历年考研英语语法完全版归纳
. 专业资料 英语语法总结全集
名词和主谓一致 一、 名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用 . 专业资料 a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。
3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。
二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin. 3）数学式子。 eg. Two plus five is seven. 4）书报杂志、、单位的名字。 eg. The Times is published daily. . 专业资料 The United States is a big country.
5）前面用a kind of, a sort of或this kind of, this sort of等词组的名词。 eg. This kind of tree(s) often grows well in warm weather. 6）代词either, neither作主语。 eg. Either of the plans is good. Neither of them was carrying a weapon. 7）many a/ more than one 加单数名词，或one out of加复数名词作主语。 eg. Many a young man has tried and failed. More than one employee has been dismissed. One out of ten thousand computers was infected with the virus. 2．通常被看作复数的主语部分 1）一些只有复数的名词如clothes, trousers, police等。 eg. These trousers are dirty. 但要注意比较：A new pair of trousers is what you need。 2）代词both作主语。 eg. Both of them have received high education. 3．需要进行分析才能确定的主语部分 1）代词all, some,作主语。 所代的名词是可数名词，就看作复数；是不可数名词，就看作单数。 eg. All is ready. (= Everything is ready.) All are present. (= All the people/students... are present.) 2）a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any, 20% of, half of...等词组作主语。 所修饰的名词是可数名词，就看作复数；是不可数名词，就看作单数。 . 专业资料 eg. 70% of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
90% of the graduates from the high school go to university. 3）关系代词who, which, that作主语。 由先行词决定单、复数。 eg. The student who is talking with the principal is Tom. The students who have chosen physics will have a test tomorrow. 但要注意one of ...与only one of...所修饰的先行词。 eg. He is one of the students in our class who have been to Beijing. He is the only one of the students who has been to London. 4）一些表示集体意义的名词如family, team, class等。 当这些名词强调的是一个整体时，看作单数；当它们强调的是这个集体中的成员时，看作复数。 eg. Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. My family are all early risers. 4．出现在句首，用连词或介词连接的两个名词或词组 1）用both...and...连接的两个名词看作复数。 Both Kate and Jean are football players. 2）用or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...连接的两个名词，由靠近动词的名词决定单复数。 Either you or I am to go. Not only the students but also the teacher has to observe the rules. 3）用as well as, (together) with, like, besides, but, except等连接的两个名词，由第一个名词决定单复数。 eg. His eyebrows as well as his hair are now white. No one but these two peasants has been there. 实际上这些都是介词短语提前，不是并列的主语。 . 专业资料 4）用and连接的两个名词有几种情况：
a)看作复数。 eg. Tom and Mary are primary pupils. b) 在有every ... and every ..., each ... and each ... 的时候；或用and连接的两个名词表示的是一件东西或一个人时，看作单数。 eg. Every boy and every girl in our country has the right to go to school. Bread and butter is what he eats for breakfast every day.
考研真题试析： As a result of destroying the forests, a large ____ of desert ____ covered the land. A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have 选B。因为第一格后的名词desert是不可数名词，所以A、C两项排除；又desert做主语，谓语要用单数形式。
He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 选D。因为定语从句的先行词是由only one of修饰，所以应看成单数；另外后面有时间状语for three years，所以用现在完成时态。
The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ____ pictures of them. A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of 选B。 空格后面的名词是复数，所以不可以选D，而many后不跟of用，所以A项排除；the number of的确是放在可数名词复数的前面，但意思是“......的数量”，不符合题意。
考研英语：历年真题长难句900句翻译及语法详解 (1)
考研英语圣经——历年真题长难句900句翻译及语法详解There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.【翻译】在美国大部分州成为一名律师只有一条途径：学生要先获得其他专业的四年本科学历，再在由美国律师协会授权的 200 所法律学校中的一所学校中学习三年获得法律学位，而且准备律师资格考试也需要昂贵的费用。
【句子结构分析】There is just one path ①for a lawyer in most American states: ②a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.本句为简单句，句子主干 There is just one path 为 there be 句型。
①for a lawyer 为介词结构作状语，表示对象；其后的 in most American states为介词结构地点状语；②并列的名词结构 a four-year undergraduate degree...a three-year law degree...and an expensive preparation... 作同位语，解释说明 one path；其中 in some unrelated subject 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 a four-year undergraduate degree；at one of 200 law schools 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 a three-year law degree；authorized by the American Bar Association为过去分词结构作后置定语，修饰 200 law schools；In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency.和雇用专业经理专门提高公司运营的效率，有助于减少成本，提高服务质量。
考研英语语法讲义
2017考研英语基础班讲义二〇一五年主编：Ada 司内部讲义翻版必究并列句一.定义：You may go with us, or you may stay at home.It was getting late; we had to go back.二．并列句连词1.表示转折关系的并列连词有：but, yet , nevertheless, while2.表示因果关系的并列连词有：for3.表示并列附加关系：and，not only…but also4.表示选择关系的：either…or neither….nor or三．并列句中的省略现象Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled.It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.He adds humbly that perhaps he was superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.(08)定语从句一．什么是定语二．定语的种类定语前置a lovely girl twenty students定语后置He give me a basket full of eggsA film about the life of workers.The ability to modify the environment.三．定语从句含义用句子做定语，放在被修饰对象的后面。
These are useful booksThese are the books which I needed in my research.区分：从句作定语和单词作定语的区别总结：定语从句的结构先行词+关系词+从句=定语从句四．定语从句的模式（一）先行词1.一个名词Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night…2．一个短语或者从句作名词概念We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.(2004年翻译)What the were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion ago.3.一个完整的句子He arrived an hour later, which annoyed his girlfriend very much.（二）关系代词which/who/whom/that/whose1.关系代词指代人That/who都可以充当从句的主语，宾语或者标语，但是，若先行词后出现逗号，这时的定语从句只能用who引导。
[研究生入学考试]考研英语语法
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背诵三四十篇文章，建立在语法很清楚的基础上。
核心1）句子的基本成分分析2）非谓语动词3）从句词法概述词性按词义、词形及在句子中的功能可分为十大类1）名词：表示人或事物的名称，英文缩写n。
2）代词：代替名词或是数词（没见过）英文缩写pron。
要搞清指代对象；个别情况下可以指代一个句子（it that this),在非限定性定语从句里（as witch)也可以指代句子；(one ones)也可作代词，只带前面的名词，分别指带前面名词的（单数和复数）3）形容词：标示人或是事物的性质和特征，adj 或a。
（比较级或是最高级）4）副词：修饰动词、形容词、或是其他副词，adv或ad。
5）数词：标示数量或顺序，num。
6）动词：标示动作和状态（及物动词、不及物动词）7）冠词：标示名词的泛指或特指，art。
A、an表示不特定the标示特定的8）介词：标示名词或代词与其他词的关系，prep。
(主要用在名词或是代词的前面）9）连词：连接词与词、短语与短语、或句子与句子，conj。
10）感叹词：interj。
主要从含义，词形，句法功能上区分句法的概述句子的成分：主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语等句子的成分分为两种1）组成句子的基本元素：除了下面两者都是基本成分2）附加成分：定语、状语（却两者是句子是完整的【剩余的为主干】，只是意思不完整）主语:标示描述的是“谁”“或什么”（名词、代词、或与之相应的短语或句子担任）谓语：说明主语的动作和所处的状态，由（动词和动词短语承担）。
表语：说明主语的性质、特征、状态、名称、身份等，与系动词一起使用，（由名词、代词和形容词或与之相当的短语或句子承担）宾语：标示动作的对象或内容，用于介词后构成介词宾语，（名词，代词，或与之相应的短语和句子）（1）介词宾语（2）动词宾语部分动词：后跟间接宾语和直接宾语，直接宾语指动作的内容，间接宾语指动作的对象。
补语：补充说明主语或宾语，（形容词、名词或与之相当的短语担任）定语：修饰或限定名词，由（形容词或与之相当的从句或短语担任）代词后也可以跟定语。
2019考研英语语法：攻克倒装句的两大方面
2019考研英语语法：攻克倒装句的两大方面一、何为倒装句1.倒装句的定义：动词在句子中的位置或相对位置发生改变。
2.倒装句的分类：部分倒装和完全倒装3.倒装句的处理流程：识别和还原二、倒装句的处理1.部分倒装定义：系动词、情态动词或助动词被置于主语前为部分倒装(实意动词位置未发生改变)。
识别与还原：如果在系动词、情态动词和助动词后出现名词能够判定为部分倒装。
部分倒装的还原十分简单：将系动词、情态动词和助动词还原，助动词有时也需要去掉。
考生们在阅读过程中只需要了解这个个倒装，将其还原为正常语序，而不是要深究为什么要到装，要知道，语法的某些层面是最说不清道不明的。
例1：She worked hard , so /as did her husband。
她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。
例2：Hard as he worked , he did not pass the exam。
虽然他很用功，但是还是没及格。
2.完全倒装定义：动词前后的成分完全倒置(动词的相对位置发生改变)。
存有环境：主系表倒装为表系主。
在句中充当主语和表语的成分：A。
主语：名词、代词、动词不定式，动名词;B。
表语：形容词，形容词短语，现在分词短语，过去分词短语(以上成为形容词性的词);介词短语(方位副词)。
系动词分类：状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。
持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度，主要有keep，rest，remain，stay，lie，stand。
表“像”系动词：用来表示“看起来像”这个概念，主要有seem，appear，look。
感官系动词感官系动词主要有：feel，smell，sound，taste。
变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become , grow , turn , fall , get , go , come , run。
终止系动词：表示主语已经终止动作，主要有prove ，turn out ,表达“证实”，“变成”之意。
2020考研英语之语法考点口诀记忆篇
2020考研英语之语法考点口诀记忆篇(上)考研英语是所有备考科目中比较难的科目，语法长难句部分更是重点，所以我们要特别注意。
为此，择研学姐整理了“2020考研英语之语法考点口诀记忆篇(上)”的文章，希望对大家有所帮助。
1、现在进行时Look, Listen是标志，现在进行正发生;有时now在句中现，“be+v-ing”时态成。
若问be用何形式，须看主语数、人称。
三单is我am,你和复数are紧随 (即：He / She is, I am. We, you,they后are紧跟)。
v-ing形式更好记，三种构成要分清。
一般问句be提前，be后not否定成！2、一般现在时一般现在时态中，动词一般用原形。
表述事实讲真理，习惯动作常发生。
动词词尾加-s(es)，只表单数三人称。
若变一般疑问句，得看句型是哪种。
系表结构和there be, be放句首即完成;若遇实义动词句，do或does莫忘记！3、一般过去时肯定句的过去式，规则动词加ed，不规则的必须记。
否定形式疑问句，没有be加did。
如把did加在前，动词还要归原形。
4、基数词变序数词基变序，很容易，一二三，特殊记，th从四起。
八去t来九去e，遇到ve，f 替，ty变为tie，后加th莫迟疑，若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。
5、时间介词巧记歌年、月、季节前用in， (如：in 2008, in September, in spring)日期前面行不通。
遇到几号或星期改用on来做代替， (如：on January 1，onWedesday)上午、下午、晚上仍用in。
(如：in the morning/afternoon/evening)若是某日上下午，也是用on才能行。
(如：on theevening of the Mid-autumn Day)正午、夜里用at， (如：at noon, at night)时、分用法也同理。
(如：, at two, at two)如若“差”点须加to， (如：two to two)如若“过”点改past。
2022考研英语语法：代词词汇解析
考研英语语法：代词词汇解析考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由我为你精心准备了“考研英语语法：代词词汇解析”，将可以更多的!考研英语语法：代词词汇解析一、人称代词(一)人称代词的主格、宾格人称代词的主格在句中作主语、表语，宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语，主格和宾格不可混用。
例句： When school was over， Jack and me went home together.分析： me应改为I，因为它处在主语的位置上。
例句： Each cigarette which a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease from its effect. (1996年第14题) 分析：该句是复合句，其中which a person smokes是修饰each cigarette的定语从句，he指代前面的a person。
译文：一个人吸的每一支烟都对他的身体有害，最终他将因吸烟患上一种严重的疾病。
(二)it的用法1. 代替除人以外的一切生物或事物(可代替单个词、词组或句子)。
例句： The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes. (20XX年第19题)分析：该句是复合句，其中he composes是省略了关系代词which/that的定语从句，修饰the moment, 而almost as much as the composer作状语修饰enjoys。
译文：理想的听众是当音乐奏响时既能置身其中又可超然其外的人，并且几乎可以像作曲家在创作音乐时那样享受音乐。
2021考研英语知识点：定语从句的语法精析
2021考研英语知识点：定语从句的语法精析考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是该注意的，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语知识点：定语从句的语法精析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2021考研英语知识点：定语从句的语法精析语法是考研英语的基础，这部分在研究生英语考试中不再单独考查，但是语法知识贯穿在整个英语考卷的各个题型中。
完型填空题会直接考查语法知识;阅读理解题和英译汉中有大量的长难句，这些句子只有具备一定的语法知识才能正确分析;作文中要写出正确无误的句子，也需要语法知识。
这部分基础如果欠缺，其它的综合能力提高起来将会很慢，所以所有考生都务必重视考研语法的复习。
从句就是一个主谓结构相当于整个句子(这样的句子叫复合句)中的一个成分，因此从句不能单独使用。
在复合句中修饰名词或代词、作定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句是中国人学英语最重要的难点之一。
其实定语从句很有规律，总结如下：在关系代词中that既可指人又可指物、既可作主语又可作宾语，因此，除了在非限定性定语从句中，用that一般不会出问题。
关系副词的用法比较单一，它们从句中只起状语的作用，表示时间的就用who门，表示地点的就用where，而why只修饰一个词，即reason。
定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。
•关系代词：who，which，that作从句的主语whom，which，that作从句的宾语(可省略)whose从句中作定语以下情况只能用that，不能用which:i.先行词为不定代词all, little, none，any，every，no，much, anything, nothingii. 先行词有最高级和序数词修饰时(包括: the only, the very, the same, the last, the next等)iii.先行词既有人又有物的时候以下情况只能用which，不能用that;① 引导非限制性定语从句(包括代表整个主句的意思时)② 介词+关系代词的结构中•关系副词：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，只修饰reason。
2023年考研英语总结归纳-个人用心整理
一、简单句1、主谓•例句：Love hurts.•个人解读：这里的动词是大多都是不及物动词，动词后面不需要加宾语就可以表达出完整意思的句子。
2、主谓宾•例句：I love you .•个人解读：这里的东西大多都是及物动词，即动词后面需要加宾语才可以表达完整的句子。
3、主谓宾宾补•例句：Love makes man grow up or sink down.•检验原则：宾语和补语之间加一个系动词，可以构成语义通顺的句子。
4、主谓宾（指人）宾（指物）•检验原则：两个宾语可以调换位置5、主系表•例句：You are my sunshine.二、句子成分的二元结构三、并列句定义：由并列连词（如and,so , but, or)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。
1.表转折的并列连词：but, yet, while , however , still , on the contrary2.表示选择的并列连词：主要为or，其他为：either……or，neither……or，otherwise3、表平行关系的并列连词：not only……but also，on the one h and ……on the other hand4、表因果关系的并列连词：for，therefore，so，thus注：（1）so不能与because连用。
（2）but，while，不能与although连用，但是yet，still可与although连用。
四、如何从主从复合句中找到主句？第一步：找到所有的引导词第二步：引导词之后的第一个动词为从句谓语动词第三步：所有从句谓语动词找到之后，最后剩下的即为主句的谓语动词。
•引导词省略的情况：1.宾语从句的引导词that常省略。
2.宾语从句的先行词如果在从句中做宾语时，引导词常省略。
五、各大从句1.主语从句：（连接词＋简单句）＋谓语＋宾语例句：what is worth doing is worthing doing well.主语从句的变体：•It is +形容词＋that从句•It is +名词短语＋that从句•It is +过去分词＋that从句•It +不及物动词或短语＋that从句2、宾语从句：主语＋谓语＋（连接词＋简单句）例句：We believe that he is honest.3、表语从句：主语＋系动词＋（连接词＋简单句）例句：The problem was that who could go there.4、同位语从句：名词＋连接词＋简单句例句：They were worried over the fact that you were sick.•同位语从句与定语从句的区别:（1）同位语从句是名词后的完整句子，定语从句是名词后的不完整的句子。
2014考研英语英语语法讲义(全国)(2013年3月修订)
2014考研基础讲义之语法解绝真题课程目的：词汇+语法=句子+句子=文章，故有了语法，解决根本问题。
引言：语法的意义何在（什么是语法）（1997年翻译）On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none.（2006年阅读4）happiness more often than not ends in sadness.乐极生悲（2012年翻译）Chomsk y’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.指导：如何解决考研语法：一个核心：谓语三种残缺：非谓语动词to do, doing ,done两种顺序：定语(对于名词的修饰和限制)，状语（对于谓语动词发生状态的修饰和限定：时间、地点、起因，结果！人物，经过是谓语，不是可有可无，）五种从句：在另一个句子里做成分的简单句！从句不能独立存在！主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句、同位语从句五种结构：一.语法核心——谓语（一个核心）1.谓语的意义：（2002 年阅读）Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher in the short term.2.谓语判断原则：提示记录区：动词分类1）2）3）英语时态语态一览表： 时间 状态 备注3.谓语判断举例：（1996年翻译）This trend began during the second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.二.非谓语动词（三种残缺） 1. 非谓语动词来源： 非谓语动词 谓语类型谓语来源残缺部分谓语含义非谓语翻译可做成分to do doing done done doing2. 非谓语动词举例： 1）做主语+宾语（2012年翻译）To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.2）定语Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.（2012年阅读TEXT1）4）状语Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it提示记录区：简单句的成分提示记录区：done 和doing 作定语open for another 20 years.（2012年阅读TEXT2）3. to do 的形式用法1）形式主语（2005年翻译）It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.2）形式宾语：（2007年新题型）All these activities can prevent the growth of important communicationand thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.3）that形式主语（2004年阅读TEXT2）It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.4) 强调结构：（2009Text2）It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.三.定语与状语（两种顺序）1. 定语成分与顺序1）定语成分一览表定语成分形容词名词代词分词不定式介词短语定语从句前置定语后置定语2）定语翻译举例举例一：（2011年text1）The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since thesudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.举例二：（1997年text5）Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy toa soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science.提示记录区：定语翻译顺序2. 状语分类与顺序1. 状语分类状语分类时间地点原因目的条件让步结果比较方式代表句前分隔主谓之间句尾部分2. 状语成分状语成分状语举例状语位置3.状语的翻译中文状语语序：英语状语语序：4. 条件状语的真伪（虚拟语气）情况条件结果备注现在真实现在虚拟过去真实过去虚拟将来真实将来虚拟真题举例一：（2003年text1）Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.41. The emergence of the Net has ________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession提示记录区：状语翻译顺序提示记录区：介词短语的作用四.五种从句1. 从句概念与分类2. 引导词A.关系代词B.关系副词3. 从句特征一览表从句类型特征引导词举例翻译方式主语从句宾（表）语从句定语从句同位语从句状语从句4. 定语从句的特殊性1）限定性定语从句He likes his father who gives money to him.2）有介词的定语从句举例一（2003年text3）It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroadsin the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.举例二（2003年翻译)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thussubjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.3）使用关系副词的定语从句举例三（2010年text1）It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty toimagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-citynewspapers.举例四(2010年翻译)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.五.五种结构1. 代词指代核心三原则：1. 2. 3.（2012年翻译）Chomsky’s grammar should show pattern s of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.2. 平行比较结构1）平行原则：1. 2.（1995年翻译）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.2）比较原则：1. 2.（1995年翻译）Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.3. 省略（1）重复省略1.In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.（2012年TEXT4）2.The teachers’unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.（2012年TEXT4）3.Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? （2005年TEXT2）（2）简洁省略A B C DB. European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise.（2010年TEXT4）C.The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.（2012年TEXT2）D.This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.（2012年TEXT1）4. 分隔结构（1）Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher in the short term.（2002 年阅读TEXT1）（2）Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. （2012 年阅读TEXT4）（3）And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.（2012 年阅读TEXT1）5. 倒装结构1）部分倒装：a b c（1986年text1）Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator.(2009年text3)Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.（1996年text5）And so it does -- and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.2）完全倒装:a. b. c.At the core of this debate was chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.（1997, passage 4）Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. (1998passage 5)。
考研英语语法_1
考研英语语法考研英语语法考研英语语法1首先看语法分成哪几块:第一：句法知识部分，包括英语的十大词类、两大句型、八大句子成分、主从句、单复句。
第二：语法知识部分，包括时态、语态、虚拟语气、非谓语、三大从句等等。
句法知识，是语法知识的基础，语法知识是英语学习的内核，在系统学习语法之前必须要有基本的句法知识！如果你真正的想学透语法，理解英语语法的原理，那么建议你看这几个视频，花半小时看完《英语思维课程句法分析基础》视频，先搞定句法知识，建立起扎实的语法地基；然后再花半小时看完《英语思维课程英语时态的原理》《英语思维课程动词的秘密》《英语时间的秘密》几个视频基本就把英语语法的结构体系理顺了，英语语法也就基本入门了。
如果你实在想看书，那么建议你看《英语思维：解密英语语法的原理》，华东理工大学出版，国内第一本讲解英语语法原理和思维内涵的书；是第一本真正系统完整的呈现英语语法框架体系全貌的书。
学完此书后，你对英语语法的理解会有脱胎换骨之感。
最全最实用的应该是徐广联的《大学英语语法讲座与测试》，最新版第五版可以看下文都名师何凯文的书单词是文章的基础，文章中若有大部份的关键单词不认识，那将大大阻碍你对文章的理解。
虽然考研英语没有专门的语法题，但语法是解决真题里长难句的关键，没有过硬的语法知识，长难句几乎没法下手。
研究近十年的真题，研究最近阶段命题人是如何设置考点与陷阱的。
真题必须在规定的时间内做完(这样你才能适应考研英语的强度)，做完后对答案，然后每半天分析一篇文章：记忆文章中不认识的生词，分析长难句，可用在作文中的搭配与句型。
考研不只是考英语，还有数学、专业课和政治，要对各科时间安排有大体的计划，一旦计划制定之后，就必须认真的执行。
不要随便跟风与改变自己的计划。
CjZ主要找到适合自己的老师，然后扎扎实实地听课、看书、做题，制定合理的目标，并坚决地执行。
考研英语语法2除了背单词，开始20某某考研英语复习的同学们究竟还要复习什么?除了单词，语法的复习也不容小觑，因为语法也是考研英语的基础，这部分在研究生英语考试中不再单独考查，但是语法知识贯穿在整个英语考卷的各个题型中。