2020届北京市通州区高考英语一模试卷解析版
高考英语一模试卷题号I II III IV V总分得分一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AI was in the seventh grade，and we had moved to New Jersey in November．By then，everyone already had had their own friends，and no one wanted to talk to a new girl．To make things worse，they put me in "Section L"．I found out later that everyone called Section L "Loserville"．It was sort of an open secret that it was the section for troublemakers and not-so-smart kids．When I found out，I wanted to scream．I had always been a good student and had amazing friends，and now everyone thought I was a loser!I did text my friends in Illinois almost every night，especially my best friend，Ana．At first my friends wanted to hear all about it．But then some stopped texting back once I said something about how miserable I was．One night when I was texting with Ana，I complained about another friend who had just done that．Ana's texts came really fast for the next few minutes and they surprised me．She said that she was tired of hearing about how bad everything was in New Jersey，too．She said she did not want to hurt my feelings but that I needed to stop feeling so sorry for myself all the time，I had to try to make things better．The next day，I thought a lot about what Ana had said．She was right!I wish I could say that everything changed overnight after that，but it didn't．I was still stuck in "Loserville"，and some people were still mean to me，even though I tried to just stay out of their way．But what did change was me-I stopped feeling so sorry for myself and did something about making friends．I signed up to make sets for the school play．I met a lot of new people there ，and suddenly I had friends to say hi to in the halls!I still miss Illinois sometimes，but life in New Jersey isn't so hard anymore．Even though I couldn't change my situation，I could change my attitude-and that made all the difference．1."Loserville" is a section for ______ ．A. failuresB. good studentsC. class secretsD. newcomers2.The writer complained all the time in the new environment because ______ ．A. Ana didn't text back to herB. her friends hurt her feelingsC. she was unfairly treatedD. she was a good student3.What made a difference in changing the situation？______A. She went back to Illinois．B. She ended friendship with Ana．C. She fought back with her classmates．D. She began to make friends with others．4.The best title for the passage can be ______ ．A. Lasting FriendshipB. An Incidence at SchoolC. Say Goodbye to "Loserville"D. Unhappiness in "Loserville"BThese days everyone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint．In order to reduce global warming，we need to make our carbon footprints smaller．But how much CO are we responsible for？A new book by Mike Berners-Lee （a leading expert in carbon foot-printing）might be able to help．The Carbon Foot print of Everything looks at the different things we do and buy，and calculates the amount of CO2 they produce，including the ingredients，the electricity，the equipment，the transport and the packaging．And it's frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces．But all of this can help us decide which beer to drink．From Berners-Lee's calculations，it's clear that a pint （568 ml）of locally-brewed （酿制的）beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer．This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away，and it uses more packaging．The local beer only produces 300 g of CO2-but the imported beer produces 900 g! So，one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign beer from the supermarket．Berners-Lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work．Nothing is more environmentally - friendly than riding a bike，surely？Well，it depends on what you've had to eat before．To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food．So，if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half，our footprint is 65 g of CO2．However，if we eat bacon before the bike ride，it's 200g．In fact，bananas are good in general because they don't need packaging．They can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight．So，does this mean that cycling is bad for the environment？Absolutely not．If you cycle，you don t use your car；and the fewer cars on the road，the fewer traffic jams．And cars in traffic jams produce three times more CO2 than cars travelling at speed．Cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to a hospital．And hospitals have very big carbon footprints! So，maybe it's time for us all to start making some changes．Pass me a banana and a pint of local beer，please．5.Which of the followings produces the smallest carbon footprints？______A. A pint of local beer．B. A bottle of imported beer．C. A banana before a 1.5 km bike ride．D. Bacon before a 1.5 km bike ride．6.According to the article，the author suggests choosing the local food because it is______ ．A. more tastyB. easier to buyC. better packagedD. more energy-saving7.The purpose of writing this article is to ______ ．A. promote a new bookB. advertise the imported beerC. instruct how to measure the carbon footprintD. encourage people to reduce the production of CO2CMost adults firmly believe that as kids reach their teens，they start to take crazy risks that get them in trouble. Do teenagers simply love taking all risks much more than adults? A recent study suggests otherwise.Scientists designed a simple experiment involving 33 teenagers and three other age groups. In the experiment, the researchers tried to distinguish between two very different kinds ofrisk-taking. The first they called a willingness to take known risks (when the probability of winning is clear) and the second they called a willingness to take unknown risks (when the possibility of success is uncertain).The study offered participants the opportunity to play two kinds of games. They had the chance to win money，with one game offering a known risk and the other offering an unknown risk. On each round of the game，each participant had to choose between taking a sure $ 5 and known or unknown risks of winning a lot more. If on one particular round they had picked the $ 5 for sure choice, then they got $ 5. But if on that round they had chosen to take a risk, the rules of the game will determine whether or not they had won. If they did win，they went home with between $8 and $125. And，of course, if they lost, they went home with nothing.What the scientists found was really quite surprising. It turned out that the average teenager was very hesitant when risks were known—more careful than college students or parent-aged adults，and about as careful as grandparent-aged adults. This means that when the risks were known, teenagers were not risky in their behavior at all. Only when the risks were unclear did teenagers choose them more often than other groups. Under those kinds of conditions, they were much more willing to take a risk than any other group.So，what does all of this mean? The research suggests that adults should probably focus more energy on trying to educate teenagers about risks than limiting them. Teenagers who understand the risks associated with a decision are more likely to be careful in their behavior.8.This experiment was carried out by ________.A. dividing the teens into three groupsB. comparing the reactions to different risksC. giving equal amount of awards to the participantsD. observing the emotional changes of the teenagers9.When facing known risks，teenagers tended to be ________.A. ambitiousB. cautiousC. anxiousD. curious10.Which group in the study were more likely to take unknown risks?A. Teenagers.B. College students.C. Parent-aged adults.D. Grandparent-aged adults.11.According to the study，parents should focus on ________.A. guaranteeing children to be careful.B. setting age limits on dangerous activitiesC. respecting teens to make their own choicesD. guiding teens to learn more about the effect of risksDShark attacks not only disturb beach activities，but can affect associated tourist industries．Shark nets are a common solution to preventing shark attacks on beaches，but they cause dangers to sea ecosystems．Seeking a cost-effective way to monitor beach safety over large areas，we have developed a system called Shark Spotter．It combines artificial intelligence （AI），computing power，and drone （无人机）technology to identify and warn lifesavers to sharks near swimmers．The project is a cooperation between the University of Technology Sydney and The RipperGroup，which is pioneering the use of drones-called "Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers"-in the search and rescue movement in Australia．SharkSpotter can detect sharks and other potential threats using real-time aerial imagery．The system analyses video from a camera attached to a drone to monitor beaches for sharks，send warnings，and conduct rescues．Developed with techniques known as "deep learning"，the Shark Spotter system receives imagery from the drone camera and attempts to identify all objects in the scene．Once certain objects are detected，they are put into one of 16 categories：shark，whale，dolphin，rays，different types of boats，surfers，and swimmers．If a shark is detected，Shark Spotter provides both a visual sign on the computer screen and an audible warning to the operator．The operator confirms the warning and sends text messages from the Shark Spotter system to the Surf Life Savers for further action．In an emergency，the drone is equipped with a lifesaving flotation pod （漂浮仓）together with an electronic shark repellent （驱逐装置）that can be dropped into the water in cases where swimmers are in severe trouble，trapped in a rip，or if there are sharks close by．In January 2018，the Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers was used to rescue two young swimmers caught in a rip at Lennox Head，NSW．The drone flew down the beach some 800 meters from the lifeguard station，and a lifesaving flotation pod was dropped from the drone．The complete rescue operation took 70 seconds．We believe Shark Spotter is a win-win for both marine life and beachgoers．This unique technology combines dynamic video image processing AI and advanced drone technology to creatively deal with the global challenge of ensuring safe beaches，protecting environments，and promoting tourism．12. A Shark Spotter is ______ ．A. a solution to monitor sharksB. an equipment to identify lifesaversC. a technology to prevent shark attacksD. a project to pioneer the use of drones13.When a shark is spotted near a swimmer，the system will ______ ．A. take timely actionB. analyze the visual dataC. classify the identified objectsD. turn on "deep learning" mode14.The example in the 5th paragraph shows us that the system is ______ ．A. efficient in saving livesB. effective in detecting sharksC. smart in driving sharks awayD. practical over the whole sea area15.What is the author's attitude towards the future of SharkSpotter？______A. Doubtful．B. Optimistic．C. Negative．D. Objective．二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Nowadays，WeChat is about expressing our opinions and Weibo is about collecting things we like．Both of them develop our self-focus．Self-focus simply means you pay attention to how you feel，think and behave．Self-focus isn't naturally a bad thing．Particularly in individualistic （个人主义的）cultures，we value our ability to be self-aware．(1) Unfortunately，when you are regularly focusing on yourself，you'll notice any dissatisfaction，anxiety，or general discomfort you might not have otherwise．(2) As a result，self-focus contributes to a wide range of mental health problems like anxiety．But quitting technology is no longer a practical solution．(3) For example，don't post about things you did，which focuses your attention on yourself．Instead，you could share advice and words of support from your smart phone．As a result，you'll feel better，and so will the people around you．Do you like to take selfies （自拍）？It's easy to take a quick picture of yourself to show what you re doing，or how you re feeling．But paying attention to ourselves often makes us feel worse．(4) Do your best to highlight （突出）the wonderful things that make them special．In this way，you won't focus so much on your bad hair day，and you will get along better with your friends．(5) But if we can learn to move the focus off ourselves and onto doing good for others，technology can help us grow．Anyway，the point is that it's up to you to handle the ability of your self-focus．A．Too much self-focus means few friends．B．Self-focus is generally helpful in daily life．C．Therefore，try taking pictures of your friends．D．In fact，we can use technology in ways that are less self-focused．E．By bringing your attention to those negative emotions，you strengthen them．F．We want to know who we are and why we do what we do to uncover possible ways to improve our lives．G．Technology-when used in certain ways is having negative effects on our mental health and well-being．16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）"Sara，don't forget your promise to me that you will mow （割草）Mrs．Martin's yard this weekend，" said Dad．"Don't let me down．"Sara was the oldest child in the family，and one of her chores was to mow their yard．Mrs．Martin，their (21) neighbor，was unable to take care of her yard in her 70s，so Sara's dad had (22)Sara for this job．(23) Mrs．Martin's yard was not big，Sara knew the job would go quickly．However，she still disliked her dad's (24)．"Why didn't you ask me first？" Sara had(25)．"Did you ask me first when you volunteered me to be in the school festival last fall？" asked Sara's father．"Well，no，I didn't ask you first，(26)you would have done those things anyway．You're always (27) to help．""I (28) when I can．" Dad answered．"Sara，we have known Mrs．Martin for a very long time．She has often(29)our family．Now we can do something for her．(30)，the feeling you get from helping someone makes you(31) who is really helping whom．""I don't know，Dad，" said Sara．"The only feeling I get from mowing our yard is(32)．""Just you wait and see，" said DadAfter breakfast，Sara made her way to Mrs．Martin's yard．She was good at her job and soon had Mrs．Martins yard looking (33)．Mrs．Martin came outside with a big glass of orange juice and (34) it to her．Sara stopped her work and (35)enjoyed the drink，while Mrs ．Martin talked to her about all of the flowers in her yard．Seeing the(36) in Mrs．Martin's eyes，Sara began to understand how much the yard (37) to Mrs．Martin．After finishing her drink，Sara returned to work with a new (38)．A warm feeling began to (39) through her body．Her dad was (40)．It was hard to tell who was helping whom!21. A. strange B. new C. aged D. faithful22. A. guided B. volunteered C. ordered D. forced23. A. Once B. Since C. Unless D. Although24. A. promise B. argument C. permission D. introduction25. A. replied B. suggested C. complained D. announced26. A. but B. so C. or D. for27. A. proud B. willing C. afraid D. fortunate28. A. choose B. succeed C. hesitate D. try29. A. respected B. changed C. protected D. helped30. A. Besides B. Instead C. Therefore D. Otherwise31. A. imagine B. explore C. worry D. wonder32. A. scared B. moved C. tired D. relaxed33. A. tidy B. alive C. empty D. messy34. A. threw B. delivered C. offered D. sold35. A. eagerly B. generously C. carefully D. gratefully36. A. determination B. peace C. curiosity D. joy37. A. related B. meant C. belonged D. referred38. A. attitude B. wisdom C. inspiration D. expectation39. A. exist B. fly C. spread D. break40. A. unusual B. right C. serious D. helpful四、语法填空（本大题共3小题，共15.0分）41.I have been to many places as a news reporter．In India，I visited a city where therewere many (1) （home）children．Some were as young as four years old．They lived in the streets (2) survived by begging or stealing．But then a wonderful lady (3) （call ）Rosa opened a home for them．Within one year，she was looking after two hundred children．She clothed them，fed them and taught them．She gave them hope．42.Online shopping (1) （welcome）by most people due to various reasons．For theconsumers，it can save some time for the people (2) don't have much spare time．Just clicking the mouse，they can get what they want (3) staying at home．For the sellers，it can cut some costs for those without enough circulating funds．Compared with the traditional trade mode，they don't have to spend money in (4) （rent）a house．43.Peter worked (1) a night watchman in a small factory．One morning his boss came inwith a suitcase．He said to Peter，I'm going to New York tomorrow．See you．Peter said，"Oh，you mustn't go．The factory owner asked him why．Peter answered that he (2) （have）a nightmare the night before．In the dream，he had seen the next day's plane to New York crash over the Atlantic Ocean．Peter's boss (3) （immediate）cancelled his ticket and stayed in the office．The plane crashed；the boss thanked Peter and gave him a big present．Then he fired him．五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共35.0分）44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim对中国文化很感兴趣．他即将过生日，你给他准备了一件礼物并写信给他，内容包括：1．生日祝福；2．礼物介绍；3．选择该礼物的原因．注意：1．词数不少于50；2．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．Dear Jim，Yours，Li Hua45.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你组织戏剧社成员排演《雷雨》参加学校戏剧节的全过程，并以"Putting Thunderstorm on the School Stage"为题，给校刊"英语角"写一篇英文稿件．词数不少于60．Putting Thunderstorm on the School Stage答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】C【小题3】D【小题4】C【解析】1．A 推理判断题．根据第一段的It was sort of an open secret that it was the section for troublemakers and not-so-smart kids，这是一个公开的秘密，那是为为捣乱者和不那么聪明的孩子准备的，可推知在这个坐区的不会是那些好学生，排除B项；C项是指班里的秘密而不是指人，因此排除；D项指新来的学生，与troublemaker以及not-so-smart kids 的意义相去甚远，因此A正确．2．C推理判断题．根据第一段的I had always been a good student and had amazing friends ，and now everyone thought I was a loser，我一直是个好学生，有着很棒的朋友，现在大家都认为我是个失败者，可知作者收到了不公正的对待，故选C．3．D推理判断题．根据倒数第二段的But what did change was me-I stopped feeling so sorry for myself and did something about making friends，改变的使我，我不再为自己感到难过，我开始去交朋友，可知交朋友改变了当时的局面，故选D．4．C标题概括题．文章讲述了作者搬到新泽西后，在学校里受到了不公正的对待---被安排在失败者的坐区---Section L．一开始作者一直在抱怨，后来老朋友的话让她反思自己的做法．她不再抱怨，去结交朋友，从而改变了局面，不再被看作是个loser．C项即表示告别失败者坐区，又表示告别原来的态度，故选C．文章讲述了作者搬到新泽西后，在学校里受到了不公正的对待---被安排在失败者的坐区---Section L．一开始作者一直在抱怨，后来老朋友的话让她反思自己的做法．她不再抱怨，去结交朋友，从而改变了局面，不再被看作是个loser．阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．5.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】D【小题3】D【解析】1．C细节题．根据第三段" The local beer only produces 300 g of CO2-but the imported beer produces 900 g!本地啤酒只生产300克二氧化碳，而进口啤酒生产900克！"再根据第四段" To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food． So，if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half， our footprint is 65 g of CO2．However， if we eat bacon before the bike ride， it's 200g．要骑自行车，我们需要能源，而能源，我们需要食物．所以，如果我们吃香蕉，然后骑一公里半，我们的碳足迹是65克二氧化碳．但是，如果我们在骑车之前吃熏肉，那是200克．"可知骑自行车前吃香蕉产生的二氧化碳最少．故选C．2．D 细节理解．根据第三段" This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away，and it uses more packaging．The local beer only produces 300 g of CO2-but the imported beer produces 900 g! 这是因为进口啤酒是从很远的地方运来的，而且使用了更多的包装．地啤酒只生产300克二氧化碳，而进口啤酒生产900克！"可知本地的东西比进口的少了包装，所以更节省能源．故选D．3．D 主旨大意．通读全文可知文章是号召大家采取行动减少温室气体的排放的．故选D．本文是一篇说明文．文章是号召大家采取行动减少温室气体的排放，以及一些具体的做法．1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换．3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章起义8.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4】D【解析】1.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
2020-2021学年北京市通州区潞河中学分校高三英语一模试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年北京市通州区潞河中学分校高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABritain's brilliant bridges have aided trade and brought communities together and are always the most exciting part of the journey. These must-see bridges are now tourist attractions in their own right.Clifton Suspension Bridge, BristolDescribed byits legendary engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel as “my first love, my darling”, in was originally designed for horse-drawn traffic. Now, more than four million vehicles a year cross the 1,352ft-Jong toll (收费) bridge over the Avon Gorge. The £ l toll for every journey pays for its repair. The history of the bridge, dating back to 1864, is kept alive through a programme of tours, events and exhibitions.Infinity Bridge, Stockton-On-TeesA pedestrian and cycle footbridge across the River Tees, its working title was the North Shore Footbridge, before it was given its grander name when opened in 2009. It is particularly spectacular (壮观) at night. The arches of the bridge are also lit white and, on calm nights, their reflection in the water appears as an infinity symbol, thereby inspiring the name which was chosen by the public.Tower Bridge, LondonAn engineering wonder built from thousands of tons of Cornish granite, Portland stone and steel, it took construction workers eight years to complete. More than 120 years old, it's a popular tourist attraction, as well as a functional bridge. Visitors can take in the views over the capital and experience seeing London life through the Glass Floor.Iron Bridge, ShropshireOpened in 1781, this is the first arch bridge in the world to be made out of cast iron. Recognised as one of the great symbols of the industrial revolution, it transformed the cart of bridge building and was a crucial factor in the development of the iron trade in Shropshire.1.Which bridge has the longest history?A.Clifton Suspension Bridge.B.Infinity Bridge.C.Tower Bridge.D.Iron Bridge.2.What can we know about Infinity Bridge?A.People can just walk on it.B.The public give it two names.C.It's well worth visiting at night.D.It's arch is the biggest on the earth.3.What do Clifton Suspension Bridge and Tower Bridge have in common?A.They are both over 120 years old.B.Visitors should pay for passing them.C.They have the same original design.D.Visitors can have a good view of London on them.BBabies who frequently communicate with their caregivers using eye contact and vocalisations(发声)at the age of one are more likely to develop greater languages skills by the time they reachtwo,according to new research.In the study, researchers looked at 11-and 12-month-od babies' vocalisations. gestures and gaze behaviours ,and at how their caregivers responded to them.To measure he interactions ,the researchers videoed infants(婴儿)and caregiver at home,and asked them to play as usual.They took those recordings back to the universityThe scientists then used statistical models to find that the best predictor of vocabulary at 24 months was when infants were seen to use vocalsatioms while looking at their caregiver's face when they were about a year old.The benefits were even greater when these interactions were followed by responses from the caregiver.The statistics showed that at 19 months,children had an average of about 100 words.Those who exhibited the beneficial interactive behaviour earlier in life were seen to have an average of about 30 extra words."The message of this paper is thatitis the result of a joint effort; noticing what your child is attending to and talking to them about it will support their language development." said McGillion, a co-author of the work."The joy of this message is that that can happen in any context... across any part of your day.It's not something that requires special equipment or even lots of time.I can happen when you're doing the laundry,for example—when you're taking out the socks, you can talk about socks...in the park, in the car, at mealtimes,at bathtimes.This finding can be used in any context,"added McGillion."This is a developmental snapshot in the first year of life, but children are constantly growing and changing and so are their behaviours. It would be interesting to look at these sorts of behaviours again as children progress through the second year of life to see what's happening there,"said Donnellan,the lead author on the study.4. How did the researchers get the findings?A. By interacting with babies.B. By asking babies to vocalize.C. By analyzing relevant recordings.D. By referring to the previous statistics.5. What does he underlined word "it"in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Infants' eye contact.B. Infants' larger vocabulary.C. The response from caregivers.D. The best predictor of vocabulary.6. What did McGilion say about infants' interactive behaviour?A. I's easy to perform.B. It's complex to understand.C. It's difficult to copy.D. It's interesting to video.7. What might further studies be on?A. Children's academic progress.B. Children's growing environment.C. Children's potential physical development.D. Children's behaviours across more age ranges.CWe all know that a healthy lifemeans getting both plenty of exercise and enough good-quality sleep, but reality often gets in the way. The new research indicates that doing enough exercise could make up for some of the unhealthy impacts of bad sleep. While the health benefits of exercise and sleep are nothing new, it's the relationship between them that is interesting in this particular study — it could even give doctors another option to suggest for patients dealing with sleep problems.“We found those who had both the poorest sleep quality and who exercised the least were most at risk of death from heart disease, stroke, and cancer,” says epidemiologist Bo-Huei Huang, from the University of Sydney in Australia.Participants were grouped into three levels of physical activity (high, medium or low) and were also given a sleep quality score from 0-5 based on the amount of shut-eye they got, how late they stayed up, insomnia, snoring and daytime sleepiness.Those with the highest risk of dying from cancer or heart disease during the study period were those with the worst quality sleep and who didn't meet the WHO recommended guidelines for exercise. That risk went down for people with poor quality sleep but who did meet the exercise guidelines.In the case of all forms of cancer, for example, those at the unhealthiest end of the sleep and exercise scale had a 45 percent higher risk of dying from cancer than those with good sleep scores who kept physically active. However, that risk just about disappeared for those who didn't score well on sleep but did score well on physical activity.For now it's not clear why more exercise might make up for poor sleep, as far as our health goes. It could be that the increased activity iscounteractinginflammation (炎症), or reducing irregularities in glucose metabolism, suggest the researchers.“Considering that physical activity is perhaps more modifiable than sleep, our study offers people more health incentives to be physically active.” says population health researcher Emmanuel Stamatakis, from the University of Sydney.8. This research is of particular interest in that ________.A. it’s in this study that exercise is known to be beneficial to sleep.B. this study offers people more health treatments to be physical active.C. it could enable doctors to cure patients of their sleeping condition.D. the relationship between exercise and sleep is updated in this study.9. Which of the following statements istrueaccording to the passage?A. Those who had the poorest sleep quality were most at risk of death from heart disease.B. Those scoring lowest on sleep and exercise scale were more likely to die from cancer.C. There’s no risk of cancer for those who didn't sleep well but did score well on physical activity.D. It's evident that in terms of health more exercise could make up for poor sleep.10. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 6 mean?A. interactingB. increasingC. preventingD. causing11. Where can this passage most probably be taken from?A. A research findings reportB. A medical examination reportC. A poor sleep study reportD. A physical activity study reportDFollowing the Famous Silk RoadsThe Silk Roads were a networkof ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to theMediterranean. A key section of the Silk Roads is the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor（走廊）, whichstretchesover a distance of around 5,000 kilometres through China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, covering a total of 8,700 kilometres of trade routes. The three countries jointly pursued an application for UNESCO World Heritage (遗产) status which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor. This made history as the first successful multinational World Heritage application.The starting point of the corridor and the entire Silk Roads network isXi’an, inShanxiProvince. Further west on the Silk Roads, the geography gradually changes from wild deserts to high, snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through theTianshanMountainsand emerge in the valleys ofCentral Asia. Although the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor of the Silk Roads ends here, the network continues westwards until it reaches theMediterranean.The corridor began to develop in the 2nd century. Assigned by the emperor, the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang’an toCentral Asia, seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. Following Zhang’s efforts, trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time, with the routes network reaching as far as theRoman Empire.Economic activities along the routes network were not limited to trade in silk. They contributed many other items to the marketplace of goods. The routes were busy with camels carrying loads of goods and businessmen selling everything imaginable.China’s exports included silk, porcelain, ironware and tea, while horses, jewellery, spices and grapes were all imported over vast distances from the West.In addition to trade exchange, the network served as a bridge for cultural exchange which shaped the evolution of science, art, technology and many other areas in societies along the network. Astronomy and mathematics were introduced toChinafromIndiaandArabia; important Chinese inventions such as papermaking and printing were brought to the West.All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansion as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods,knowledge and ideas. These routes connected Eastern and Western civilizations, which achieved a shared development. The addition of the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor to the UNESCO World Heritage List is a milestone in recognition of the Silk Roads as a crucial part of humanity’s common heritage.12. The key section of the Silk Roads is________.A. the MediterraneanB. Xi’an, inShanxiProvinceC.KazakhstanandKyrgyzstanD. the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor13. The underlined word “stretches” in Paragraph 1 is close in meaning to________.A. standsB. spreadsC. movesD. flies14. Zhang Qian travelled from Chang’an toCentral Asiato________.A. export silk, porcelain, ironware and teaB. purchase horses, jewellery, spices and grapesC. seek help from the most powerful western countriesD. build bridges between his country and other countries15. What was the role of the Silk Roads according to the passage?A. It helped to change the wild deserts to grasslands.B. It was recognized by the UNESCO asChina’s heritage.C. It speeded up the development of the countries involved.D. It started a trade competition between countries along the way.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年北京二中通州分校高三英语一模试题及答案
2020-2021学年北京二中通州分校高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA medical capsule robot is a small,often pill-sized device that can do planned movement inside the body after being swallowed or surgically inserted. Most models use wireless electronics or magnets or a combination of the two to control the movement of the capsule. Such devices have been equipped with cameras to allow observation and diagnosis, with sensors that “feel,” and even with mechanical needles that administer drugs.But in practice, Biomechatronics engineer Pietro Valdastri has found that developing capsule models from scratch (从头开始) is costly, time-consuming and requires advanced skills. “The problem was we had to do them from scratch every time,” said Valdastri in an interview. “And other research groups were redeveloping those same modules from scratch, which didn’t make sense.”Since most of the capsules have the same parts of components: a microprocessor, communication submodules, an energy source, sensors, and actuators (致动器), Valdastri and his team made the modular platform in which the pieceswork in concertand can be interchanged with ease. They also developed a flexible board on which the component parts are snapped in like Legos. The board can be folded to fit the body of the capsule, down to about 14 mm. Additionally, they compiled (编译) a library of components that designers could choose from, enabling hundreds of different combinations. They arranged it all in a free online system. Designers can take the available designs or adapt them to their specific needs.“Instead of redeveloping all the modules from scratch, people with limited technological experience can use our modules to build their own capsule robots in clinical use and focus on their innovation,” Valdastri said.Now, the team has designed a capsule equipped with a surgical clip to stop internal bleeding. Researchers at Scotland’s Royal Infirmary of Edinburg have also expressed interest in using the system to make a crawling capsule that takes images of the colon(结肠). One research group, led by professors at the Institute of Digestive Disease of the Chinese University of HongKong, is making a swimming capsule equipped with a camera that pushes itself through the stomach.One limitation of Valdastri’s system is that it’s only for designing models. Researchers can confirm their hypotheses (假设) and do first design using the platform, but will need to move to a custom approach to develop their capsules further and make them practical for clinical use.1. According to the passage, Valdastri and his team created the platform to ________.A. adopt the latest technologiesB. make their robots dream come trueC. help build specialized capsule robotsD. do preciser observation and diagnosis2. What does the underlined phrase “work in concert” mean in Para.3?A. Perform live.B. Run independently.C. Act in a cooperative way.D. Carry on step by step.3. What can be learnt from the passage?A. Valdastri’s system can’t provide a complete capsule creation.B. The modular platform is more useful than a custom approach.C. The capsules can move in human’s body automatically.D. It costs more to module the capsules on the board.BGlobally, people use roofs to dry out food, do their laundry and sleep. In Belfast, where we're based, there's a culture of enjoying looking down on the city from up high, because it's in a valley. But because we were a conflict area for a long time,many people didn't want to live, work or hang out in the city, and our roofs cape has been neglected.Rooftop projects can be as big or as small as you want. They can be used as social or cultural spaces, for green or blue public facilities. But it's not just about commercial opportunities; it can be as simple as an individual turning his/her city balcony into a mini garden or vegetable patch. It's not just about doing it on a rooftop because it's “cool”.It's about giving up the deep-rooted thought that roofs are off limits and embracing their challenges as opportunities. That can make a huge difference. For instance, we're helping turn the rooftop car park of a city central shopping centre into an outdoor space for employees, due to restrictions they now face indoors because of COVID-19.Using rooftops creatively allows us to cope with many of the challenges faced by cities today--be those environmental, social, technological, or cultural. At the moment,we're being forced to rethink how we use public spaces due to COVID-19. With lots of restrictions on enclosed areas, we should be acknowledging rooftops alternatives.For example,Rotterdam recently hosted a play that took place across its rooftops. Each roof lit up and hosted a different part of the drama, while residents sat and watched, listening to the action through headphones.Are there any challenges? Rain is one. Also is health and safety. But there are creative and practical solutions to all the barriers we face. In fact,the challenges are what make rooftops so exciting----because they give you even more opportunities to be creative and solve problems. It is always a matter of trial and error.4. What can we learn about rooftops in the first two paragraphs?A. People enjoy getting together on rooftops.B. People can use rooftops to their own advantage.C. Rooftops are made good use of by locals in Belfast.D. Rooftops projects were launched for commercial reasons.5. How can rooftops benefit people in their life?A. Rooftops can be adapted to car parks.B. Rooftops help solve environmental problems.C. Rooftops can provide space for work and play.D. People can exchange their thoughts on rooftops.6. What will be possibly mentioned after the last paragraph?A. The new challenges of the future.B. Reasons for building rooftop projects.C. Exciting development of rooftop projects.D. Solutions to the challenges we are facing now.7. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To introduce rooftop projects in Belfast.B. To encourage people to start rooftop projects.C. To analyze the current situation of rooftop projects.D. To offer suggestions on long-term city development.CPeggy Whitson's job demands a daily twohour workout in a gym where weight has no meaning and the view changes at 17,000 miles an hour.Whitson makes it look easy. At 57, she is the oldest woman to fly in space, breaking the record last November, 2016, when she began her third longterm stay at the International Space Station. After returning home in September, 2017, the NASA astronaut feltmatter-of-factabout the age milestone.“It wasn't a record I was seeking for,” Whitson said. “I was 42 and 48 for my first two space flights. I feel lucky thatI was able to get to do another one in my 50s. I don't think people should let age discourage them, even on those jobs that require some amount of physical fitness. The oldest man is John Glenn (at 77), and we've had male astronauts in their 60s before, so it's just a matter of time before women start flying in space at this age”.On the earth, she stays fit by weightlifting, biking, playing basketball and water skiing. She shared what it's like to live in microgravity: “It's like you're in a swimming pool, but you don't have to worry about breathing. If I push off from one side, I'm going to float to the other side. Every direction feels exactly the same, which is really hard for your brain to grasp, but it's amazing how fast you adapt.It's a big shock for the body to come back to Earth—everything is so heavy. We spend a lot of time getting used to being back in gravity again. Back pain was really the most dramatic for me this time. For me, coming home is harder than going up into space.”8. How long did Peggy Whitson spend for her third stay in the International Space Station?A. About 300 days.B. About 708 days.C. About 107 days.D. About57 days.9. What does the underlined word probably mean in the passage?A. Amazing.B. Not surprising.C. Enthusiastic.D. Unbelievable.10. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Peggy Whitson likes swimming most.B. Peggy Whitson is the oldest person to fly in space.C. Peggy Whitson had been in space in 2002 and 2008.D. There had been female astronauts over 60s flying in space before.11. Which of the following will Peggy Whitson probably say?A. You can still be successful and do physical things when old.B. I spent quite a lot of time getting used to the life in space.C. The moment we reached the earth, we felt so relaxed.D. I feel lucky that I am physically well after the whole journey.DEven as Google plans to test its fleet (车队) of self-driving cars on public roads this summer, its business model remains abit of a mystery. By 2025, as many as 250,000 self-driving vehicles could be sold each year globally, according to a study by an industry research firm.“Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions ofpeople,” said Chris Urmson, director of Google’s self-driving car project. For now, Google has no plans to sell any of its self-driving cars. They are strictly for research. But they will hit public roads this summer near Google’s headquarters inMountain View,California. Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses.The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator (油门) or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work,” Urmson said. “The vehicles will be very basic — we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible — but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button.” The prototype (雏形) is the first of a 100-car fleet the tech giant is building.In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads — the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error — and fewer traffic jams. Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can’t drive because of age or illness.Google has said that self-driving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don’t own. The company has already tested other types of self-driving cars on public streets, including modified Lexus sport-utility vehicles, under a special permit program by the California Department of Motor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls.The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars, includingDelphi, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Tesla, Bosch and Nissan. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerators and brake pedals to allow “safety drivers” to take control if needed.12. According to Chris Urmson, __________.A. self-driving cars can give driving orders to humansB. self-driving cars are specially designed for the elderlyC. software and sensors are vital for self-driving carsD. ordinary vehicles will be replaced by self-driving cars13. Paragraph 4 is meant to tell us that __________.A. many traffic accidents are caused by human errorB. some people can’t drive because of illness or ageC. Urmson has promised to create safer roads in the futureD. self-driving cars will probably help to make safer roads and decrease traffic jams14. The underlined word “issued” in the last paragraph can probably bereplaced by__________.A. givenB. claimedC. awardedD. prohibited15. What’s the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars?A. Objective.B. Indifferent.C. Subjective.D. Favorable.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
北京市通州区高三一模考试(5月)英语试题
2020届北京市通州区高三一模考试（5月）英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I’ll always remember the woman who gave me tissues while I was crying on the train. I 1．(try) so hard to calm down when she handed me the tissues. She said, “We’ve all been there, crying on the train.” As she was getting off, she added, “Whatever’s wrong, it will get 2．(good). That doesn’t mean anything right now, but it really will.” She w as just a regular business-casual lady, but she was a hero to me. Also! She inspired me 3．(carry) a little pack of tissues in case I see someone crying.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As Spring Festival begins to be celebrated worldwide, the richness of Chinese cultures spreads widely as well. Recently, two special stamps4．(design) by Han Meilin, a Chinese artist. They were used to mark the New Year of Rat. One of them shows a leaping rat bit the sky to create an opening so that sunshine could come to Earth, 5．symbolizes the wish for a better life. In the second stamp, a rat family of father, mom and baby sit by a small pile of peanuts, looking into the distance expectantly. That image represents the wish for a bountiful harvest and a happy family life. The creativity, well6．(know) as a cultural landmark, goes beyond borders.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
2019-2020学年通州区运河中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年通州区运河中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AChildren under the age of 18 will be allowed up to three hours per week to play video games, according to a notice issued by China's National Press and Publication Administration. Online game companies are required to provide services to minors — from8 to 9 p. m. on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays — as a way to safeguard their physical and mental health. Children are playing more and more online games these days. Is it time to limit their online gaming time? What role do parents have? Readers share their opinions.RizlaredOnline games are addictive, but if children are taught how to manage in a sensible and responsible manner then it is no longer a threat(威胁).To achieve this, parents need to set examples for not being glued to their phones. Teaching is and always will be the best solution to such problems.AndrewGood policy. By limiting time spent on online games, kids can spend time doing more useful things to develop their potential. They can go outside and run, jump and swim instead of sitting on a couch at home and playing with a smart phone.AdamIt is often seen that parents argue with children over cellphones. Most parents can hardly set and enforce the time limit for its daily usage. Some forcibly take away their cellphones, but it will ruin trust and relationship. Even worse, it will make their kids hate them.PinkExcessive(过度的）gaming is purely a waste of time and energy for minors and has a negative effect on both physical and mental health. The gaming industry should not put profit- flaking interests as its priority (优先事项) . They should act in a socially responsible way toprovide an environment for children to ensure their well-being and development.LaurenThere would be a loophole(漏洞). Children could use their parents’ or other adults’ IDs to avoid real-name registration, thus making it impossible to put this policy in effect. Parents ly need to strengthen guidance andsupervision to keep their children from gaming addiction.1. What should kids do according to Andrew?A. Play online games.B. Play with a smart phone.C. Study all the time.D. Go in for outside activities.2. What does Pink advise the gaming industry to do?A. Pay attention to its profit.B. Focus on kids’ health.C. Be responsible for kids’ surroundings.D. Persuade kids lo play more games.3. What role do parents have according to the passage?A. They keep hold of their phones.B. They set examples for their kids.C. They limit their kids’ time.D. They blame kids for addiction.BBe it from the mouths of foreigners who have lived here for a few years or from stories on travel websites, one of the most common qualities that people list about Shanghai is the infectious energy that courses through the city.For some, this energy is defined by the way of life—Shanghai is a city that never sleeps. In the day, the streets arc always bustling with people from all over the world. After all, the city has long been China’s most cosmopolitan city, having been the epicenter of trade and cultural exchange between Chinese and foreigners since the city was forced to open its door to the world in 1843 after the First Opium War (1840-42).Shanghai’s ubiquitous delivery people can be found on the roads even past midnight, rushing from point to point on their trusty electric scooters to satiate the hunger of night owls. Even before the break of dawn, pensioners can be found gathering in parks, ready to kick start their day with a tai chi session.For others, this energy is generated from the friction between the contrasts the city has. Indeed, it does not take long for one to realize that Shanghai's charmlies in it being a binary of old and new.Here, charming neoclassical architecture and art deco structures stand alongside modem buildings with shimmering glass and metal facades, rustic (质朴的)lane houses and shikumen buildings. Humble mom-and-pop shops that look stuck in time can often be found right next tohipdining venues or industrial-chic fashion stores selling designer apparel.One of the best places to get an overview of these surreal contrasts is none other than the tallest building in the city — the Shanghai Tower in Lujiazui. Measuring a dizzying 632 meters in height, this architectural marvel boasts having the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure. It also comes with the world'sfastest elevators which would get you from the bottom to the top at 20.5 meters per second.On the other side of the Huangpu River is where you would find the Bund, which is home to magnificent neoclassical buildings. The Bund is to Shanghai what Times Square is to New York or what the Champs-61ysees is to Paris. A trip to Shanghai would not be complete without exploring this iconic waterfront promenade.Autumn is the best time to experience Shanghai on foot, not merely because the weather is conducive for walking, but because this is when the roads and sidewalks in many areas are blanketed with a layer of color1 ful fallen leaves.4. Why is the example of delivery man mentioned?A. To make a contrast with pensioners’ biological clock.B. To illustrate the vibrant energy of modern Shanghai.C. To highlight the diligence and consideration of delivery man.D. To feature the courier delivery service in full swing.5. Which of the following is TRUE about the contrast of Shanghai?A. The contrast mainly arises from the First Opium War.B. The design of the Shanghai Tower stands for a contrast.C. A marked contrast is shown in the use of building materials.D. The dishes served in mom-and-pop shops represent the outdated flavor.6. The underlined word “hip” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to________.A. photographicB. modestC. peculiarD. stylish7. Which of the following will be most probably discussed following the last paragraph?A. Stunning views of the Shanghai skyline.B. The best places to view the seasonal spectacle.C. The walking path thathugs the Huangpu River.D. Must-try dishes and food items typical of Shanghai.CAt the age of 50, Nina Schoen expects to have a long lifeahead of her, but has thought a lot about death—and why people are so reluctant to talk about it: “It’s going to happen to all of us,” she says, “but it should be a more positive experience than the fear we put into it.”When she first heard about a new end-of-life process that turns the body into compost (堆肥), “I was really moved by the idea,” says Schoen, who became one of the first to reserve a spot with a Seattle-based companycalled Recompose, the county’s first funeral home to offer human composting.Last year Recompose began transforming bodies to soil, more formally known as natural organic reduction. Before that, end-of-life options in the U.S. were limited to burial or cremation (火化), both of which come with environmental costs—U.S. cremations alone dump 1.7 billion pounds of carbon dioxide into theatmosphere every year.Katrina Spade pioneering the composting movement has spent a decade developing the process in hopes of offering people a greener option for death care. “I wondered, ‘What if we had a choice that helps the planet rather than harms it?’” Spade tells PEOPLE. “To know that the last gesture you’ll make will be gentle and beneficial and it just feels like the right thing to do.”After she had her own two sons, she began to wonder what she might do with her body after death. A friend who knew her interest in the topic reminded her that farmers sometimes compost the body of cows, and thatsparkedan idea for her theory: “If you can compost a cow, you can probably compost a human,” she thought, and she set about designing a facility to do just that.“This is about giving people another choice,” Spade says. “At first, people react with shock—‘You really can do that?’ But so many people today are looking at their impact on the Earth. This is a popular thing because when you die, you can give back to the planet.”8. How do people react when it comes to death according to paragraph 1?A. They are unwilling to comment.B. They can face it without fear.C. They feel it a positive experience.D. They would like to compost their bodies.9. What can we know about the company Recompose?A. Its CEO is Katrina Spade.B. It is located in Seattle.C. It was founded to resist cremation.D. It has spent 10 years composting bodies.10. What does the underlined word “sparked” probably mean?A. Changed.B. Compromised.C. Quitted.D. Inspired.11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A. A little things in our life can bring in big outcomes.B. We human beings should do all we can to help the earth.C. Composting is so popular that we should reserve a spot soon.D. We should reject burial because of its harm to environment.DWhat will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question，you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology（生物技术）. With the help of new medicine，the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents，murder and war. Today’s leading killers，such as heart disease，cancer，and aging itself，will become distant memories.In discussion of technological changes，the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells（细胞）are the basic units of all living things，and until recently，scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells，such as those of brain cells，would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100，medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so，people will beable to take medicine to repair their organs（器官）. The medicine，made up of the basic building materials of life，will build new brain cells，heart cells，and so on－in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence，but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.12. According to the passage，human death is now mainly caused by ________.A. diseases and agingB. accidents and warC. accidents and agingD. heart disease and war13. In the author’s opinion，today’s most important advance in technology lies in（在于）________.A. the InternetB. medicineC. brain cellsD. human organs14. Humans may live longer in the future because ________.A. heart disease will be far away from usB. human brains can decide the final deathC. the basic materials of cells will last foreverD. human organs can be repaired by new medicine15. How long can humans live in the future according to the passage?A. Over 100 years.B. More than 120 years.C. About 150 years.D. The passage doesn’t tell us.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年首师大附中通州分校高三英语一模试卷及答案
2020-2021学年首师大附中通州分校高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AYou might not expect it, but cows are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Cows produce lots of methane by breaking down the grass, Now scientists have shown that the pollution from cows canbe reduced by adding a little seaweed to their food.Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago. But this work was done in a laboratory, there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life.In the lab studies, the cows were given quite a bit of seaweed, and they would cause losing weight. That wasn't helpful, since cows are often sold by weight. It also wasn't clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.Now, scientists from the University of California, Davis have answered several of these questions.The researchers studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were giving off. This time, they used a much smaller amount of seaweed, which they mixed with the cows' food.The results were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given, but even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane.Over the five months, the scientists didn't see any signs that the cows' stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again.Another surprise came when they looked at the weight of the cows. The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows, but they didn't need as much food.But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there's notadequateseaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed.A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in fields, where they eat the grass. That means there's no chance to feed them seaweed every day. These problems need to be taken seriously if the world is going to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis.Still, it's true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.1. Why did the scientists do the experiment on the farm?A. To control the amount of seaweed.B. To record the weight cows gained.C. To confirm the effect of seaweed in real life.D. To measure the amount of seaweed cows ale.2. The underlined word “adequate” means ________ .A. commonB. specialC. lackingD. enough3. The passage is written to ________ .A. appeal to people not to raise the cowsB. encourage people to plant the seaweedC. remind people of controlling cows' weightD. call on people to take actions to reduce the pollutionBA trip to thelibrary was like a great journey to a different country. To get there, we had to walk a mile. But our weekly journeys to the library were a piece of perfection. I had around me at one time all the people I loved best-my father and mother and brothers and sister--and all the things I loved best- quiet, space and books.I read a lot of books about science: not the spaceships my brothers preferred, but the birds and the bees--literally. I brought home a book of birds and searched the trees for anything other than robins (知更鸟). I went through a phrase of loving books with practical science experiments and used up a whole bottle of white vinegar by pouring it on the sides of our apartment building to prove that it was constructed of limestone (石灰石).One Saturday, as I wandered through the young adult section, I saw a title: Little Women, by Lousia May Alcott. I had learned from experience that titles weren’t everything. A book that sounded great on the shelf could be dull once you got it home. So I sat in a chair near the shelves to skim the first paragraphs.I read and read and read Little Women until it was time to walk home, and, except for a few essential interruptions like sleeping and eating, I did not put it down until the end. Even the freedom to watch weekend television held no appeal for me in the wake of Alcott' s story. It was about girls, for one thing, girls who could almost be like me, especially Jo. I had found someone who thought and felt the way I did.4. What can we say about the author’s family?A. They enjoyed traveling abroad.B. They were library frequenters.C. They were very fond of walking.D. They led a perfectly quiet life.5. What does the author mainly want to show in paragraph 2?A. Her different hobbies from her brothers.B. How she conducted science experiments.C. Why she loved books about the birds and the bees.D. Her reading interests during a particular period of time.6. What opinion does the author hold on books?A. Book titles can sometimes be misleading.B. Science books are as interesting as novels.C. The first few paragraphs of a book are attractive.D. Books seem duller when read in libraries than at home.7. How would the author describe Little Women?A. It helped her to discover her true character.B. It made her forget about food and sleep.C. It inspired confidence in her.D. It kept her absorbed.CWhat about your emotions? How do they help you to understand what you are reading?In Jane Yolan'sOwl Moon,a girl explores with her father on a snowy night. She longs for this special night.And she's amazed when she sees an owl.Have you felt longing before? Amazement? Well, if you have, it helps you have a sense of agreement. When we can put ourselves inside a story we can understand it better. Our brain tells us,"Oh, this girl's experience is a bit like mine."And boom! We can relate to her.But this skill is not born in us.So young kids have to learn it.Pictures and images help young readers to understand and recognize feelings.Readers feel joy when seeing the smiling faces of friends.They feel fear when turning the page to find a scary monster. They are just pictures,but the feelings are real. This skill, to understand the thinking and feeling of others, is what researchers call "theory of mind".For example, think about the faces of people and animals in stories. The Big Bad Wolf's scary teeth. The 'o' shape of a surprised character's mouth. Or big, wide eyes like the girl inOwl Moon.By noticing the faces,readers can start to figure out what it feels like to be that character.And that helps to figure out how people feel and think in real life.But most young readers don't go into deep,scary woods.And some may not go to the beach or playbasketball.In the bookYo!Yes?two kids meet and play ball. The kids start the story on opposite pages.But as the story goes on,they get closer until they are together.Some young readers might not play basketball, but they can read the clues on the page to figure out how the kids are feeling.And some readers might not like the game,but they can feel excited for the characters because of how the characters look and move.8. What can we learn from the second paragraph?A.Owl Moontalks about the exploration of the Moon.B. The feeling of"amazement"is a sense of agreement.C. Readers are blessed with the ability to interpret others.D. Readers with similar experience understand the story better.9. Which of the following might help readers develop"theory of mind"?A. True feelings.B. Smiling faces.C. Picture books.D. Reading skills.10. Young readers can go deeper into a story by________.A. tracking the plotB. developing new skillsC. sharing similar hobbiesD. analyzing the background11. What is the text mainly about?A. How thinking influences reading.B. How readers improve reading skills.C. How emotions help enhance reading.D. How kids figure out the clues of stories.DOne of the most popular street food found inChinais no doubt the barbecue. A new program, called Chinese Barbecue, tells the story of this popular food cooked over hot coals on just about every street corner in cities and towns across the country. Barbecued meat is an important part of people’s nightlife.Shown on June 20, the program has had more than 25 million clicks on the video site . To find the most popular barbecue stalls (摊位), the production team travelled to more than 500 locations in 30 cities across the country. Some viewers compare Chinese Barbecue to Midnight Diner, a Japanese TV program telling stories from late night informal Japanese bars.“I’m happy to hear this comparison because Midnight Diner is a good program, and we share the same topic― night food,” Chinese Barbecue’s director Chen Yingjie said. “However, they are quite different.” He said that Midnight Diner focused more on food itself, though there was someconversation while people were eating. However, the night food scene of Chinese people means joy and a more lively atmosphere. People eating thesebarbecue snacks develop a feeling of connection, which can be a cure for loneliness.The barbecue, regarded as the most ordinary and common night street snack, is different from home-made food by mothers as that is a symbol of family and kinship. The barbecue is where you go to become connected to people in society. And unlike official business lunches, during which people are rather polite, the barbecue lets people relax with old friends and new friends, leaving a lasting impression of friendship.The world, as a whole, holds deep-rooted good feelings toward the barbecue, either for the taste or the warmth produced by fire. “What we should do is to present the Chinese barbecue just the way it is because with its special ingredients(食材)，ways of cooking and more importantly, the special environment and people, the world will recognize it and might fall in love with it just as we do.” said Chen.12. What do we know about Chinese Barbecue?A. It has been becoming very popular on the Internet.B. It is thought highly of by most of the foreign tourists.C. It mainly talks about the most famous Chinese food.D. It shows the color1 ful nightlife in large cities ofChina.13. In which way was Chinese Barbecue different from Midnight Diner?A. It showed more kinds of food.B. It focused more on the diners.C. It showed the eating habits.D. It was less popular than Midnight Diner.14. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. The importance of the barbecue to family.B. The influence of the barbecue on people’s manners.C. The influence of the barbecue on people’s lifestyle.D. The role of the barbecue in people’s relationship.15. Why did Chen Yingjie choose the barbecue as the topic of the series?A. To show the feature of Chinese food.B. To research a special way of cooking.C. To help the world understandChina.D. To introduce the history of the barbecue.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届通州区潞河中学分校高三英语一模试题及参考答案
2020届通州区潞河中学分校高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOvernight French ToastWhat You’ll Need•16-ounce loaf of French bread•5 eggs•1 1 /2 cups milk•1/2 cup half-and-half•1/3 cup maple syrup（枫糖浆）•1/2 teaspoon salt•foil（锡箔纸）•2 tablespoons melted butter（for topping）•2 tablespoons maple syrup（for topping）What to Do•With an adult’s help, cut the bread into 1-inch slices.•Place the eggs, milk, half-and-half, maple syrup, and salt into a large bowl. Stir（揽拌）the mixture until blended（混合均匀）.•Place the sliced bread into a baking dish. Pour the mixtureover the bread and press the slices into it. Cover the dish with foil and refrigerate overnight.•Remove the dish from the refrigerator at least one hour before baking. Ask an adult for help to preheat the oven to 375°F. Bake the French toast for 35 minutes or until golden brown.•For the topping, combine the melted butter and 2 tablespoons of maple syrup. Pour it over the French toast before serving.1.How much salt will you need to make a French toast?A.1/3 cup.B.1/2 teaspoon.C.2 tablespoons.D.16 ounces.2.How will you use foil?A.Place the sliced breadB.Cover the dish.C.Remove the dish.D.Eat the French toast.3.Who is the passage written for?A.Teachers.B.Parents.C.Cooks.D.Kids.BSome of the oldest art in human history is being damaged, scientists say. And climate change may be speeding up its loss. Newresearch reports that ancient rock art in Indonesian caves is degrading over time, as bits of rock slowly break off from the walls. It's a huge loss for human history.Salt crystals（结晶）building up on the walls are a key part of the problem, the study suggests. These salt crystals go into the cave walls, changing sizes as temperatures rise and fall. This process causes the rock to slowly break down.Salt crystals may become larger when exposed to repeated changes between wet conditions and periods of drought. These kinds of changes are expected to become more obvious as the climate continues to warm.In particular, the researchers say, climate change may cause more intense El Nino（厄尔尼诺）events in the future. These events can strengthen the kinds of conditions that help salt crystals form Scientists are still debating the exact influence of climate change on El Nino, a natural climate cycle that drives changing patterns of warming and cooling in thePacific Ocean.The new study, led by Jillian Huntley, examined 11 ancient cave art sites in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The researchers found evidence of salt formation at all 11 sites. It's merely a small part There are more than 300 known eave art sites around the region. The researchers note that salt crystals may indeed be part of the problem, adding that climate change is a growing threat, one that deserves more attention.4. What is the main cause of the rocks breaking off from the wall?A. Weather patterns.B. Salt crystals.C. Wet conditions.D. Drought Periods.5. Which of the following may researchers agree with?A. El Nino events prevent salt crystals forming.B. Climate change makes little difference to El Nino.C.Salt crystals may become much larger in wet conditions.D. Constant warm weather may cause salt crystals to change size.6. Which word best describes Huntley's attitude to climate change?A. Worried.B. Curious.C. Doubtful.D. Positive.7. What can we learn from thelast paragraph?A. The formation and patterns of salt crystals.B. The impact of climate change on ancient rock arts.C. The historical value of ancient rock art in cave sites.D. The threats of human activities to ancient eave art sites.CJanet Fein, aged 84, received her bachelor's degree from the University last week, having waited a long time for her chance to reach that goal.Growing up in the Bronx area ofNew York City, Fein worked at a dress manufacturer after graduating early at the age of 16. After getting married, she spent 18 years staying home with her children. She held several jobs through her life, including 20 years as a secretary at a hospital until her retirement at age 77.Fein has had a full life. But even then, she was not ready to take it easy and rest during a well-earned retirement. She decided to major in sociology because she felt it was “substantial.”Fein took part in a state program that lets people who are 65 and older take free classes at public universities in Texasand kept going to class even as her health conditions worsened. During her studies, it became necessary for her to use a walker to get around and she required oxygen. She also developed knee problems. So, Fein took online classes to finish the last part of her degree requirements.Sheila Rollerson, Fein' scollege advisor, and Carol, the professor told the media that Fein never showed signs of giving up even with all of her difficulties. She would speak up a lot in class and it just made for a more interesting class.Fein has also inspired Renee Brown, one of Fein's caregivers. At 53, Renee plans to begin nursing school to further her career. “Renee, you can do it. If I can do it you can do it, and you will feel so good about it,” Brown remembers what Fein told her.8. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. Janet Fein's growthB. Janet Fein's aimC. Janet Fein's job experiencesD. Janet Fein's regrets9. What does the underlined phrase “substantial” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. InterestingB. ValuableC. EasyD. Affordable10. What can be learned about Fein according to the passage?A. Fein lived on little money after her retirement.B. Fein had a problem with her arms while at universities.C. The Internet played a role in Fein's university education.D. The good health helped Fein get her bachelor's degree.11. What is Janet Fein like according to the passage?A. Hardworking and humorous.B. Determined and generous.C. Positive and patient.D. Inspiring and perseverant.DAlthough computer technology is often necessary today, using a pen or pencil activates more areas of your brain than a keyboard does. You can potentially remember more by handwriting, according to a new study.The potential benefits of handwriting for memory have been debated for some time. The new study set out to answer one question: How does handwriting compare to using a keyboard when it comes to remembering new information?In all,24 participants took part. Researchers asked each of them to write with a pen and then each was also asked to type on a keyboard. While performing these tasks, each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes next to their head. It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors. Those sensors recorded the participants' brainwaves. The electrodes noted which parts of the brain turned on during each task. And they showed that writing turned on memory areas in the brain while typing didn't.Audrey van der Meer, the new study's leader, says this suggests that when we write by hand, we remember better. “This is because writing involves complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity gives the brain more ‘hooks’ to hang your memories on,” she explains. Van der Meer also points out that writing by hand is related to visual notetaking. “Rather than typing blindly, the visual notetaker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be interlinked by boxes, arrows and small drawings,” she adds.This study does not recommend banning digital devices. In fact, its authors point out, computers and other devices with keyboards have become necessary in modern society. Keyboarding can especially benefit those with certain special needs (such as if they have trouble using their hands) and typing beats writing when it comes to speed, they add.12. Why were participants asked to wear caps in the study?A. To record their brainwavesB. To inform them of their tasksC. To allow them to focus on writingD. To protect their heads like hair nets13. What does Audrey van der Meer try to explain?A. Why handwriting is more complex than typingB. Why the brain works when it comes to learningC. Why handwriting helps remember informationD. Why key words are helpful to visual notetaking14. What is the study's authors' view on typing?A. It relieves people's handsB. It remains vital and helpfulC. It is not worth recommendingD. It is more challenging than writing15. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?A. How Can You Remember New Information?B. Handwriting Benefits Health in the LongRunC. Should Typing Take the Place of Handwriting?D. Handwriting Is Better for Memory Than Typing第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年通州区第三中学高三英语一模试卷及答案
2020-2021学年通州区第三中学高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AChina has 410K5Gbase stationsChina built 257,000 new 5G base stations in the first half of the year, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT).Shipments of 5G phones reached 8623 million unis in China, with 5G package users hitting 66 million by the end of June, said Wen Ku, head of information and communication at the ministry.To give full play to the commercialization of 5G, more policies should be implemented to boost the vitality of the market, Wen said, adding that international cooperation in 5G technology, industry and application should be strengthened.AG600 seaplane’s test flightKunlong, China’s homegrown AG600 large amphibious aircraft, conducted its first sea-based test flight on Sunday morning, marking a new milestone in the program.The AG600 is China’s second amphibious aircraft, after the SH-5, which was developed in the 1970s for military purposes and has been retired for a long time.These specifications make it the world’s biggest amphibious aircraft, surpassing Japan’s ShinMaywa US-2 and Russia’s Beriev Be-200.Once in service, it will put an end to the absence of a large rescue aircraft in China and will be very useful in the national emergency rescue and disaster relief systems.Beidou products land abroadAccording to Ran Chengqi, director general of China Satellite Navigation Office, Beidou has been constantly deepening its compatibility, interoperability and cooperation with the US’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the EU’s Galileo. It has also entered international organizations of civil aviation, maritime affairs, search and rescue satellites and mobile communication.BDS-based services have been successfully applied in land mapping, precision farming, digital development and smart port construction in member countries of ASEAN, South Asia, Eastern Europe, West Asia and Africa.1. What can we learn from this passage?A. The total number of 5G phones has reached a new level.B. Kunlong, unlike SH-5, is not just for military purposes.C. Technologies mentioned above need more cooperation with others.D. BDS-based services have been provided for users in many countries.2. Which of the following is most probably related to agriculture?A. 5G phonesB. BDS-based servicesC. AG600 seaplaneD. Beriev Be-2003. If your friend did a course in marketing management, he may choose a job in a ________.A. 5G technology related marketB. large amphibious aircraftC. BDS-based projectD. China Satellite Navigation OfficeBMove over, helicopter parents. “Snowplow (扫雪机) parents” are the newest reflection of an intensive (强化的) parenting style that can include parents booking their adult children haircuts, texting their college kids to wake them up so they don’t sleep through a test, and even calling their kids’ employers.Helicopter parenting the practice of wandering anxiously near one’s children, monitoring their every activity, is so 20th century. Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows: machines moving ahead, clearing any difficulties in their children’s path to success, so they don’t have to suffer failure, frustration (挫折) or lose opportunities.It starts early, when parents get on wait lists for excellent preschools before their babies are born and try to make sure their kids never do anything that may frustrate them. It gets more intense when school starts: running forgotten homework to school or calling a coach to request that their children make the team.Rich parents may have more time and money to devote to making sure their children don’t ever meet with failure, but it’s not only rich parents practicing snowplow parenting. This intensive parenting has become the most welcome way to raise children, regardless of income, education, or race.Yes, it’s a parent’s job to support the children, and to use their adult wisdom to prepare for the future when their children aren’t mature enough to do so. That’s why parents hide certain toys from babies to avoid getting angry or take away a teenager’s car keys until he finishes his college applications.But snowplow parents can take it too far, some experts say. If children have never faced a difficulty, what happens when they get into the real world?“Solving problems, taking risks and overcoming frustration are key life skills,” many child developmentexperts say, “and if parents don’t let their children experience failure, the children don’t acquire them.”4. What do we know about snowplow parenting?A. It appeared before helicopter parenting.B. It costs parents less than helicopter parenting.C. It was a typical phenomenon of the 20th century.D. It provides more than enough services for children.5. What is mainly discussed about snowplow parenting in Paragraph 4?A. Its cost.B. Its benefits.C. Its popularity.D. Its ending.6. Why does the author mention parents’ taking away car keys?A. To show teenagers are no better than babies.B. To advise teenagers not to treat their cars as toys.C. To advise parents not to buy cars for their teenagers.D. To show it’s appropriate to help children when necessary.7. What’s the possible result of snowplow parenting according to the experts?A. Children lacking problem-solving ability in reality.B. Children mastering more key life skills than parents.C. Children gaining great success in every aspect of life.D. Children meeting no problems or frustration after growing up.CNextdoor，an online social network for neighbors，says it has attracted $60 million from early backers of technology giants，Google，Amazon and Facebook.The new investment，1ed by venture firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and investment firm Tiger Global Management，values Nextdoor at more than $500 million，said a personfamiliar with the matter.Nextdoor members make Facebook-style postings，giving or seeking recommendations for services such as babysitters and yard maintenance or local retailers and restaurants. They also post about community issues such as parking，crimeand safety，or items for sale or loan.The investment sum emphasizes the appeal of businesses that can tap into the growing use of mobile devices，as well as social networking Perhaps the best current example is Twitter，which is preparing for an initial public offering that values the company at up to about $11 billion.“We’re all spending more time with our screens，more engaged，but I think data shows we’re lessconnected，”said John Doerr of Kleiner Perkins，mentioning his own experience of knowing few of his neighbors. Nextdoor，with its ability to introduce neighbors to each other，helps people regain the sense of connection，he said.Early next year，Nextdoor plans to expand to Canada，followed by Great Britain，Australia，and South Africa，chief executive NiravTolia said. While Nextdoor has not yet have made any profit after two years of operations，Tolia said he is not worried.“If we look at the great companies at this stage，none of them started to monetize this early in their evolution. ”Tolia said. “It’s all about getting the product right. ”Eventually，Nextdoor plans to tap into local advertising，he said.Nextdoor is currently used in 22，527 neighborhoods across the United States，up from 5，694 a year ago. Including the latest funding round，it has raised just over $100 million.8. What attitude do the early backers of technology grant hold towards Nextdoor?A. They doubt its value.B. They think poorly of it.C. They are in favor of it.D. They are worried about it.9. What is mainly discussed about Nextdoor in Paragraph 3?A. Its members.B. Its service.C. Its value.D. Its location.10. What is the author’s purpose of mentioning Twitter in Paragraph 4?A. To support his viewpoint.B. To post an advertisement.C. To introduce a network.D. To makea public offer.11. How does Nirav Tolia feel about the future of Nextdoor?A. Curious.B. Upset.C. Cautious.D. Optimistic.DIf you ever find yourself trapped in the wilderness without food, you'llhave to figure out how to feed yourself. Many plants in the wild areedible, but many are also poisonous. So it is necessary to learn how to determine whether the plants you find can be eaten safely.Avoid using this method without careful planning. Some plants can be deadly, and even if you follow these guidelines perfectly, there is always a chance that a plant will make you seriously ill. Prepare yourself for wilderness outings by learning about the local plants, and carry a guidebook to help you identify plants. Even if you are unprepared and cannot find food you know to be safe, remember that, depending on your activity level, the human body can go for days without food, and you’re better off being hungry than being poisoned.Testing the plant in your mouth is dangerous, so go forward very slowly and carefully. First, hold a small portion of the prepared plant part against your lip for 3 minutes. Do not put the plant in your mouth. If you notice any burning, tingling (刺痛), or other reactions, discontinue testing. Second, place another small portion of the plant part on your tongue. Hold the plant on your tongue without chewing for 15 minutes. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Third, chew the plant and holdit in your mouth for 15 minutes. Chew the plant well, and do not swallow. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Fourth, swallow the small portion of the plant. Wait 8 hours. Do not eat or drink anything during this period except purified water. If you feel sick, immediately throw up what you eat and drink plenty of water. If activated charcoal (活性炭) is available, take that with the water.12. What’s the meaning of the underlined world “edible” in paragraph 1?A. Suitable for using as food.B. Widely spread.C. Existing in large quantities.D. Not widely known.13. What can we know from paragraph 2?A. Planning is unnecessary when using the method.B. Not all plants in the wild can serve as food generally.C. Suffering hunger can be more dangerous than testing plants.D. Following the method perfectly can ensure safety.14. Which is the correct order of testing plants in the mouth?① wait and see ② chew it in the mouth③ put it on the tongue④ put it against lips ⑤ swallow itA. ③④②①⑤B. ④③②①⑤C. ③④②⑤①D.④③②⑤①15. Where might the passage come from?A. A student’s diary.B. A science report.C. A guide book for camping.D. A doctor’ s notebook.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届北京二中通州分校高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案
2020届北京二中通州分校高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASpeaking with people on the phone is pretty rare these days. Most people use e-mail or messaging apps when they need to communicate with someone. Sometimes, though, making a call is unavoidable. This simple act can actually be a nightmare for some people. Their hearts race and their hands sweat at the very thought. If this sounds familiar to you, you might be one of the millions of people who suffer from telephobia—the fear of speaking over the phone.Telephobia is a form of social anxiety, although people who feel perfectly comfortable in social situations may also experience telephobia. When speaking face-to-face, we give off lots of facial or bodily cues that help each other follow the conversation. This is not the case over the phone. And the idea of speaking into this void（真空）makes people terrified that they will freeze up, stumble over their words（失言）, or lose control of the conversation and look foolish In fact, telephobia is very similar to thefear people feel before putting on a performance in front of a big audience. However, there are things that one suffering from thin condition can do to reduce this fear and make phone calls at least somewhat bearable.One thing that those with telephobia can do before a call in smile. It may sound silly, but smiling before doing something stressful can help you feel more relaxed. It won't delete the anxiety altogether, but it will take the edge off it.Similarly, imagining how the call will go before you make it can also help things go more smoothly. Running through a positive conversation in your head will make you feel less nervous and may help you predict any possible problems. There's no need to spend hours on this, just a few minutes thinking up a general idea of what you want to say. You can even write down some brief notes to remind yourself of your talking points. This is particularly useful for dealing with the fear of not being able to express yourself naturally.And finally, when faced with receiving a call, you don't always have to pick up. There's nothing wrong with calling the person back later when you feel more comfortable.So the next time your phone starts ringing, remember—speaking on the phone doesn't have to make you sweat. The important thing is to be aware of your fear and take steps to deal with it.1. According to the article, which situation can cause a feeling similar lo telephobia?A.Speaking face-to-face to a good friend.B. Performing in front of a large audience.C. Running in a race without proper shoes.D. Using a messaging app while on the subway.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to deal with telephobia?A.Imagining how the call will go before you make it.B. Standing on the edge of a tall building while making a call.C. Calling someone back later instead of answering their phone calls right away.D. Writing down some brief notes to remind yourself of your talking points.3. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To present ways to ease telephobia.B. To explain the development of telephobiaC. To introduce the influence of telephobia.D. To give the reason why someone suffers from telephobia.BWe've all heard it before：to be successful, get out of bed early. After all, Apple CEO Tim Cook gets up at 3：45 am, Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne at 3：30 am and Richard Branson at 5：45 am﹣and, as we all know, "the early bird's catches the worm. "But just because some successful people wake up early, does that mean it's a trait most of them share？And if the idea of having exercised, planned your day, eaten breakfast, visualized and done one task before 8 am makes you want to roll over and hit snooze till next Saturday, are you really doomed to a less successful life？For about half of us, this isn't really an issue. It's estimated that some 50% of the population isn't really morning or evening﹣oriented, but somewhere in the middle. Roughly one in four of us, though, tend more toward bright﹣eyed early risers, and another one in four are night owls. For them, the effects can go beyond falling asleep in front of the TV at 10 pm or being regularly late for work.Numerous studies have found that morning people are more self﹣directed and agreeable. And compared to night owls, they plan for the future more and have a better sense of well﹣being.Although morning types may achieve more academically, night owls tend to perform better on measures of memory, processing speed and cognitive（认知）ability, even when they have to perform those tasks in the morning. Night﹣time people are also more open and more creative. And one study shows that night owls areashealthy and wise as morning types﹣and a little bit wealthier.Still think the morning people sound more like CEO material？Don't set your alarm for 5 am Just yet. As it turns out, overhauling（全面改革）your sleep time may not have much effect"If people are left to their naturally preferred time, they feel much better. They say that they are much more productive. The mental capacity they have is much broader, " says Oxford University biologist Katharina Wulff. On the other hand, she says, pushing people too far out of their natural preference can be harmful. When they wake early, for example, night owls are still producing melatonin（褪黑素）. "Then you disrupt it and push the body to be in the daytime mode. That can have lots of negative physiological consequence. " Wulff says, like a different sensitivity to insulin and glucose（葡萄糖）which can cause weight gain.4. What does the authordo in the first three paragraph？A. raising the problem→analyzing the problem → solving the problemB. leading in the topic→challenging a viewpoint → discussing about the topicC. presenting a viewpoint → providing supporting proofs→making a conclusionD. introducing a viewpoint →raising the question→presenting author's viewpoint5. What can we know from the 4th and 5th paragraph？A. Morning types tend to have clear goals and better mood.B. To beat night﹣time people ask them to do math calculation in themorning.C. Night owls tend to sacrifice their health for their wealth.D. Neither night owls nor morning persons perform better than the middle ones.6. Which of the following does Katharina Wulff support？A. Don't fall sleep in front of the TV.B. Avoid being regularly late for work.C. Stop setting your alarm for 5 am.D. Better not overhaul your sleep time.7. Why does the author write this article？A. To explain why some people are more successful.B.To compare the differences between early risersand night owls.C. To advise people to get up neither too early nor too late.D. To argue against this view that the Carly bird catches the worm.CThe relationship between humans and the Amazon Rainforest has not always been a harmonious one. However, recent research suggests that the native peoples ofthe Putumayo region helped to protect the rainforest, leaving it unchanged for 5,000 years. Perhaps humans’ coexisting with nature is possible after all.The study, published in PNAS, looked at soil samples in the Putumayo region of the Amazon in Peru to find how humans influenced the land. The researchers found that the trees still growing in the region today have been growing there for the last 5,000 years — evidence that the area has not been home to cities and farmland in that time. Traces of charcoal(木炭) found in the, soil, however, indicate that people did live there; they just did so in a way that had minimum influence on their environment.To come to these conclusions the team dug a 0.6-0.9 meter deep column into the ground, taking samples of soilfrom different heights along the column. Back in the lab, samples were carbon- dated to determine their age and then sorted under a microscope to look for microscopic mineral particles, known as phytoliths (植硅体). Phytoliths are essential evidence of plants— they remained in the soil thousands of years after the plant died. So researchers can use them to tell which plants have grown in an area in the past.Over 5,000 years’ worth of samples, no species loss was detected. These findings suggest that contrary to common belief, the Amazon is not untouched by humans, but rather has been protected by them for thousands of years. The management of the rainforest by native peoples appears to have been vital in preserving its biodiversity and will continue to be important in the fight to prevent it from acollapse.As Nigel Pitman, a co-author on the paper, said: “Since this particular forest is still being protected by native peoples, I hope this study reminds us all how important it is to support their work.”8. How did native peoples deal with the rainforest in the region of Putumayo?A. They always destroyed the rainforest.B. They had a side effect on the rainforest.C. They never lived in the area of the forest.D. They had been in harmony with the forest.9. What did the researchers try to find in the Amazon forest in Peru?A. The diversity of the plants in the rainforest.B. The evidence of human influence on the forest.C. The nutrition of the soil samples in the rainforest.D. The survival age of growing trees in the rainforest.10. What does the underlined word “collapse” mean in Paragraph 4?A. Sudden decrease.B. Bad management.C. Poor preservation.D. Over development.11. What can be inferred from Nigel Pitman's words?A. Native peoples should protectthe rainforest.B. We should help protect the Amazon Rainforest.C. More science research should be done on rainforest.D We should make good use of the Amazon Rainforest.DWhen you say the word donkey, whatthings come to your mind? A few people might say they’re cute, but the majority think they’re stubborn, dumb and all-round less capable than their horse s.However, this wasn’t the case for a recently unearthed ancient Chinese noblewoman who was unexpectedly found buried with her donkeys. Published in the journal Antiquity in March, Chinese archaeologists (考古学家) first discovered the tomb in Xi’an, Shaanxi, in 2012. The team examined the remains and identified the body as Cui Shi, a Tang Dynasty high-born lady who died in 878 AD.Speaking to Science Magazine in 2012, the study’s co-author, Fiona Marshall, said the finding caused confusion as “donkeys … are not associated with high-status people”.However, following years of further research, the team discovered artworks and artifacts that showed a sport known as “Lvju”. This was similar to modern-day polo (马球)and was popular among noble (高贵的) women at the time. They preferred to use donkeys instead of full-sized horses for safety reasons, due to their smaller size and slower speed.Speaking to CNN, Marshall later said, “Historical documents also showed that ladies of the late Tang court loved to play donkey polo.”At that time in Chinese history, animals were often placed in tombs so that they could be used for a specific purpose in the afterlife. The study determined that Cui Shi likely requested that her beloved donkeys be buried with her, so that she could continue her favorite sport after death. In total, three donkeys were found inside her tomb with riding gear (装备), including stirrups (马镫). “This context provides evidence that the donkeys in her tomb were for polo, not transport,” lead author Hu Songmei of the Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology told Science Magazine.Before the study, it was believed that donkeys were only used to carry loads, but now it may be time to see them as a sign of achieving high social status(地位), well, in ancient times.12. What do most people think of donkeys, according to the text?A. They are as adorable(可爱的) as horses.B. They are stubborn and not so capable.C. They were necessary in ancient sports.D. They were a sign of high social status.13. Why did Fiona Marshall feel confused when she discovered the donkeys?A. She didn’t connect donkeys with nobles.B. She hadn’t seen donkeys in ancient tombs before.C. She didn’t expect to find donkeys in a woman’s tomb.D. She didn’t understand why animals were in human tombs.14. What do we know about the sport “Lvju” from the text?A. Horses were preferred in Lvju.B Lvju was similar to modern-day soccer.C. Lvju was popular among common people.D. Donkeys were preferred in the sport for safety.15. The donkeys were found in the tomb of Cui Shi probably because _______.A. she intended to use them for transport after deathB. her family didn’t want her to be lonely after deathC. she wanted to continue to play Lvju after deathD. noble women needed donkeys to maintain their dignity第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
通州区2020届高三一模英语试题
通州区2019—2020学年第二学期高三一模考试英语试卷2020年4月一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AI was in the seventh grade， and we had moved to New Jersey in November． By then，everyone already had their own friends， and no one wanted to talk to a new girl． To make things worse， they put me in "Section L"． I found out later that everyone called Section L "Loserville"． It was sort of an open secret that it was the section for troublemakers and not-so-smart kids． When I found out， I wanted to scream． I had always been a good student and had amazing friends， and now everyone thought I was a loser!I did text my friends in Illinois almost every night， especially my best friend， Ana． At first my friends wanted to hear all about it． But then some stopped texting back once I said something about how miserable I was． One night when I was texting with Ana， I complained about another friend who had just done that．Ana's texts came really fast for the next few minutes and they surprised me． She said that she was tired of hearing about how bad everything was in New Jersey， too． She said she did not want to hurt my feelings but that I needed to stop feeling so sorry for myself all the time， I had to try to make things better．The next day， I thought a lot about what Ana had said． She was right!I wish I could say that everything changed overnight after that， but it didn't． I was still stuck in "Loserville"， and some people were still mean to me， even though I tried to just stay out of their way．But what did change was me-I stopped feeling so sorry for myself and did something about making friends． I signed up to make sets for the school play． I met a lot of new people there， and suddenly I had friends to say hi to in the halls!I still miss Illinois sometimes， but life in New Jersey isn't so hard anymore． Even though I couldn't change my situation， I could change my attitude-and that made all the difference．1."Loserville" is a section for ______ ．A. failuresB. good studentsC. class secretsD. newcomers2.The writer complained all the time in the new environment because ______ ．A. Ana didn't text back to herB. her friends hurt her feelingsC. she was unfairly treatedD. she was a good student3.What made a difference in changing the situation？ ______A. She went back to Illinois．B. She ended friendship with Ana．C. She fought back with her classmates．D. She began to make friends with others．4.The best title for the passage can be ______ ．A. Lasting FriendshipB. An Incidence at SchoolC. Say Goodbye to "Loserville"D. Unhappiness in "Loserville"BThese days everyone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint． In order to reduce global warming， we need to make our carbon footprints smaller． But how much CO are we responsible for？A new book by Mike Berners-Lee （a leading expert in carbon foot-printing） might be able to help． The Carbon Foot print of Everything looks at the different things we do and buy， and calculates the amount of CO2 they produce， including the ingredients， the electricity， the equipment， the transport and the packaging． And it's frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces．But all of this can help us decide which beer to drink． From Berners-Lee's calculations， it's clear that a pint （568 ml） of locally-brewed （酿制的） beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer． This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away， and it uses more packaging． The local beer only produces 300 g of CO2-but the imported beer produces 900 g! So， one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign beer from the supermarket．Berners-Lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work． Nothing is more environmentally - friendly than riding a bike， surely？ Well， it depends on what you've had to eat before． To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food． So， if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half， our footprint is 65 g of CO2． However， if we eat bacon before the bike ride， it's 200g． In fact， bananas are good in general because they don't need packaging． They can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight．So， does this mean that cycling is bad for the environment？ Absolutely not． If you cycle，you don t use your car； and the fewer cars on the road， the fewer traffic jams． And cars in traffic jams produce three times more CO2 than cars travelling at speed． Cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to a hospital． And hospitals have very big carbon footprints!So， maybe it's time for us all to start making some changes． Pass me a banana and a pint of local beer， please．5.Which of the followings produces the smallest carbon footprints？ ______A. A pint of local beer．B. A bottle of imported beer．C. A banana before a 1.5 km bike ride．D. Bacon before a 1.5 km bike ride．6.According to the article， the author suggests choosing the local food because it is ______ ．A. more tastyB. easier to buyC. better packagedD. more energy-saving7.The purpose of writing this article is to ______ ．A. promote a new bookB. advertise the imported beerC. instruct how to measure the carbon footprintD. encourage people to reduce the production of CO2CMost adults firmly believe that as kids reach their teens， they start to take crazy risks that get them in trouble． Do teenagers simply love taking all risks much more than adults？ A recent study suggests otherwise．Scientists designed a simple experiment involving 33 teenagers and three other age groups． In the experiment， the researchers tried to distinguish between two very different kinds of risk-taking． The first they called a willingness to take known risks （when the probability of winning is clear） and the second they called a willingness to take unknown risks （when the possibility of success is uncertain）．The study offered participants the opportunity to play two kinds of games． They had the chance to win money， with one game offering a known risk and the other offering an unknown risk． On each round of the game， each participant had to choose between taking a sure﹩5 and known orunknown risks of winning a lot more．If on one particular round they had picked the﹩5 for sure choice， then they got﹩5．But if on that round they had chosen to take a risk，the rules of the game will determine whether or not they had won．If they did win，they went home with between﹩8 and ﹩125． And， of course， if they lost， they went home with nothing．What the scientists found was really quite surprising． It turned out that the average teenager was very hesitant when risks were known-more careful than college students or parents-aged adults， and about as careful as grandparent-aged adults． This means that when the risks were known， teenagers were not risky in their behavior at all． Only when the risks were unclear did teenagers choose them more often than other groups． Under those kinds of conditions， they were much more willing to take a risk than any other group．So， what does all of this mean？ The research suggests that adults should probably focus more energy on trying to educate teenagers about risks than limiting them． Teenagers who understand the risks associated with a decision are more likely to be careful in their behavior．8.This experiment was carried out by ______A. dividing the teens into three groupsB. comparing the reactions to different risksC. giving equal amount of awards to the participantsD. observing the emotional changes of the teenager9.When facing known risks， teenagers tended to be ______ ．A. ambitsB. cautiousC. anxiousD. curious10.Which group in the study were more likely to take unknown risks？ ______A. Teenagers．B. College students．C. Parent-aged adults．D. Grandparent-aged adults．11.According to the study， parents should focus on ______ ．A. guaranteeing children to be carefulB. setting age limits on dangerous activitiesC. respecting teens to make their own choicesD. guiding teens to learn more about the effect of risksDShark attacks not only disturb beach activities， but can affect associated tourist industries． Shark nets are a common solution to preventing shark attacks on beaches， but they cause dangers to sea ecosystems．Seeking a cost-effective way to monitor beach safety over large areas， we have developed a system called Shark Spotter． It combines artificial intelligence （AI）， computing power， and drone （无人机） technology to identify and warn lifesavers to sharks near swimmers． The project is a cooperation between the University of Technology Sydney and The Ripper Group， which is pioneering the use of drones-called "Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers"-in the search and rescue movement in Australia．SharkSpotter can detect sharks and other potential threats using real-time aerial imagery． The system analyses video from a camera attached to a drone to monitor beaches for sharks， send warnings， and conduct rescues． Developed with techniques known as "deep learning"， the Shark Spotter system receives imagery from the drone camera and attempts to identify all objects in the scene． Once certain objects are detected， they are put into one of 16 categories： shark， whale，dolphin， rays， different types of boats， surfers， and swimmers．If a shark is detected， Shark Spotter provides both a visual sign on the computer screen and an audible warning to the operator． The operator confirms the warning and sends text messages from the Shark Spotter system to the Surf Life Savers for further action． In an emergency， the drone is equipped with a lifesaving flotation pod （漂浮仓） together with an electronic shark repellent （驱逐装置） that can be dropped into the water in cases where swimmers are in severe trouble， trapped in a rip， or if there are sharks close by．In January 2018， the Westpac Little Ripper Lifesavers was used to rescue two young swimmers caught in a rip at Lennox Head， NSW． The drone flew down the beach some 800 meters from the lifeguard station， and a lifesaving flotation pod was dropped from the drone． The complete rescue operation took 70 seconds．We believe Shark Spotter is a win-win for both marine life and beachgoers． This unique technology combines dynamic video image processing AI and advanced drone technology to creatively deal with the global challenge of ensuring safe beaches， protecting environments， and promoting tourism．12. A Shark Spotter is ______ ．A. a solution to monitor sharksB. an equipment to identify lifesaversC. a technology to prevent shark attacksD. a project to pioneer the use of drones13.When a shark is spotted near a swimmer， the system will ______ ．A. take timely actionB. analyze the visual dataC. classify the identified objectsD. turn on "deep learning" mode14.The example in the 5th paragraph shows us that the system is ______ ．A. efficient in saving livesB. effective in detecting sharksC. smart in driving sharks awayD. practical over the whole sea area15.What is the author's attitude towards the future of SharkSpotter？ ______A. Doubtful．B. Optimistic．C. Negative．D. Objective．二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Nowadays， WeChat is about expressing our opinions and Weibo is about collecting things we like． Both of them develop our self-focus． Self-focus simply means you pay attention to how you feel， think and behave． Self-focus isn't naturally a bad thing． Particularly in individualistic （个人主义的） cultures， we value our ability to be self-aware． (1)Unfortunately， when you are regularly focusing on yourself， you'll notice any dissatisfaction，anxiety， or general discomfort you might not have otherwise． (2) As a result， self-focus contributes to a wide range of mental health problems like anxiety．But quitting technology is no longer a practical solution． (3) For example， don't post about things you did， which focuses your attention on yourself． Instead， you could share advice and words of support from your smart phone． As a result， you'll feel better， and so will the people around you．Do you like to take selfies （自拍）？ It's easy to take a quick picture of yourself to show what you re doing， or how you re feeling． But paying attention to ourselves often makes us feel worse． (4) Do your best to highlight （突出） the wonderful things that make them special． In this way， you won't focus so much on your bad hair day， and you will get along better with your friends．(5) But if we can learn to move the focus off ourselves and onto doing good for others，technology can help us grow． Anyway， the point is that it's up to you to handle the ability of your self-focus．A． Too much self-focus means few friends．B． Self-focus is generally helpful in daily life．C． Therefore， try taking pictures of your friends．D． In fact， we can use technology in ways that are less self-focused．E． By bringing your attention to those negative emotions， you strengthen them．F． We want to know who we are and why we do what we do to uncover possible ways to improve our lives．G． Technology-when used in certain ways is having negative effects on our mental health and well-being．16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）"Sara， don't forget your promise to me that you will mow （割草） Mrs． Martin's yard this weekend，" said Dad． "Don't let me down．"Sara was the oldest child in the family， and one of her chores was to mow theiryard． Mrs． Martin， their (21) neighbor， was unable to take care of her yard in her 70s， so Sara's dad had (22)Sara for this job． (23) Mrs． Martin's yard was not big， Sara knew the job would go quickly． However， she still disliked her dad's (24)．"Why didn't you ask me first？" Sara had(25)．"Did you ask me first when you volunteered me to be in the school festival last fall？" asked Sara's father．"Well， no， I didn't ask you first， (26)you would have done those things anyway． You're always (27) to help．""I (28) when I can．" Dad answered． "Sara， we have known Mrs． Martin for a very long time． She has often(29)our family． Now we can do something for her． (30)， the feeling you get from helping someone makes you(31) who is really helping whom．""I don't know， Dad，" said Sara． "The only feeling I get from mowing our yard is(32)． ""Just you wait and see，" said DadAfter breakfast， Sara made her way to Mrs． Martin's yard． She was good at her job and soon had Mrs． Martins yard looking (33)． Mrs． Martin came outside with a big glass of orange juice and(34) it to her． Sara stopped her work and (35)enjoyed the drink， while Mrs． Martin talked to her about all of the flowers in her yard． Seeing the(36) in Mrs． Martin's eyes， Sara began to understand how much the yard (37) to Mrs． Martin．After finishing her drink， Sara returned to work with a new (38)． A warm feeling began to (39) through her body． Her dad was (40)． It was hard to tell who was helping whom!21. A. strange B. new C. aged D. faithful22. A. guided B. volunteered C. ordered D. forced23. A. Once B. Since C. Unless D. Although24. A. promise B. argument C. permission D. introduction25. A. replied B. suggested C. complained D. announced26. A. but B. so C. or D. for27. A. proud B. willing C. afraid D. fortunate28. A. choose B. succeed C. hesitate D. try29. A. respected B. changed C. protected D. helped30. A. Besides B. Instead C. Therefore D. Otherwise31. A. imagine B. explore C. worry D. wonder32. A. scared B. moved C. tired D. relaxed33. A. tidy B. alive C. empty D. messy34. A. threw B. delivered C. offered D. sold35. A. eagerly B. generously C. carefully D. gratefully36. A. determination B. peace C. curiosity D. joy37. A. related B. meant C. belonged D. referred38. A. attitude B. wisdom C. inspiration D. expectation39. A. exist B. fly C. spread D. break40. A. unusual B. right C. serious D. helpful四、语法填空（本大题共3小题，共15.0分）I have been to many places as a news reporter． In India， I visited a city where there were many(1) （ home） children． Some were as young as four years old． They lived in the streets (2) survived by begging or stealing． But then a wonderful lady (3) （ call） Rosa opened a home for them． Within one year， she was looking after two hundred children． She clothed them， fed them and taught them． She gave them hope．Online shopping (1) （welcome） by most people due to various reasons． For the consumers，it can save some time for the people (2) don't have much spare time． Just clicking the mouse， they can get what they want (3) staying at home． For the sellers， it can cut some costs for those without enough circulating funds． Compared with the traditional trade mode， they don't have to spend money in (4) （ rent） a house．Peter worked (1) a night watchman in a small factory． One morning his boss came in with a suitcase． He said to Peter， I'm going to New York tomorrow． See you． Peter said， "Oh， you mustn't go． The factory owner asked him why． Peter answered that he (2) （ have） a nightmare the night before． In the dream， he had seen the next day's plane to New York crash over the Atlantic Ocean． Peter's boss (3) （ immediate） cancelled his ticket and stayed in the office． The plane crashed； the boss thanked Peter and gave him a big present． Then he fired him．五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共35.0分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim对中国文化很感兴趣．他即将过生日，你给他准备了一件礼物并写信给他，内容包括：1．生日祝福；2．礼物介绍；3．选择该礼物的原因．注意：1．词数不少于50；2．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．Dear Jim，Yours，Li Hua假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你组织戏剧社成员排演《雷雨》参加学校戏剧节的全过程，并以 "Putting Thunderstorm on the School Stage"为题，给校刊"英语角"写一篇英文稿件．词数不少于60．Putting Thunderstorm on the School Stage。