计算机专业英语A

河南机电高等专科学校《计算机专业英语》课程试卷2012－2013学年第一学期适用班级：计应用11（3+2）出卷时间：2012年12月1日考试方式：开卷考试时间：100分钟课程性质：考查试卷类型： A所在系部：计科系教研室：计信管题号一二三四五总分得分得分评卷人一、Translate the following paragraph to Chinese（共20分）Input and output (I/O) devices allow the computer to communicate with the user and the outside world. The CPU (central processing unit) executes programs ("software") which tell the computer what to do.The two principal characteristics of a computer are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows:Personal computer: A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor. In addition to the microprocessor, a personal computer has a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for displaying information, and a storage device for saving data.Workstation : A powerful, single-user computer. A workstationis like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting from tens to hundreds of users simultaneously.The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate. It resulted in smaller, cheaper, and more powerful, efficient and reliable devices.输入和输出（我/澳）设备使计算机与用户和外面的世界。

中央处理器（中央处理单元）执行程序（“软件”），告诉计算机做什么。

两家主要特征的计算机是：它响应特定的指令集的一个明确界定的方式。

它可以执行一个预先录制的指示清单（程序）。

计算机通常可以按大小和权力如下：个人计算机：小，单用户计算机的微处理器。

除了微处理器，个人电脑，输入数据的键盘，显示信息的监视器，和存储数据的存储装置。

工作站：一个强大的，单用户计算机。

工作站就像一台个人电脑，但它有一个更强大的微处理器和一个更高质量的监测。

小型：一个多用户的计算机能够支持从数十至数百个用户同时。

电脑的发展史中经常提到参考不同世代的计算设备。

每一代电脑的特点是主要的技术发展，从根本上改变了方式计算机经营。

它导致更小，更便宜，更强大，有效和可靠的设备。

得分评卷人二、Translate the following paragraph to Chinese（共20分）A computer accepts data that are provided by means of an input device. Peripherals used to transfer data from the outside worldinto a computer system are called Input devices.Input devices let users enter commands or data into the computer. Most familiar is the keyboard. Information typed at the keyboard is manipulated by the computer program to perform a specific action or to enter text into a document. The mouse is another input device based on either a rolling mechanical ball or some optical device in its base, and usually two buttons on top.Other input devices include joysticks and trackballs. For clinical applications, input devices can also include various sensors that enable monitoring of pressure, temperature, or gas concentration. Speech input to the computer will become commonplace once the voice recognition algorithms make fewer errors and do not require training by the speaker.计算机接受数据，提供了手段，输入装置。

外围设备用来传输数据从外界进入电脑系统被称为输入设备。

输入设备让用户输入命令或数据输入计算机。

最常见的是键盘。

信息输入的键盘操作的计算机程序来执行特定的动作或输入文字到一个文件。

鼠标是另一种输入设备的基础上要么滚动机械球或光学装置在其基础，通常顶部按钮。

其他输入设备包括操纵杆和轨迹球。

在临床应用中，输入装置还可以包括各种传感器，使监测温度，压力，或气体的浓度。

语音输入计算机将成为司空见惯一旦语音识别算法少犯错误，不需要培训的扬声器。

得分评卷人三、Translate the following paragraph to Chinese（共20分）Computers are known for having different kinds of “architectures”. Machines that have closed architecture are manufactured in such a way that users cannot easily add new devices. Most microcomputers have open architecture. They allowusers to expand their system by providing slots on the system board. Users can insert optional devices known as expansion cards into these slots. Expansion cards are also called plug-in boards, controller cards, adapter cards, and interface cards.Network adapter cards are used to connect a computer to one or more other computers. This forms a communication network whereby users can share data, programs, and hardware. The network adapter card typically connects the system unit to a cable that connects to the other devices on the network. The network adapter card plugs into a slot inside the system unit.Most computers today have modem cards, also known as internal modems. These cards usually allow distant computers to communicate with one another by converting electronic signals from within the system unit into electronic signals that travel over telephone lines and other types of connections.得分评卷人四、Translate the following paragraph to Chinese（共20分）Memory unit is the internal data storage in a computer. The memory is composed of a large number of individual memory cells, each with a unique number called "address". Each memory cell is made of a set number of binary digits (bits) .Bits can store one of two values:1 or 0. A computer's memory is volatile; its contents are lost when power is turned off.Memory can be thought of as a set of pigeon holes or cells witheach one having a unique address. Each pigeon hole can store 8 bits of data. Older memory chips have 30 pins connecting the memory chip to the computer. It is more typical to have 72 or 128 pins now.A computer contains two types of memory, Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM).RAM is described as volatile memory because the contents of RAM chips can be lost when the computer is turned off or when new data is being written to RAM while other data is being processed. Storage is similar to memory in that both are used to retain information. Storage devices use magnetic or optical means to retain data whereas memory uses an electronic mechanism. Storage devices are non-volatile, which means they do not lose the information they contain when they are powered off. They have greater capacity but are much slower than memory devices.电脑是众所周知的有各种不同的“架构”。