilities of facing and defeating it. Self-doubt prepares you against the things that might ruin you later on.Have you ever noticed that when you doubt yourself, you automatically think of all the little things you need to do to accomplish your goal?You become cautious and careful. Doubt promotes a rundown of your mental checklist to ensure that everything is taken care of. It produces a greater sense caring about what you are doing and the skills you can apply to get the job done.Self-doubt is a necessary part of personal growth and achievements. Without it, we would make all sorts of unforced errors during the course of achieving our goals. The choice we have, however, is to approach the barrier of self-doubt as an opportunity for learning, reflection and improvement, and not as a dream killer.1.What is confidence mainly based on?A.Defeating fear.B.Powerful skills.C.Great determination.D.Making wise choices.2.The underlined word“conspicuous”in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by“”.A.randomB.ambiguousC.urgentD.evident3.How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?A.By listing examples.B.By making comparisons.C.By making classifications.D.By analyzing cause and effect.4.What can be the best title for the text?A.The Effects of Self-doubtB.The Origins of Self-doubtC.The Benefits of Self-doubtD.Different Attitudes to Self-doubt答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文。
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2019英语考研阅读中猜词题解题分析与练习
来源:文都教育
考研界流传着这样的一句话:“得阅读者得考研英语”。2019考
研的小伙伴们对于英语的复习已经进入攻坚阶段,大家对于阅读模块
的复习是否已经做到胸有成竹?考研阅读有六大题型,其中猜词题主
要考查大家对于词汇和句子的特定语境含义的理解。今天,文都教育
的英语老师带领大家再次回顾阅读中猜词题的解题技巧,希望能够帮
助大家对于暑期的学习做进一步的巩固。
1、题型特点
猜词题主要考查所考词汇或句子在上下文语境中的特殊含义,需
要大家结合原文进行理解。而所考词汇有的是大纲词汇,还有的可能
是超纲词汇或句子,因此,大家在做猜词题时务必做到结合上下文进
行理解,并注意词汇的引申含义。
2、易出题处
1)同义关系处:并列或递进关系往往表示同义,因此,命题老
师往往在and, indeed, just as, also, besides等表示并列关系处
进行出题。
2)标点符号处:标点符号暗示语义关系,例如破折号、冒号或
括号表示同义解释说明。
3)转折让步处:命题老师在出题时除了爱在同义关系处设题外,
还喜欢在转折让步关系处进行设题,因此,大家要对所猜词附近的转
折让步词足够敏感。
3、题干特点
1)考查某个单词意思或某个词组意思的猜词题:
The word “mania” (line 4, paragraph 2) most probably means
______.(2007)
The word “bummer” (line 5, paragraph 5) most probably
means something _____. (2006)
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2)猜测某个句子含义的猜词题:
By saying “these figures are conservative” (line 3,
paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that_______. (2006)
What does the author mean by “most people are literally
having a ZZZ” (line 2, paragraph 5)? (2004)
4、解题技巧
做猜词题时,大家要谨记一个原则:词本无义,义由境生。
因此,大家在做题时要注意以下三点:
1)字面意思一定不是正确选项;
2)是否能与文中上下文进行同义替换;
3)搜索代入,看是否通顺、合理。
5、练习
2006, text 3
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of
misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections
and died young. In the West, before mass communication and
literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which
reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that
they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did
not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
37. The word “bummer” (line 5, paragraph 5) most probably
means something ________.
A religious B unpleasant C entertaining D
commercial
参考答案:B
注意:本题干扰选项是A选项,大家在做题时一定要认真分析句
与句之间的逻辑关系,不要一叶障目。
以上是文都教育的英语老师为大家总结的猜词题的解题分析,希
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望大家能够在真题中不断加强练习,巩固做题技巧及做题思路,最终
在今年的考研中能够一战成功!