药学专业英语词汇-词根词缀
专业英语词汇词素（词根）1. haplo,mono,uni ：单，一，独haploid 单倍体monoxide一氧化碳monoatomic单原子的2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du :：二，双，两，偶biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌dikaryon 双核体twin ：孪生dual 双重的3. tri :三，丙triangle三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra：四quadrilateral四边的quadrivalent四价的quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管tetracycline四环素5. pent,penta,quique五pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple 五倍的pentose 戊糖pentomer五邻粒6. hex,hexa,sex 六hexose已糖hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲hexamer六聚体7. hepta,sept 七heptane 庚烷heptose 庚糖heptoglobin七珠蛋白8. oct八octpus 章鱼octagon八角形octane 辛烷octase 辛糖9. enne,nona九nonapeptide 九肽enneahedron 九面体10. deca,deka 十:decapod 十足目动物decahedron 十面体decagram 十克11. hecto, 百hectometer百米hectoliter百升hectowatt 百瓦12. kilo,千kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿kilobase 千碱基kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特13. deci,十分之一，分decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克14. centi,百分之一15. milli,千分之一，毫millimole 毫摩（尔）milliliter 毫升16. micro,百万分之一，微，微小，微量microgram微克microogranism微生物microecology 微生态学micropipet微量移液器17. nano十亿分之一，毫微，纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米18. demi,hemi,semi半demibariel 半桶hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque半透明semi-allel 半等位基因semi-conductor半导体19. holo 全，整体，完全holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein全蛋白holocrine全（质分）泌20. mega巨大，兆，百万megaspore大孢子，megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte巨核细胞megavolt兆伏megalopolitan特大城市21. macro 大，巨大，多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素macromolecular大分子22. poly,multi,mult 多，复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polymerase 聚合酶multichain多链的multinucleate 多核的multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy多拷贝1 chrom颜色chromophore生色团chromosome染色体chromatography色谱法2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl叶黄素xanthous黄色的，黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤flavin黄素flavone黄酮letein 黄体素，叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5 chloro,chlor绿，氯chlorophyll叶绿素chloride氯化物chloramphenicol氯霉素6 cyan,cyano 蓝，青紫色，氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲cyanobacteria蓝细菌cyanide氰化物7 aur,glid,chrys金色aureomycin金霉素chrysose 金藻淀粉chrysanthemum菊花glidstone 金沙石glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb无色，白色leucine亮氨酸leukaemia=leucosis白血病bleaching powder漂白粉albomycin白霉素四表示方位和程度的词素1 endo,ento,内，在内endocrine内分泌endocytosis胞吞作用endogamy近亲繁殖endolysin内溶素entoderm内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外，外面，表面ectoblast外胚层ectoparasite 外寄生生物extract 抽取，浸出3 meso 中，中间mesosphere 中圈，中层mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内，向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用intracellular（细）胞内的interurban城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心，中央，中间centrifuge离心centriole 中心粒centrosome 中心体centrogeng着丝基因6 epi,peri 上，外，旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子epibranchial上鳃的perilune近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下，低，小suborder 亚目submucosa粘膜下层subclone亚克隆subcellular亚细胞subsection小节，分部8 super,supra 上，高，超superconductor超导体superfluid 超流体superoxide 超氧化物supramolecular超分子的9 hyper 超过，过多hypersensitive 过敏的hyperelastic 超弹性的hypertension 高血压hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo下，低，次hypoglycaemia 低血糖hypotension低血压hypophysis脑下垂体11 iso 等，相同，同iso-osmotic等渗的isopod等足目动物isotope同位素12 oligo，olig少，低，寡，狭oligohaline 狭盐性oligogene寡基因oligomer寡聚体oligophagous寡食性oligarchy寡头***13 eury 多，宽，广eurythermal 广温的euryhaline广盐性eurytopic species广幅种14 ultr 超ultra-acoustics 超声学ultra-structure超微结构ultroviolet紫外线15 infra 下，低，远infralittoral 潮下带，远岸的infrahuman类人生物infrared红外线的infrastructure基础结构，基本结构五表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1 cephal,capit,cran 头，头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo,肉，肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血5 soma,corp 体，身体6 some,plast 体，颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝heparin 肝素hepatopancreas肝胰腺hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾adrnal肾上腺的nephridia肾管nephron肾单位9 card,cord 心cardiotoxin 心脏毒素cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogram心电图concord一致，和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼ophthalmology眼科学ophthalmia眼炎ophthalmologist眼科专家11 branchi 鳃filibranch丝鳃lamellibrnch瓣鳃sencondary branchium次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕，手臂brachiolaria 短腕幼虫brachionectin臂粘连蛋白bracelet手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿dentin牙质odontphora 齿舌odontoblast成牙质细胞14 plum羽plumatus 羽状的plumule绒毛plumage （鸟的）羽毛15 foli,foil 叶follicle滤泡foiling叶形foliage 叶子foliose 多叶的药名常用词首ace- 乙（酰基）acet- 醋；醋酸；乙酸acetamido- 乙酰胺基acetenyl- 乙炔基acetoxy- 醋酸基；乙酰氧基acetyl- 乙酰（基）aetio- 初allo- 别allyl- 烯丙（基）；CH2=CH-CH2- amido- 酰胺（基）amino- 氨基amyl- ①淀粉②戊（基）amylo- 淀粉andr- 雄andro- 雄anilino- 苯胺基anisoyl- 茴香酰；甲氧苯酰anti- 抗apo- 阿朴；去水aryl- 芳（香）基aspartyl- 门冬氨酰auri- 金（基）；（三价）金基aza- 氮（杂）azido- 叠氮azo- 偶氮basi- 碱baso- 碱benxoyl- 苯酰；苯甲酰benzyl- 苄（基）；苯甲酰bi- 二；双；重biphenyl- 联苯基biphenylyl- 联苯基bis- 双；二bor- 硼boro- 硼bromo- 溴butenyl- 丁烯基（有1、2、3位三种）butoxyl- 丁氧基butyl- 丁基butyryl- 丁酰caprinoyl- 癸酰caproyl- 己酰calc- 钙calci- 钙calco- 钙capryl- 癸酰capryloyl- 辛酰caprylyl- 辛酰cef- 头孢（头孢菌素族抗生素词首）chlor- ①氯②绿chloro- ①氯②绿ciclo- 环cis- 顺clo- 氯crypto- 隐cycl- 环cyclo- 环de- 去；脱dec- 十；癸deca- 十；癸dehydro- 去氢；去水demethoxy- 去甲氧（基）demethyl- 去甲（基）deoxy- 去氧des- 去；脱desmethyl- 去甲（基）desoxy- 去氧dex- 右旋dextro- 右旋di- 二diamino- 二氨基diazo- 重氮dihydro- 二氢；双氢endo- 桥epi- 表；差向epoxy- 环氧erythro- 红；赤estr- 雌ethinyl- 乙炔（基）ethoxyl- 乙氧（基）ethyl- 乙基etio- 初eu- 优fluor- ①氟②荧光fluoro- ①氟②荧光formyl- 甲酰（基）guanyl- 脒基hepta- 七；庚hetero- 杂hexa- 六；己homo- 高(比原化合物多一个-CH2-)hypo- 次io- 碘indo- 碘iso- 异keto- 酮laevo- 左旋leuco- 白levo- 左旋mercapto- 巯基meso- ①不旋；内消旋②中（间）③中（位）（蒽环的9、10位）meta- ①间（有机系统用名）②偏（无机酸用）methoxy- 甲氧基methyl- 甲基mono- 一；单neo- 新nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九；壬nor- 去甲；降；正nov- 新novo- 新oct- 八；辛octa- 八；辛octo- 八；辛ortho- ①邻（位）②正③原oxalo- 草oxo- 氧[代]oxy- ①氧②羟基（误称，但常用）para- ①对（位）②副（俗名）penta- 五；戊per- ①高②过phen- 苯pheno- 苯phenoxy- 苯氧（基）phenyl- 苯基phospho- 磷；磷酸phosphor- 磷；磷酸phosphoro- 磷；磷酸phyllo- 叶poly- 多；聚propyl- 丙基proto- 原pseudo- 假；伪；拟ribosyl- 核糖基sec- ①另（指CH3CH2CH(CH3)-型烃基②semi- 半silico- 硅strept- 链strepto- 链sulf- 硫sulfa- 磺胺（磺胺类药物词头）sulfo- ①硫[代]②磺基sulph- 硫[代]sulpho- ①硫[代]②磺基tert- ①特（指CH3…C(CH3)2-型烃基）②叔tetra- 四thio- 硫trans- 反（式）；转tri- 三undeca- 十一valyl- 缬氨酰（基）vinyl- 乙烯基xantho- 黄色药名常用词尾-al 醛-aldehyde 醛-amide 酰胺-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷-ase 酶-ate ①盐②酯-azide 叠氮；-N3-caine 卡因（局部麻醉药词尾）-carbonyl 羰基-carboxamide 甲酰胺-carboxylic acid 羧酸-cidin 杀……菌素-cillin 青霉素；西林（青霉素族抗生素词尾）-cycline 四环素（四环素族抗生素词尾）-diol ①二醇②二酚-dione 二酮-disulfide 二硫（化物）-ene 烯-enol 烯醇-ester 酯-flavine 黄素-form 仿（俗名词尾）-genin 甙元（旧称配基）-hydrin 醇-ine 碱；素（生物碱词尾）-lactone 内酯-lysin 溶素（俗名词尾）-micin 霉素（抗生素词尾）-mycetin 霉素；菌素（抗生素词尾）-mycin 霉素（抗生素词尾）-nitrile 腈-ol ①醇②酚-olol 心安（心安类药物词尾）-one 酮-ose 糖-oside 糖甙-oxide 氧；氧化物-oyl 酰-quine 奎（俗名尾词）-sporin 孢菌素（抗生素词尾）-sullide 硫（化物）-sulfone 砜-sulfoxide 亚砜-thioic acid 硫代酸-thione 硫酮-thione 硫酮-toxin 毒-triol 三醇-tropin 托品（俗名尾词）-urea 脲-xanthin 黄质-yl 基（一价基）-yne 炔。
医学英语词根词缀表
医学英语词根词缀表a 前缀无ab 前缀从...离开acantho 词根棘，刺acetabulo 词根髋臼acouo 词根听觉acro 词根顶，肢acromio 词根肩峰ad 前缀向...靠近，到...上adeno 词根腺adipo 词根脂肪的adreno 词根肾上腺aero 词根气agglutino 词根凝集agra 后缀严重的疼痛albo 前缀白algesi 词根痛觉的感受algia 后缀痛alveolo 词根肺泡alveolo 词根牙槽amnio 词根羊膜amphi 前缀两侧ampullo 词根壶腹amylo 词根淀粉an 前缀无ana 前缀向上，重回到andro 词根雄aneurysmo 词根异常扩大angino 词根阻塞ano 词根肛门ante 前缀在前anti 前缀抗aorto 词根主动脉apico 词根顶apo 前缀离去，从appendico 词根阑尾appendo 词根阑尾aquo 词根水arterio 词根动脉arteriolo 词根小动脉arthro 词根关节articulo 词根关节ase 后缀酶astro 词根星atelo 词根不完全的，有缺陷的athero 词根脂肪堆积atrio 词根腔audio 词根听觉auro 词根耳auro 词根金auto 前缀自axio 词根轴balano 词根龟头bary 前缀重、压baso 词根碱bi 前缀双，倍bili 词根胆汁blast 后缀母细胞blepharo 词根睑brachy 词根短bronchio 词根支气管bronchiolo 词根细支气管broncho 词根支气管bucco 词根颊bulbo 词根球部burso 词根滑液囊caco 词根坏calcaneo 词根跟骨calci 词根钙capillo 词根非常小的血管capnia 后缀二氧化碳carcino 词根癌carcinoma 后缀癌cardio 词根心carpo 词根腕cata 前缀向下cautero 词根燃烧ceco 词根盲肠cele 后缀突出、积水celio 词根腹cemento 词根牙骨质centesis 后缀穿刺术centi 前缀百分之一cerebello 词根小脑cerebro 词根大脑cerumino 词根耵聍cervico 词根颈cervico 词根颈，宫颈cheilo 词根唇chemo 词根化学chlorhydro 词根盐酸chloro 前缀绿chole 词根胆汁cholecysto 词根胆囊choledocho 词根总胆管chondro 词根软骨chorio 词根绒膜chromo 词根颜色cineo 词根活动circum 前缀环行clasis 后缀破裂clast 后缀破坏用器械claviculo 词根锁骨cleisis 后缀关闭clysis 后缀洗co 前缀与...在一起cocco 词根球菌coccygo 词根尾骨cochleo 词根耳蜗collo 词根胶colo 词根结肠colpo 词根阴道conjunctivo 词根结膜contra 前缀反，对抗coreo 词根瞳孔，虹膜corneo 词根角，角膜corono 词根冠costo 词根肋cranio 词根颅骨crine 后缀分泌cryo 词根冷crypto 词根隐藏culdo 词根囊袋、窝cuti 词根皮肤cyano 前缀蓝cyclo 词根环cyeso 词根妊娠cysto 词根膀胱，囊cyte 后缀细胞dacryo 词根眼泪dactylo 词根指头de 前缀去denti 词根牙齿dentino 词根牙本质dermato 词根皮肤dermo 词根皮肤di 前缀双，倍dia 前缀通过diaphoro 词根汗diaphragmato 词根膈diaphragmo 词根膈diplo 前缀双，倍dipso 词根渴dis 前缀离开duodeno 词根十二指肠dys 前缀坏，痛，困难ectasia 后缀扩张ectasis 后缀扩张ecto 前缀外ectomy 后缀切除术ego 前缀我embryo 词根胚胎emeo 词根呕吐emia 后缀血的状况emia 后缀血emphraxis 后缀梗阻en 前缀内encephalo 词根脑endo 前缀内部entero 词根小肠epi 前缀外，上epididymo 词根附睾epiglotto 词根会厌episio 词根外阴ergo 词根工作，能力erythro 前缀红esophago 词根食道esthesio 词根感觉eu 前缀好，正常eustachio 词根咽骨管ex 前缀在外，离开exo 前缀在...之外extra 前缀在外，超过fasciculo 词根束fascio 词根筋膜febri 词根发热feca 词根粪便femoro 词根股骨fero 词根传递，输送ferro 词根铁fibrino 词根纤维素fibro 词根纤维fibro 词根纤维fibulo 词根腓骨fistulo 词根瘘folliculo 词根小腔，囊galacto 词根乳gameto 词根配子ganglio 词根神经节gangliono 词根神经节gastro 词根胃genito 词根生殖器gero 词根年龄geronto 词根年龄geusia 后缀味gingivo 词根牙龈glauco 前缀灰绿glio 词根胶质，粘globo 词根球glomerulo 词根小球glosso 词根舌gluco 词根糖glyco 词根糖gnatho 词根颌gnosis 后缀知识gonado 词根性腺gono 词根生殖器gram 后缀记录granulo 词根结节graph 后缀记录graphy 后缀记录gravido 词根妊娠gyneco 词根女性halo 词根盐haplo 前缀单hebe 前缀青年hecto 前缀百helcosis 后缀溃疡形成hemato 词根血hemi 前缀半hemo 词根血hepato 词根肝hernio 词根疝hidro 词根汗histo 词根组织holo 词根整个humero 词根肱骨hyalo 词根透明的hydro 词根水hyper 前缀超过，高hypno 词根睡眠hypo 前缀低hystero 词根子宫ia 后缀状况iatrics 后缀愈合iatry 后缀愈合ictero 词根黄疸idio 词根自己ileo 词根回肠ilio 词根髂骨immuno 词根免疫in 前缀在内in 前缀不in 后缀素incudo 词根砧骨infra 前缀在下ino 词根纤维inter 前缀在...之间intra 前缀在内iono 词根离子ionto 词根离子irido 词根虹膜iro 词根虹膜ischio 词根坐骨ism 后缀状况iso 词根异，相等ist 后缀者itis 后缀炎ium 后缀部分jejuno 词根空肠kal 词根钾karyo 词根核kerato 词根角质，硬kerato 词根角膜kilo 前缀千kinesia 后缀移动kleisis 后缀关闭klepto 词根偷窃kypho 词根驼背labio 词根唇labyrintho 词根迷路lacrimo 词根眼泪，泪小管lalia 后缀言语lamino 词根椎板laparo 词根腹壁laryngo 词根喉leuko 前缀白linguo 词根舌lipo 词根脂肪lithiasis 后缀结石litho 词根石lobo 词根叶logist 后缀学者logy 后缀学科lordo 词根弯曲luco 词根光，透明lumbo 词根腰lympho 词根淋巴lysis 后缀溶解malacia 后缀软化malleo 词根锤骨mammo 词根乳房mandibulo 词根下颌骨mania 后缀极端、强制、偏见masto 词根乳房maxillo 词根上颌骨mediastino 词根纵隔megalo 词根大melano 前缀黑meningio 词根脑膜meningo 词根脑膜meno 词根月经mento 词根颏mento 词根精神、心理mero 词根部分mesentero 词根肠系膜meso 词根中间的meta 前缀超过，在后metacarpo 词根掌骨metatarso 词根柘骨meter 后缀测量工具metro 词根子宫metry 后缀测量micro 词根微milli 前缀千分之一mono 前缀单muco 词根粘液multi 前缀多musculo 词根肌肉muto 词根变化，突变myco 词根真菌myelino 词根髓myelo 词根脊髓，骨髓myo 词根肌肉myoso 词根肌肉myringo 词根耳鼓narco 词根麻木naso 词根鼻natri 词根钠necro 词根死亡neo 词根新nephro 词根肾neuro 词根神经nigro 前缀黑nodo 词根结nucleo 词根核obstetrico 词根产科occluso 词根牙（牙合）oculo 词根眼odonto 词根牙齿odynia 后缀痛oid 后缀象...样的olecrano 词根肘oligo 词根少oma 后缀瘤omento 词根网膜omphalo 词根脐onco 词根肿瘤，块onycho 词根甲，甲床ooo 词根卵子oophoro 词根卵巢ophthalmo 词根眼opia 后缀视觉or 后缀器具，者orchido 词根睾丸orexi 词根食欲oro 词根口orrhagia 后缀大量流出orrhaphy 后缀缝合术orrhea 后缀流出、分泌orrhexis 后缀破裂ortho 词根直的osis 后缀病理状况osteo 词根骨ostomy 后缀造口或吻合oto 词根耳ous 后缀含...的，分泌...的ovario 词根卵巢ovo 词根卵子oxo 词根氧oxy 词根氧palato 词根腭pallio 词根减轻palpebro 词根睑pancreato 词根胰腺papillo 词根乳头状突起par(t)o 词根娩出para 前缀旁，异parasympathetico 词根副交感parasympathico 词根副交感parasympatho 词根副交感parathyroido 词根甲状旁腺patello 词根髌骨pathy 后缀病理状况pelvo 词根骨盆penia 后缀不足peno 词根阴茎pento 前缀五pepsi 词根消化pepti 词根消化per 前缀通过peri 前缀周围perineo 词根会阴peritoneo 词根腹膜pexy 后缀固定phaco 词根晶体phago 词根吞噬phalango 词根指骨phallo 词根阴茎pharmaco 词根药pharyngo 词根咽pharyngo 词根咽philo 词根嗜phlebo 词根静脉phobia 后缀害怕photo 词根光，透明phrenia 后缀精神、心理phrenico 词根膈神经phreno 词根膈phylaxis 后缀保卫physis 后缀生长pilo 词根毛发pinealo 词根松果体plasia 后缀形成plasm 后缀形成的东西plasmo 词根浆plasty 后缀成形plegia 后缀麻痹pleuro 词根胸膜pnea 后缀呼吸pneumo 词根气，肺pneumono 词根气，肺podo 词根足poiesis 后缀产生polio 前缀灰白poly 前缀多polypo 词根息肉post 前缀在后pre 前缀在前pro 前缀在后procto 词根肛门和直肠pros 前缀到，靠近，附上prostato 词根前列腺prostho 词根假牙，义肢pseudo 词根假psycho 词根精神、心理ptosis 后缀下垂ptyalo 词根唾液ptyo 词根唾液pubio 词根耻骨pubo 词根耻骨pulmo 词根肺pulmono 词根肺pupillo 词根瞳孔pyelo 词根肾盂pyloro 词根幽门pyo 词根脓pyro 词根热quadri 前缀四quarto 前缀四rachio 词根脊柱radico 词根根治radio 词根桡骨radio 词根放射ramo 词根分支recto 词根直肠reno 词根肾reticulo 词根网retino 词根视网膜retro 词根向后rhino 词根鼻roentgeno 词根X线rub 前缀红saccharo 词根糖sacculo 词根小囊sacro 词根骶骨saliva 词根唾液salpingo 词根管salpingo 词根管，输卵管sarco 词根肉sarco 词根肉瘤sarcoma 后缀肉瘤scapulo 词根肩胛schesis 后缀抑制排出schizo 词根分裂schizo 词根分裂sclero 词根巩膜sclerosis 后缀硬化scolio 词根弯曲scope 后缀镜scopy 后缀镜检查scroto 词根阴囊sebo 词根油脂seco 词根切semi 前缀半semino 词根精子septo 词根腐败sero 词根血清sialadeno 词根唾液腺sialo 词根唾液sidero 词根铁sigmoido 词根乙状结肠silico 词根硅sino 词根窦somato 词根体somni 词根睡眠sono 词根声sopori 词根沉睡spasmo 词根痉挛spermato 词根精子spermo 词根精子sphinctero 词根括约肌sphygmo 词根脉搏spiro 词根呼吸splanchno 词根内脏spleno 词根脾spondylo 词根椎骨stapedo 词根镫骨staphylo 词根束stasis 后缀制止、停止stasis 后缀停止steato 词根脂肪stenosis 后缀狭窄stereo 词根立体sterno 词根胸骨stero 词根固stetho 词根胸stomato 词根口sub 前缀在下submaxillo 词根下颌骨succo 词根分泌sudoro 词根汗super 前缀在上supra 前缀高于surgery 后缀外科surgico 词根外科sympathetico 词根交感sympathico 词根交感sympatho 词根交感syn 前缀合成syndesmo 词根韧带synovio 词根滑液tacho 词根快速talo 词根踝，距骨tarso 词根踝，跗骨taxis 后缀排列tel 词根远的tele 词根远的tendino 词根腱tendo 词根腱teno 词根腱terato 词根畸胎testo 词根睾丸tetra 前缀四thalamo 词根丘脑therapy 后缀治疗thio 词根硫thoraco 词根胸thrombo 词根凝thymo 词根胸腺thyro 词根甲状腺thyroido 词根甲状腺tibio 词根胫骨toco 词根出生，分娩tome 后缀切开器具tomy 后缀切开术tono 词根紧张度tono 词根紧张tonsillo 词根扁桃体topo 词根地方toxico 词根毒toxo 词根毒trachelo 词根子宫颈tracheo 词根气管trans 前缀通过，穿过tri 前缀三tricho 词根毛发triplo 前缀三tripsy 后缀压碎tropin 后缀激素tubulo 词根小管tumo 词根肿瘤，肿胀tussi 词根咳嗽tympano 词根鼓室ulno 词根尺骨ultra 前缀超umbilico 词根脐unguo 词根甲，爪uni 前缀单uretero 词根输尿管urethro 词根尿道uria 后缀尿uro 词根尿utero 词根子宫utriculo 词根小囊uvulo 词根悬雍垂vagino 词根阴道vago 词根迷走神经valvo 词根瓣varico 词根扭曲的静脉vaso 词根血管vaso 词根输精管veno 词根静脉ventriculo 词根脑室ventro 词根腹侧venulo 词根小静脉verruco 词根疣vertebro 词根椎骨vesico 词根膀胱vesiculo 词根精囊vestibulo 词根中耳的中部viro 词根病毒vito 词根生命vulvo 词根外阴xantho 前缀黄zoo 词根生物。
医学词根词缀
医学词根词缀1.acu-针，尖锐（needle）acupuncture 针刺疗法2.an-否定前缀(without,upward) anallergic 非过敏性的3.ant(i)-反抗，反对（against，rival）antibody抗体4.arthr(o)- 关节（joint）arthropathy关节病5.arteri(o)-动脉（artery）arteriovenous动静脉；动静脉的6.angi(o)-血管（blood vessel）angiogenesis血管再生术7.abdomin(o)-腹部(abdomen, belly) abdominaglia腹痛8.adren(o)- 肾上腺(adrenal) adrenalin肾上腺素9.abort(o)-流产( misbirth) aborticide堕胎；堕胎药10.aug- 增加(increase)augmentation增进；展开；扩张；加重11.angi(o)-血管（blood vessel）angiogenesis血管再生术12.aort(o)-主动脉瓣(aortic vaives) aortography 主动脉X光摄影术13.atri(o)- 心房(auricle) atrial心房的14.appendico- 附件（appendix） appendicostomy阑尾造口术15.anaphylact(o)-过敏（allergy）anaphylactogen过敏原16. –ache疼痛（pain；ache；hurt）stomachache胃痛，腹痛B1. bacteri (o)-细菌的（bacteria）bacteriology细菌学2. bio-生物学的（biological）bioactive生物活性3. bronch(i)-支气管（bronchus）bronchitis支气管炎4. brady-缓慢，迟钝(slow) bradypnea呼吸过慢3. gest(o)- 妊娠 (bear, carry young) gestation怀孕；怀孕期；受孕4. gene-基因；基因的（gene）genetherapy基因疗法5. gastr(o)- 胃，腹侧(stomach) gastroscop y胃镜检查法6. ger-年龄(age) geriatrist老年病专家7.-gen原，剂（agent，dose）-oxygen氧气,8.-gram图，像(to write,to mark) bronchogram支气管造影照片9.-graphy书写，记录，记录法（to mark,write）photography摄影H1. hypo-低的（under, less）hypotension低血压2. hyper-高的（above, across,excessive）hypertension高血压3. hepat(o)- (liver) 肝hepatitis肝炎4. hipp(o)- 马；海马（horse）hippocampal adj.海马的5. hem(o)- / haem(o)-（blood）血haemolytic溶血的；溶血6. humor(o)-房水（aqueous fluid）aqueous humor房水I1. immun(o)- 免疫（protection,safe) immunology免疫学2. iatr(o)-医学的 (medicine) iatrology医学,治疗学3. intra-在……内(within) intravenous静脉内的4. in-否定，与…相反（not）incomplete不完全的5. intestin(o)- 肠的(intestine)intestinotoxin肠毒素6. ion-离子（ion）ionization离子化7. -in素 (agent )penicillin 青霉素8. -itis炎，炎症（inflammation）arthritis关节炎 carditis 心肌炎9. -ics (study,art,science,system)常用于学术用语后面ethics道德学10. -ize表示使成为；表示使…化standardize使标准化；用标准校检L1. leuk/leuc(o)- (white)白色leukocyte白细胞；白血球2. lymph(o)-(lymph) 淋巴 lymphnode淋巴结M1. micro-小（small，microscopic） microbiology微生物学2. meta-变化（metamorphosis，metathesis）metabolism新阵代谢3. ment(o)-精神，心理(mind，spirit)ment-al 精神的，心理的4. meta-变化 (change)metabolism 新陈代谢5. mal- 坏；不良；错误 ( poor) malfunction 功能障碍，机能失常6. metr(o)- 子宫（uterus) metritis子宫炎7. myel(o)- (marrow)脊髓，骨髓myelitis脊髓炎，骨髓炎8. men(o)- 月经，月份 (menstruation,month) menstruate 月经来潮9. matur(o)- (ripe；adult)成熟的maturation 化脓，成熟10. matern(o)- 母的，母体的 (of a mother)maternity产科；产妇的11. multi- 多种，多个（multiple）multitude多数；众多；大量12. mini- 小（small）minimum最小值；最小的13.mammo- 乳房（breast）mammoplasty乳房成形术14.malari-疟疾（malaria；ague）malarial mosquito疟蚊15.morph-形，形体，形态(shape；form) morphology形态学N1. nerv-/neur(o)-神经 (nerve) neuron 神经元2. nucleo-（nucleus）核，核素 nucleolus核仁3. necr(o)-与死亡或尸体、死亡的细胞或组织有关的（necrotic tissue）necromancy死灵术O1. oste(o)- 骨（bone）osteolysis骨质溶解2. oma-肿瘤(tumor) sarc-oma肉瘤3. ov(o)-/ ovari(o)-卵巢(ovary) ovariopathy卵巢病4. onco- 肿瘤、肿胀或肿块（onco）oncology肿瘤学5. oestr(o)-/ estr(o)- 雌性的(female) estrogenic hormone雌激素6. obes(o)- 肥胖(fat) obesitas肥胖，多脂7. obstetr(o/i)-产科( maternity department)obstetrics产科专家8. orth(o)- 直的，正常的（straight）orthobiosis正常生活9.-osis 状态，病态（condition，diseased）10. –oid相似的 (similar)anthropoid似人类的；类猿的11. -(o)logy ...论，...学，...科（the science thestudy of）cytology 细胞学12.-ol醇或酚 alcohol酒精13.-on化合物，基本粒子（chemical compound;elementary particle） electron电子 neuron神经元P1.paed-,ped-儿童（children）pediatrics 儿科学2. pulmo-（pulmonary）与肺有关的pulmonology肺脏学3. pregn(o)- (gamic)孕，妊娠 pregnancy怀孕，怀孕期4. psych(o)- (mental；mind)心理psychiatrist精神病医生5. peri-周围；邻近 (around,surrounding)period 时期，周期6. pancreat(o)-胰（腺）(pancreas) pancreat-itisn. 胰腺炎7.physi(o)- 自然，生理（nature) physiocracy自然疗法physiometry生理功能测试8.phleb(o)-静脉(vein) phlebitis静脉炎9.parasit(o)-寄生物（guest；inquiline）parasitology寄生虫学10.phag(o)-吞噬（engulf）phagocyte吞噬细胞11.poly-多的，多个的，多于一的(many things or types)polyclinics 综合性诊所12.-pathy 患病状态或疾病；无感情13. -puncture穿刺，刺伤 acupuncture针刺疗法14 .-penia减少（deficiency）erythropenia红细胞减少15.-plasty（plastic surgery）整形术，整复术osteoplasty骨成形术R1.re-一再；反复；又（angin）reappear（消失后再次出现）2.recto-（rectum) 直肠rectoscope 直肠镜3.radi(o)-线，射线（ray）radioactive放射性的4.reno- 肾脏（kidney） renal stone肾结石5.-rrhea流出，溢出（spill；overflow）rhinorrhea鼻液溢；流鼻涕S1. ster(o)-,stere(o)- ster(o)-,stere(o)-:固体（solid）steroid 类固醇2. sen-老的 (old) senior 年长的；高级的3. semin(o)-(seed )种子,精液 semin-ation受精4. spec-(look kind)外观,种类,特别specialize专攻,专门研究,专业化5. scler(o)- 硬化（sclerosis；harden）sclerotherapy硬化疗法6. sub-在…之下，在…下面，亚(under) subclavian在锁骨下的 subhealth亚健康subcellular亚细胞的7. -some 体（body）monosome单染色体nanosome侏儒症T1.tars(o)- 跗骨，跗；睑板（ankle) tarsal2.trans-穿、越、超（through）transfer转移3.tox-毒（poison) toxin 毒素4.tachy-速，快速(fast) tachycardia心动过速5.tomo- 切割部分，部分（a cutting part,part）6.tri- 表示“三”之义；三次；三组（three） triangular 三角形7. -therapy疗法(treatment,remedy)chemo-therapy化疗U1. urin(o)- (urine)尿urinology 泌尿学2. ultra- 过度，超，限外（excess；over）ultrasound超声；超声波3. ulcer-溃疡（ulcer）ulceration溃疡V1. vas(o)- 血管 (bloodvessel) vascular 血管的2. vagin(o)- vagina阴道 vaginitis阴道炎3. valvul(o)-瓣，瓣膜(valve) valvular瓣膜的4. ventricul(o)-心室(ventricle) ventricular心室的5. vail-。
医学英语词汇(词根、词缀)
Ⅱ前缀Post—后postpartum 产后De- 去dehydration 脱水Hyper—高hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症Pre—前premature 发生在适当时间之前的Myo- 肌myoglolinemia 肌红蛋白血症Tetra—四tetrachloride 四氯化Re- 重复Replicate 复制Poly- 多Polymerase 聚合酶Deoxy- 脱氧Deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核糖核苷酸Trans—转移Transferase 转移酶di—二Phosphodiester 磷酸二酯Pro- 原proinsulin 胰岛素原Tachy—快Tachycardia 心动过速Lipo- 脂Lipophilic 亲脂的Hydro—水Hydrophilic 亲水的Entero—肠Enterohepatic 肠肝的Ar—非，失常Arrhythmogenic 致心律失常的bi—二Bigeminy 二联律Dis—缺乏Disorientation 定向力缺乏Auto- 自动automaticity 自律性Extra—外extracellular 细胞外的Non—非nontraumatic 非创伤性的Epi—上epigastrium 上腹部的Peri—周围periumbilical 脐周Para—旁paracolic 结肠旁Hemat- 血hematemesis 呕血Intra—内intramural 壁内的Ipsi- 同ipsilateral 同侧的Oro- 口oropharynx 口咽部Hepato- 肝hepatosplenomegaly 肝脾肿大Dys—困难dyspneic 呼吸困难的Brady- 过缓bradycardia 心动过缓Naso- 鼻nasopharygeal 鼻咽的Encephalo- 脑Encephalomenigitis 脑膜脑炎Myo—肌myocarditis 心肌炎Gastro—胃gastroenteritis 胃肠炎Ovi- 卵oviduct 输卵管Endo- 内endometrium 子宫内膜Radio—放射radioimmunoassay 放射免疫测定Nulli- 未nullipara 未产妇a- 无、非amenorrhea 闭经-ectomy 切除术hysterectomy 子宫切除术Bronchi- 支气管bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Neo- 新neoplasm 新生物Lympho—淋巴lymphoma 淋巴瘤Tetra—四tetracycline 四环素Hypo- 低hypogammaglobulinaemia 低γ—球蛋白血症Micro—微microangiopathy 微血管病变Retino- 视网膜retinopathy 视网膜病变后缀—megaly 肿大hepatosplenomegaly 肝脾肿大-centesis 穿刺术thoracentesis 胸腔穿刺术—emia 血症hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症—itis 炎症pancreatitis 胰腺炎-ase 酶Transferase 转移酶-lysis 分解proteolysis 蛋白分解-philic 亲Lipophilic 亲脂的-genic 致arrhythmogenic 致心律失常的-rrhea 溢galactorrhea 溢乳—stasis 稳定homeostasis 体内环境稳定—scopy 镜检查laparoscopy 腹腔镜检查—otomy 切开术colpotomy 阴道穹隆切开术-pathy 病变retinopathy 视网膜病变—ist 者、专家ophthalmologist 眼科医师解剖：解剖学术语前缀含义举例a-an—不，不是，非，没有,少azygos: 不成对的部分,无对偶的部分,单一器an tibacterial：抗生素ante—在…之前，…前的antecubital: 肋前的anti—反抗，治疗的anti bacterial: 抗生素circum—环，周围circum ferential fibers: 环型纤维contra—反抗，逆对contra lateral: 对侧的ec-出,偏离ec ctopic: 异位的endo- 内部的，内在的endoscope: 内窥镜epi—在上，向epi dural: 硬膜的ex- 出，从，来的ex cise: 切除extra—天，…外的extradural：硬膜外的hyper- 过好的,超出平常的hyperlordosis: 过度前凸ermal (pertaining to upon the skin)hypo—不足的，在…下的hypokyphosis: 后凸平足，平背畸形infra-在…下infra laminar：椎板下节inter- 在…之间intercostal：肋间intra—在…之内intradural: 硬膜下ipsi—相同的ipsi lateral: 同侧的mal—病态的,平启的mal union: 骨接合不正medi- 中间的medi al：中间的para- 不正常的，延…的，附近的para esthesia（or paresthesia）：感觉异常peri- 围绕，附近的peri neural: 神经外膜post- 之后，在…后post operative：术后的pre—之前，在…前preoperative:术前准备pseudo—假的pseudoarthrosis(or pseudarthr-osis）：假关节retro—向后，回复retro peritoneal: 腹膜后的semi—半semi lunar：半月型的sub- 之下，在…之下subcutaneous: 皮下的supra—之上supralaminar：椎板上syn—共，合syn ostosis：骨连接trans- 穿过trans peritoneal: 经腹膜常用后缀-algia 疼痛arthralgia: 关节痛—clasis 断,折断osteoclasis: 骨破折-desis 固定( 关节或骨头) arthrodesis：关节固定术关节融合术—ectomy 切除laminectomy：椎板切除术—emia 血anemia：贫血—genesis 形成，起源osteogensis: 骨发生—itis 炎症arthitis: 关节炎—lysis 分解，松解osteolysis：骨吸收，骨质溶解—malacia 软化chrondromalacia: 轻骨软化—oid 类似osteoid：骨样的-oma 肿瘤sarcoma: 肉瘤-otomy 切,截osteotomy：截骨术-paresis 半，部分麻痹hemiparesis：半身麻痹-path(y) 病neuropathy: 神经病肥大—penia 不止，减少osteopenia：骨质减少-plasia 生长,形成hyperplasia：增生,过度增生-plasty 手术修复cranioplasty: 颅骨成形术-scope 检查设备thoracocscope: 胸腔镜—scopy 用设备检查thoracoscopy：胸腔镜检查-stenosis 狭窄的spinal stenosis: 椎管狭窄-tome 切割器械ostetome: 骨力—tomy 切，截osteotomy: 截骨术—trophy 食物，营养hypetrophy: 过度生长常用的前缀第一节表示无，抗，非的前缀一．a—,an-无,非。
药学专业英语词汇-词根词缀
专业英语词汇词素（词根）1. haplo,mono,uni ：单，一，独haploid 单倍体monoxide一氧化碳monoatomic单原子的2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du :：二，双，两，偶biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌dikaryon 双核体twin ：孪生dual 双重的3. tri :三，丙triangle三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra：四quadrilateral四边的quadrivalent四价的quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管tetracycline四环素5. pent,penta,quique五pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple 五倍的pentose 戊糖pentomer五邻粒6. hex,hexa,sex 六hexose已糖hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲hexamer六聚体7. hepta,sept 七heptane 庚烷heptose 庚糖heptoglobin七珠蛋白8. oct八octpus 章鱼octagon八角形octane 辛烷octase 辛糖9. enne,nona九nonapeptide 九肽enneahedron 九面体10. deca,deka 十:decapod 十足目动物decahedron 十面体decagram 十克11. hecto, 百hectometer百米hectoliter百升hectowatt 百瓦12. kilo,千kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿kilobase 千碱基kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特13. deci,十分之一，分decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克14. centi,百分之一15. milli,千分之一，毫millimole 毫摩（尔）milliliter 毫升16. micro,百万分之一，微，微小，微量microgram微克microogranism微生物microecology 微生态学micropipet微量移液器17. nano十亿分之一，毫微，纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米18. demi,hemi,semi半demibariel 半桶hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque半透明semi-allel 半等位基因semi-conductor半导体19. holo 全，整体，完全holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein全蛋白holocrine全（质分）泌20. mega巨大，兆，百万megaspore大孢子，megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte巨核细胞megavolt兆伏megalopolitan特大城市21. macro 大，巨大，多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素macromolecular大分子22. poly,multi,mult 多，复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polymerase 聚合酶multichain多链的multinucleate 多核的multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy多拷贝1 chrom颜色chromophore生色团chromosome染色体chromatography色谱法2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl叶黄素xanthous黄色的，黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤flavin黄素flavone黄酮letein 黄体素，叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5 chloro,chlor绿，氯chlorophyll叶绿素chloride氯化物chloramphenicol氯霉素6 cyan,cyano 蓝，青紫色，氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲cyanobacteria蓝细菌cyanide氰化物7 aur,glid,chrys金色aureomycin金霉素chrysose 金藻淀粉chrysanthemum菊花glidstone 金沙石glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb无色，白色leucine亮氨酸leukaemia=leucosis白血病bleaching powder漂白粉albomycin白霉素四表示方位和程度的词素1 endo,ento,内，在内endocrine内分泌endocytosis胞吞作用endogamy近亲繁殖endolysin内溶素entoderm内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外，外面，表面ectoblast外胚层ectoparasite 外寄生生物extract 抽取，浸出3 meso 中，中间mesosphere 中圈，中层mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内，向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用intracellular（细）胞内的interurban城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心，中央，中间centrifuge离心centriole 中心粒centrosome 中心体centrogeng着丝基因6 epi,peri 上，外，旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子epibranchial上鳃的perilune近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下，低，小suborder 亚目submucosa粘膜下层subclone亚克隆subcellular亚细胞subsection小节，分部8 super,supra 上，高，超superconductor超导体superfluid 超流体superoxide 超氧化物supramolecular超分子的9 hyper 超过，过多hypersensitive 过敏的hyperelastic 超弹性的hypertension 高血压hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo下，低，次hypoglycaemia 低血糖hypotension低血压hypophysis脑下垂体11 iso 等，相同，同iso-osmotic等渗的isopod等足目动物isotope同位素12 oligo，olig少，低，寡，狭oligohaline 狭盐性oligogene寡基因oligomer寡聚体oligophagous寡食性oligarchy寡头***13 eury 多，宽，广eurythermal 广温的euryhaline广盐性eurytopic species广幅种14 ultr 超ultra-acoustics 超声学ultra-structure超微结构ultroviolet紫外线15 infra 下，低，远infralittoral 潮下带，远岸的infrahuman类人生物infrared红外线的infrastructure基础结构，基本结构五表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1 cephal,capit,cran 头，头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo,肉，肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血5 soma,corp 体，身体6 some,plast 体，颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝heparin 肝素hepatopancreas肝胰腺hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾adrnal肾上腺的nephridia肾管nephron肾单位9 card,cord 心cardiotoxin 心脏毒素cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogram心电图concord一致，和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼ophthalmology眼科学ophthalmia眼炎ophthalmologist眼科专家11 branchi 鳃filibranch丝鳃lamellibrnch瓣鳃sencondary branchium次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕，手臂brachiolaria 短腕幼虫brachionectin臂粘连蛋白bracelet手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿dentin牙质odontphora 齿舌odontoblast成牙质细胞14 plum羽plumatus 羽状的plumule绒毛plumage （鸟的）羽毛15 foli,foil 叶follicle滤泡foiling叶形foliage 叶子foliose 多叶的药名常用词首ace- 乙（酰基）acet- 醋；醋酸；乙酸acetamido- 乙酰胺基acetenyl- 乙炔基acetoxy- 醋酸基；乙酰氧基acetyl- 乙酰（基）aetio- 初allo- 别allyl- 烯丙（基）；CH2=CH-CH2- amido- 酰胺（基）amino- 氨基amyl- ①淀粉②戊（基）amylo- 淀粉andr- 雄andro- 雄anilino- 苯胺基anisoyl- 茴香酰；甲氧苯酰anti- 抗apo- 阿朴；去水aryl- 芳（香）基aspartyl- 门冬氨酰auri- 金（基）；（三价）金基aza- 氮（杂）azido- 叠氮azo- 偶氮basi- 碱baso- 碱benxoyl- 苯酰；苯甲酰benzyl- 苄（基）；苯甲酰bi- 二；双；重biphenyl- 联苯基biphenylyl- 联苯基bis- 双；二bor- 硼boro- 硼bromo- 溴butenyl- 丁烯基（有1、2、3位三种）butoxyl- 丁氧基butyl- 丁基butyryl- 丁酰caprinoyl- 癸酰caproyl- 己酰calc- 钙calci- 钙calco- 钙capryl- 癸酰capryloyl- 辛酰caprylyl- 辛酰cef- 头孢（头孢菌素族抗生素词首）chlor- ①氯②绿chloro- ①氯②绿ciclo- 环cis- 顺clo- 氯crypto- 隐cycl- 环cyclo- 环de- 去；脱dec- 十；癸deca- 十；癸dehydro- 去氢；去水demethoxy- 去甲氧（基）demethyl- 去甲（基）deoxy- 去氧des- 去；脱desmethyl- 去甲（基）desoxy- 去氧dex- 右旋dextro- 右旋di- 二diamino- 二氨基diazo- 重氮dihydro- 二氢；双氢endo- 桥epi- 表；差向epoxy- 环氧erythro- 红；赤estr- 雌ethinyl- 乙炔（基）ethoxyl- 乙氧（基）ethyl- 乙基etio- 初eu- 优fluor- ①氟②荧光fluoro- ①氟②荧光formyl- 甲酰（基）guanyl- 脒基hepta- 七；庚hetero- 杂hexa- 六；己homo- 高(比原化合物多一个-CH2-)hypo- 次io- 碘indo- 碘iso- 异keto- 酮laevo- 左旋leuco- 白levo- 左旋mercapto- 巯基meso- ①不旋；内消旋②中（间）③中（位）（蒽环的9、10位）meta- ①间（有机系统用名）②偏（无机酸用）methoxy- 甲氧基methyl- 甲基mono- 一；单neo- 新nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九；壬nor- 去甲；降；正nov- 新novo- 新oct- 八；辛octa- 八；辛octo- 八；辛ortho- ①邻（位）②正③原oxalo- 草oxo- 氧[代]oxy- ①氧②羟基（误称，但常用）para- ①对（位）②副（俗名）penta- 五；戊per- ①高②过phen- 苯pheno- 苯phenoxy- 苯氧（基）phenyl- 苯基phospho- 磷；磷酸phosphor- 磷；磷酸phosphoro- 磷；磷酸phyllo- 叶poly- 多；聚propyl- 丙基proto- 原pseudo- 假；伪；拟ribosyl- 核糖基sec- ①另（指CH3CH2CH(CH3)-型烃基②semi- 半silico- 硅strept- 链strepto- 链sulf- 硫sulfa- 磺胺（磺胺类药物词头）sulfo- ①硫[代]②磺基sulph- 硫[代]sulpho- ①硫[代]②磺基tert- ①特（指CH3…C(CH3)2-型烃基）②叔tetra- 四thio- 硫trans- 反（式）；转tri- 三undeca- 十一valyl- 缬氨酰（基）vinyl- 乙烯基xantho- 黄色药名常用词尾-al 醛-aldehyde 醛-amide 酰胺-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷-ase 酶-ate ①盐②酯-azide 叠氮；-N3-caine 卡因（局部麻醉药词尾）-carbonyl 羰基-carboxamide 甲酰胺-carboxylic acid 羧酸-cidin 杀……菌素-cillin 青霉素；西林（青霉素族抗生素词尾）-cycline 四环素（四环素族抗生素词尾）-diol ①二醇②二酚-dione 二酮-disulfide 二硫（化物）-ene 烯-enol 烯醇-ester 酯-flavine 黄素-form 仿（俗名词尾）-genin 甙元（旧称配基）-hydrin 醇-ine 碱；素（生物碱词尾）-lactone 内酯-lysin 溶素（俗名词尾）-micin 霉素（抗生素词尾）-mycetin 霉素；菌素（抗生素词尾）-mycin 霉素（抗生素词尾）-nitrile 腈-ol ①醇②酚-olol 心安（心安类药物词尾）-one 酮-ose 糖-oside 糖甙-oxide 氧；氧化物-oyl 酰-quine 奎（俗名尾词）-sporin 孢菌素（抗生素词尾）-sullide 硫（化物）-sulfone 砜-sulfoxide 亚砜-thioic acid 硫代酸-thione 硫酮-thione 硫酮-toxin 毒-triol 三醇-tropin 托品（俗名尾词）-urea 脲-xanthin 黄质-yl 基（一价基）-yne 炔。
医药英语词汇-词根词缀
●scopy= scop + y●stomy=stom + y●uria=ur + ia●emia = em + ia GastrorrhagiaDiarrhea ElectrocardiographElectrocardiogramMelanocyte HemoglobinErythroblast LeukoblastBlastocyteDermat/o/pathyhemophiliaPoliomyelitishemiplegiahaplo- =oneAmphi-, ampho- = double, both●primary carbon atom: one carbon neighbor●secondary carbon atom: two carbon neighbors●tertiary carbon atom: three carbon neighbors●quaternary carbon atom: four carbon neighbors PentagastrinSympatheticaluminumcalciummagnesiumargentumhepat / itisasepticantidotedeoxidationoligo/saccharideab/articulationtransfusionana/bolism cata/bolismpan/aceaeu/karyo/cytedys/bolism⏹coron/o: coronarycoronary heart diseasegastroenteritiscommon coldsThe Vascular Systemcapillariesangio/tensinvasoconstriction⏹Vas/o: blood vesselVasodilationsmooth muscle平滑肌angiotensinarterio/stenosis⏹ven/o, phleb/o: veinphlebitiscapillar/ectasiacapillary angi/oma⏹hem/o, hemat/o, em = blood hematocyto/peniaan/em/iahemo/globinhaptenAntigen determinant抗原决定簇plasma cellsimmunoglobulins⏹phag/o: swallowphagocytebacteriophageAIDS= acquired immune deficiency syndromecytoplasmneoplasma : tumorsaccharide and nucleic acidTriose, Tetrose, Pentose, Hexose, Heptose, Octose, Nonose, Decose,Oligosaccharide:lactose sucroseGlyco/gen根据functionStructural polysaccharides :celluloseStorage polysaccharides ；glycogen根据componentHomopolysaccharide:Heteropolysaccharide:Proteins are macromolecules made of amino acids and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acidresidues.Each amino acid contains:(1) Carboxyl group (-COOH-)(2) Amino group (-NH2)(3) Side chain (R) unique to each amino acid1.Bio/catalysis2.metabolic regulation代谢调节3.immunol protection免疫保护4.Transportation运输5.Structural or mechanical functionsZymogen or proenzyme is an active enzyme precursor.Pepsinogenblood clotting factorscoagulationACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorNucleic acid is composed of nucleotide. Each nucleotide consists of three components: a nitrogenous heterocyclic base, which is either a purine or a pyrimidine; a pentose; and a phosphate group.RNA is ribonucleic acid composed of adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil and D-ribose.DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid composed of adenine, guanine, cytosine ,thymine and deoxyribose. Both ribose and deoxyribose are pentose.•base pairsGenes are sequences of DNA which serve as blueprints for the production of proteins in all living things.DNA is composed of six molecules: sugars, phosphates and four bases.Genetic engineering is a process where genetic material (DNA) is taken from one organism and inserted into the cells of another organism. Genetic engineering also can be the rearrangement of gene location or the removal of genes.Basic steps in genetic engineering1.Isolate the gene2.Insert it in a host using a vector3.Produce as many copies of the host as possible4.Separate and purify the product of the gene Endonuclease exo/nucle/aseVector传病媒介Plasmid质体,质粒：an extra-chromosomal DNA molecule separate from the chromosomal DNA which is capable of replicating independently of the chromosomal DNA.chromatin. 染色质1.DNA replication2.Transcription转录to messenger RNA (mRNA)3.RNA processing4. Protein translationIntron: 内含子is a DNA region within a gene that is not translated into protein. These non-coding sections are transcribed to precursor mRNA and subsequently removed in splicing.Extron:外显子 a DNA region that can be translatedinto protein, it is present in the mature mRNA mRNA =messenger RNA(ribonucleic acid)]信使RNA,信使核糖核酸tRNA transfer ribonucleic acid]转移核糖核酸,转移codons密码子Ribosomes: are large RNA-protein complexes that can hold on to an mRNA strand plus two tRNAs at a timetemplate polypeptide chains.colon and rectum⏹stomat/o:口,口腔stomatitis, stomatoscopy⏹salivary amylase 唾液淀粉酶,涎液素,唾液淀粉酶1odont/o:Oligo/dont/ia PeriodontitisVaso/dilator 血管舒张及esophagus eso- = inside, inwardphag/o= swallowesogastritis 胃黏膜炎pepsin/o/genPept/i, peps/i: digestionpeptic ulcer: dys/peps/iagastrelcosispancreas 胰腺bi/carbon/ate 碳酸氢盐bile chole/sterol, phosph/o/lipids?cecum, appendixdysenteryenteric coated tabletrect/o: rectum rectal administrationhepat/o: liverhepat/atrophy/ia: Atrophy of the liverhepat/oma: liver cancerhyper/bili/rubin/em/ia 高胆红素血,血胆红素过多chol/emelan/choly 忧郁症melancholic (gloomy), choleric (irritable), protists 原生生物eu/karyote pro/karyotesparasitology ? path/o/genicecto/enzyme胞外酶,外酶 syn/apse 突触epi/thelial 上皮的 para/site寄生虫peri/hepat/itis肝周炎pre/synapticoligodontia少牙畸形meso/derm ecto/cardia myel/oma-o/dynia = Pain Gastro/dyniapenia = Decrease, Not Enough Thromb/o/cyt/o/penia Dia/rrhea-ostomy = to form a new opening (surgical)-blast = Embryonic, Immature CellMelan/o/blastPath/o ,-pathy= Disease Path/o/logy-stasis= to stop or prevent Chole/stasis-cide= to kill Fungi/cide杀菌剂-phil,-philic=love, friendship hemophilia血友病-phobe, phobic= fear Hydro/phobicMelano- = blackChloro- = green an/erythro/chlorops/iaCyano- = blue cyano/bacteriaPolio- = pale, grey Polio/myel/itisVio- = purplehemi/plegia 偏瘫di/mer endoplasmicAmphi-, ampho- = double, both amphoteric 两性的,酸碱兼性的Amphi/philic 两亲的45678910Tetra- Pento- Hexa- Hepta- Octo- octo/pus Nona- = nona/merDeca- = decahydroquinolineHolo- = whole Holo/enzymeMero- = part mero/necrosisHostPseudo/membraneHyper/ glycaem /iacarcinogenssecondary immunodeficiencyprimary immunodeficiencyfight-or-flight” responseparacrineexocrine autocrinesomato/tropin plasma membrane peptid/ o glycan。
药学英语词根词缀
1. 元素(Element)名称◆IA•Hydrogen•Lithium•Sodium•Potassium•Rubidium•Cesium•Francium◆IIA•Beryllium•Magnesium•Calcium•Strontium•Barium•Radium◆IIIA•Boron•Aluminium•Gallium•Indium•Thallium◆IV A•Carbon•Silicon•Germanium•Tin•Lead◆V A•Nitrogen•Phosphorus•Arsenic•Antimony•Bismuth◆VIA•Oxygen•Sulfur•Selenium•Tellurium•Polonium◆VIIA•Fluorine•Chlorine•Bromine•Iodine•Astatine◆0•Helium•Neon•Argon•Krypton•Xenon•Radon•个别元素名称•Fe : iron•Mn: manganese•Cu: copper•Zn: zinc•Hg: mercury•Ag: silver•Au: gold⏹表示原子个数时使用前缀：mono-di-tri-tetra-penta-hexa-hepta-octa-nona-deca-➢acet-醋；醋酸；乙酸➢acetyl- 乙酰（基）➢alkyl- 烷基➢am(yl)- 戊（基）➢anti- 抗➢benzo- 苯➢phenyl苯基➢bi- 二；双；重➢bio- 生物的➢bromo- 溴➢cardio-心➢chem(o)化学➢chlor- 氯➢com(n)- 共同的➢cyclo- 环➢Co- 共同➢de- 去；脱➢dehydro- 去氢；去水demethoxy-去甲氧（基）➢demethyl- 去甲（基）➢deoxy- 去氧➢des- 去；脱➢desmethyl-去甲（基）➢desoxy- 去氧➢di- 二➢endo- 内，在内➢epoxy- 环氧➢ethyl- 乙基➢fluor- ①氟②荧光➢gen-产生、源头➢gly(u)- 糖➢glyco糖➢hetero- 杂➢hexa- 六；己➢hepta- 七；庚➢homo- 同类的➢hydro-氢的，水的➢hyper高➢hypo低➢immuno-免疫➢iso- 异➢lipo-脂肪➢in- 在…之内/表否定➢intra- 在…之内➢Iso等同的➢macro- 大环，巨大➢methyl- 甲基➢micro- 微/小的➢mono单、一➢nitro- 硝基/氮➢non- 非➢nor- 去甲➢nano- 纳米➢neo新➢octa- 八；辛➢olig(o)-寡➢organ(o)-有机、器官➢ox(o)- 氧[代]➢penta- 五；戊➢per- ①高②过➢phenyl- 苯基➢phosphor- 磷；磷酸➢poly- 多；聚➢prop(yl)-丙基➢pro- 前、原➢pseudo- 假/伪➢Pharmaco 药➢pharma-药➢physi(o)生理➢phyto植物➢pseudo伪➢rate- 速率➢re重复➢semi- 半➢sesqui倍半➢silico- 硅➢stereo- 立体➢sulf- ①硫[代]②磺基➢sub在…下➢tri-三➢tetra四➢un-不➢ultra超过➢vinyl-乙烯基常见的二元化合物有卤化物，氧化物，硫化物，氮化物，磷化物，碳化物，金属氢化物等，命名时需要使用后缀-idefluoride, chloride,bromide, iodide,oxide, sulfide,nitride, phosphide,carbide, hydrideOH-的名称用后缀-ide: hydroxide无氧酸命名规则：hydro-词根-ic acid前后缀的不同组合显示不同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴离子价态相同的含氧酸及含氧酸根阴离子具有相同的前缀，不同的后缀高某酸per-词根-ic正酸词根-ic亚酸词根-ous次酸hypo-ous高某酸根per-词根-ate正酸根词根-ate亚酸根词根-ite次酸根hypo-词根-ite⏹其它的前缀还有ortho-正meta-偏thio-硫代⏹剂型名称aerosol气雾剂decoction汤剂emulsion乳剂ointment软膏剂patch贴剂pills丸剂Suppository 栓剂suspension混悬剂tablet片剂paste糊剂powder散剂。
医学英语词汇词根词缀
Ⅱ前缀Post-后postpartum产后De-去dehydration脱水Hyper-高hyperuricemia高尿酸血症Pre-前premature发生在适当时间之前的Myo-肌myoglolinemia肌红蛋白血症Tetra-四tetrachloride四氯化Re-重复Replicate复制Poly-多Polymerase聚合酶Deoxy-脱氧Deoxyribonucleotide脱氧核糖核苷酸Trans-转移Transferase转移酶di-二Phosphodiester磷酸二酯Pro-原proinsulin胰岛素原Tachy-快Tachycardia心动过速Lipo-脂Lipophilic亲脂的Hydro-水Hydrophilic亲水的Entero-肠Enterohepatic肠肝的Ar-非;失常Arrhythmogenic致心律失常的bi-二Bigeminy二联律Dis-缺乏Disorientation定向力缺乏Auto-自动automaticity自律性Extra-外extracellular细胞外的Non-非nontraumatic非创伤性的Epi-上epigastrium上腹部的Peri-周围periumbilical脐周Para-旁paracolic结肠旁Hemat-血hematemesis呕血Intra-内intramural壁内的Ipsi-同ipsilateral同侧的Oro-口oropharynx口咽部Hepato-肝hepatosplenomegaly肝脾肿大Dys-困难dyspneic呼吸困难的Brady-过缓bradycardia心动过缓Naso-鼻nasopharygeal鼻咽的Encephalo-脑Encephalomenigitis 脑膜脑炎Myo-肌myocarditis心肌炎Gastro-胃gastroenteritis胃肠炎Ovi-卵oviduct输卵管Endo-内endometrium子宫内膜Radio-放射radioimmunoassay放射免疫测定Nulli-未nullipara未产妇a-无、非amenorrhea闭经-ectomy切除术hysterectomy子宫切除术Bronchi-支气管bronchiectasis支气管扩张Neo-新neoplasm新生物Lympho-淋巴lymphoma淋巴瘤Tetra-四tetracycline四环素Hypo-低hypogammaglobulinaemia低γ-球蛋白血症Micro-微microangiopathy微血管病变Retino-视网膜retinopathy视网膜病变后缀-megaly肿大hepatosplenomegaly肝脾肿大-centesis穿刺术thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术-emia血症hyperuricemia高尿酸血症-itis炎症pancreatitis胰腺炎-ase酶Transferase转移酶-lysis分解proteolysis蛋白分解-philic亲Lipophilic 亲脂的-genic致arrhythmogenic致心律失常的-rrhea溢galactorrhea溢乳-stasis稳定homeostasis体内环境稳定-scopy镜检查laparoscopy腹腔镜检查-otomy切开术colpotomy阴道穹隆切开术-pathy病变retinopathy视网膜病变-ist者、专家ophthalmologist眼科医师解剖：解剖学术语前缀含义举例a-an- 不;不是;非;没有;少azygos: 不成对的部分;无对偶的部分;单一器an tibacterial: 抗生素ante- 在…之前;…前的antecubital: 肋前的anti- 反抗;治疗的 anti bacterial: 抗生素circum- 环;周围 circum ferential fibers: 环型纤维contra- 反抗;逆对 contra lateral: 对侧的ec-出;偏离 ec ctopic: 异位的endo- 内部的;内在的 endoscope: 内窥镜epi- 在上;向 epi dural: 硬膜的ex- 出;从;来的 ex cise: 切除extra-天;…外的 extradural: 硬膜外的hyper- 过好的;超出平常的hyperlordosis: 过度前凸ermal pertaining to upon the skinhypo- 不足的;在…下的 hypokyphosis: 后凸平足;平背畸形infra-在…下 infra laminar: 椎板下节inter- 在…之间 intercostal: 肋间intra- 在…之内 intradural: 硬膜下ipsi- 相同的 ipsi lateral: 同侧的mal- 病态的;平启的 mal union: 骨接合不正medi- 中间的 medi al: 中间的para- 不正常的;延…的;附近的para esthesiaor paresthesia: 感觉异常peri- 围绕;附近的 peri neural: 神经外膜post- 之后;在…后 post operative: 术后的pre- 之前;在…前 preoperative:术前准备pseudo- 假的 pseudoarthrosisor pseudarthr-osis: 假关节retro- 向后;回复 retro peritoneal: 腹膜后的semi- 半 semi lunar: 半月型的sub- 之下;在…之下 subcutaneous: 皮下的supra- 之上 supralaminar: 椎板上syn- 共;合 syn ostosis: 骨连接trans- 穿过 trans peritoneal: 经腹膜常用后缀-algia 疼痛 arthralgia: 关节痛-clasis 断;折断 osteoclasis: 骨破折-desis 固定关节或骨头 arthrodesis: 关节固定术关节融合术-ectomy 切除 laminectomy: 椎板切除术-emia 血 anemia: 贫血-genesis 形成;起源 osteogensis: 骨发生-itis 炎症 arthitis: 关节炎-lysis 分解;松解 osteolysis: 骨吸收 ; 骨质溶解-malacia 软化 chrondromalacia: 轻骨软化-oid 类似 osteoid: 骨样的-oma 肿瘤 sarcoma: 肉瘤-otomy 切;截 osteotomy: 截骨术-paresis 半;部分麻痹 hemiparesis: 半身麻痹-pathy 病 neuropathy: 神经病肥大-penia 不止;减少 osteopenia: 骨质减少-plasia 生长;形成 hyperplasia: 增生;过度增生-plasty 手术修复 cranioplasty: 颅骨成形术-scope 检查设备 thoracocscope: 胸腔镜-scopy 用设备检查 thoracoscopy: 胸腔镜检查-stenosis 狭窄的 spinal stenosis: 椎管狭窄-tome 切割器械 ostetome: 骨力-tomy 切;截 osteotomy: 截骨术-trophy 食物;营养 hypetrophy: 过度生长常用的前缀第一节表示无;抗;非的前缀一．a-;an-无;非..无可以进一步理解为离开;除去;脱去等1．无abacteria 无菌的;atony 无力;anemia 贫血无血之意..Abiosis 无生命;abraehia 无臂畸形;adaerya 无泪;asaetylia 无指趾畸形;asendrie 无树突的;adermotrophia 皮肤萎缩即无皮肤营养之意;adiaphoresis 无汗症..2．否定asymmetercal 不对称的;asynergy 不协调;astnthests 不连接;aststole 心搏停止心脏不收缩..Atactic 共济失调的不协调;astnchronous 不同步的;askyllabia 拼音不能..3．离开aspiration 吸引即吸除之意;aberrent 迷走的即离开正常途径的.. 4．An-在元音前用an-Anaerove 厌氧菌;anesthesia 无感觉;麻醉;analgesia 无痛法;痛觉消失;anamniotic 无羊膜的;anangioplasia 血管发育不全;anapepsia 胃蛋白酶缺乏;anaplasia 发育不全;anascitia 无腹水的;anastigmatic 无散光的;anacholia 胆汁缺乏..二.ab-去;离开;除abnormal 不正常的即背离正常的;abapical 离尖的;离心尖的尖以外的;心尖外的..Abarticular 关节外的;abaxial 轴外的;离轴的;abduct 外展神经;ablactation 断奶离开奶..Abneural 神经外的..三．Ant-;anti-;对抗;取消;抑制;解除antagonistic 对抗的;antioxin 搞毒素;antibody 抗体;antigen 抗原;antacid 制酸剂;antipyretie 解热剂;antibiotic 抗菌素;antispasmin 解痉剂;→antiamylase 抗淀粉酶;antieoagulant 抗凝的..四．De-向下;减少;降低;除去;否定;离开;解除;脱去等deacidification 去酸作用;deactivation 灭活性;deacylase 脱酰基酶;dealclholizafion 脱醇作用;deallergize 脱过敏;deamination 脱氨作用;deaquation 脱水作用;deviate 背离;decrease 减少;descend 下降;decimpose 分解;decomprese 减压; deficiencky 不中;不全;缺乏;deceleration 减速度;deformity 畸形;变形非正常形态之意..Degeneration 退行性变;变性即背离正常性质..Decentration 偏心即离开中心;decerebrate 去大deckortication 去皮质;去皮层;defibrillate 除库;deficit 短缺;deflection 偏向;detail 详细de 也有表示完全之意..五．Dis-否定;分开;相反等disability 丧失劳动力;disacidity 去酸;disaggregation 感觉综合不能;disassimilation 异化作用;dislication 脱位;disassociation 分离;discharge 放电;discission 切开;discomfort 不舒适disconnect 分离;不连接;descrimination 辨别含分开之意..Disequilibrium 不平衡..六．Il-;im-;in-;ir-非;无;不1．In-非;无;不Inactite 无活性的;inablity 无能力;inaccurate 不精确的;insolrble 不溶解的;inadequate 不适当的;inadaptable 不适应的;inacidity 无酸;inaction 无作用;inanimate无生命的;incapacity 机能不全;incoagulable 不能凝固的;inalimental 无营养的..2．Im-为in-的变形;在b;p;m;之前用im-Impossible 不可能的;imperforation 无孔;impermeability 非渗透性;imbalance 不平衡;immature 不成熟的;immiscible 不可混合的;immobility 不活动;impalpavle 不可触知的;impotency 阳萎阴茎不能勃起;inpkutre 不纯的..3．Il-为in-之变形;用于1之前Ill-health 健康不佳;ill-effect 不良作用;ill-humor 心境不佳;ill-nourished 营养不良的..4．Ir-为in-之变形;用于1之前Irregular不规则的;irreversible 不可逆的;irreducible 不可还原的;irrespirable 不能呼吸的;irresuscitable 不可复苏的;irrhythmia 心律失常;心律不齐;七．Non-非;无;不non-absorbent 非吸收性的;nonacid 非酸性的;nonallerglic 非变态反应性的;nondevelopment不发育;nonconductor 非导体;nonimmune 非免疫性的;noncongestive 非充血性的;nonmotile 无运动的;noninfective 非传杂性的;非感染性的;nonhemolytic 非溶血性的;nonmetal 非金属的;nonsutgical 非手术的;非外科和;nonspecific 非特异性的;nonviable 不能生活的..八．Un-不;非;无unavoidable 不可避免的;unbalance 不平衡;unknown 未知的;unconsciousness 无意识;uncomfortable 不舒适的;uncompleted 不完全的;uncompemented 未给补体的;undifferentiation 未分化..第二节能表示数量的前缀一; 基数词1;uni- 单一Unilateral 单侧的;unipolar 单极的;uniaural 单耳的;unobsal 单底的;unicentral 单中心的;unicelluar 单细胞的;unidirectional 单向的;unifocal 单灶的;uniocular 单眼的;unipara 初产妇; unit 单位.. 2; bi-、di-、diplo-、amb-、amphi-、ampho、二、双1bibiacuminate有二尖端的;biangulate 有两角的;bicarbonate 重碳酸盐;biauricular 双耳的;biaxial双轴的;bicavity 双腔的;biceps 二头肌;biconvex 双凸的;bivalent 双价的;bivalve 双瓣的..2di-diacetate 双醋酸盐;diacetyldiphenolisatin 双醋酚酊;diacid 二酸;diamide 二酰胺;dihybrid 双因子杂种;dihyudrochlorothiazide 双氢克尿塞;diphosphate 双磷酸盐;diad 二分体; disome 双染色体;disomi 双躯干畸胎..3diplo-diplobacillus 双杆菌;dipliblastic 二胚层的;diplicocus 双球菌;diploid 二倍体;diploneural 双重神经支配的;diplopia 复视;diplostreptococcus 双链球菌..4ambi-;amb-;ambo-二;两侧;复ambilateral 两侧的;ambiopia 复视;ambivalent 矛盾情绪的两方面情绪的;ambiocularity 能同等使用两眼;ambosexual 两性的..5amphi- 二;两侧;两端amphibia 两栖类;amphichroic 两性反应的;amphigenesis 两面三刀性生殖;amphinucleolus 双核仁;amphipeptine 两性胨..6ampho- 意同甘共苦amphiamphochromophil 双染性的;amphotericin 两性霉素;amphiteric 两性的..3.tri- 三triangle 三角;triad 三联征;triacetate 三乙酸盐;triacid 三价酸;triage 伤员拣别分类国外急诊室将伤员进行分类;大批伤员选出;有可能抢救存活的病人;先进行抢救;分出轻重缓急;以便抢救存活更多的病人;此处无三的含义;trialism 三元论;triamine 三胺;teiatomic 三原子的;tribasic 三价碱的;tribromide 三溴化物..4.quadra-;quadri-;tetra-;tetro- 四1quadra-;quadri-quadrant 四分体;象限;quadrate 四方的;quadratus 方肌;quadriceps 四头肌;quadricuspid 四尖的;quadrigeminum 四叠体;quadriplegia 四肢瘫..2tetra-;tetro-tetracycline 四环素;tetrachloride 四氯化物;tetrachlormethane 四氯甲烷;trtralogy 四联症;trtrapeptide 四肽;tetraophthalmus 四眼畸形..5.penta-.;pento- 五Pentacyclic 五环的; pentadactyl 五指趾的;pentacglucose 戊糖;pentanucleotide 五核苷酸;pentazole 五唑;pentobarbital 戊巴比妥..6.hex-;hexa-六Hexachlorophene 六氯酚;hexad 六价元素;hexagonal 六角形;hexahydric 六氢的;hexane 已烷;hexistrol 已雌酚已即六7.hept-;hepta-;sept-;七Heptaldehyde 庚醛庚即七;heptatomic 七价的;hiptaralent- 七价的;heptose 庚糖;septavalent 七价的..8.octa-;octo- 八Octacetate 辛醋酸酯;octoferric 含八个铁的;octose 辛糖;octylene 辛烯..9.nona- 九Nonan 第九日的;nonipara 九产妇第九次生产..10.deca- 十decacurie 十居里同位素量;decagram 十克;decaliter 十升;decameter 十米;decanormal 十当量的溶液浓度单位..二．数量程度1.haplo-;mono 单1haplo-与mono不同;是指单纯的单独的..Haplodermatitis 单纯皮炎;haplolichen 单纯苔藓;haploid 单倍体..Haplomycosis 单孢子囊菌病;haplo-pathy 无合并症的单纯病;haplopia 单视..2mono-monocyte 单核细胞;mononuclear 单核的;mononeuritis 单神经炎;monoacid 单价酸的;monoarticular 单关节的;monogenous 单性生殖的;monocelled- 单细胞的;monoxide 单氧化物;monochromatic 单色的;monophase 单相..2．multi-;pleo-;pluri-;poly- 多1multi-;多;多数multiple 多的;multicapsular 多囊的;multicellular 多细胞的;multicenrtic 多中心的;multifetation 多胎妊娠;multiform 多形的;multilobular 多叶的;multiparous 多胎的;multivalence 多价;multiterminal 多端的; multinodular 多结节的..2pleo- 常指过多;增;多pleocaryocyte 多核细胞;pleochroic 多色的;pleochromocytoma 多色细胞瘤;pleocytosis 细胞增多;pleolysis 最大溶血浓度;pkkeomastia 多乳房;pleomorphic 多形的..3pluri- 多;多数pluriceptor 多簇受体;pluricytopenia 多种细胞减少;pluridyscrinia 多种分泌障碍;pluriglandular 多腺性的;plurigravida 经产的;plurimenorrhea 多次行经;plurinuclear 多核的;pluripara 经产妇;pluripolar 多极的;pluripotential 多能的..4poly- 多;多数polycythemia 红细胞增多症;polycystic 多囊的;polycystoma 多囊病;polychylia 乳糜过多;polyclic 多环的;polyclinic 综合门诊所;综合医院;分科医院;polychtomatophlia 多染性细胞增多;polydeficiency多种维生素缺乏;polydipsia 烦渴;polydontia 多牙..3．Demi-.hemi; semi- 半1demi-demifacet 半面;demilune 半月形的;新月细胞..2hemi- 常指半侧;偏侧hemiplegia 半身不遂;hemiprotein 半蛋白质;hemipylorectomy 幽门部分切除术;hemiscotosis 偏侧盲;hemisection 对切;himispasm 偏侧痉挛;hemisphere 半球;hemisyndrome 偏侧综合征;hemisynergia 偏身协同动作;hemitetany 半身手足搐搦;hemithermoanesthesis 半身热觉缺失;hemitoxin 半毒素..3semi-semiantigen 半抗原;semicanal 半管;semicircular 半环形的;semicoma 半昏迷;轻昏迷;semiconscious 半清醒的;semidecussation 半交叉;scmiflexion 半屈;semilunare 月骨;semimembrane 半渗透膜的;semiplegia 半瘫;semipllar 半极的;semirecumbent 半卧的;semitransparent 半透明的;semicartilagimous 半软骨的..4.holo-;pan-;完全1 holo-全部;完全holoantigen 全抗原;holocephalic 头部完整的;hokodiastolic 全舒张期的;holopathy 全身病;holoplexia 全身瘫;holosteosclerosis 全身骨硬化;holosystolic 全收缩期的;holori\etanus 全身性破伤风;holotonia 全身肌紧张..2 pan- 完全panagglutination 全凝集;panarthritis 全关节炎;panarteritis 全动脉炎;panesthesia 全感觉 ;pancarditis 全心炎;pancytopenia 全血细胞减少;pancytosis 全血细胞增多..5.mero-;topo- 局部1 mero- 常指部分meromicrosomia 部分躯干过小;meropia 部分盲;merorachischisis 部分分脊柱裂;merodialysis 部分分离;meromwrphosis 再生不全..2topo-常指部位toponarcosis 局部麻醉;toponeurosis 局部神经机能病;topoalgia 局部痛;topodysesthesia 局部感觉迟钝;topographic 局部解剖的;topology 局部解剖学..6．giga-;giganto-;mega-megalo-;macro- 大;巨大1giga-;giganto-gigatism 巨人症;gigantoblast 巨大有核红细胞;gigantocyte 巨大红细胞 ;gigantosoma 巨大发育;gigantochronoblast 巨大有核红细胞 .. 2mega-;megalo-megabacteriun 巨大细菌;megabladder 巨大膀胱;megacardia 心肥大;megacaryoblast 成巨核细胞;megacaryocyte 巨核细胞 ;megacecum 巨肓肠;megacephalia 巨头;megacoddus 巨大球菌;megacolon 巨结肠;megasontia 巨芽;megalencephalon 巨脑;megalerythema 巨大红斑;megaloblast 巨成红细胞;megalocardia 心肥大;megalocephalia 巨头;megalodactyly 巨趾指;megao-esophagus 巨食管;megaloglosia 巨舌..3 macro- 除巨大外;还指长macrocephalous 巨头的;macrocheilia 巨唇;macrocheiria 巨手;macrochtromosome 巨染色体;macroclitoris 巨阴蒂;macrococcus 巨型球菌;macrocyst 巨囊;macrocyte 巨红细胞;macrobiosis 长寿;macrocomous 长毛的..7.hyper-;over-;ultra-.过多;超过1hyper- 过多;超过;上高;重;过度等hypertension 高血压病;hypertcardiotrophia 甲状腺功能亢进症;hyperalimentosis 营养过度hyperchloridiotrophia 心肥大;hyperteophy 肥大;hyperearbia 碳酸血症;hyperchloridation 供氯过多;hyperchloride 过氯化物;hypercholia 胆汁过多;hyperchondroplasia 软骨增殖过多;hyperiodemia 高碘血症;hyperlethal 超致死量的;hypermania 重躁狂症;hypernormal 超常的;hyperpelvic 骨盆上的;hyperendemic 高度地方性的;hyperimmunity 超大型免疫;hypertonic 高张的..2over- 过度overaction 作用过度;overactive 活动过度的;over-alimentation 营养过度;overcorrection 矫正过度;overgrowth 生长过度;overhydration 水分过多;overdistension 膨胀过度;overexerition用力过度;overlapping 重叠;overresponse 反应过度..3 supra- 见第三节4super- 见第三节5ultra- 超过ultracentrifugal 超离心的;ultrafilter 超滤器;ultramicron 超微粒;ultrasonic 超声波的;ultraviolet 紫外线;ultrasound 超声.. 8．hypo-;micro-;oligo-;sub- 少;小;不足1hypo- 低;少;减退;不足;次;过少;不全hypoacidity 胃酸过少;酸过少;hypoactivity 活动减低;hypoadrinalemia 血白蛋白减少;hypoalinentation 营养不足;hypobaropthy 低气压病;hypobilirubinemia 低胆红素血症;hypobromite 次溴酸盐hyoi-化学上译为次..Hypocalcification 钙化不全;hyoicalcia 钙不足;hypovolutism发育迟缓;hypoglycemia 低血糖症;hypohidrosis少汗;hyponoia 精神迟钝..hypo- 除上述含意外;有其它含意在此一并讨论：hypocondylar 髁下的;hypoderm 皮下组织;hypoglossus 舌下神经;hypoglottis 舌下部;hypolarunx 喉下部;hypospadias 尿道下裂;hypophrenium 隔下腔;hypotrepia 下斜视;2micro-小;细;微microscope 显微镜;microscopist 显微镜工作者;microsecond 微秒;microsection 显微切片;microslide 显微镜玻片;microsoma 微粒体;microsomtia 矮小身材;microsphere 中心体;microspherocyte 小球形红细胞 ;mictosporangium 小孢子囊..3oligo-少;缺少oligoamnios 羊水过少;oligocardia 心动徐缓心跳次数少;oligoocholia 胆汁过少;oligochromimia 血红蛋白过少;oligocythmia 红细胞减少;oligopnea 呼吸迟缓呼吸次数少;oligosideremia 血铁减少;oligospermia 精子减少;oligosteatosis 皮脂减少;oliguria 少尿..4sub-不全;不足;次;亚;下subacetate 次醋酸盐次用于化学名称;subacidirty 酸不足;subacute 亚急性;subfebrile 微热的;subinvolution 复旧不全;subtotal 次全的;subconciousness 意识的;subdivision 亚门;subgroup 亚组;subfamily 亚科;subiodide 次碘化物;sublethal 亚致死的;subliukemia 亚白血病..Sub- 除上述含意外;还表示位置在下面..Subabdominal 腹下的;subarchinoid 蛛网膜下腔的;subaural 耳下的;subscapular 肩胛下的;subcapduloperiosteal 关节囊骨膜下的;subclavicular 胸骨下的;substratum 下层..常用的后缀后缀在缀合法中只起改变词性的作用;不改变词根的含意;这在第一章内已叙述..现将常用后缀分一般英语后缀及医学英语后缀两部分来说明.. 第一节常用的一般英语后缀一、名词性后缀1.-age为抽象名词后缀;表示行为;状态和全体总称percentage百分数;百分率;voltage电压;伏特数;lavage灌洗;洗;出法;gavage管词法;curettage刮除法;shortage不足;缺少..2.-cy表示抽象名词accuracy 准确;精确度;infancy婴儿期..3.-ence、-ance表示性质和动作difference不同;interference干扰;干预;influence影响;感化;occurrence发出;出现;violence激烈;暴力;existence存在;significance意义;意味..4.-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀difficiency不足;不全;tendency趋势;趋向;frequency频率;pregnancy 妊娠;emergency紧急;急救;fluency流利;流畅;sufficiency足够;充足;constancy坚定;经久不变..5.-er表示…人、…者diameter直径;receiver接收者;接受者;carrier 携带者;beginner初学者;创始人;reader读者;shutter 快门;goiter甲状腺肿..6.-ics 表示…科学psdiatrics儿科学;psychiatrics精神病学;obstetrics产科学;orthopdics矫形科学;auristrics耳科学;gnathostomatics口腔生理学;andriatrics男性医学;男性科..7.-ian表示人称名词physician医师;内科医师;technician技术员8.-ication 由动词变化而来的抽象名词;常译为…化simpliffcation 简化;calcification钙化;classification分类;分级; communication交流;交往..9.-ing由动词变化而来的动名词nursing护理;typing分型;分类;mapping绘制…图;bleeding出血;vomiting呕吐;softening变软;functioning使器官活动;使器官有功能;positioning 把…放在适当的位置;mathching和…相配;imaging成像..10.-ion 由动词构成的名词occasion偶然原因;近因;时机;division分割;分开;vision视力;视觉;distortion扭曲;变形..11.-ism表示制度;主义及现象等的抽象名词mehanism机理;机制;autism孤独性..12.-ist表示人称名词specialist专家;internist内科医生;padiatrist儿科学家;biololgist 生物学家;economist经济学家;chemist化学家;obstetrist产科学家;产科医师..13.-ization由动词构成的抽象名词recanalization再管化;再通化;chatheterization插管;immunization免疫法;预防接种;organization组织;机构;机化;hospitalization住院;normalization正常化;ketonization酮化作用..14.-logy表示学科morphology形态学;histology组织学;neurology神经学;embryology胚胎学;radiology放射学;laryngorhinology喉鼻科学;proctology直肠学;hexiology个体;生态学..15.-ment表示动作;行为或具体事物measurement 测量;量度;experiment实验;instrument 仪器;器械;integument体被;皮肤;segment节段;fragment片段;断片;碎片;replacement替代;置换;increment增长;增殖;development发育;显影;movement动作;活动;ligment韧带;equipment器材;装置;设备;improvement改善..16.-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词tenderness触痛;hardness坚硬;thickness厚度;effectiveness有效;usefulness有用的;coldness寒冷;dampness潮湿;darkness 黑暗;shallowness浅;permanentness永久;brightness明亮..17.-or表示…人;…物inhibitor抑制物;doctor医生;monitor监视器;donor给血者;供体;director主任;factor因素; operator操作者;手术者..18.-ry表示集合名词laboratory实验室;chemistry化学..19.-ship表示状态relationship关系;联系;interrelationship 相互关系;相互联系.. 20.-th由形容词构成名词length长度;width宽度;depth深度;truth真理..21.-ty表示性质rigidity强直;僵硬;speciality特征;专业;responsibility责任;责任心;capacity容量;智能;能力;mortality死亡率;morbidity发病率;nocturnality夜间;safty 安全性;conductivty传导性;permeability 渗透性;property性质;plenty丰富;unity整体;统一性;obesity肥胖;similarity类似;相似..22.-ure表示行为结果failure衰竭;pressure 压力;curvature弯曲;fissure裂隙;裂;puncture 穿刺;rupture破裂;structure结构;seizure发作;nomenclature名称;术语..二、形容词性后缀1.-able表示可能的;可以的excitable易兴备的;acceptable易接受的;movable可移动的;alterable 可改变的;可改动的;available可用的;可得到的;uncomfortable不舒的..2.-al表示有…的属性regional 局部的natural自然的;special特别的;特殊的;spinal脊髓的;central 中央的;vertrbral脊柱的;cervical颈的;mural壁的;terminal末端的;typical典型的;digital手指的;数字的;temperal 暂时的;短暂的;capital首要的;重要的;vocal有声的;声带的;several几个;parasternal胸骨旁的..3.-ant有些是从动词派生来的significant在意义的;persistant持久的;坚持的从动词persist来的;resistant抵抗的;反抗的自动词resist派生;important重要的;infant婴儿的;constant坚定的;持久的;pernanent永久的..4.-ar表示…特征的;…形状的regular规则的;muscular肌肉的;circular环形的;圆的;anular环的..5.-ary 表示与…有关的ordinary平常的;通常的;anniversary周年的;voluntary自愿的;随意的..6.-ed 用于名词加ed;转化为形容词;或动词过去分词作形容词.. Coded加密码的名词code 加ed;colored加颜色的;deposited被沉淀的由动词deposite加ed;curved使…弯曲的;limited有限的;lubricated滑润的;使滑润的;surrounded围住的;被围绕的..7.-ent与-ant同类consistent坚定的;different不同的;sufficient足够的;convenient便利的;方便的;evident明显的;fluent流利的;流畅的;efficient有效的;frequent常常的;频繁的..8.-ful由名词构成形容词useful有用的;successful成功的;plentiful丰富的;helpful有帮助的..9.-ible与-able相同..Visible可见的;irreversible 不可逆的;impossible不可能的;inaudible听不见的..10.-ic加在外来词根的名词上;构成形容词specific特异的;magnetic磁性的;aerobic需氧的;pubic耻骨的;oxytocic催产的、催产剂;therapeutic治疗的;dramatic戏剧性的;icteric黄疸的;dynamic动力的;hemolytic溶血的..11.-ish加在颜色的形容词上;表示略带…色reddish带红色的;微红的;yellowish带黄色的;微黄的..12.-ive由动词构成形容词relative有关的;相关的由动词relat派生的;sensitive灵敏的;congestive充血性的;imaginative想象、富有想象力的;imitative摹仿的; repetitive重复的;reproductive生殖的;contractive收缩的;conservative保守的;circulative循环的;effective有效的;invasive侵入性的..13.-less表示没有…的useless无用的;lifeless无生命的;hopeless绝望的、医治不好的;fruitless无效的、无益的..14.-ory表示…性质的;属于…的..sensory感觉的;accessory附属的、附加的;circulatory循环的;urinary 泌尿的;尿的..15.-ous表示具有…的、有…特性的..dangerous有危险的;continuous在连续性的、连续的;serious严重的;various各种的;vigorous强有力的;apueous水的;generous大量的;丰盛的;tremendous可怕的;惊人的;previous以前的;pervious能通过的、能穿过的..三、动词性后缀1.-ate多用于外来词构成动词deviate背离、偏离;decelerate减速;accelerate加速;degenerate变性;operate操作;手术;defibrillate除颤;vibrate振动、颤动;migrate 移动;angulate成角;anticipate预期、期望;abbreviate缩写;antecede 在…之前..2.-en形容词构成动词;表示变、加、使…weaken变弱、变衰弱;soften使…软化;thicken使…变厚;strenghten加强;shorten使…变短;wooden木制的;deepen加深、深化;harden使…变硬;lengthen使…延长;loosen放松、解开;quicken加快、刺激;roughen 变粗糙;lighten减轻;sharpen变尖锐..3.-ize加在形容词或名词上;表示…化neutralize中和;standardize标准化;mineralize矿物质化;repolarize复极化;depolarize去极化;sensitize致敏;metastasize转移..四、副词性后缀1.-ly由形容构成的副词;最为常用;表示……地simaltaneously同时地;concurrently同时地;widely广泛地;excrusively专用地、唯一地;scarcely仅仅、刚刚;immediately立即..2.-wards加在前置词上;构成副词;表示方向backwards向后;upwards向上..常用医学词根医学专业英语词汇往往都比较长;这心然会给广大医务工作者记忆单词带来极大的困难..那么;如何克服困难;从而达到快速记忆的目的呢本章通过列举大量常驻用医学词汇的分解式实例;来充分说词根在快速记忆单词时所起的重要作用..学习才应该熟记它们的拼法和含义;除此之外;再熟练掌握一些常用的前缀和后缀;可以断定;拼写笛长的单词也全变得容易记忆了..一、循环系统Ⅰ.a-一个aneurism动脉瘤一个扩大的动脉状态a + neur + ism∣∣∣一个扩大状态Ⅱ.an-无anoxemia缺氧血症an + ox + emia∣∣∣无氧血症Ⅲ.angei-;angi-;angio- 血管1.angeitis脉管炎; angiochondroma血管软骨瘤angei + itis angio+chondr+oma∣∣︱︱︱血管炎血管软骨瘤angei-中的i被去掉了2.angiectasis血管扩张; angiodermatitis皮血管炎angi + ectasis angio+dermat+itis∣∣︱︱︱血管扩张血管皮炎3.angitis脉管炎 ; angiolipoma血管脂肪瘤ang + itis angio+lip+oma∣∣︱︱︱脉管炎血管脂肪瘤angi-不的I被去掉了4.angioblast成血管细胞 ; angioneuromyoma血管神经肌瘤angio + blast angio+neuro+my+oma∣∣︱︱︱︱血管成…细胞血管神经肌瘤5;angiocardiography心血管造影术 11;angioparalysis血管麻痹病angi + cardio + graphy angio+paraly+sis∣∣∣︱︱︱血管心脏照相术血管麻痹病6.angiocardiopathy心血管病angio+cardio+pathy︱︱︱血管心病Ⅳ.arter-;arteri-;arteria-;arterio-动脉1.artery动脉 6;arterole 小动脉arte + ry arteri + ole︱︱︱︱动脉 n.suf名词后缀动脉小管arter-中的r被去掉了2.arterial动脉的 7;arterialization 静脉动脉化arteri + al arteria + liza + tion︱︱︱︱︱动脉 a.suf 动脉化 n.suf同前…的形容词后缀3.arteriarctia 动脉缩窄 8;arteriodilating 动脉扩张的arteri + arct + ia arterio+dilat+ing︱︱︱︱︱︱动脉缩窄病动脉扩张…的4.arteriectasia 动脉扩张 9;arterionecrosis 动脉坏死arteri + ectas + ia arterio+necro+sis︱︱︱︱︱︱动脉扩张病动脉坏死病5.arteriectomy 动脉切除术 10;arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化arteri + ectomy arterio+sclero+sis︱︱︱︱︱动脉切除术动脉硬化病Ⅴ.asthma-气喘1.asthma气喘2.asthmatic气喘的asthmat+ic︱︱气喘 a.suf…的Ⅵ.ather-athero-粥样的1.atheroma 粥样粉瘤 5;atheronecrosis 粥样坏死ather + oma athero+necro+sis︱︱︱︱︱粥样粉瘤粥样坏死病2.atherogenesis 粥样硬化形成 6;atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化athero + gene + sis athero + sclero + sis︱︱︱︱︱︱粥样产生病指硬化动脉粥样硬化病3.atherogenic 致粥样硬化的 7;atherosis 粥样硬化athero + gen + ic athero + sis︱︱︱︱︱粥样致 a.suf…的同前粥样病4.atheromatosis 粥样硬化病athero+matosis︱︱粥样病Ⅶ.atri- atrio- 心房1.atrial 心房的 5;atriotome 心房切开刀atri + al atrio + tome︱︱︱︱心房 a.suf 心房切开刀2.atrium 心房 6;atriotomy 心房切开术atri + um atri + otomy︱︱︱︱心房 n.suf 心房切开术3.atriocarotid 心房颈动脉的 7;atrioventricular 房室的atrio + carotid atrio + ventricul + ar︱︱︱︱︱心房颈动脉的心房室 a.suf与…有关的4.atrioseptopecy 房间隔修补术atrio + septo + pexy︱︱︱心房间隔修补术Ⅰ.bi-1.bicuspid 二尖瓣;二尖瓣的 2;bigemina 二联脉bi+cuspid bi + gemin + a二尖瓣二成对 n.sufⅡ.brady- 徐缓、迟缓1.bradycardia 心动过缓 3;bradydiastole 心舒张期延长brady + cardia brady+diastole︱︱︱︱过缓心动延长舒张期2.bradycrotic 脉搏徐缓的brady+crotic︱︱徐缓脉搏的Ⅰ.capil-; capillar-; capillar-; capillari-; capillaro- 毛细血管1.capillary 毛细血管的 5;capillariomotor 毛细血管运动capill + ary capillario+motor︱︱︱︱毛细血管 a.suf与…有关的毛细血管运动2.capillarectasis 毛细血管扩张 6;capillarioscopy 毛细显微镜检capillar + ectasis capillario+scopy︱︱︱︱毛细血管扩张毛细镜检查3.capillaritis 毛细管炎 7;capillaropathy 毛细管病capillar+itis capillaro+pathy毛细炎毛细管病4.capillarity 毛细现象或作用capillari + ty︱︱毛细 n.suf表特性Ⅱ.cardia-; cardio- 心1.cardiac 心的 7;cardiant 心兴奋剂cardi + ac cardi + ant︱︱︱︱心 a.suf …的心药剂医学上cardia-中的a被省略2.cardialgia 心痛;胃灼痛 8;cardiasthma 心性喘息cardi + algia cardi + asthma︱︱︱︱心;胃痛心喘息3.cardiamorphia 心畸形 9;cardiovascular 心血管的cardia + morphia cardio + vascul + ar︱︱︱︱︱心形态病心血管 a.suf4.carditis 心炎 10;cardiophonography 心音图card + it is cardio+phono+graphy心炎心血管 a.suf5.cardiogenic 心原性的 11;cardiopulmonary 心肺的cardio + gen + ic cardio+pulmon+ary︱︱︱︱︱︱心原 a.suf心肺 a.suf6.cardiomegaly 心肥大cardio+megaly︱︱心肥大Ⅲ.catherter 导管catheterization 导管插入catheter+iz+ation︱︱︱导管化 n.sufⅣ.circula- 循环circulation 循环circula + tion︱︱循环 n.suf表抽象含义Ⅴ.coron- 冠状coronary 冠状的coron + ary︱︱冠状 a.sufⅥ.cyan-; cyano-; cyanot-; 青紫、绀、蓝、氰1. cyanamide氰酰胺 3; cyanotic青紫的;紫绀的cyan + amide cyanot + ic∣∣∣∣氰酰胺青紫 a.suf…的;属…的2. cyanosis紫绀cyano + sis∣∣绀病态。
【药学英语】药学英语单词词根
alg
疼痛
analgia痛觉缺乏
anaphyl
过敏
anaphylatoxin过敏毒素
Crin
分泌
endocrine内分泌
edem
水肿
edema浮肿，水肿
emia
血症
anoxemia缺氧血症
hormon
激素
parahormone副激素
lymph
淋巴
lymphadenitis淋巴结炎
meno
月经
-emia
血的情况
leukemia白血病
hemi—
半
hemiparalysis偏瘫
hyper—
超过，过多
hyperglycemia高血糖
hypo—
低，少于正常
hypoglycemia低血糖
-itis
炎症
hepatitis肝炎
—lysis
溶解
hemolysis溶血
para-
旁，附着，异常
paranephric肾旁的，肾上腺的
hemat/o
血
hematuria血尿
thromb/o
凝块，血块
thrombosis血栓形成
thyr/o
甲状腺
thyrocele甲状腺肿
derm/o
皮肤
epidermis表皮
oste/o
骨
osteoblast成骨细胞
vertebr/o
椎骨
intervertebral椎间的
my/o,myos/o
肌肉
myitis(myositis)肌炎
menopause绝经
menstru
月经
menstruation月经，行经
医学英语词根词缀大全
医学英语词根词缀Suffix Meaning Example-ac pertaining to cardiac: pertaining to the heart属于，关于心脏（病）的-al pertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine-ar pertaining tomolecular: pertaining to a molecule 分子的-ary pertaining to ciliary: pertaining to the ciliabelonging to 睫毛的，纤毛的,毛状的-ase enzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar淀粉酶-cle smallness follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac小，少，贫乏，小气小囊，（头发的）毛囊-e an instrument 仪器auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜-eal pertaining tolaryngeal: pertaining to the larynx 喉的，喉音的-ia condition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕-ic pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin 有毒的；因中毒引起的-ics study of; name of a science paediatrics: study of children, their development anddiseases 儿科学-ine/in substance 物质insulin ：substance (hormone) produced by theislets of Langerhans in the pancreas胰岛素-ism process or condition alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol whichbecomes addictive 酒精中毒-ist one who specializes in pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the 精通于……的人study of drugs 药理专家-itis inflammation refers to a part in rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages ……部位的炎症鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎-(i)um relation to a whole; related toendometrium: inner lining of the uter 子宫内膜与……相关-ive characterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing 止咳药」-let tiny; small droplet: a tiny drop 小滴-ment the result or product of an action development: thing which develops or is beingdeveloped; action of becoming mature-oid resembling; like mucoid: resembling mucus像粘液样的-ole little; small centriole: the small dense structure in the middleof the centrosome细胞中心粒；中心体-oma-or/-er -ory -ose -osis -ous-somes -um-y tumor; swelling refers to a doereither a person or thingcharacterized by; pertaining tosugarabnormal conditionpertaining tobodiesstructure; thing; substance结构，物质condition; act; processdermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin皮肤纤维瘤receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds tovarious stimuli感受器，受体suspensory: which is hanging down悬吊式，悬带fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit果糖onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail嵌甲poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containingpoison 有母的，分泌毒素的ribosome: the body of nucleic acid 核糖体magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属元素）or metabolism 营养不艮The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixesSuffix Meaning Example-algia pain; painful; condition arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛--ase enzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶-blast embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎hemocytoblast: blast cell血胚细胞，原始血细胞-carcinoma malignant tumor developing fromadenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing connective tissue 相关组织的恶性from glandular tissue 腺癌肿瘤-cele protrusion; distention 突出；膨胀，esophagocele: abnormal distention of the延伸esophagus食管突出-centesis surgical puncture 手术穿孔paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for theaspiration of fluid 穿刺术-capnia carbon dioxide 二氧化碳acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏-cide kill germicide: （substance） which can kill germs杀菌剂-clast cell phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell,which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞-dynia pain glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛-ectasia/ expansion; dilation（膨胀，扩张） atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at-ectasis birth 肺不张fluid 水肿gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿-emia blood condition leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where-emesis vomiting 呕吐an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血-gen something that produced orpathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of-genesis prouducesproduction 生产producing disease 病菌，病原体spermatogenesis: formation and development of-globin protein 蛋白质spermatozoa in the testes 精了发生hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced-gnosis knowledge by erythrocytes 血红素diagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or-gram image; picturepresence of a disease through knowledge andexaminationelectrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease.Abbr. ECG and EKG Syn. cardiogram心电图-graph（y）process of recording electocardiography: the process of making or记录过程recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录-iasis condition; state情况，状况cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症-iatry/ healing, frequently refers to apodiatry: treatment of foot disorders-iatrics branch of medicine 康复，学的一个分支常指医足部医疗-lith stone cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in thegallbladder 胆结石-logy the study of cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学-logist one who studies and treats urologist: a physician who specializes in the practiceof urology 泌尿科医生-lysis breakdown, destruction hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red bloodcells with release of hemoglobin 溶血-malacia softening osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化-mania extreme compulsion orkleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion preoccupation 强迫症to steal盗窃癖-megaly giant acromegaly: a condition in which there is anenlargement of the facial bones as well as those of thelungs肢端肥大症-metry/ measurement spirometry: measurement of the volume of air-meter inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺（活）量测定（法），呼吸量测定（法）-odynia pain cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛-one hormone荷尔蒙，激素parathormone: which regulates calcium balanceamong the blood, bones, and teeth 甲状旁腺激素-opia a defect in the eye眼睛的毛病myopia: being short-sighted 近视-opsy to view biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopicdiagnosis 活检-osis morbid condition 病态的sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症-osmia smell anosmia: loss of the sense of smell 嗅觉丧失-ostomy process of making an opening intogastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening or a connection between from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach造屡胃造口术-oxia level of oxygen 氧水平hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen inbody tissues组织缺氧-pathy disease; diseased condition ophthalmopathy: any eye disease 眼病-penia deficiency leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood.Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症-pepsia digestion eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好--pexy a fixing or setting firmly in place byhepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver 月干suturing缝合固定固定术-phagia/phag eating; swallowing 吃，吞咽dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing 吞咽困难y-phil attraction 吸弓|，具有吸弓［力的事物basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cellwhich contains granules 嗜碱性粒细胞-phobia fear xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers 对夕卜国人的恐惧，憎恶-plasia formation; development hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of anorgan or tissue增生，数量型肥大-phonia voice dysphonia: difficulty in speaking 发声困难-plasm formation; growth or substance ofcytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell 细胞浆formation-plasty surgical repair osteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone 骨整形术，骨成形术--plegia stroke; paralysis 中风thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke 热射病-pnea breathing eupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸--ptosis a falling, the dropping or sagging ofhepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver an organ器官下移肝下垂-ptysis spitting 分散melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen 黑色痰液;咳黑痰-poiesis production hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用-rrhage/ bursting forth of blood 出血menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during-rrhagia menstruation月经过多-rrhaphy surgical sewing or suturing splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen 脾修补术-rrhea overflow hydrorrhea: watery discharge 液溢-(o)rrhexis splitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac 气羊膜破裂-sarcoma -schesis-sclerosis -scope-scopy -spasm-stasis-stenosis -stomy-tention -therapy--tion-tocia-tome-tomy-tropia -trophy malignant tumor developing fromliposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat connective tissue 脂肪肉瘤a holding back; suppression ofuroschesis: suppression of urine 闭尿，尿潴留discharge阻碍；抑制排放a hardening dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin 硬皮病instrument for viewing stethoscope: an instrument for performingmedicate ausculation 听诊器process of examining visually hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查involuntary contraction angiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles ina blood vessel血管痉挛suppression; stoppage; control;hemostasis: the arrest of bleedingarrest抑制，中止止血，止血法abnormal narrowing of a duct orlaryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynxcanal管、道德异常狭窄喉狭窄surgical opening to the outside ofcolostomy: surgical operation to make an opening the body 造口from the colon 结肠造口术pressure hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压treatment physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physicalmeans物理疗法process hospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院labor; birth 生产embryotocia: abortion 流产tool for incision arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint 关节刀organ 器官的营养、发育or metabolism 营养不艮-uria a condition of the urine (小便) dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难-version turning eversion: a turning outward 夕卜翻，翻转Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixesPrefix Meaning Examplea-/an- without; not aphasia: the inability to understand written orspoken words or to speak meaningfully 失语症ab- away from abortion: expulsion from the uterus 流产ad- to; toward; near adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的acro- a point or tip acronyx: growing into the flesh 嵌甲alb- white albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation 白发病者amb-/ both ambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexually ambi- attracted to both males and famales 双性恋amphi-/ both; both sides amphicentric: beginning and ending in the sameanabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢angioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel 血 管瘤antenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth出生前的，怀孕期的antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression 抗 抑郁剂 audiometry: science of testing hearing 听力测定 autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the body’s ownce|M ：& 抗体bicellular: two cells 两室的biochemistry: chemistry living tissues 生物化学 bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulse rate 心动过缓carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance 致癌物 cataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque 白内障 centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米consanguineous: blood relationship 血亲的，血缘 的，密切的contraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的decagram: ten grams 十克deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10 公升diglossia: a double tongue 使用两种语言 diathermy: process of (treating) through heat透热疗法disintegrate: to come to pieces 分解，破裂 dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint 关节变形echocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart 心 回波描记，超声心动描记术ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤enostosis: benign growth inside a bone 内生骨疣 endocardium: membrane which lines the heart 心 内膜 epidermis: outer layer of skin 表皮ana- Angio- ante- anti-audi- auto- bibio-brady- carcin- cata- centi- co(n)-contra- dedeca-deci- di- dia-dis- dys-echo- ect-/ ecto- en- endo-epi-up; back againa blood vessel before against hearing; sound self two; twiceliving organisms 生命体 slowcarcinoma or cancer 癌；瘤 downwards; under; against; along withone hundredth 百分之一 with or togetheragainstremoval or lossten tenthtwothrough; between; apart; across reversal or separate bad;difficult; disordered soundoutside or outer in; withininside on; overery- red erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell 红细胞eso- inward; within（向内）esotropia: turning inward of the eye 内斜视eu- good eugenics: study of how to improve the human race bygenetic selection 优生学ex-/ exo- out of exhale: to breath out 呼出extra- outside extracapsular: outside a capsule 囊夕卜的hemi- half hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of thebody偏瘫，半身麻痹，半身不遂hydro- water hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in acavity such as the scrotum 阴囊积水hyper- higher or too much hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood 高血糖症hypo- less or too little hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood低血钾in- in or into inbreeding: breeding between a closely related maleand female 近亲交配in- not incoherent: not able to speak in a way which makessense 语无伦次infra- below or beneath infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella 髌inter- between interlobular: between lobules 小叶间的intra- inside intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord髓内itro- into introvert: person who thinks only about himself andhis own mental state 性格内向的人mal- bad or abnormal malfunction: abnormal working of an argan 机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障meta- changes metaplasia: change of one tissue to another 化生，转化，组织变形micro- very small microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell 小红细胞mid- middle midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones 腕骨间的milli- one thousandth milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克mis- error or wrong miscarriage: spontaneous abortion 流产multi- many multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has beenpregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇noct- at night nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urinewhen asleep in bed at night 夜尿症nona- nine or the nineth nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides 九边形octa- eight octan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日发一次的odont- teeth odontology: study of teeth and associated structures,and their disordersonco- tumours oncology: scientific study of new gowths 肿瘤学oro- mouthorolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue 口与舌的pachy- thickening pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body becomeabnormally thick 躯体肥厚pali-/ against; pathologic repetition ^^palindromic: (disease) which recurspalin- 的重复复发的，再发的pan-/pant-/ all pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all thepanto- cellular elements of the blodd 全血细胞减少症para- similar to or near; changed orparalyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so thatbeyond they cannot function 使麻痹，使瘫痪pen-/ five pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urinepenta- 戊糖尿per- through percutaneous: done or administered through the skin经皮的，由皮的peri- aroundpericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder膀胱周炎pero- deformed or defective 畸形有缺陷peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs的四肢不全pharmaco- drugspharmacology: study of drugs or medicines, and their action,properties and characteristics 药理学，药物学pleo-/ too many pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater thanpleio- normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid 多核细胞pluri- morepluriglandular: pertaining to or affecting several glands多线性的pneum-/ air or the lungs; breathing pneumonia: inflammation of a lungpneunmo- 肺炎poly- touching many organs polyphagia: condition where a patient eats too much; morbid desirefor every king of food 多食症，杂食症post- after or later postprandial: after a meal 餐后的pre- before of in front ofpremature: early or before the normal time 过早的，早产presby- old age presbyopia: an old person's sight fai瑙gradually花眼pro-/ before or in front of prognosis: prediction of the outcome of a diseasesupin-/ lying on the back 预测；预后pron- bend forwardquadri-/ four quadruplet or quad: one of four babies born to aquint- five/fifth mother at the same time 四胞胎radio- ray or radiation radiotherapy: treating a disease by exposing the affected part toradioactive 放射疗法semi- half semiptosis: the downward sagging of half or partof an organ轻度睑下垂sub- under submucous: under the mucous membrane 粘膜卜层的；粘膜下的super- above; extremely superalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumin白蛋白过多syn- with; joint syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightlylinked by ligaments 韧带联合supra- tachy- tetra- above; over suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺fast tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速four tetracycline: antibiotic used to treat a wide rangeof bacterial diseases 四环素trans- across; through; beyond transmission: the transfer, as of a disease, fromone person to another 传染tri ultra- three tricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸胎beyond; excess ultrasonics: the science dealing with ultrasonicsound waves超声波学uni- xen(o)- one uniglandular: affecting only one gland 单腺的strange; foreign xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant betweenanimals of different species 异种移植物。
医学专业英语前后缀及词根
•a-[无，缺]▲anemia[贫血]▲ atonia[无张力]▲ asymptomatic[无症状的]▲ amenorrhea[闭经]•ab-[分离]▲ abduct [外展]▲ abscision[切除]•acou (acu)-[听觉]▲ acumeter [听力计]▲ acouophone[助听器]•acro-[肢端]▲ acromegaly[肢端肥大症]▲ acromastitis[乳头炎]•ad (af, an)-[邻近，向上]▲ adrenal [肾上腺]▲ adaxial[近轴的]▲ annexa[附件]•-ad[……侧]▲ ventrad[向腹侧]▲ cephalad[向头侧]•adeno-[腺]▲ adenocyte[腺细胞]▲ adenoidism[腺体病]•adipo-[脂肪]▲ adiposis[肥胖症]▲ adiponecrosis[脂肪坏死] •adreno-[肾上腺]▲adrenocorticoid[肾上腺皮质激素]▲ adrenalin[肾上腺素]▲ adrenal[肾上腺]•-aemia(emia)[血症]▲ bacteremia[菌血症]▲ leukemia[白血病]•-albi (albino)-[白色]▲ albumin[白蛋白]▲ albinism[白化病]•-algesia[痛觉]▲hypoalgesia[痛觉减退]•-algia[痛]▲arthralgia[关节痛]▲cephalgia[头痛]▲neuralgia[神经痛] •alkali-[碱]▲alkalosis[碱中毒]•alveo-[牙槽，小沟]▲alveolitis[牙槽炎]▲alveobronchiolitis[支气管肺泡炎]•ambi-[复，双]▲ ambiopia[复视]▲ ambivert[双重性格]•ambly-[弱]▲amblyopia[弱视]▲amblyaphia[触觉迟钝]•amylo-[淀粉]▲amyloidosis[淀粉酶]▲amylase[淀粉酶]•angio-[血管]▲angiography[血管造影术]▲angioedema[血管性水肿]▲angeitis[脉管炎]▲angiofibroma[血管纤维瘤]•ante-[前]▲antenatal[出生前的]▲anteflexion[前屈]•antero-[前]▲anterolateral[前侧壁]▲anteroventral[前腹侧]•anti-[抗，反]▲antibiotics[抗生素]▲antihypertensives[降压药]▲anticoagulant[抗凝剂]•rarchno-[蛛网膜]▲arachnoiditis[蛛网膜炎]•archo-[肛门，直肠]▲archorrhagia[肛门出血]▲archosyrinx[直肠灌注器]•arterio-[动脉]▲arteriospasm[动脉痉挛]▲arteriosclerosis[动脉硬化]•arthro-[关节]▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺]▲arthrotomy[关节切开术]▲arthritis[关节炎]•-ase[酶]▲oxidase[氧化酶]▲proteinase[蛋白酶]•-asthenia[无力]▲myasthenia[肌无力]▲neurasthenia[神经衰弱]•audio(audito)-[听力]▲audiology[听觉学]▲audiometer[听力计]•auto-[自己]▲autoimmune[自身免疫]▲auto hemotherapy[自体血疗法]•bacilli-[杆菌]▲bacillosis[杆菌病]▲bacilluria[杆菌尿]医学全在.线提供•bacterio-[细菌]▲bacteriology[细菌学]▲bactericide[杀菌剂]•baro-[压力]▲barometer [压力计]▲baroreceptor[压力感受器]•bary-[迟钝]▲barylalia[言语不清]▲baryacusia[听觉迟钝]•bi-[双]▲bicuspid[二尖瓣]]▲bilateral[两侧的]•bili-[胆汁]▲bilirubin[胆红素]•bio-[生命]▲biology[生物学]▲biopsy[活检]•-blast[母细胞]▲spermatoblast[精子细胞]▲melanoblast[成黑色素细胞]▲osteoblast[成骨细胞]•brachy-[短]▲brachypnea[气短]▲brachydactylia[短指畸形]•brady-[迟缓]▲bradycardia[心动过缓]▲bradypsychia[精神不振]•broncho-[支气管]▲bronchoscopy[支气管镜检查]▲bronchiostenosis[支气管痉挛]▲bronchitis[支气管炎] •bronchiolo-[细支气管]▲bronchiolectasis[细支气管扩张] •calci-[钙]▲calcification[钙化]▲calcicosilicosis[钙沉着症] •carbo-[碳]▲carbohydrate[碳水化合物]▲carbohaemia[碳酸血症] •carcino-[癌]▲carcinogen[致癌物]•cardio-[心，贲门]▲cardiotonics[强心剂]▲cardioplasty[贲门成形术]•-cele[疝，肿物]▲omphalocele[脐疝]▲hysterocele[子宫脱垂]▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出] •celio-[腹]▲celialgia[腹痛]▲celioscopy[腹腔镜检查]•-centesis[穿刺]▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺术] ▲abdominocentesis[腹穿] •cephalo-[头]▲cephaloxia[斜颈]▲cephalopathy[头部疾病]▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] •cerebello-[小脑]▲cerebellitis[小脑炎]▲cerebellum[小脑]•cerebro-[大脑]▲cerebritis[大脑炎]▲cerebrology[脑学]•chemo-[化学]▲chemotherapy[化疗]•chloro-[绿，氯]▲chloroform[氯仿]▲chloromycetin[氯霉素]▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] •cholangio-[胆道]▲cholangitis[胆管炎]▲cholangiectasis[胆管扩张] •cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂]▲cholelithiasis[胆石症]▲cholecystitis[胆囊炎]▲cholesterol[胆固醇]•chondro-[软骨]▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤]▲chondrification[骨软化]•chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素]▲chromosome[染色体]•-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂]▲aborticide[堕胎药]•circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口周的]▲circumcision[包皮环切术]•coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂]•colo-[结肠] ▲colotomy[结肠切开术]▲coloptosis[结肠下垂]•colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛]▲colposcope[阴道镜]•con tra-[反，逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证]▲contraceptive[避孕药]•counter-[反，逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂]▲conuterpoison[解毒剂]•cranio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化]▲cranioclasis[碎颅术]•-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术]▲dacryocyst[泪囊]•-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞]▲cytolysis[细胞溶解]•de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒]•dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学]▲dentalgia[牙痛]•-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮]▲dermatology[皮肤病学]▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术]•dextro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右位心]▲dexiotropic[右旋的]•di s-[分离] ▲discission[分离术]▲disinfection[消毒法]•duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎]▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术]•-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛]▲urethrodynia[尿道痛]•dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能不良]▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍]▲dysuria[排尿困难]医学全在线•-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张]▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气]▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张]•-ectomy[切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术]▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术]•-edema[水肿] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿]▲myxedema[粘液性水肿]•-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血]▲helminthemesia[吐虫]•encephalo-[脑] ▲encephaloma[脑瘤]▲encephaledema[脑水肿]•endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎]▲endoscope[内窥镜]•entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎]▲enterovirus[肠病毒]•epi-[上，外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部]•erythro-[红] ▲erythromycin[红霉素]▲erythroderma[红皮病] •esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜]▲esophagitis[食管炎] •extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的]▲extrasystole[额外收缩] •facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫]▲facioplasty[面部成形术] •-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的] ▲uviofast[耐紫外线]•febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] •feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生]▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] •fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞]▲fibrosis[纤维化]•fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额]•-form[形状] ▲oviform[卵形的] ▲granuliform[颗粒状的] •fungi-[真菌，霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂]▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] •gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂]▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎]▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查]▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩]•-gen [原，剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathogen[病原体]▲androgen[雄激素]▲Estrogen[雌激素]•-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的]▲allergenic[变应反应] •giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞]▲gigantism[巨大症]•gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎]▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口腔炎]•glosso-[舌] ▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪]•gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白]▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素]•glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原]▲glycouria[糖尿]•-grade[级，度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计]▲retrograde[逆行性]•-gram[克，图] ▲microgram[微克]▲electroencephalogram[脑电图]•-graph(y)[……仪（法）] ▲electrocardiogram[心电图]▲bronchography[支气管造影术]•gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学]▲gynecopathy[妇科病]•hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白]▲hematoma[血肿]•hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]▲hemicrania[偏头病]•hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎]▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化]▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大]•hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症]▲anhidrosis[无汗症]•histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学]▲histomorphology[组织形态学]•holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻]▲holoenzyme[全酶]•homo-[同] ▲homotype[同型]▲homologue[同系物]▲homoplasty[同种移植术]•hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardium[心包积水]▲hydrolysis [水解]•hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症]▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢]•hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药]▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法]•hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压]▲hypoglycemia[低血糖]•hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛]▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂]•-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症]▲pyrexia[发热]•-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学]▲geriatrics[老年病学]•-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学]▲pediatry[儿科学]•immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白]▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法]•infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的]▲infrared[红外线]•inter-[间] ▲intervertebral[椎间的]▲intercellular[细胞间的]•intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的]▲intracranial[颅内的]▲intramuscular[肌肉内的]•-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家]▲anatomist[解剖学家]•-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎]▲myocarditis[心肌炎] •leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带]▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多]▲leukemia[白血病]•lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多]▲lipase[脂酶]•-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结石]▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] •-logy[学] ▲terminology[术语学]▲Cardiology[心脏病学] •lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的]▲lumbago[腰背痛]▲lumbodynia[腰痛] •lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿]▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少]•-lysis(lytic)[松解，分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术]▲spasmolytic[解痉的] •macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞]▲macromolecule[大分子] •mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养不良]▲malfunction[功能不全] •-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly[心扩大]▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] •meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎]▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎]•meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经]▲menopause[停经] •-meter[表，计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计]▲pyrometer[高温表]•-metry[测量法] ▲iodometry[碘定量法]•micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵]▲microliter[微升]•mono-[单-] ▲mononucleosis[单核细胞增多]▲monomer[单体]•multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的]▲multipara[经产妇]•myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出]▲myelocyte[髓细胞]•myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎]▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤]•naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜]▲nasitis[鼻炎]•neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤]▲neomycin[新霉素]•nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病]▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变]•neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤]▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎]•non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质]▲nonfetal[非致命的]•nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇]▲nulligravida[未孕妇]•nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养]▲nutrology[营养学]•oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生]▲oculus dexter[右眼]▲oculus sinister[左眼]•oligo-[少] ▲oligophrenia[智力发育不全]▲oliguria[少尿]•-oma[肿瘤] ▲adenoma[腺瘤]▲osteoma[骨瘤]•onco-[肿瘤] ▲oncology[肿瘤学]▲oncogene[癌基因]医.学全在.线提供•ophthalmo-[眼] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出]▲ophthalmoplegia[眼肌麻痹]•-osis[病] ▲cirrhosis[肝硬化]▲mycosis[霉菌病]•osteo-[骨] ▲osteomalacia[骨软化]▲osteoarthritis[骨关节炎]•oto-[耳] ▲otolith[耳石]▲otoplasty[耳成形术]▲otopyosis[耳化脓]•pan-[全] ▲panimmunity[多种免疫]▲pantalgia[全身痛]▲pantatrophia[全身营养不良]•-para[产妇] ▲primipara[初产妇]▲nullipara[未产妇]•-pathy[病] ▲dermatopathy[皮肤病]▲Cardiomyopathy[心肌病]•pedia-[儿童] ▲pediatrician[儿科医师]▲pediatrics[儿科学]•-penia[减少] ▲leucopenia[白细胞减少]▲thrombopenia[血小板减少]•per-[经] ▲percutaneous[经皮肤的]•peri-[周围] ▲pericarditis[心包炎]▲perianal[肛周的]•pharmaco-[药] ▲pharmacokinetics[药代动力学]▲physicochemistry[药典]•physio-[物理▲physiotheraphy[理疗]▲physicochemistry[物理化学]•-plasty[成形术] ▲angioplasty[血管成形术]▲homoplasty[同种移植]▲gastroplasty[胃成形术] •-plegia[瘫] ▲paraplegia[截瘫] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]•pleuro-[胸膜] ▲pleuritis[胸膜炎]▲pleurocentesis[胸腔穿刺术]•-pnea[呼吸] ▲orthopnea[端坐呼吸]▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] •pneumo-[气，肺] ▲pneumothorax[气胸]▲pneumococcus[肺炎球菌] •poly-[多] ▲polyuria[多尿]▲polycholia[胆汗过多] •post-[后] ▲postpartum[产后] ▲postoperation[术后]•pre-[前] ▲premenopause[绝经前期]▲premature[早搏]▲preload[前负荷]•pseudo-[假] ▲psudohypertrophy[假性肥大]▲psudomembranous[假膜的] •psycho-[精神，心理] ▲psychology[心理学]▲psychiatry[精神病学]•-ptosis[下垂] ▲nephroptosis[肾下垂]▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] •-ptysis[咯] ▲pyoptysis[咯脓] ▲hemoptysis[咯血]•pyo-[脓] ▲pyorrhea[溢脓]▲pyosis[化脓]•radio-[放射] ▲radiotherapy[放疗]▲radiology[放射学]•recto-[直肠] ▲rectitis[直肠炎]▲rectectomy[直肠切除术]•retino-[视网膜] ▲retinitis[视网膜炎]▲retinodialysis[视网膜分离]•rhino-[鼻] ▲rhinitis[鼻炎]▲rhinorrhea[鼻漏]•-rrhagia[出血] ▲gastorrhagia[胃出血]▲hemorrhage[出血]▲pneumorrhagia[肺出血]•-rrhaphy[缝合术] ▲neurorrhaphy[神经缝合术]▲Vasorrhaphy[输卵管缝合术]•-rrhea[流出] ▲diarrhea[腹泻]▲menorrhea[月经]•schisto-[裂] ▲schistosomiasis[血吸虫病]▲schistoglossia[舌裂]•scirrho-[硬] ▲scirrhosarca[硬皮病]▲scirrhoma[硬癌]•sclero-[硬] ▲scleroderma[硬皮病]▲sclerometer[硬度计]•-scope(y)[镜，检查] ▲stethoscope[听诊器]▲otoscope[耳镜]▲proctoscopy[直肠镜检查法]•semi-[半] ▲semicoma[半昏迷]▲semiliquid[半流汁]•spondylo-[脊椎] ▲spondylopathy[脊椎病]▲spondylitis[脊椎炎]医.学全,在.线,提供•-stomy[造口术] ▲colostomy[结肠造口术]▲ilecolostomy[回结肠吻合术]•sub-[下，亚] ▲subacute[亚急性]▲subabdominal[下腹部的]•super-[在…上] ▲superficial[浅的]▲superoxide[超氧化物]•supra-[上] ▲supraventricular[室上性的]▲suprarenalism[肾上腺机能亢进]•tachy-[快] ▲tachycardia[心动过速]▲tachypnea[呼吸急促]•-therapy[治疗] ▲massotherapy[按摩治疗]▲pharmacotherapy[药物治疗]•thermo-[热] ▲thermometer[温度计]▲thermatology[热疗学]•thrombo-[血栓，血小板] ▲thrombolysis[溶栓]▲thrombocytopenia[血小板减少症]▲thrombosis[血]•-tomy[切开术] ▲tracheotomy[气管切开术]▲ovariotomy[卵巢切开术]•tracheo-[气管] ▲tracheoscope[气管镜]▲tracheorrhagia[气管出血]•trans-[经，转移] ▲transurethral[经尿道]▲transfusion[输血]•-trophy[营养] ▲dystrophy[营养不良]▲atrophy[萎缩]•ultra-[超过] ▲ultraviolet[紫外线]▲ultrasound[超声]•utero-[子宫] ▲uteroscope[子宫镜]▲uterotonic[宫缩剂]•vaso-[血管] ▲vasomotion[血管舒缩]▲Vasodilator[血管扩张剂]1．人体主要器官前缀名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例心heart cardiao- cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology脑brain encepholo- cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lung pulmo- pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liver hepato- hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomach gastro- gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆gallbladder chole- biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠intestine entero- intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleen splen- splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾kidney nephro- renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例血blood hemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vessel vaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉vein veno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉artery arterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis 肌muscle myo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrow myel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerve neur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cell cyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urine uro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital体body somato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3．与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六hexa- hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八 octa- octahedral/octal system九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例色color chrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红red erythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白white leuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑black melano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellow xantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝blue cyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫 violet/purple绿 green棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring橙orange Victoria orange/ethylorange/orange G粉红 pink oink frothy sputum绯红 crimson青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义前（后）缀形容词示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy -pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis -oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少-penia -penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopeni a小/微-let droplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronu cleus大/巨macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macroph age-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatome galy复合/多poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemi c6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义前（后）缀示例相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability 困难/障碍dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea坏死-necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermi a结石litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes 7．与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例上upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous 前front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis /pre-后back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac 内inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial间between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse 旁/副on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周around peri- perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum 中心central centri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/对opposite counter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication注：in vivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；insitu/in’saitju:/原位8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割） -tome tracheotome/thoracotome吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography经… trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。