国际金融双语测试题
国际经济与贸易(双语)-教学大纲
《国际经济与贸易》教学大纲课程编号：112602B课程类型：□通识教育必修课□通识教育选修课□专业必修课√专业选修课□学科基础课总学时：32 讲课学时： 32学分：2适用对象：金融学（国际金融英文班）先修课程：经济学、金融学一、教学目标本课程的主要目标：本门课程的教学，旨在使学生了解和掌握《国际经济学》中的主要理论和研究方法，并能灵活运用所学的理论和方法研究和分析国际经济领域的问题和现象，认识现象和问题的本质属性。
Through the teaching of this course, students should know and seize the major theories and inquisitive method of the international economics. Meanwhile, students should be able to research and analyze some problem and phenomena and understand the substantial properties in the field of international economy according to the theories and methods studied in this course.二、教学内容及其与毕业要求的对应关系要求学生掌握国际贸易基本理论、基本知识，了解当代国际贸易的热点问题及发展趋势，把握国际贸易理论研究前沿。
学完本课程后，应达到以下基本要求：1、了解国际贸易理论前沿和发展状况，能够理解和掌握国际贸易基本概念、历史、理论、政策、新趋势和新实践等基本知识，掌握国际贸易基本方法和基本知识；2、了解国际贸易实践，通过案例教学把握国际贸易的实际情况，能够理论联系实际解决问题，具有分析和解决国际贸易实际问题的能力和研究、分析和编写报告的能力；3、使学生能够运用所学知识，正确分析和解释国际贸易问题与现象。
国际结算
CHAPS: Clearing House Automated Payment System 交换银 行自动收付系统
1984年创建，由12家清算银行组成，非清算银行进行英镑
支付时，需借助于这12家清算银行来完成；1996年开始使 用此系统进行同日内的英镑支付；1999年，清算系统分为 英镑CHAPS和欧元CHAPS两大系统。
1、中央银行拥有并经营
美国联邦储备体系、日本银行、德意志联邦银行、中国人民银行
2、私营清算机构拥有并经营
纽约清算所协会的CHIPS系统、英国的CHAPS系统、日本东京银行 家协会的全银数据通信系统等。但各系统清算仍通过央行账户进行。
3、各银行拥有并运行的行内支付系统
各商业银行都开通了各自的电子资金汇兑系统
资金转账系统70%以上的用户以电子方式与联储相连接。 其他的通过专用路线、脱机电话指令方式等发送资金转账 命令。
（PS: Clearing House Inter-bank Payment System 清算 所同业支付系统
由纽约清算协会拥有的私营支付系统，1970年建立。
国际结算的范围及内容
1、范围：国际间
2、内容：
支付工具及结算方式的选择与运用； 各种商业单据的处理与交接；
商品货款及劳务价款的索取与偿付；
短期或中长期贸易的融资与运营； 信用担保的提供与应用；
国际清算系统及支付体系的建设与运行；
国际银行间资金的转账与划拨等。
3、角度：银行
二、国际结算的分类
票据基本知识
汇票及案例
本票及案例
支票及案例
3．国际结算方式
汇款及案例
托收及案例
中外合作办学模式下国际金融专业双语教学思考
中外合作办学模式下国际金融专业双语教学思考摘要：关于中外合作办学的相关专业中进行双语教学，是必要的，但对于如何进行课程的选择和教学的安排一直存在许多争议。
本文拟对中外合作办学模式下国际金融专业的双语教学进行分析，希望可以提出一定有建设性的建议。
关键词：中外合作办学；国际金融；双语教学随着经济全球化进程的加快，教育国际化进程也逐渐加快。
中外合作办学正是教育国际化进程中的产物，这种新型教育模式引进国外的优质教育资源，在合作中优化和改进现有的教育资源，是对传统教育模式的优化和整合。
近年来，许多高校都在这种国际化大潮中与国外高校建立合作关系，在国内出现了一系列合作办学的专业。
本文将以中外合作办学模式下国际金融专业为例，分析国际金融专业双语教学应该注意的一些问题，并提出一定的合理化建议。
一、国际金融专业双语教学课程开设的建议一般来说，国际金融专业的课程设置从经济学和金融学的基础课开始，涵盖了银行、证券、保险、财会等二三十门专业课程，哪些课程适合开展双语教学？哪些不适合？这是值得我们认真考虑的地方。
经济学的课程既不同于一般文科课程的偏重文字表述为主的理论教学，也不同于理工课程偏重数理运算逻辑分析为主的教学，属于兼具了两种课程特点的学科，金融学也是如此。
课程的不同，对教学语言的要求也就不同，能够开展双语教学的课程，一定首先要照顾到课程的本身，还要考虑到学生的情况和课程上下衔接的要求，绝不能为了双语而双语，这样不但会失去了双语教学的良好效果，也会影响到学生学习专业课程的整体效果，那样就得不偿失了。
第一，建议双语课程的开设以高年级的课程为主，尽可能减少在低年级的基础课上开设。
双语教学的开展实际上既提高了对教师的外语要求，也提高了学生们专业课的外语门槛。
一般低年级学生的外语能力可能四级水平都还达不到，更谈不上熟练应用专业外语了，如果强制在低年级基础课中安排双语课程的教学，大多数学生的接受度会很差，学习效果不好，从而对学生整个教学周期的专业课程和双语教学产生厌恶感和恐惧感。
开展《国际金融》双语教学的实践探索
３分班授课 ， ． 不强求统一。 ０ ６ ２０ 年 ， 在２ ０～ ０ ８ 我们
为大 三各 班学 生 同 时开 设 了双 语 国 际金 融课 程 。 后 来 发现 教 学效 果 不佳 。 因是有 些 、 利用外文资料关等。 具体要求 ： 一是 申 请 讲 授 双 语 课 的教 师 在 开 课 之 前 要 进 行 双 语 课 试
作 的Ｐｅｅｔｉｎ 多 以Ｐ Ｔ 式 ） ， ｒｓｎａｏ （ ｔ Ｐ形 等 都采 用 英文 。 中 文班 的教材 、 课 材料 和语 言 、 卷 文 字 、 讲 试 作业 及 回
答、 学生 搜 集材 料 展示 等 ， 全采 用 中文 。 为 了满 完 但
足 中文 班 的部分 学 生 愿意学 点专 业英 语 的愿望 ， 我 们在 中文班 讲 解 国 际金融 时 也 穿插 一些 英 文 材料 。 分班 后 ， 效 避免 了因学 生外 语水 平参 差 不 齐给 双 有
有通过Ｃ Ｔ ４ Ｅ 一 的学 生 ） 到 中文 班 。 双 语班 ， 了 分 在 除 课 堂讲 解使 用英 文和 中文两 种语 言外 ， 他如 课本 、 其 讲 课 用 的Ｐ Ｔ Ｐ 文件 、 业 及 回答 、 卷 、 生 在 课 堂 作 试 学
的 能力 ， 曾 经从 事过 类 似双 语课 程 的讲 授 。结 合 或
文章 编 号 ：０ ６ ３ ４ （０ ００ — ０ ３ ０ １０ — ５ ４ ２ １ ）３ ０ ６ － ３
《 国际金融》 比较成熟的双语课之一。 是 经过几
年 的讲 授 ， 总 结 了一 些 经 验 ， 既 也发 现 其 中很 多不 足， 值得 进一 步反思 和完 善 。
一
的知识 不 至于 落伍 ， 以便 学 有所 用 。 二 条原 则是 ， 第 要篇 幅适度 。 从我 国高等 教育 财 经类 专 业 的培养 方 案来 看 ， 金融类 必修课 一 般每学 期 只安排４ 课 时 ， ８ 每 周 约３ 时 。 课 以此课 时量 为限 ， 文教 材不 能太厚 ， 外 内 容不 宜 过 多 ， 否则 ， 个学 期 教 下来 ， 一 教材 讲 不完 或 讲 的太粗 ， 习效果 将大 打折扣 。 学
国际金融课程双语教学系统设计初探
是一条有效的途径。财经类专业在部分专业基础课 和专业 课 中 开 展 双 语 教 学 在 我 国 已有 十几 年 的历 史， 尽管人们对其效果 褒贬不一 ， 但教 育部在 ２０ ０４
课程混合使用 两种语 言进行 授课和 学习 的教学 方 式， 目的在于向学生传授专业课程知识 的同时 ， 其 提 高学生在专业课程上的英语读 、 听、 写、 说能力 ， 培养
国 际金 融 课 程双 语教 学 系统 设 计 初 探
王叙果 ， 郁洪 良
（ 南京审计学 院 金融 学院 ，江苏 南京 ２０２） ０９ １
［ 要］ 摘 双语教 学是财 经类专业教学 与国际通行模 式接轨 的有效途 径。为培 养 学生理 解和解 决 国际金 融 Ｉ ＇ ｄ 题 的能力 ， 合理设计 国际金 融课 程双语 教学系统模 式 显得 非常 重要 。选择 “ 主体 ” 主导 的双 语教 学 系统模 式 ， 通
国际金 融教 材是 国际 金融课 程 双语教 学 系统 中
（ 两者为人员要素） 教材 （ 、 教学信息要素） 和教学媒
体（ 物质要素） 等四个基本的构成性要素。这些要素
之间的相互作用 、 相互依赖、 相互制约又构成系统输 入和输 出之间复杂的运行过程 ， 也就是我们常说 的 教学过程。国际金融课程双语教学系统设计必须合 理 地处 理这 四个要 素之 间 的关 系 。 教学系统分为三大类 ： 其一， 以教为主的教学系 统设计模式； 其二 ， 以学为主的教学系统设计模式 ； 其三 ，教师为主导 、 “ 学生为主体” 的教学系统设计模 式（ 简称“ 主导一 主体” 模式） 。我们认 为“ 主导 主
・ ７ ・ ３
维普资讯
理论、 学习理论和教学理论为基础 ， 根据国际金融学 科的基本特点 ， 运用系统论的观点和方法 ， 分析国际
金融学专业课程双语教学实践中的问题与思考
理， 加强师生之 间的有效沟通 、 互动， 开展多种形式的双语教学活动。
关 键 词 ： 融学 专 业 课 程 ； 语 教 学 ； 金 双 问题 ； 路 思 中图 分 类 号 ：Ｇ ４ ６２ 文 献 标 识 码 ： Ａ 文 章 编 号 ： ６ １ ４ ９ －２０ ）０ ０ ０－ ２ １ ７ － ７２ （０ ９１ － ２ ６ ０ 的 复 合 型人 才 的 必要 途 径 。 ２ 双 语 教 学 实践 中 出现 的 问题
的。开展金融学专业课程的双语教学， 使学生同时掌握学科 的专业知识和相应的专业外语 ， 既为其未来从事实务打下基 础，更重要则是使其具备进一步 阅读外文专业文献 的能力 目前，许 多学 校将双语教学 的 目标 定位为提高英语教学质 量， 甚至提 出要 以此提高学 生的英语听说能力， 少部分学生 也抱着为通 过四、 六级考试 的 目的而选择双语课程 ， 这是值 得商榷的。笔者认为， 提高学生 的英语听 、 、 写能力， 说 读、 应
题。
题 一 考
学工作， 提高教学质量的若干意见 标志着双语教学在全 国 ， 高校的本 科教育 中正式 推广 。而后，２ ０ ０４年全 国高校双语 教学工作协作组正式成立；２ ０ 年 由浙江大学承建的“ 国 ０６ 全 高校双语教学资源网 ｈ ｔ ：／ ｗ ．ｔ ｃ ｅ ｕ ｃ ”开通 ；０ ７ ｔ ｐ ／ ｗ ｗ ｂ ｒ ．ｄ ．ｎ ２ ０ 年启动双语教学 全国示范课程建设项 目。多年来， 双语教学 在 国内高校不断升温和普及 ， 各类高校都开展 了不 同程度 的
教 蕊
１ 双语 教 学 及 其 必 要 性
双语 教学 （ｉ ｉｇ ａ ｄ ｅ ｔ ） Ｂ ｌ ｎ ｕ ｌ Ｅ ｕ ａ ｉｎ 一般 被定义为 同时使 ｏ 用母语 （ 也称第 一语言） 和第二语 言 （ 或外语） 来组织 、 排、 安 实施教学活动， 使学生在学 习的过 程 中， 可以通过两 种不 同 语言对 同一知识的描述 ， 达到理解、 思考进而掌握的 目的。由 于英语处于国际语言的地位， 因此在我国双语教学一般是指 同时用汉语和英语 进行学 科教学 的一种体系， 以提 高学 生全 球意识和国际化交 流能力 。 上世纪 ９ ０年代，我国就开始在部分重 点院校进行双语 教学试点 。２ ０ 年， ０ １ 教育部 制定 （ （ 关于加 强高等学校本科教
金融行业证书(全)
• 金融风险管理师（FRM） • 考试内容： FRM进行全英文考试，考试只有一级，时间为5小时，全 部是标准化试题，140道左右的多项选择题。考试内容包括市场风险 衡量与管理、信用风险衡量与管理、操作与整体风险管理、法律、会 计与伦理等，复习备考时间约为14周。每年11月中旬举行一次考试， 在国内北京和上海设有考点。 • 报考条件： 报考条件较为宽松，对报考者的学历、行业没有限制，在 校大学生也可报考。目前在考人员主要有金融机构风控人员，金融单 位稽核、资产管理者、基金经理人、金融交易员（经纪人）、投资银 行业者、商业银行、风险科技业者、风险顾问业者、企业财会与稽核 部门、CFO、MIS、CIO。其中大部分为服务于大型企业与金融业工 作者为主。 • 证书获得： 应考人员FRM考试分数线达标，在金融风险管理或贸易、 投资管理、经济、审计等相关领域至少具有两年的工作经验，同时又 是GARP会员方能被授予FRM资格证书。 • 考试费用：参加FRM认证考试的费用成本较高，每次考试收费不低 于500美元，国内相关培训费用也动辄万元人民币
通过三级考试最低费 用： 360*3+375*8.08=1175 6.4 元 RMB (不含教 材)(美元兑人民币按照 8.08折算 ，直接美元 付费亦可）
特点
□ 偏向美国市场 □ 历史悠久 □ 知名度高、应 考人数众多 □ 不限制代理训 练机构
耗时、耗力的投入，但极具投资回报：
准备考试的过程中可重新系统巩固专业知识 拥有了CIIA、CFA资格，就是一个投资决策管理 人员高执业水平和道德水准的有力证明。 世界许多国家的相关行业都将其作为一个行业高 水平人员的衡量标准。对获得资格者重以重任， 报以高薪。
通过率：基础和法规
名称
注册国际投资分析师 CIIA 中文或英文
国际金融课程双语教学方法探析
双 语 教 学 己成 为高 校 专 业课 教 学 的 个 热 门话 题 ，它 无疑 推进 了高 校 教 育 的改 革 。 随着 我 国 逐步 的 与 世 界 其 它 国 家 的经 济 合 作 与往 来 的深 入 ， 鉴 于 国 际 金 融 这 门课 的性 质 和意 义 ， 实 施 双 语 教 学 非 常 必 要 。如 何 进 行 国 际 金 融 的 双语 教 学 ，本 人 在 教 学 实践 中 ， 逐渐 的 摸 索
一
较 高级形式 。过 渡型双 语教学 （ ａｓｔｏ ｌ ｔ ｎｉｉ ａ ｒ ｎ ｂｌ ｇ ｌｅ ｃｔ ｎ：教学过程中全部采用英 ｉｉ ｕ ｄ ａｉ ） ｎａ ｕ ｏ 文 的教学 资料 。但交替使用汉语和英语两种 语 言进行 教学 。教师 的英 文表 达 根 据学 生 的接受能力和实际需要而定，适当辅 以汉 语 解 释 和 说 明， 让学 生 更 加深 刻 理 解学 科 理 论及 其意 义 ，课 堂英 语使用 的 比重 一般 不超 过 ３％ ０ 。维 持 型双 语 教学 （ ｉｔｎｎｅ ｍ ｎｅａｃ ａ ｂｌｎｕｌｅｕａｉｎ：教 学过 程 中使 用 外 ｉｉｇａ ｄｃｔｏ） 文 教 材 ，但 是 母 语 讲 授 ， 只 在 必 要 的 时 候 展 示 英 文 。该 方 法 强 调 专 业 词 汇 的渗 透 学 科 概 念 以及 公式 的表 达等 ，课 堂 英 语 使 用 的 比 重 一 般 在 １ ％ 右 。这 属 ０左 于 比较 低 级 的形 式 。 本 文 认 为 应 根 据 学 生 的 实 际 情 况
学 生 学 习 双 语 课 程 面 临 很 大 困难 ， 因此 需 要 教 师 必 须研 究 双 语 教 学方 法 ， 提 高
教 学策 略 。
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国际金融主干课程双语教学探析
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国际服务贸易双语
国际服务贸易（双语）(International trade in services)课程教案2018 - 2019学年第一学期西安培华学院会计与金融学院课程教案基本信息表2018 - 2019学年第一学期授课计划2018- 2019学年第一学期授课计划表Chapter 1 Introduction to Service Economy （6hrs）【Teaching Purposes and Requirements】●Grasp the basic concept，classification and features of service,● Familiarize the relative theory of service industry●Understand the basic concept of the trade in services【Learning Objectives】This chapter mainly explains the basic concept of international service trade, including service, service industry and service trade.【Key and difficult points】Grasp the basic concept，classification and features of service, service industry and service tradeUnderstand the basic concept of the trade in services【Teaching Contents】Step 1: Warm-up (case discussion)1.What is service in your mind? Or give me some key words related to service.Key: It’s quite different from go ods, which is visible and tangible. It means you can see it, touch it and transfer it to others. While service is invisible and intangible, you can just feel it—it's a kind of mental satisfaction, to meet customers’ specific needs.Another feature is when you buying service it will be produced and consumed at the same time.2.How about China’s service industry development in the past days?Key: With the rapid development of the world service economy, the core of the international trade is turning from the traditional trade in goods into the one in services.Generally speaking, though China trade in services started in the low point, it has improved rapidly with great potentiality.In order to enlarge the trade scale, improve the trade structure in services and promote the world competitive power of trade in services, international trade in services will be a new increase in the will-be economy in our country.Step 2:Section 1 Understanding of serviceIn the economics, goods that can satisfy people’s nee ds can be divided into two kinds:① free goods ② economic goods•Free goods---you don’t need to try your effort to obtain; such as sun, air, sea, mountain.•Economic goods– you have to show your effort to obtain them, which are so important and limited in this society. They can be divided into two: tangible goods and intangible services.Firstly let’s go over the historical definition of service.1.1 definition of service1). Before the World War Ⅱ: Definition of services were not clear.＊French economist— Jean Baptiste Say (萨伊，1767-1832)He proposed in the book Introduction to Political Economics that the invisible goods(service) are the fruit of human labor and the capital outcome as well.＊French economist— Claude Frederic Bastiat (巴斯夏,1801-1850)Bastiat contributed a lot in the theory of service economics with his main idea to the service value called Transaction Theory. He proposed in the book Theory of Economic Harmony that this(labor service) is one effort.To A, service is the effort he provides and to B, service is the demand and contentment. Labor service must include the transaction of transfer because it cannot be supplied if it is not accepted by people.＊Karl Marx (卡尔·马克思，1818-1883)He showed a penetrating definition of service: the word service normally refers to the special value-in-use made by this kind of labor just as other goods supplies its own special value-in-use. But this special use value of labor is called service because labor is not goods but the activity to supply service.This definition first of all proves that service is value-in-use, is the labor production, and is the social wealth to make the transactions in the market. Then this definition expresses that the difference between service and other goods is only the patterns, Goods get the visible pattern but service expresses the pattern of activities.2).After the World War Ⅱ: Services have been defined as an activity to sell to bebenefited and satisfied.＊Marketing expert—Philip Kotler (科勒特，1967)＊V.Fuchs (V.富克斯，1968)＊T.P.Hill (霍尔)＊Gronroos (格鲁诺斯)Gronroos defined service on the basis of the previous research as ‘an action or a series of actions that solve customer’s problems and usually happen in an intangible form between customer and service clerk, among tangible resources and goods or service system.’Up to now in the whole worldwide there is no unified and standardized definition of service. We just come to the conclusion that:•Service is a job or a kind of economic activities done by the individuals or social organizations for the customers with the help of some tools, facilities, equipments and mediums;•it is an activity and benefit provided for individual consumer or enterprise to meet their specific needs, whose production may or may not be related to material products;•it is the added value for individuals, goods or service in other economic units, and has the value-in-use or utility represented in the form of activities.[students’ reflection] After the explanation of service definition, can you summarize it in your words? Try it in pairs.1.2 Characteristics of serviceBefore we discuss this topic the following questions are for you:A. Do you have any experience being served in any occasion?B. How do you evaluate that service?C.Can you tell us some characteristics of service from your previous experience?＊Intangibility: The shape goods is visual, but the form of service is invisible. For example:When you are going to buy household appliances, you can choose them by appearance, design, color and size which you can see. But the service from salesman cannot be seen which is intangible.Service is intangible in the two following aspects:On most occasions service cannot be touched and felt because of its features and constitution elements; the customers’ feelings after being served is hard to measure or the benefit is felt some time later.With the development of science and technology, some intangible goods service has become a ‘tangible’ one. In 1989 an Canadian economist proposed the concept of embodied service. For example, as the carriers of the service, the value of CD and tape can be neglected compared with the whole value in the supply because the main value is service.This is the basic feature of service and it is the core and essence of service.＊Inseparability : The process of consumption is the process of production. This one is easier to understand .For example: service between teachers and their students, doctors and their patients, etc. That means service producers cannot supply service without service consumers and service consumers cannot enjoy service without the service product process.But in embodied service the production and consumption of it cannot be happened at the same time.＊Perishability:The accomplishment of production is the end of service process. If the service is not in use, the consumers can not enjoy the value of service.Goods may not bring loss to the goods’ owners because goods can be stored after the period of production and before the period of consumption. But services cannot be stored in time and can not be transferred through space. If service is not provided in time, it can bring loss to consumers.For example: the absent seat of a plane or a restaurant will be a loss to their bosses.＊Heterogeneity:The quality of service covers large elasticity. It depends not only on service suppliers but also consumers. Normally the effectiveness of service is different from its quality and the difference are as follows:1)The service quality is based on the techniques and quality of service supplierswhile at the same time it also can be influenced by the consumers;2)The demand of different service consumers could be different according to theireducation background, moral quality, social experience and individual personality.[students’ reflection]could you please give us some examples to illustrate ‘Heterogeneity’?For example:① one travel agency to different tourists;② one doctor to different patients＊Absence Ownership: In the process of production and consumption of service, the ownership of any goods is not transferred.Services disappear after the accomplishment of the transaction. Unlike the goods transaction, which you can get the ownership of your products, the service consumption right owned by the consumers cannot exist with the ending of service transaction because service easily disappears.Example: deposit in banks. This is the root of service risks.＊Features of experiences and trust (经验特征与信任特征)Different products tend to be expressed in different quality feature, which are evaluated by different experiences and trust of consumers.The more visual the product is, the more easy to be evaluated.1.3 Classifications of service (6 ways)★ By tangible degrees of serviceThe more visible---the weaker service Examples: costume, soap, fast-foodThe less visible--- the stronger service Examples: baby care, law service★By degree of customers’ involvementThe more participant in the process of production, the more services should be supplied. It can be classified into three aspects:High contact e.g. cinemas, entertainment centers, public transportationMedium contact e.g. banking serviceLow contact e.g. mail serviceExamples: libraries, schools, message and mail services.★ By realistic effectiveness to consumers⑴Additional service：a kind supplement service, which can not be suppliedindependently, but with tangible goods. To customers the tangible one is the core product. E.g. when you buy a car you buy the design of it as well.⑵ Core service: Consumers can independently buy with the core value. Example: tour service, internet bank service and internet shopping service.★ By functions of service⑴ Group service: government services⑵ Financial service: bank service, insurance service⑶ Sale service: goods transport, goods storage, passenger transport⑷Special economic service: accountant, law, advertisement⑸ Telecom and information service: telephone, telegram, electronic data⑹ Construction service: construction scheme, consultant⑺Other services: renting, repairing, maintaining, news publishing and printing, etc.★ By strategy of sales management⑴ essential service⑵ relation service⑶ content service⑷ supply service⑸ extending service★ By comprehensive factors of service⑴ based on the supply tools⑵ based on needs of individuals or enterprises⑶ based on aim of organizations⑷ based on customers whether appearing on the spotSection 2. Understanding of service industry[S tudents’ refl ection]Last lesson we’ve learned the definition of service and related know ledge, can you think about what the ‘service industry’ is? Please share with us your ideas.Definition: Service industry is the assembly of economic departments or enterprises that produce or provide various services.Aim to develop service industry★ To increase the utility value of goods, surrounding the production, circulation and consumption of physical products.★ To improve the general quality of the country people.2.1 Service industry and the third industryCan you all remember when you see these words ‘the third industry’ at the first time? Do you still remember what is the third industry?In the primary school and middle school, we have a course called Geography. We’ve learned the whole industry can be classified in three:●The primary industry:It means the departments of products that people can obtain directly from the nature by the effort of labor, such as agriculture.● The second industryIt refers to the departments that process the products from the primary industry, such as industry and construction.So what is third industry? Is it service industry?● The third industryIt includes all the departments except from the above two industries according to British economist Fishery.Now let’s compare with these two concepts.There are great differences between service industry and the third industry both in the thinking method and theoretical logic.1)Different definitions(界定不同)All the economic activities excluding the first and second industries are called the third industry.Service industry is decided by whether it supplies or produces all kinds of services. Which is more specific?----service industry defined more specify which gives us a standard.2)Different intentions(含义不同)A.The concept of the third industry implies the traditional economic logic.In traditional view, the high level industrial development relies on the low level industrial productions. For example, the second industry relies on the material supplied by the first industry; the third industry relies on the production supplied by the second and first industry.The second industry relies on the materials supplied by the first industry; the third industry depends on the product supply of the first and second industries. It is a single-way relying单向依赖.B. While the concept of service industry expresses the modern economic soul. Service industry depends on the economic needs of different industries. This shows the mutual relying relationship between the service industry and other economic industries. It’s a kind of interdependent relationship.3)Different objectsThe third industry is oriented toward the domestic economy.The service industry is facing to both the domestic and the international market.From the first diagram we see that the third industry is totally different from the primary and second industry. But in the second diagram service industry has the interrelationship with each industry.2.2 Service industry and manufacturing industryWhat do you think of the relationship between service industry and manufacturing industry? Are they totally separated from each other?Actually they act in two ways: mutual promotion and mutual integration.★ Mutual promotionIn a perfect economic structure, manufacturing industry and service industry are interactive. Firstly manufacturing industry supplies large markets and strong demands to service industry. It provides so many opportunities for service industry for example promoting new productive service industry, such as information service, R&D design, educational training, physical distribution service, marketing management, human resources, etc. so that service industry can become stronger and more consummate. For example, when you buy a PC, not only you buy the product itself but also the additional service, such as the design, the software inside, the packing, fast delivery to your hands, service from salesman and even after-sale service.On the other hand, service industry provides a good platform for manufacturing service as well, such as product distribution, high-tech, information, management and consulting service.[students’ reflection]could you please give us some example to illustrate the relation between the two industry?One word to give you a clue.Outsourcing. It means the company in order to achieve professionalization focuses on specialization. It diminishes or cancels some resources or services to focus on core competitiveness, but buying them from other professional companies. That is why the consulting companies, law firms and accounting companies flourish in these years. Service industry has become the strong motive power in strengthening competition and development for manufacturing industry.★ Mutual integration1)Mixed development inside enterprisesMany companies have mixed together with service function and productive management. Even some turned from manufacture-centered into service-centered. Insome world famous multinationals, service industry covers more and more percentage in productive value and benefits so that we feel hard to figure out if they belong to manufacturing industry or service industry.For example, GE. General electric corporation, it penetrates its service into the daily management to transfer its manufacture function into the service function. At the same time, it develops greatly its finance by the world famous finance company GE capital to increase market competition rapidly.2)Mixed development of industrial chainWhat is industrial chain?It involves R&D, procurement, manufacture, storage, transportation, sales and after-sale services.What is the fact during the whole process?We spend most of the time on R&D, procurement, storage, transportation, sales and after-sale services rather than manufacture. We call it productive chain. The efficiency of productive service affects the whole chain.Nowadays in our country, the before-production service and afer-production service are not well-developed so that they affec t the enterprise’s competitiveness. According to some statistics American logistic cost covers about 9% of American GDP, whereas, Chinese logistic cost covers almost 20% of Chinese GDP. So we can see the difference.3)Mixed development inside the regionHow to understand it? Show you one place and you will understand it immediately----Wenzhou(China shoe town, China famous clothing town, World kingdom of lighters). It refers to the group development of manufacture and service in a special region. It can be called industrial cluster. In our country it has come to the period of industrial cluster closely related to industrial competitiveness. Industrial cluster are largely found in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta.What’s the advantage we get from in dustrial cluster?Based on social divisions and specialized cooperation, the productive cost can be largely reduced.[Conclusions] All in all----What’s the relationship?1). Service industry accompanies industrial progress of manufacturing. They exist and develop mutually.2). Service industry has the relationship of fusion and intergrowth with manufacturing industry.2.3 Classifications of service industry◆ Traditional service industry (3 kinds):※ Life service: (in the range of life consumption)Function: To maintain and promote the individual and family consumption Example: repairing, catering trade, hairdressing and beauty, medical care, tour and accommodation, etc.※ Productive service: (in the range of manufacture)Function: To impel the development of social technique, improve the production development, promote the productive efficiency and to maintain the normal operation of productionExample: information consultant, productive material repairing, scientific and technical research, facility installing, etc.※ Sales service:Function: To promote the image & function of products and to ensure the quality and credit of products by various means.Example: retail, wholesale, promote sales, banking, insurance, trust business, etc.◆ Modern service industry (4 kinds):※Producer service (priority):productive business & special service, it’s non-final consumer service in the further production of goods and service.Example:financial and insurance service, real estate;※Circulation service: retail & distributive serviceExample:whole-sale and retail, transportation, telecommunication service, etc.※Consumer service: individual serviceExample: hotel service, catering service, entertainment service, tourism service, etc. ※Social service: public service supplied by government and non-government Example: health & medical care, education service, national defense, etc.[Chapter Conclusion]1. Service is a special invisible goods with its added value in the form of activities to satisfy the needs of economic individuals. It is different from the tangible goods in economics.2. Relatively to tangible goods, service regularly has the features of intangibility, inseparability (space-time consistency between production and consumption), perishability, heterogeneity, and absence ownership.Among all the above features, intangibility is the basic one and is the core and essence of service, which derives other features.3. Service can be divided into several kinds by tangible degree, customers’ involvement degree, realistic effectiveness to consumers, function of service and strategy of sales management.4. Service industry has different definitions and intentions from third industry but has the relationship of mutual promotion and integration with manufacturing industry. 【Questions】1.Please explain your understanding of service and service industry?2.What are the basic features of service? Please provide examples if possible.3.What are differences between service industry and the third industry?4.What are the relationship between service industry and manufacturing industry? 【References】[1] Marshall Reinsdorf and Matthew J. Slaughter. International Trade in Services and Intangibles in the Era of Globalization [M]. The University of Chicago Press, 2009 [2] Aaditya Mattoo, Robert M. Stern, and Gianni Zanini. A Handbook of International Trade in Services [M]. Oxford University Press, 2008[3] 陈双喜, 魏巍, 冯琳. 国际服务贸易（第二版）[M]. 大连：东北财经大学出版社，2009Chapter 2 Basic Categories of International Trade in Services（8hrs.）【Teaching Purposes and Requirements 】● Grasp the definition and characteristics of international trade in services; ● Understand the classifications and features of international trade in services; ● Familiarize with the statistical methods of international trade in services.【Learning Objectives 】This chapter mainly explains the concept of international trade in service, the classification of it and the statistical methods.【Key and difficult points 】Understand the classifications and features of international trade in services; Familiarize with the statistical methods of international trade in services.【Teaching Contents 】Step 1:Section 1 Concept and characteristics of international trade in services[students’ reflection] Do you still remember what is the definit ion of international trade?1.1 Concept▲Traditional definition:When a labor in one country supplies service to the service demander (natural person, legal person and other organization) of another country to obtain foreign goods and products Following a compensated and voluntary principlecurrency income following a compensated and voluntary principle, which constitutes the service export.So following the picture. (in ppt)On the contrary, the demanders of one country become the consumers of the services, supplied by the service producers of another country, thus service import has been formed.The definition involves service suppliers (labors), nationality, national border, residents and non-residents. So, three fields should be clarified:(1) Connotation and extension of “Labor”: all the service suppliers, including individual suppliers and group suppliers.(2) Different nationalities of “labors” and “services demanders”: direct investment and local employeesIf foreign direct investment involved in, the service demanders and suppliers are both in one country, can we call the international service trade happen?Direct local Investment laborsLocal suppliers & local demandersone countryLocal labors: service suppliers who provide services on behalf of the foreign investors.(3) Whether service crosses border and whether “national person” moves:service needs to be crossedTelecom:national person does not need to be movednational person needs to be movedTourism &medical care service does not need to be crossed▲ Definition in GATSGATS: 《General agreement on trade in services》﹟Definition: the business activities of cross-border service trade;﹟a kind of transaction action by which service suppliers from one country offer the service to consumers in another country and gain the foreign currency income in the form of business or in the way of commercial presence of natural persons.﹟This definition has been accepted popularly by all the countries, which contains four ways of trade in services:⑴ Cross-border supply（跨境交付）:Neither service producers nor service consumers move. Suppliers in member country A supply service from the territory of its own to customers in the territory of member country B.e.g. audio, broadcasting, stock (share) finance, tele-message⑵ Consumption abroad（境外消费）:Suppliers in member country A supply service inside its own country border to the coming consumers of member country B.e.g ① tour reception (supply tour service to foreign tourists)② patient reception (supply medical service & facility to foreign patients )③ foreign students reception (supply educational service)⑶ Business presence（商业存在）:Suppliers in member country B move to set up the organization in member country A to supply service with gaining in country A.e.g joint venture investment, cooperation, sole proprietorshipService suppliers can either come from the home country or be hired locally in the host country; their targets can either be consumers in the host country or in a third country.⑷ Movement of personnel（自然人流动）:Individuals in member country A move to member country B to supply service inside B country to the consumers, both of Country B and coming from member country C.▲ Definition in US-Canada Free Trade Agreement:Service is defined here as an “appointed service”（所指定的一项服务）, provided by a person representing other contracting parties in its own territory or into territory of another contracting party.Appointed services include:⑴ purchase activities: production, distribution, sales, etc.⑵ restrictions of contracted countries: market permission & distribution systems⑶comprehensive process of forming commercial (business) presence, including distribution, sales transferring, etc.⑷ investment or related activities: managing, organizing, maintaining or transferring, loaning, etc.▲Definition in BOPBOP :Balance of Payment (国际收支平衡表)Service in regular items in BOP refers to the trade in services between residents and non-residents.Resident: a natural person who lives in the territory of the country for one year or a legal person who provides service or goods production in its own business premises. International trade in services defined by BOP is cross-border trade in services.1.2 Similar concept of international trade in services★International trade in services & International trade in goodsProductive elements:Visible productsProductive elements:Personnel, capital, Technology, KnowledgeThe relation between the two is that part of trade in services is accompanied by the happening of goods trade, which is called additional trade in services, such as after-sale service and transportation service.★International trade in services& invisible tradeThe two are generally equal. But in fact the range of invisible trade is broader than trade in services. Except for all the items in trade in services, it still includes income and expenses of direct investment and contribution, donation etc. In the whole invisible trade, the item of direct investment takes the biggest share. Some experts said 60% of the FDI accounts for service trade.★International trade in services & Service industryService industry includes consumer service, productive service, distribution service and government service.Trade in services includes consumer service, productive service and distribution service.★International trade in services&International service exchangeFirst, the government sends personnel and experts to each other who offer various services free of charge. For these services do not produce commercial profit, the transfer of service personnel is not the trade in services.Second the service personnel of one country goes abroad for searching a job. They are employed by the local boss, getting payment and consuming money in local areas. It cannot be called trade in service either for there is no payment crossing the border. Third natural person of one country offers services to foreign countries and gets payment for their services. Since there is cross-border flow of income and expenses,。