2019-2020学年人教版高中英语选修8创新教案：Unit 5 Section 2
Ⅰ.单词拼写1．What criteria (标准) are used for assessing a student's ability?2．He seized (抓住) her by the arm all of sudden.3．He applied for a patent (专利证书) for a new method of removing paint.4．TV does have lots of advantages, but on the other hand, it makes people passive (被动的) and lazy.5．Their products (产品) are of high quality and are popular with many customers.6．Those tomatoes aren't ripe (熟的) yet. You'd better not eat them.7．The man said that my passport wasn't valid (有效的) and didn't allow me to go abroad.8．They were so much alike that we could hardly distinguish (辨别) one from the other.Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．mercy n．仁慈→merciful adj.仁慈的→merciless adj.无情的2．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地3．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n．方便；便利→conveniently adv.便利地；方便地4．caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的5．expectation n．预料；期待；期望→expect v．预料；期待；期望；认为6．recognize vt.认出→recognition n．认出；认可；承认7．cube n．立方体；立方→cubic adj.立方的8．merry adj.愉快的；高兴的→merrily adv.愉快地；高兴地[巧记单词]Ⅲ.补全短语1．call up给……打电话；使想起2．decide on 决定3．set about 开始；着手4．apply for 申请5．distinguish ... from ... 把……和……区分开6．now and then 偶尔；有时7．in the countryside 在农村/乡下8．get rid of 除掉；摆脱9．pick up 捡起；拿起1．[教材原句]The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我，但看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
[句型点拨] there seems to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。
[佳句赏析] I think the picture is telling us that there always seems to be a difference between one's dream and reality.我认为这幅画告诉我们，一个人的理想和现实之间似乎总是有差距的。
2．[教材原句] Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有获得了认证，你才可以说是一个真正的发明者。
[句型点拨] 当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句且位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
[佳句赏析] Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.只有这样我们才能生活在更舒适和更美丽的环境中。
3．[教材原句] Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.经仔细研究，证明你的产品确实与众不同之后，你才能获得专利。
[句型点拨] neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语：表示前面的否定情况也适用于后面的人或物。
[佳句赏析] He didn't finish his homework and neither did I.他没有完成家庭作业，我也没有完成。
1．When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.(P20) 我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。
★call up给……打电话；使……想起①He called me up last night, telling me that our boss objected to our plan.他昨天晚上给我打电话，告诉我老板反对我们的计划。
②The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood.大海的气息勾起了她对童年的回忆。
call back 召唤某人回来；再访；回电话call for 需要，要求，接(人或物)call in 邀请；请来call on/upon 拜访(人)；号召call at 拜访(某地)call out 大声地喊；叫出来③The government calls on the youth above 18 to join the army voluntarily.政府号召18岁以上的青年自愿参军入伍。
2．Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree.(P20)蛇时不时地爬到房子附近，似乎是在房子附近离胡桃树不远的地方安家了。
★now and then 偶尔；有时①He raised his objection at the meeting now and then.他时不时地在会上提出反对意见。
②I try to buy myself something now and then.我偶尔会尽量给自己买点东西。
(1)表示“不时，偶尔”的单词、短语sometimes; at times; from time to time; every now and then; every now and again; once in a while; occasionally(2)from now on 现在开始；今后(3)up to now 目前为止③From now on, we will try to do better.从现在开始我们要尽量做得更好。
3．Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful thatwould catch snakes but not harm them. (P20)这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓到，又不会伤害到它们。
★distinguish vi.& vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别(1)⎭⎬⎫distinguish ... from ...distinguish between ... and ...辨别……和……；把……与……区别开 distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同；使自己出名(2)distinguished adj . 卓越的；杰出的be distinguished (＝ famous/well-known) for 以……而著名①In your opinion, what is it that distinguishes her from others?在你看来，是什么使得她与众不同呢？②He has already distinguished himself as an athlete.作为一名运动员他已享有盛名。
③We all know that Yuan Longping is famous (＝distinguished/well-known) for his scientificachievements.我们都知道袁隆平因其科学成就而闻名。
★merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的(1)be merciful to sb. 对某人仁慈(2)mercifully ad v . 仁慈地；宽厚地(3)mercy n . 宽大；宽容；仁慈；怜悯show mercy to 对……表示怜悯；宽恕……have mercy on 宽恕；怜悯at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布；在……支配之下without mercy 毫不留情地；残忍地④We should be merciful to the homeless animals.我们要善待那些无家可归的动物。
⑤You should show mercy to whoever is in trouble.你应当对任何处于困境的人表示怜悯。
⑥They were lost at the sea, at the mercy of the wind and weather.他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。
4．The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but thereonly seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.(P20)我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现在的产品能帮助我，但看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
人教版高中英语选修8《Unit5Meetingyourancestors》教案
人教版高中英语选修8《Unit5Meetingyourancestors》教案人教版高中英语选修8《Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors》教案核心单词1. alternativen.可供选择的事物;(两者或以上)可能的选择adj. 供选择的, 二选一的常用结构：have no alternative but to do sth.只能做某事;除¡¡外别无选择We have no alternative but to go on.除了继续下去,我们别无选择。
There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory.除了战斗到胜利,别无选择。
联想拓展：alternatively adv. 或者，二者择一地alternate vt. 使交替;vi.交替;adj. 交替的;轮流的高手过招：(1)单项填空In this school, the students have three courses, and seven courses. (2010¡¤01¡¤陕西师大附中月考)A. required; alternativeB. requiring; alternativeC. required; alternateD. requiring; alternate解析：选A。
require(尤指根据法规) 规定、需要，此处用过去分词required修饰courses，因为两者之间为被动关系。
后空意思为¡°选择，选其一¡±，alternative符合句意。
(2)单句改错 (原创)①I had no alternative but report him to the police.②You have the alternative to speaking or keeping quiet.③Tom and Harry do the work on alternative days.答案：①report前加to ②to→of③alternative→ alternate2. arrestvt. 逮捕，拘留，吸引(注意)n.[C]逮捕常用结构：be arrested for sth. 因某事而被捕arrest one s attention吸引某人的注意under arrest被捕;被拘留The criminal was arrested yesterday.那名罪犯昨天被捕了。
2019-2020学年人教版高中英语选修8创新教案：Unit 5 Section 4
Ⅰ.Match the following paragraphs with their main ideas.Para. 1A．Lala and her families made preparations for the feast.Para. 2B．The description of Dahu.Para. 3C．How did Dahu make tools?Para. 4D．Lala worried about the preparations for the feast and she hoped the feast could be as good as the one last year.答案：Paras. 1～4DABCⅡ. Choose the best answer according to the text.1．Why did Lala accelerate her walk?A．Because she was very hungry.B．Because she feared her husband would get angry.C．Because she had to prepare for her feast.D．Because she feared there might be wild animals attacking her.2．Lala was happy last year because .A．she was lucky to be chosen by DahuB．she didn't have to prepare for the feastC．her husband loved her very muchD．she was together with her sister and mother3．We can infer from the text that Lala was .A．tired of her lifeB．worried about her lifeC．satisfied with her lifeD．disappointed with her life4．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The marriage life of Lala and Dahu.B．The separate responsibilities of men and women.C．The difference between early life and modern life.D．The preparation work for a feast.答案：1～4DACDⅠ.单词拼写1．My mother is beginning to get wrinkles (皱纹) around her eyes.2．The police managed to arrest (逮捕) the escaped prisoner and sent him back to prison.3．The usual place to feel someone's pulse (脉搏) is on his wrist.4．If you produce a piece of writing without any punctuation(标点符号), it's very difficult to understand.5．Those difficult math problems made me dizzy (困惑的), not knowing how to work them out.6．There are more than 200 children in this kindergarten (幼儿园), most of whom come from the nearby villages.7．In many countries, it is considered rude to spit (吐痰) in public.8．She somehow (不知怎么地) got lost on her way home.9．Your name has been deleted (删除) from the list.Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．system n．系统→systematic adj.有系统的；有计划的2．divide v t.分开→division n．划分3．accelerate v i.& v t.加速→acceleration n．加速4．skill n．技巧→skilful adj.有技巧的；熟练的5．significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant adj.重要的6．applaud v i.& v t.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌7．reception n．接待；欢迎；招待会；接待处→receptionist n．接待员；招待员→receive v t.& v i.收到；接到；接纳；接待[巧记单词]Ⅲ.补全短语1．fed up with受够了；饱受；厌烦2．look ahead 向前看；为将来打算3．date back (to ...) 追溯到；始于4．lie in wait for 隐蔽静候以出人不意5．keep out 阻止……进入6．on behalf of 代表7．refer to 谈到；参考8．break out (战争，疾病，火灾等的)突然发生1．[教材原句]If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!要是她今年早有预见，计划得更好些就好了。
2019学年度高中英语人教版选修八Unit5 Meeting your ancestorsPeriod5Using language教案
2019学年度人教版选修八Unit5 Meeting your ancestorsPeriod5Using language教案I. 单元教学目标II. 目标语言III. 教材分析与教材重组1. 教材分析本单元以 General knowledge of archaeology and Anthropology as well as history 为话题，通过学习周口店洞穴北京人遗址、埃及古墓等古代文明，使学生了解一些考古学及人类发展变迁历史等方面的知识；激发学生热爱人类、热爱历史、热爱考古的兴趣，进而使学生懂得保护文化遗产的重要意义。
通过对一些古文物的识别、鉴定和描述，使学生学会鉴别、描述事物(考古现象) 特征的方法。
1.1 Warming Up 给出了四幅图片，要求学生通过识别、描述古代中国、希腊、埃及的文物，使学生了解古代文明在人类社会发展史上的重大意义.1.2 Pre-Reading 要求学生能从不同侧面比较、描述现代人和北京人的不同之处，为Reading部分的学习做好准备。
1.3 Reading 是一位考古学家和来参观周口店北京人遗址的英格兰学生之间的一段对话。
要求学生通过阅读对话，了解周口店北京人在衣食住行、使用工具上的特点；了解古人类惊人的生活和创造能力。
1.4 Comprehending 共设计了三部分习题。
第一题是Pre-reading的延续。
要求学生在阅读对话后比较其中所介绍的有关知识与自己的猜想之间的差别，第二题要求学生在理解课文的基础上，结合生活实际，写出北京人在居住、使用工具和衣着方面与现代人的三个不同之处；第三题训练学生的概括和写作能力，写出关于周口店考古工作所以历的三个阶段的相关情况，并利用这些信息写一篇关于周口店洞穴的介绍。
1.5 Learning about Language 分词汇和语法两部分。
其中Discovering useful words and expressions 中第一题是要求学运用所给词汇的适当形式填空；第二题要求所给短玉语完成句子。
人教课标版高中英语选修8 Unit5_写作课名师教学设计
Unit5 写作课名师教学设计Book 8 Unit5: Meeting your ancestors 【教材版本与册数】人教版选修8【单元名称】Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors【课时】第5课时【课型】Reading and writing（读写课）1/ 8【本课时教学设计】2/ 83/ 82 获取新知识of ____.A. a girlB. a manC. a girl of the earliest peopleD. a modern girl2) From the first paragraph, we can learn that the family groupslived on _____.A. fishB. cropsC. huntingD. farming3) Lala’s guests came to ____.A. danceB. talk about an important thingC. enjoy a feastD. see Lala4) Dahu went out to sharpen the scrapers to ______.A. kill an enemyB. use them as weaponsC. scrape the fishD. cut stones5) From the text we can infer that family groups _____.A. lived togetherB. lived far awayC. lived in the same caveD. lived separately3. Answer the following questions after reading the text:1) Who works cooperatively and who does tasks alone?2) Who does the most dangerous tasks?3) Where does the danger come from?Step 2 skimmingCCCCDKeys:1)Both men and women workcooperatively. For example, Lala’smother and aunts were preparing themeat of deer and pig over the fire.Men do tasks alone.2)Men do the most dangerous tasks.3)The danger comes from the wildanimals.精读课文，深度理解文章意思。
2019-2020学年人教版高中英语选修8创新PPT课件Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Language Points Ⅰ
创新方案系列丛书
[联想] 表示“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达
形式：
①have no choice but to do
sth.
②can do nothing but do
sth.
高中同步新课标·英语
创新方案系列丛书
2．I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? (P38)
(2)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……
(3)assumption n.
假定，设想
高中同步新课标·英语
创新方案系列丛书
①If you assume that he is innocent, who do you think is the criminal?
如果你认为他无罪，那你觉得罪犯是谁呢？ ② It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 人们普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。 ③ Assuming (assume) (that) it rains this afternoon, what shall we do? 假如今天下午下雨，我们该怎么办？
对不起，打断了你的讲话，请问他们怎么能够住在 这个地方呢？
★interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断 或中止
高中同步新课标·英语
创新方案系列丛书
①Will you stop interrupting me when I'm talking? 当我正在讲话时你能不打断我吗？ (1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.)
2019-2020学年人教版高中英语选修8教案：Unit 5 Section Ⅳ Learning about Language & Using Language
Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language [原文呈现] [读文清障]THE FEAST：18,000 BC①Worried about the preparations for her feast②，Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons③and other fruit. It was the custom of family groups to separate④and then gather again at different sites for reunious as they followed the animal herds across the grasslands⑤. A wrinkle⑥ appeared on her forehead. If only it could be just like last year⑦！At that time she had been so happy when Dahu chose⑧her as the future mother of his children. He was the best toolmaker in the group and it was a great honour⑨for her to be chosen. She remembered the blood pulsing⑩through her veins⑪.She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud⑫his choice⑬. If only she had looked ahead⑭and planned better this year! Then she wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.①BC公元前②形容词短语Worried about ...作原因状语，意为“因担心……”。
人教版高中英语选修8Unit5教案
英语教学案一体化（模块8）Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors第8块第5单元参考答案：重要短语：1. regardless of2.cut up3.look aheade to a conclusion5.be similar to6.now and then7.be prepared to8.by chance9.clear away 10.concentrate on单词拼写：1.division2.preserved3primitive4.analyses5.systematic6.appl auded7.interrupt 8.dizzy9.patient10.sharpening 11.identify 12.tentative判断正误：1. T 2 .T 3.T 4.T5.T 6.T 7.T 8.TThe answers to the careful reading questions:1. He introduced some knowledge of the caves to guests.2. Higher up the hill.3. They found layers of ash.4. They might travel to the seaside on their journey.5. Bones.重难点讲练：Warming up1. had no alternative but to stay at homealternative roadPre-reading2. made a tentative arrangementI can only give a tentative opinion。
My opinion is only tentative.Reading2. He interrupted college to serve in the army.Don’t interrupt me when I am busy.It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking. Go on, I don’t want to interrupt.3. I assume it to be wrong.I assumed the responsibility.She assumed a foreign accent, but I still recognized her.I assume that it is so.He is regardless of his appearance.He went regardless of the risk.4. She is sharpening a pencil.The outline of the trees sharpened as it grew lighter.His voice sharpened as he became impatient.Peter, why not cut up vegetables?Alice was badly cut up by losing the money.The Red Army soon cut up the enemy’s forces.5. We have ample money for the journey.There was ample time to get to the airport.There is an ample basket of fruit on the table.6. The primitive men lived a hard life at that time.They built a primitive shelter out of tree trunks.7. Policemen preserve order in the streets.Salt preserves food from decay.The vase has been preserved intact.8. The money was collected for a specific purpose.He has a specific style in writing.This is a magazine aimed specifically at working women.Learning about language1. a matter of little significancea speech of great significancea look of deep significanceIt is a matter of great significance.2. He somehow got lost.Somehow I don’t like this way.We must get there before ten somehow.Using language1. Everyone applauded when the play ended.I applaud your decision.We applauded him for his bravery.2．Have you looked ahead to what you will be doing in five years? He always looks ahead before doing whatever he’d like to do.3. accelerate the speedHe decided to accelerate his advertising.It is a kind of substance used to accelerate a fire.4. arrive at/reach one’s destinationTokyo is our final destination.It took us a whole day to arrive at the destination. arrest the bleeding of the bloodarrest sb’s eyesThe policeman arrested the thief.The bright colors arrested Susan’s attention.5. The drug gives some relief from pain.To my great relief, I wasn’t late.It’s a great relief to find you here.同步单选答案：1-15 A BCCB, CABAA, ABDCB 16-18ABA语法单选答案1-10ADDBDAADCB。
人教版高中英语选修8教案Unit Five Meeting your ancestors
人教版高中英语选修8教案Unit Five Meeting your ancestorsTopic: General knowledge of archaeology (考古学), anthropology (人类学) as well as history.V ocabulary: alternative非正统的, 不寻常的, 两者择一的; botanical; starvation; tentative试探性的, 试验的,尝试性的,不确定的; accuracy精确性,准确性; interrupt; acute敏锐的, 敏感的, 严重的; assume; regardless; mat席子，垫子; beast野兽; centimeter; sharpen; sharpener; ample足够的；充足的; messy凌乱的, 散乱的, 肮脏的; primitive原始的, 发展水平低的; botany; analysis分析，分解; seashell; ripen使成熟; category类型，部门，种类; significance; somehow; systematic有系统的，有规则的; spit; delete; album; scratch; academy; receptionist接待员; onion; kindergarten; skateboard; yogurt; radioactive; radioactivity放射性; division; melon甜瓜; wrinkle皱纹, 妙计，窍门; pulse; applaud鼓掌欢迎; howl; accelerate加快，加速; spear; arrest; dizzy 头昏眼花的; hammer; gay欢快的; skilful; punctuation标点法, 标点符号; regardless of不管, 不顾; at most; cut up; fed up with受够了, 饱受; look ahead; date back; lie in wait for埋伏以待袭击; on behalf of代表某人; come to a conclusion得出结论;Function:1. 特征(Description of features)It looks like……/ It could be because…… / How large do you think it is? / It may be used as / for ….. / It could be made from…. / Is there any …. On the….? / What do you think it is?2. 建议(Suggestions)I think that we should….because…. /If…., then maybe we ought to…./ What if….?It seems like that…. / We must ask for help from….Perhaps we should…/ I suggest we….3. 假定(Assumption)It is reasonable to assume that…..Our evidence suggested that…Perhaps there was….It suggests that….We think that…..Grammar: Revise the verb tenses. / Learn the present Perfect Continuous Tense.Australo pith(南方古猿)Homohabilis(能人)Homoerectus(直立猿人)Neandertal(旧石器时代尼安法特人)Homo sapiens(智人)First location found Hadar,EthiopiaOlduvaiGorge,TanzaniaZhoukoudian,Beijing,ChinaNeandarValleyGermanySingha,SudanAppear ed (approx imate) 5-1.2millionyearsago2.4-1.6millionyearsago2million-36,000 yearsago200,000-36,000 yearsago130,000-90,000 years agoHow the differ from chimps Walk ontwo legsWalk ontwo legsWalk ontwo legsWalk ontwo legsWalk on twolegsBrain size About390-550ccAbout590-690ccAbout800-1250ccAbout 1500ccAbout 1350 ccOther Madetools Lived ingroups,movedaround,madetools, firstto use fireBurieddead, mademany stonetools, livedin groupsCommunicated, educated,lived IcommunitiesPeriod One Warming up, Pre-reading, reading and comprehending Knowledge and skills:1) To know the meanings of the following new words and phrases. alternative非正统的, 不寻常的, 两者择一的; botanical; starvation; tentative试探性的, 试验的,尝试性的,不确定的; accuracy精确性,准确性; interrupt; acute敏锐的, 敏感的, 严重的; assume; regardless; mat席子，垫子; beast野兽; centimeter; sharpen; sharpener; ample足够的；充足的; messy凌乱的, 散乱的, 肮脏的; primitive原始的, 发展水平低的; botany; analysis分析，分解; seashell; ripen使成熟; category类型，部门，种类; significance; somehow; systematic有系统的，有规则的; spit; delete; album; scratch; academy; receptionist接待员; onion; kindergarten; skateboard; yogurt; radioactive; radioactivity放射性; division; melon甜瓜; wrinkle皱纹, 妙计，窍门; pulse; applaud鼓掌欢迎; howl; accelerate加快，加速; spear; arrest; dizzy头昏眼花的; hammer; gay欢快的; skilful; punctuation标点法, 标点符号; regardless of不管, 不顾; at most; cut up; fed up with受够了, 饱受; look ahead; date back; lie in wait for埋伏以待袭击; on behalf of代表某人; come to a conclusion得出结论;2) To learn something about the Zhoukoudian Caves.3) To develop students’ reading ability by reading the passage.4) To develop students’ speaking ability by talking about archaeological finds and the life of early people.Teaching important and difficult points:1) To enable the students to learn about the life that early people livedand to develop their reading ability.2) To enable the students to describe an archaeological object.Step 1 Warming up1) Warming up by looking and talking: look at the pictures and discuss what it is and how much they know about it.○1 A household object from Greece. It is an oil lamp that was used to give light at night. It was possibly used for parties, housework or study. Oliver oil was placed in the body of the lamp inside the lamp, and when it was lit it provided light.○2 A musical instrument: it was played when a person hit the bronze or brass (黄铜) bells. Different notes could be made by making the bells larger or smaller. People composed music to be played in a large house, temple or palace.○3 A stone tool: it was made of jade stone which is hard and very beautiful. It has a sharp edge so it could be used to break other pieces of stones. The hole on the top of the tool shows where it was joined to a wooden handle, so it could be used like an axe today.○4 A face of an Egyptian Pharaoh (埃及法老) [færəʊ] : it is a maskwhich was placed over the pharaoh’s face after he died. Sometimes they were also buried with the dead pharaoh. They were made of gold and decorated in beautiful colors. It shows that the pharaoh expected his objects to have the best of material and workmanship.2) Warming up by reading a short passageWhat is archaeology?Archaeology is the study of ancient civilizations by scientific analysis of physical remains found in the ground. But unlike history, it often has to deal with civilizations that have no written records. So it is the job of archaeologists to try to find out as much as they can about the life and times of long dead people by looking at the places where they lived, what they wore, what tools they used and how they buried the dead.The study of archaeology is not just the study of objects. There are very important of course. But what is equally important for understanding how people lives are:Where were the objects found? Where were they found with other similar objects or alone? What state were they in? What were they made of? So to get most information about the site and the people who lived there, an excavation has to be organized in a very systematic and formal way. By excavating (挖掘) a site, archaeologists have destroyed the evidence. So writing and drawing everything in the place where it was found is extremely important.Step 2 Pre-reading1. Show them some pictures fort hem to speak and discuss.2. Try a tentative guess about what Peking Man might have done and used thousands of years ago.1) Places for living: ____________.2) Furniture: ___________.3) Entertainment: _____________.4) Food: ____________.5) Clothing: ___________.Step 3 Reading and comprehending1. Fast reading: Read the text A Visit to the Zhoukoudian Caves and do some exercises:1) The main idea of the text is about the ______ of our earliest people in Zhoukoudian Caves.A. life and habitsB. food and clothingC. homes and fishingD. farming and hunting2) Through the conversation, everything about our earliest people is mentioned EXCEPT ____.A. homesB. toolsC. dressD. entertainment3) Our earliest people in Zhoukoudian Caves kept themselves warm by ______.A. workingB. fightingC. making firesD. hunting4) Evidence has shown that the earliest people in the Caves used _____ to make clothes according to the conversation.A. leavesB. tree skinsC. animal skinsD. cotton5) From the conversation we can infer that the earliest people in the Caves were very ______.A. busy and richB. idle and lazyC. clever and hard-workingD. stupid and cruel6) What is the right order for the earliest people to prepare their clothes?a. Cut the skin.b. Sewed the pieces of skin togetherc. Rubbed salt onto the skin to make it softd. Remove the fat and meat from the skine. Cut up animals and removed their skinA. cdebaB. edcabC. cbdaeD. eabcd7) The primitive necklace found in the cave shows that ______.A. our ancestors made ornaments and sold them for moneyB. our ancestors valued necklaces more than other ornamentsC. the earliest people had already cared about their appearanceD. the earliest people had already mastered the advanced skills of making ornaments.8) We can infer from the passage that people living in the Zhoukoudian caves ____A. didn’t live mainly on cropsB. didn’t know how to trade with othersC. burnt what they could find outside the cavesD. kept the ash in order to keep the cave warm2. Read the passage again and find out the three topics that the archaeologist talked about.Topic one: ________________________________________________. Topic two: ________________________________________________. Topic three: _______________________________________________.3. According to the text, we can infer that ____________.A. there was a large lake around the Zhoukoudian Caves.B. the early people didn’t know how to catch or eat fish.C. the early people didn’t care about their appearance at all.D. the early people wore nothing but some leaves.4. 根据课文内容填空:Some of the earliest peoplelived in ______.ide Evidence ConclusionHow could they live there? Human and animalsbonesTools and ______They lived in caves.How did they keep warm? Fireplaces in thecenter of the caves. They used fire to _____, cook the food and scares wild animals away.________. They kept the fireburning all winter. No doors. They hung keep outthe enemies.What _____ were there? Bones of tigers andbears Tigers and bears were their most dangerous enemies.How did they make clothes? _____ made ofanimal bones.They used _____stone tools to cut upanimals and removetheir skin.They used _____ toremove the fat andmeat from the skin.They rubbed anample amount of saltonto the skin to_______.What did they use to make ornaments? Animal bones and_______.Perhaps there wastrade between earlypeople or theytraveled to theseaside.Step 4 Language study1. interrupt sb / sth打搅某人/某事, 打断;I hope I’m not interrupting you.When we were talking, he often interrupted the conversation.In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly _______.A. interruptionB. intervalC. lengthD. distance2. sb. think / suppose / consider / believe / feel it (is) + adj / n + to do sth He might think it (is) polite to return the visit.他或许认为回访是礼貌的.He considered it (is) our duty to look after the old man.I feel it (is) impossible to finish the work in a single day.3. assume假定, 假想, 假装, 担任, 承担;We assume him to be innocent before hearing the evidence against him. The winner of the election assumed the office of senator.选举获胜者担任了参议院的职位.4. regardless of: 不管, 不顾, 不考虑; make an assumption做假设; assuming假设的, 假定的; in spite of = despite尽管; because of = on account of由于; by means of用某种方式, 借助于某事物; in front of 在….前面; in honor of为纪念; in danger of处于…危险中;I’ll take the job regardless of the pay.He says what he thinks, regardless of other people’s feelings.He climbed the tower regardless of the fact that it’s dangerous. Assuming that the story is true, what should we do?This is an assumed result._______ the weather, the press conference will still be held on time.A. Instead ofB. In relation toC. Regardless ofD. On behalf of5. 情态动词+ have done的用法: would / could / may / should / ought to / need have done过去本会/ 本能做/ 本可以/ 本应该/ 理应/ 本需要做, 但实际上没有做; 注意其后的否定形式用not. Must have done过去一定; can’t / couldn’t have done过去一定没有;It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.Mary can’t have stolen your money. She has gone home.The door was locked. He could not have been at home.He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. How I regret the time I should have studied but I wasted in woods.He ought not to / shouldn’t have thrown the old clothes away.I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn’t have done so. The weather was hot.6. keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事; keep sb. away from sb. / sth 使某人或某物远离某人或某物; keep in touch with sb与….保持联系; keep on doing sth继续做某事; keep off远离, 避开; keep sb up使某人熬夜;7. as well多放在句末; too多数情况下放在句末，有时放在句中; also 多放在主要动词的前面或系动词be的后面, 有时也可以放在其他位置.My sister likes swimming, and I do as well.He realized that she was also a teacher.His name is known all over the world as well in Japan.----Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.----Well. He ______ have gone far---his coat’s still here.A. shouldn’tB. mustn’tC. can’tD. wouldn’t8. sharpen使变尖锐, 使急剧;His speech sharpened the differences between the two men.The walk has sharpened my appetite. 散步增进了我的食欲.9. cut up切碎, 摧毁, 粉粹, 使悲伤; cut across走捷径, 抄近路; cut down砍到, 削减; cut out剪下, 删除, 戒掉; cut in / into插嘴, 干涉, 插入; cut short突然停止, 缩短; cut off切断, 隔绝, 孤立; cut through穿越, 克服; cut back急忙返回, 削减;Our army cut up the enemy’s forces. 我军粉碎了敌军的武装部队.He was hardly cut up by the news of his father’s death.10. –en是后缀: 使变为, 使变得: darken, deepen, harden, weaken,ripen, soften, hearten, broaden, strengthen. 附在物质名词后构成形容词, 表示“由…..制作的” wooden, woolen, golden.11. in the final / last analysis归根结底, 总之;You must make a detailed analysis of the report.The coach tried to analysis the cause of our defeat.12. as引导非限定性定语从句既可以放在句子之前, 也可以放在句子之后, 用来修饰整个句子. 类似的结构有: as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect等.As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. He made a long speech, as we expected.Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.______ was expected, he broke his promise once more, ______ left his friend down.A.It, whichB. As, whichC. It, asD. Which, which13. significance有意义的, 意味深长的, 重要的, 显著的; attach significance to sth重视;What is the significance of the speech you made?The new discovery of oil is of great significance to this area’s economy. The manager’s working relationship with these people contributes ______ to the smooth functioning of the hotel.A. significantlyB. importantlyC. seriouslyD. desperately14. somehow = somehow or other 以某种方式, 通过某种途径, 不知怎么的; someway = somehow以某种方式, 不知怎么的; anyhow = anyway无论如何, 尽管, 即使这样; somewhat稍微, 有点儿; Somehow or other we became good friends.We must find money for the rent somehow or other.Somehow, I don’t feel I can trust you.I couldn’t believe her anyhow / anyway. 我无论如何也不相信他.It may not work, but I’ll have a try anyhow.这可能行不通, 但我无论如何都要试一试.He looked somewhat annoyed. 他看来有几分困的样子.15. alternative可能选择的have no alternative but to do = have no alternative to do but do = have no choice but to do = could do nothing but do, there is no alternative but to do, have no alternative to doing除做某事外没有其他的办法;I had no alternative / choice but to send him to police. = I have no alternative to sending him to the police. = I have nothing to / could do nothing but send him to police. 除了把他交给警察, 我别无选择.The way was blocked, so we had to go by an alternative road.这条路堵了, 所以我们只好走其他的路.16. due到期的, 到期应付的, 约定的, 预定要达到或发生的;The bill is due. 这张票据已到期.Our grateful thanks are due to you. 我们衷心感谢你.When is the train due? 火车什么时候到？We should pay due attention to this problem.我们应对这个问题给与适当的关注.because of因为, 由于, 在句子中作状语，放在句首或句末; owing to 在句子中作状语; due to其引导的短语在句子中一般作表语或定语; on account of引导的短语在句中做状语; thanks to幸亏, 由于, 可表达正面意义, 也可带有讽刺意义;Why these things happened was ______ the driver had been careless. A. because of B. owing to C. due to D. that17. feed up感到厌烦; be fed up with受够了, 饱受, 厌烦; be bored with / be tired of对….感到厌烦;He is fed up with reading. = He is tired of / bored with reading.I am fed up with her deskmate.Fed up with being told (厌烦了被告知) what he could do and what he couldn’t do, Jim decided to move out of his parents’ house. (feed; tell)补充练习:1) We can’t _____ whether a child is clever or stupid from his / her points in an examination, which many parents haven’t realized.A. conductB. resultC. confirmD. conclude2) Farmers will have an abundant harvest, _____that the weather isfavorable.A. pretendingB. assumingC. thinkingD. believing3) He was in hospital for 6 months. He felt as if he was _____ from the outside world.A. cut outB. cut offC. cut upD. cut through4) The only thing he ____ in the world is money. He thinks nothing else is more important than it.A. come aboutB. cares aboutC. finds outD. looks after5) We are always warned not to act _____ what will happen afterwards.A. in the event ofB. as a result ofC. regardless ofD. in spite of6) As is known to all having common sense, early ______ of a disease can prevent death.A. editionB. imaginationC. identificationD. starvation7) The captain told the sailor to _____ their spirits when they were on the point of giving up.A. keep upB. pick upC. take onD. go on8) We have made a(n) ______offer, we shall make it clear as soon as possible.A. attentiveB. certainC. determinedD. tentative9) The university has launched a research center to develop new ways of ______ bacteria which have become resistant to drug treatment.A. disturbingB. breakingC. interruptingD. combating (减少, 消除)10) It is impossible to say with any degree of _____ how many are affected when the most serious earthquake in this century broke out.A. realityB. accuracy (准确)C. correctionD. emergency11) Everyone agreed that the physical text was difficult, but Jack managed to pass it _____.A. anyhowB. anywayC. somewhatD. somehow12) This event not only raised _____ of world hunger, but also raised lots of money to help starving children.A. awarenessB. informationC. conscienceD. knowledge13) I’m _____ working overtime every week and wish I had an ordinary nine-to five job.A. fed up withB. tired withC. bored ofD. fed with14) A dictionary of the English language, complied by Dr. Samuel Johnson, was the first real attempt as a _____ written survey of English usage.A. theoreticalB. pessimisticC. systematicD. optimistic15) The tension that exists among nations could certainly be lessoned if misunderstanding and mistrust were _______.A. cancelledB. deletedC. removedD. collapsed16) Many teens don’t get through sleep because they have too much homework, which ______ them up at night.A. makesB. staysC. turnsD. keeps17) On Sunday he denied all knowledge of it, but on the ______ day he’d admitted to me that he knew all abut it.A. previousB. formerC. originalD. primitive18) The kitchen’s always so _____ after we’ve had guests. Give me a hand to do it over, will you?A. confusedB. messyC. complicatedD. unpleasant19) If you’re going to the library would you mind returning this book for me? It’s ______ today.A. dueB. owingC. lateD. passing20) The police are trying to find out the _____ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A. evidenceB. recognitionC. statusD. identity21) Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have _____ one-year-old twins at the head.A. isolatedB. separatedC. dividedD. removed22) What is the most memorable thing in your life and what do you _____ as your biggest defeat?A. look atB. look forC. look aroundD. look on23) The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and _____ him of speed.A. chargedB. accusedC. arrestedD. suspected24) One book on the universe with fascinating cover _____ his attention, and he bought it without any hesitation.A. fixedB. paidC. arrestedD. put25) Whether the school sports meeting will be held ______ the weather tomorrow.A. lives onB. feeds onC. depends onD. insists on26) Do you know that the first textbooks written for teaching English asa foreign language _____ in the 16th century.A. came upB. came alongC. came outD. came about27) ______ both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region.A. Only ifB. UnlessC. If onlyD. As long as28) Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A. senseB. viewC. meansD. idea29) As is well known, peasants often use special chemicals to ______ the growth of crops so that they can harvest earlier.A. accommodate (提供膳宿)B. increaseC. celebrateD. accelerate (加快, 促进)30) The schoolmaster _____ the girl’s bravery in his opening speech given on Monday in front of all the teachers and students.A. applaudedB. enhanced (提高)C. elevated (举起)D. clapped31) When food supply were ____ that winter, the sick and wounded soldiers managed to survive on wild herbs.A. cut awayB. cut downC. cut offD. cut up32) My calculations were based on the _____ that house prices would remain steady.A. theoryB. assumptionC. procedureD. regulation33) There are certain occasions when you must _____ people who are in the middle of doing something.A. interruptB. forbidC. forgiveD. object34) By _____ the parts of the sentence we learn more about English grammar.A. assumingB. assessing (评估)C. evaluatingD. analyzing35) They are trying their best to make a new drug, called Naolingtong, to _____ tiredness.A. keepB. arrestC. accelerate (促进)D. scrape (刮擦)36) I’ve been learning Japanese, and I find that Chinese _____ greatly from Japanese in pronunciation.A. rangesB. differsC. changesD. shifts37) China’s main objective is to develop, strengthening the nation and gradually raising the ______ of living.A. standardB. criteriaC. restrictionD. description38) In the dense (稠密的) world of a tropical forest, it is more important to see well than to develop a(n) ______ sense of smell.A. vigorous (精力充沛的)B. activeC. acute (敏锐的)D. aware39) His temper and personality show that he can become a soldier of the top ____.A. circleB. rankC. categoryD. variety40) Although he had looked through all the reference materials on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point, that is to say, it still made him ______.A. amusedB. messyC. faintD. dizzy (Suggested answers: DBBBC CADDB DAACC DABAD BDBCC CAADA CBADB BACBD)Step 5 Listening, reading aloud and understandingAsk students to read the text to the tape and let them pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.Step 6 Studying the style of the textKeys for reference: This reading passage is written in the form of questions and answers. It is similar to an interview, but the questions follow an earlier question, which is different from an interview. It is also different from other styles of writing which use continuous prose.Step 7 DiscussionGet students to discuss the questioning techniques that the archaeologist uses in the passage.Keys for reference:All the archaeologists will never say “I know this”. Instead they will be tentative (试探性的) in their descriptions of life in the past.Step 8 HomeworkLearn the useful new words and expressions in this period by heart. Find information about an archaeological (考古学的) object and try to introduce it to the classmates next period.Reflection after teaching:The second period Grammar: Revise the Verb Tenses(Mainly Dealing with the Present Perfect Continuous Tense) Knowledge and skills:1. To let the students learn the use of the present perfect continuous tense.2. To enable the students to use the present perfect continuous tense correctly and properly.Emotion, attitude and value1. To get the students to become interested in grammar learning2. To develop students’ ability of comparing and summarizing Teaching and difficult points:1. To get the students to master the structure of the present perfect continuous tense and how it is used.2. To enable the students to learn the use the present perfect continuous tense.Step 1 Revision1. Check the homework exercises.2. Dictate some new words and expressions.Step 2 Warming upSome examples:We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick…Well, we’ve been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the cave…Ann is very tired. She has been working very hard.He has been calling on her several times this week.We have been having a lot of rain recently.Step 3 Grammar learning一．现在完成进行时的构成: 出动词(have / has) not + been + V-ing; The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.I have been telling him to study hard.二. 现在完成进行时的用法1. 表示从过去某时开始的动作一直延续到说话时还在继续进行, 并有可能延续下去的动作, 常和for, since引导的时间状语连用.They have been living here for 10 years.It has been raining for 3 days.2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始, 一直延续到说话时候刚结束.I have been waiting you for about one hour.She has been working all night long.3. 表示重复(只是断断续续, 而非一直不停).We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year.I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.4. 表示一个过去的动作对现在的影响或造成的结果, 相当于现在完成时He has been doing too much work.Who’s been insulting you?注意:1. 有些表示状态, 感情, 感觉的动词, 如: have, exist, like, hate, hear, know, sound等不能用于现在完成进行时, 但可以用于现在完成时I have known him for years.2. 有些动词, 如: live, learn, play, rain, snow, stand, study, teach, work, wait等, 如果强调动作延续时间的长久或带有感情色彩时, 用现在完成进行式比现在完成时更好一些.We have been living here for nearly 30 years.Miss Li has always been studying hard.语法延伸: 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较1. 现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成, 或者在过去曾经发生过的动作; 现在完成进行时往往表示仍将继续下去的动作.I have written an article.I have been writing an article.They have built a ship.They have been building a ship.2. 当现在完成进行式表示刚刚结束时, 现在完成时强调动作的结果, 现在完成进行时则强调动作在不久以前持续进行的情景.Now we have cleaned the room; we can move the things in.----You look so tired. What have you been doing?----I’ve been playing football.3. 现在完成进行式往往表示动作在重复, 现在完成时则常常不带重复性.Have you been meeting her lately?你老是遇到她吗? (含有经常相会的意思)Have you met her lately? 你最近遇到过她吗? (该句如与often, every day等时间状语连用, 当然也表示动作在重复)语法练习:1) No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ______ you wishing they were that night.A. getting rid ofB. getting along withC. looking up toD. looking down upon2) Tom was about to close the window _____ his attention was caught bya bird.A. whenB. ifC. andD. till3) Mark _____ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t4) This special school accepts all disabled students, _____ educated level and background.A. according toB. regardless ofC. in addition toD. in terms of5) As there is less and less coal and oil. Scientists are exploring new ways of making use of ______ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.A. primaryB. alternativeC. instantD. unique6) Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair (名利场) ______ all day. Could you speak to her now?A. phonesB. has phonedC. has been phoningD. phoned7) But for their help, we _____ the program in time.A. can’t finishB. won’t finishC. hadn’t finishedD. couldn’t have finished8) ----Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening?----Excellent! Ales and Andy performed _____ and they won the first prize.A. skillfullyB. commonlyC. willinglyD. nervously9) _____ you eat the correct foods _____ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. Only if, will youB. Only if, you willC. Unless, will youD. Unless, you will10) I’m certain David’s told you his business troubles. ______, it’s no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank.A. HoweverB. AnywayC. ThereforeD. Though(Suggested answers: CAABB CDAAB)Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given in the brackets.1) I wonder why Jenny ______ (not write) to us recently. We should have heard from her by now.2) I _____ letters this morning and _____ six so far. (write)3) ----Hi, Tracy, you look tired.----I’m tired. I _____ the living room all day. (paint)。
2019-2020学年人教版高中英语选修8创新教案：Unit 1 Section 5
[技法指导]1．确定描写对象：★如果是名山大川，那么描写的重点是其形、色、态等自然风光方面的特点；★如果是名胜古迹，那么描写的重点应该是其古迹、社会价值等方面的特点；★如果是一个城市，那就要重点介绍这个地方的地理位置、人口、交通状况、气候条件、旅游景点等内容。
2．确定描写顺序：根据所描写的对象，确定适合的描写顺序。
比如名川大山可以按照由近及远或由远及近，由高到低或由低到高等顺序进行描写；名胜古迹可以按照游览的顺序对其进行说明；介绍一个城市，则可以按照地理位置、人口、气候等顺序展开介绍。
3．确定时态：描写地理位置、自然风光等时多用一般现在时，介绍历史情况时用过去时。
4．另外，描写时要主次分明、详略得当。
黄金表达1．位置(Location)①... is located in ...②... lies near/in front of/by the side of/between/among/...③... stands at the foot of/on the top of/...2．人口(Population)④... has a(n)．.. population of ...⑤... is a(n) ... country, with a population of ...3．面积(Area)⑥... has/covers an area of ...4．历史和文化(History and culture)⑦... has a history of ... years.⑧... is a leading cultural center with ...⑨Built in ..., the building has witnessed many comings and goings in history.5．名胜(Places of interest)⑩... is one of the most well-known places of interest in the world.⑪... is the biggest city in ..., which has many tourist attractions, such as ...[写作规范][题目要求]假如你是一名导游，你负责接待一个来自英国的旅游团，请你用英语向他们简要介绍一下长城。
高中英语人教版选修八教案Unit 5单元教案(word版)
Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorsWarming Up, Pre-reading and ReadingTeaching goals 教学目标1.Target language 目标语言：重点词汇和短语archaeology, tentative, accuracy, excavate, interrupt, ornament, assume, regardless, sharpen, cut up, scrape, ample, primitive, preserve, bead, botany, botanical, analysis, specific, seashell, specifically重点句子I’m sorry to interrupt you, but how could they live here?We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick, which suggest that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have been specifically showing us, all the fields around there used to be part of a large shallow lake.2.Ability goals 能力目标Enable the Ss to tell the differences between modern people and Peking man and learn how Peking man lived their lives.3.Learning ability goals 学能目标Help the Ss learn to tell the differences between modern people and Peking man and learn how Peking man lived their lives.Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点Talk about Peking man in Zhoukoudian Caves.Teaching methods 教学方法Listening, reading and discussionTeaching aids 教具准备A computer and a projector, a recorderTeaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方法Step I Revision and Lead-inCheck the homework.The Ss will how their information about Zhoukoudian Caves in the following steps.Step II Lead in1.Ask the Ss to identify the picture in the pre-reading part. (skullcap)2.Ask Ss to assume what Peking man might have done and use thousands of years ago.3.Then by showing the table following to show whether their assumptions are right or wrong.Modern people Peking man Accuracy Places of living Modern architecture, which is Caves Very accuratehuge, like boxes with flatroofs, sharp corners and glasswallsFurniture Beautiful furniture with lots Natural furniture Accurateof ornaments mostly made of made of stone orwood or other special woodmaterialsEntertainment Watching TV, surfing the Enjoy the nature or InaccurateInternet and traveling family get-togetherFood A good variety of cooked Natural food, such as Accuratefood, which tastes delicious nuts and fruitsClothing Clothes made form special Clothes made from Accuratematerial, such as cotton and animal skinswoodStep III Reading1.Play the tape once, and ask the Ss what they have learned about Zhoukoudian Caves2.Skimming (What is the text about? And three stages of the archaeologist’s part of the dialogue:An archeologist is showing a group of students from England around the Zhoukoudian Caves and telling them something about the caves.)3.Scanning (Ask them to write down the three ways in which the life of early people differs frommodern ones. Ask them to work in pairs and discuss the questions.Homes: Peking man lived in Zhoukoudian Caves of rocks and trees.Tools: They used needle that was made of bone sharpened stone tools and scraper made by stones. Dress: They wore clothes form animal skins and they also wore necklace made from seashells or animal teeth.4.Careful readingLet the Ss read the passage again and answer the following questions.Show the questions on the Screen.1.How did the keep warm?2.What animals were their most dangerous enemies?3.How did they make clothes?4.What can we learn from the necklace they wore?Step IV Post-readingAsk Ss to fill in the chart on the life and habits of Peking man on page 37 and compare it with the list they made in the pre-reading. What differences are there?And then to clarify Ss’ difficult points in the text.Step V Homework1.Go over the text.2.Write a brief introduction to the Zhoukoudian Cave.Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorsVocabulary and Useful ExpressionsAims:Teaching aims 教学目标1.Ability aims 能力目标Enable the students to use the Present Perfect Continuous tense.2.Learning ability aims 学能目标Help the students learn how to use the Present Perfect Continuous tense.Content 教学内容1.identify vt. 确认，识别，鉴别（1）~ sb. /sth. as sb./ sth.确认，证明某人/某物系某人/某物e.g. She identified the man as her attacker.（2）~ sth. with sth.认为某事物与另一事物等同e.g. One can’t ~ happiness with wealth.扩展：identification n. identification card 身份证2.alternative adj. 供选择的，其他的e.g. The way was blocked ,so we had to go by ~ road.这条路阻塞，我们只能走其他路。