AWL(academic word list) 学术词汇表——雅思,托福
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。
AWL英语学术词汇表
《英语常用学术词汇表》《英语学术词汇表》(The Academic Word List, AWL)是一个由Victoria University of Wellingt on, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来的词汇表，它包含了学术英语(English for Academ ic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords)。
《英语学术词汇表》分10个sublists (小类)，除了第10小类包含30个词目外，其他小类均含有60个词目。
Sublist 1（第1类）包含的词汇最常用，sublist 2（第2类）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublist3 依次类推。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzes economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentslegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalanalyzing approachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumed establishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimatemethodologiesmethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicyassumesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailable benefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallypoliciesprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringconceptualisedconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionfinancierfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyresearchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionsconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreateidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismsectorsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationcreatedcreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreating datadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyredefinedredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingredistributes redistributing redistribution legality legallySublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrative distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallyadministrativelyadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingpreviouspreviouslyprimaryprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationassistedassistingassistsunassisted categorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissionsfinalityfinallyfinalsfocusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresregulatedregulatesregulatingregulationregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedcommunitycommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringinconclusiveinconclusively conductconductedconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeinvestmentsinvestorinvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancesecuritiessecurityseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategistconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscredits cultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersdesigning normalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainablestrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersdesignsSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelycomponentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrainedexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundfundedfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationcontributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributors conveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorimmigratesimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremovecoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators corecorescoringcored corporatecorporatescorporationcorporations correspondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriajustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitycriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingsexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologydocuments dominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdominationnegativelynegativesoutcomeoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipstechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameteradequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismattributesattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodescodingcommitcommitmentcommitmentscommitscommittedcommitting communicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicatively implicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionintegrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotespromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainuncommunicative concentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration conferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconfers contrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcyclinginternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsmechanismmechanismsobviousretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlydebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebating despitedimensiondimensionaldimensionsmultidimensional domesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemergingobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallsumsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarisedsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertook Sublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterable expandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologyalterationalterationsalteredalteringalternatealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengeexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationspsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationchallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsulted imageimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesconsultsconsulting contactcontactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedliberallyliberalslicencelicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalstylizingsubstitutesubstitutedsubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutionsustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizeredraftingredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitysymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewheevolvesevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceaggregateaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocations assignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigningreassignsunassigned attach federalfederationfederationsfeefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleinflexibilityfurthermoregendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesincidenceincidentincidentallyprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingrationalismrationalityrationalizationattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiesincidentsincorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativerationalizationsrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedcapabilityincapable citecitationcitationscitedcitingcites cooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operatesco-operationco-operativeco-operatively discriminatediscriminatedinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentintervalintervalslecturelecturedlecturersubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformationstransformedtransformingtransformstransporttransportation。
【全部原创】雅思词汇-AWL词汇表
练习
【evident VS evidence】
The problems have beeevnid_e_n_t_____for some time. You need to find someveid__e_n_c_e_____. The broken window isetvhidee_n_c_e______there was a
现
【用】想到
occur
这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
The idea occurred to him in a dream.
occur在雅思写作中
【用】存在
水果自然含有糖分。 Fruit naturally has sugar. Sugar occurs naturally in fruit.
我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。
significant
【音】 [siɡˈnifikənt] 【义】 adj.重要的, 有重大意义的, 可观的
【形】significance
【用】
significant
有重大意义的发现 Байду номын сангаас a highly significant discovery
individual
【音】 [ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl] 【义】 adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的 n.个人
【形】individualism
【用】
individual
They wait for the group to decide instead of making individual decisions.
IELTS AWL词汇
单词的音 / 义 / 形 / 用
AWL词汇表【学术词汇表】——雅思
AWLSublist 1analyze [ ? ? n? laiz] vt . 〈美〉分析 ,分解 , 解释constitut e [ ? k?nstitju:t] vt . 构成 , 组成建立 , 制定选定 , 任命 establish [is ? t ? bli? ] vt . 建立 , 成立安置确定 , 证实 indicate [ ? indikeit] vt . 标示 ,指示 , 指出象征 ; 表明或暗示⋯的可能性occur [ ? ? k? :] vi . 发生 ; 举行 ; 存在被发现 ; 想到[ 起]role [r ? n 作用 , 职责角色ul] . n. 靠近 ,方法 vt . 接洽 ,approach[ ? ? pr ? ut ? ] 接近 , 临近通路 , 入口 , 途径方式 , 交涉 ; 着手处理 vt . & v i . 接近, 走近 , 靠近 语境context [ ? k? n 背景 , 环境上下文 ,ntekst]. 估计 vt vi 估计 评价 评估estimate [ ? n , 估价报价判断 . & . ;, estimeit]. adj 个别的 n 个人人 individua l [ ? ? ndi ? vidju ? l ] . , 单独的 , 个人的独特的 .percent [p ? ? sent] n. 百分比 , 百分数 科截面 剖面地区 区section [ ? sek? ? n 章节部分部门 , , ,n] .area [ ? ? ? ri ? n 面积区域 , 地区领域 ,方面 ]. n 缔结 订契约 vt v i 染上 恶习 疾病contract [k ? n? tr ? 契约 , 合同 vt . ; . & . ,kt]. ( 等)缩小; 紧缩 adj . 明显的 ,evident [ ? evid ? nt] 明白的interpre t [in ? t ? :prit] vt . 解释 ; 说明 vt . & vi . 口译 ; 翻译 句点period [ ? pi ? ri ? d] n.( 一段 ) 时间时期 , 时代学时 , 课时句号 ,sector [ ? sekt ? ] n. 部门 ;领域防御地区 , 防卫区域扇形 , 扇形面assess[ ? ? ses] vt . 估价 , 估计评定 , 核定create [kri? eit] vt . 创造 , 创作 , 创建引起 , 产生 vi 出口 输出export [eks ? p? :t] n 输出 , 出口输出 [ 出口 ] 物 vt. & . ,.involve [in ? v? lv] vt . 使某事物成为必要条件或结果 ; 需要使参与 , 牵涉 policy p? l ? si n 政策 , 方针策略 ,精明的行为 , 上策保险单[ ? ] .significan t [si ɡ? nifik ? nt] adj . 重要的 , 重大的 , 可观的有意义的 , 有用意的意味深长的assume[ ? ? sju:m] vt . 假设 , 臆断 , 猜想假装承担 , 担任 , 就职呈现 , 采取data [ ? deit ? n 资料 , 材料 ]. 要素〈数〉因子 因数 factor [ ? f ? kt ? ] n 因素 , , . 流出 发出 发行〈正〉结果结issue [ ? n 问题 , 议题 ; 争论点发行物放出 , ; , , isju:]. 局 vi . 冒出 ,流出 ; 传出 vt .出版, 发行发表 , 发布分配 , 发给 principl e [ ? prins ? n原则 , 原理准则 , 规范操守 , 道义工作原理 pl] .similar [ ? simil ? ] adj . 类似的 ; 同类的 ; 相似的 ; 同样的 专家authority [ ? : ? θ? n 权力 , 职权官方 , 当局权威 ,riti].define [di ? fain] vt . 精确地解释 ; 界定规定 , 确定 vt 为⋯供给资金 从事finance [fai ? n? ns] n 财政 , 金融财源 , 资金 , 财务情况 ., .金融活动n 劳动 努力 工作劳工 工人分娩 分娩时的 阵痛 vi 劳动 labour [ ? leib ? ] , ; , , ( ) . ;.努力艰难行进1proceed [pr ? ? si:d] vi . 前进 ; 行进进行 ; 继续下去 资料来源source [s ? n 河流的源头 , 发源地来源 ,出处原因提供资料者, :s] .available [ ? ? veil ? bl] adj . 可用的或可得到的可会见的 ,可与之交谈的derive [di ? raiv] vt . & vi . 得到源于 方程式配方formula [ ? f ? :mjul ? ] n 准则 , 原则公式 ,. legal [ ? li :ɡ? l] adj . 法律上的 ;合法的 ; 法定的 列队行进 vt 加工 处理process [ ? pr ? uses] n 过程 , 进程工序 , 制作法 vi . . ;.specific [spi ? sifik] adj . 明确的 , 确切的 , 详尽的具体的 , 特有的 , 特定的仅限于⋯的 ; n 特效药具体方面 , 细节只发现于⋯的 . 好处救济金 保险金 vt vi 有益于 得益benefit [ ? benifit ] n 益处 , , . & . ,.distribut e[dis ? tribju:t]n vt . 分配 , 分给散发 ; 散播 ; 分布function [ ? f ? ? k? ? 功能 ; 作用 ; 职责函数 ; 与另一事物有密切关系的事物 n].社交集会 vi . 工作 ,运行 , 起作用legislate [ ? l ed ? isleit] vt . &vi . 立法 ; 制定法律require [ri ? k wai ? ] vt . 有赖于⋯ ; 需要命令 , 指示要求 , 规定想要 建筑物 vt 组structure [ ? str ? kt ? ? n 结构 , 构造有结构的事物 ; 复杂的整体 ; .]. 织; 安排; 构造 ; 制定 n 概念 观念 想法concept [ ? k? nsept] ; ;. 经济状况economy[i ? k? n? mi] n 节约 , 节省经济体制 ,.identify [ai ? dentifai] vt . 认出 , 识别支持 , 同情 vt . & vi . 等同于 ; 有关联major [ ? meid? ? ] adj . 较大的 ; 主要的 ; 严重的 n 少校专业 ; 主修科目 vi . 〈美〉. 主修, 专攻research [ri ? s? :t ? ] n. 研究 ;探讨 vi . 做研究 , 探究 , 研究 , 探讨 vt . 从事⋯的研究 , 为⋯而做研究 n 学说理论 原理意见看法theory [ ? θi ? , , ri]. vi . 组成 ,consist [k ? n? sist] 构成在于 , 存在于environment [in ? vai ? r ? nm? nt] n. 环境 , 周围状况 , 自然环境 n 收入 , 所得 , 收益income[ ? ink ? m] .条理n 方法 ,办法秩序 ,method[ ? me θ ? d] .respond [ri ? s p? nd] vi . 有反应 ;有效果 ; 有影响 vt . & vi . 回答 ; 回报 ;响应vary [ ? v? ? ri ] vi . 呈现不同 vt . & vi .( 使)变化, 改变Sublist 2achieve [ ? ? t ? i:v] vt . 取得 , 获得实现 , 达到 , 完成 共享n 社区 , 社会 , 团体大众 , 公众共有 , community[k ? ? mju:niti].vt 筹划 v t vi n 图样 , 设计图设计 , 布局目的 , 打算 . 计划, . & . design [di ? zain] . 设计, 绘制institute[ ?institju:t]n. 协会 ,学会 ; 学院 , 研究院 vt . 建立 ,制定 ; 开始 ,着 手 adj 潜在的 有可能的 n 潜力 潜势 可能性potentia l [p ? ? ten ? ? l] . , , , .restrict [ris ? trikt] vt . 限制 ; 约束acquire [ ? ? kwai ? ] vt . 获得 ,得到 , 养成复合的复杂的难懂的n 综合体complex[ ? k? mpleks] adj . 由许多部分组成的 , , ,.集合体〈心〉情结 , 夸大的情绪反应2distinc t [dis ? ti ? kt ] adj . 截然不同的 , 完全分开的清晰的 , 明白的 ,明显的invest [in ? vest] vt . 授予 vt . & vi . 投资 ;花费previous [ ? pri:vi ? s] adj . 先前的 ,以前的过早的 , 过急的secure [si? kju ? ] adj . 牢固的 ;可靠的有把握的 ; 确切的 vt . 握紧 ; 关牢使安全 ( 使)获得 ; 把⋯弄到手 ? ] vt . 管理 ,administer [ ? d? minist 支配给予执行 , 实施compute[k ? m? pju:t] vt . 计算 , 估算 要素原件一伙人基础 纲要原理element [ ? elim ? nt] n 化学 ) 元素成分 , , , , .( 一件 一条 item [ ? ait n 一项 , , ; 项目 ? m] . primary [ ? praim ? ri] adj . 首要的 ; 主要的 ; 基本的最初的 ; 初级的seek[si:k] vi . 企图 ;试图 vt . 请求 ,征求 ; 求教 vt .&vi . 寻找 ; 探寻 affect [ ? ? fekt] vt . 影响感动假装conclude [k ? n? klu:d] vt . 得出结论 ;断定决定 vt . & vi . 结束equate [i ? kweit] vt . 认为某事物 ( 与另一事物 ) 相等或相仿journal [ ? d? ? :nl] n 杂志 , 期刊日志 , 日记. vt 购买purchase [ ? p? :t ? ? n 购买 , 购置买到的东西 .s] .select [si ? lekt] adj .精选的, 挑选出来的限制性的 , 选择严格的 vt . 选择 ; 挑选appropriate [ ? ? pr ? upriit] adj . 适当的 ,恰当的 vt . 挪用 ; 占用 ; 盗用拨出 ( 款项 )conduct [k ? n? d? kt] n 举止 , 行为管理 ( 方式 ), 实施 ( 方式 ) v t . & vi . 引导 , 带领 ,. 担任指挥控制 , 管理传导 vt . 评价 ,evaluate [i ? v? ljueit]估计 ,估价maintain [mein ? tein] vt . 保持 ; 继续保养 , 维护坚持 ; 主张供给 ; 赡养range[reind ? ] n. 一系列变化幅度 , 范围射程 , 距离 ( 山) 脉 vi . 变化 vt . 排列 n 位置 , 场所 , 地点 vt . 使坐落在 ; 设置site [sait].aspect [ ? ? spekt] n .方面方位 , 朝向面貌 ,模样 , 神态consequent [ ? k? nsikw ?nt] adj . 作为结果的 , 随之发生的feature [ ? fi:t? ? ] n 特征 , 特色面貌 , 相貌特写 , 专题节目 ( 电影的 ) 正片 , 故事 .片normal [ ? n? :m? l] adj . 正常平常的正规的 ;标准的的 ,region [ ? ri:d ? ? n ] n. 地区 ; 地带 ; 区域 ; 范围 计谋strategy [ ? str ? tid ? i] n . 战略学 , 兵法战略 , 策略策略 ,assist[ ? ? sist] vt . & vi .帮助, 促进construct [k? n? str ? kt] vt . 修建 , 建立构成 , 组成final [ ? fain ? l ] adj . 最后的 , 最终的决定性的 , 确定性的 n. 决赛 ( 大学的 ) 期终考试vi . 通行 ;流行 vt . 获得 ,obtain [ ? b? tein]得到 ; 买到regulate [ ? reɡjuleit]vt . 控制 , 管理调整 ; 调节survey [s ? ? vei] n. 调查 vt . 眺望 ; 纵览测量 ; 勘察检查 , 鉴定通盘考虑 , 回顾category [ ? k? ti ɡ? n 种类 , 类别ri]. consume[k ? n? sju:m] vt . 消耗 , 消费 , 耗尽大吃 , 大喝烧毁 , 毁灭 镜头 眼focus [ ? f ? uk? n 焦点 , 焦距 ; 中心 vt . & v i .( 使 集中 , ( 使 ) 聚集调整 ( , s]. ) 睛) 焦点 [ 焦距 ] 以便看清 vt .& vi . 参加 ,participat e [p ɑ:? tisipei t] 参与relevant [ ? rel? v? nt] adj . 有关的 ,切题的3n 正文 ,本文原文, 全文教科书 , 课本 text [tekst]. n 章 篇 chapter [ ? t ? ? pt ? , 回 ,] . 存款数额借款贷款赞扬荣誉 功劳信credit [ ? kredit] n . 赊购 ; 赊购制度存款 ; ; , ,任, 相信学分 vt . 相信 ,信任把⋯记入贷方 , 存入 ( 账户) vi 对某事物有影响impact [ ? imp? kt] n 影响 , 作用冲击 ( 力 ), 碰撞 vt . & ..perceive [p ? ? si:v]vt . 感觉 ,察觉 , 理解reside [ri ? zaid] vi . 居住 ; 定居 tradition [tr ? ? di ? ? n 传统惯例n]. 授权 委托委员会佣金 回扣 vt 委任 委托commission[k ? ? mi? ? n] n , , . ,. 教养 vt 培植培culture [ ? k? lt ? ? n 文化休养 , , 精神文明养殖 , 培养 , 栽培 . , ] .养 injure[ ?ind ? ? ] vt . 伤害 , 损害positive [ ? p? zitiv] adj . 确实的 ,明确的积极的 ; 肯定的表现得有信心和有希望的 ,确信的〈数〉〈电〉正的 , 阳性的完全的 ; 纯粹的 n. 〈语〉原级形容词确实 ; 正量 , 正数正片n 资源 必要时可给予 帮助、支持或安慰的事物才智 机敏 创 resource [ri ? s? ( ) ; ; :s].造精神n 转移 转让 转录中转 换乘 改变路线 vt 转让 vt transfer [tr ? ns? f ?; ; , , . . & :] . vi . 转移; 迁移 Sublist 3alternative [ ? :l ? t ? :n ? tiv] adj . 两者择一的 , 供替代的不寻常的 , 非传统性的n 取舍 ,抉择 , 可供选择的事物选择的余地 , 可供选择的机会非正统的 . convene[k ? n? vi:n] vt . & vi . 召开 , 召集emphasis[ ? emf? n 强调 , 重点 sis].interact [ ? ? nt ? r ? ? kt] vi . 相互作用 [ 影响 ], 互相配合philosophy [f i ? l ? s? fi ] n 哲学人生哲学 , 人生观达观. 性行为sex[seks] n 性别 ; 性男性 ; 女性性关系性活动 ,.circumstance [ ? s? :k ? mst? ns] n. 环境 , 条件 , 情况境遇 , 经济状况coordinate [k ? u? ? :dineit] adj . 同等的 , 并列的 n. 〈数〉坐标 vt . 使协调 ; 使调 和ensure [in ? ? u? ] vt . 确保 , 担保担保获得 [ 避免 ] justify [ ? d? ? stifai] vt . 证明⋯有理 ; 为⋯辩护physical [ ? fizik ? l] adj . 身体的 , 肉体的物质的自然规律的 , 按自然法则的自然n 身体检查 , 体格检查( 界) 的物理学的 .换 班轮班工人计谋 手段切换键 vi 快速行进 vt shift [ ? ift] n 转换 , 转变轮 [ , . . & . ]vi . 改变 , 变换 , 转移 , 移动去掉 ; 摆脱掉换挡comment[ ? k? ment] n. 评论 , 意见 , 解释 , 批评 vt . & vi . 评论 ; 谈论 core [k ? :] n. 果核核心 , 精髓 , 要点exclude [iks ? klu:d] vt . 排除 ; 不包括在内n 层 ,层次layer [ ? lei ? ] .proportion [pr ? ? p? : ? ? n] n. 均衡 ; 相称 , 协调一物与他物在数量、 大小等方面的关系 ; 比例部分 ; 份儿 vt . 详述指定specify [ ? spesifai]4compensate[ ? k?mpenseit]vt . &vi . 补偿 , 报酬corporate [ ? k? :p ? rit] adj . 社团的 , 法人的framework [ ? freimw ? :k] n 构架 ; 结构. vi 连接 联系n 环 , 联系 , 纽带 vt. & . , link [li ? k] .publish [ ? p? bli ? ] vt . & vi . 出版公布sufficient [s ? ? fi ? ? nt] adj . 足够的 ; 充足的component[k ? m? p? un? nt] n 成分 , 组成部分 , 部件 ,元件.correspond [ ? k? ris ? p? nd] vi . 相符合 , 相一致相当 , 相类似通信 给⋯拨款fund [f ? n 基金 , 专款现款 ; 资金储备 , 蕴藏 vt . 为⋯提供资金 ,nd] .locate [l ? u? keit] vt . 找出 ,指出 ( 地点或位置 ) vt . & vi .( 在⋯)设置,坐落于react [ri ? ? kt] vi . 起反应 ; 有影响反对 ; 对抗task [t n 工作 ; 任务 ; 差事 ɑ:sk].n 同意 赞成 vi 同意 赞成 consent [k ? n? 准许 , , . ;sent] . criteri a [kra ? ? t ? ? r ? ? ] n. 标准 illustrat e [ ? il ? streit] vt . 给⋯加插图说明 , 阐明 ; 表明maximise[ ? m? ksimaiz] vt . 使( 某事物 ) 增至最大限度最大限度地利用 ( 某事物 ) 记录register [ ? red ? is t ? ] n 登记 ( 表 ), 注册 ( 簿 ) 记录器暖气 , 调风器 vt . & vi . ;. 登记 ; 注册显出注意到 , 记住 technical [ ? teknik ? l] adj . 技术的 ; 应用科学的艺术的 , 工艺的 ( 指书等 ) 要求有专门知识的 , 使用术语的 , 专业的 adj . 相当大 ( 或多 ) 的considerable [k ? n? sid ? r ? bl]deduce[di? dju:s] vt . 推论 ,演绎immigrate [ ? imi ɡreit] vi . 移入minor [ ? main? ] adj . 较小的 , 较少的 , 低级的 , 次要的 n. 未成年人副修科目rely[ri? lai] vi .信任; 信赖 ; 依赖 , 依靠technique [tek ? ni:k] n . 技巧 , 手法 , 技术技能constant [ ? k? nst ? nt] adj . 始终如一的 , 恒久不变的不断的 , 连续发生的忠实的 ,忠诚的demonstrate [ ? dem? nstreit ] vi . 举行示威游行 ( 或集会 ) vt . 说明 , 演示论证 , 证明 显示 , 表露imply [im ? plai]vt . 暗示 ,暗指必然包含negate [ni ? ɡeit] vt . 取消 , 使无效否定 ; 否认remove[ri ? mu:v] vi . 迁移 ; 移居 vt . 移走 ; 排除开除应用科学工业技术technology [tek ? n? l ? d? i ] n 科技 (总称 ); 工艺 ; .constrain [k ? n? strein] vt . 强迫 , 强使 ; 限制 , 约束记载document[ ? d? kjum? nt] n . 公文 , 文件 , 文献 vt . 证明记录,initial [i ? ni ? ?l] adj . 最初的 , 开头的outcome[ ? autk ? n 结果m] .scheme[ski:m] n. 阴谋 , 诡计计划 , 方案 vt .&vi . 策划 ;图谋valid [ ? v? lid]adj . 正当的 , 有充分根据的 , 符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的contribute [k ? n?tribjut] vi . 起促成作用 vt . & vi . 捐献 , 捐助 , 贡献出撰稿 , 投稿dominate [ ? d? mineit] vt . 耸立于 , 俯临 vt .& vi . 控制 , 支配 , 统治在⋯中占首要 地位 n 例子 实例instance [ ? ins t ? ns] . ,5ɑ n 伙伴 , 同伙 , 合伙人 , 股东同伴, 搭档配偶 , 情人 vt . 做⋯的 partner [ ? p :tn ? ].搭档n 有关联的一组事物 一连串先后次序 顺序 连续 sequence[ ? si:kw ? , , , ns]. 册 书卷体积 容量音量volume[ ? v? lju:m] n 卷 , , ; 容积 , , 响度. Sublist 4access[ ?? kses] n 通道 , 入口接近 [ 取得 ]⋯的方法 [ 权利等 ] vt . 存取 计算机文件 ). (communicate[k ? ? mju:nikeit] vi . 通讯 ; 交际 , 交流相连 ; 相通 vt .& vi . 传达 ; 表 达 n 错误过失 失误error [ ? , er ? ].internal [in ? t ? :n ?l] adj . 内部的国内的 , 内政的体内的 相对应的 n 平行线 面 paralle l [ ? p? r ? lel] adj .( 指至少两条线 ) 平行的类似的 ; ] . [ 极相似的人 [ 事物 ] 类似( 点), 相似(之处)比较纬线 , 纬圈 vt . 与⋯平行 ; 与⋯相当 resolve [ri ? z? lv] vt .( 指委员会或集会 ) 表决解决 ( 问题、疑问等 ) 分解 ,解析( 某物 )vt . & vi . 决定 ;决心adj . 充分的 ,adequate[ ? ? dikwit]足够的适当的 , 胜任的concentrate [ ? k? ns? ntrei t] vt . 浓缩 vt . &vi . 专心于 ;注意集中 , 聚集ethnic [ ? e θnik] adj . 种族的 ,部落的某文化群体的 investigate [in ? vesti ɡeit] n vt . 调查 ; 审查 特性 界限〈物〉〈数〉参量参数parameter [p ? ? r ? mit ? ] 限定性的 ) 因素 , , , .( retain [ri ? tein] vt . 保持 ; 保留止住 ; 容纳 一年一次的 n 一年生植物年刊 年报annual [ ? ? nju ? l] adj . 每年的 , 年度的 , , ,.年鉴confer [k ? n? f ? :] vi . 〈拉〉商谈 , 商议 vt . 授予 , 赋予goal [ ɡ? n 球门进球得的分努力的对象 , 目标ul] .job[d ? ? b] n. 职业 , 职位 ( 一件) 工作职责 , 责任 分阶段计划 安排n 阶段 , 时期 月亮、行星的 ) 位相 vt . [ ]phase[feiz].n ( series [ ? si ? 连续的同类事物 , 系列串联ri:z].apparent [ ? ? p? r ? nt] adj . 显然明白的 , 清晰可见的表面上的 ,貌似(真实)的的 ,contrast [ ? k? ntr ? st]n. 对比 , 对照差异 , 差别对照物 , 明显的对比物 vt . &vi . 对比 , 对照 n 补助金 津贴 vt 准许 答应给予承认,助学金 , . ;grant [ ɡr ɑ:nt]. n 符号 vt 贴标签于把⋯列为label [ ? leib ? l] 标签 , 标记称号 ; ; 标示 . .predict [pri ? dikt ] vt . & vi . 预言 ; 预测 ; 预示 统计量statistic [st ? ? tistik ] adj . 统计的 , 统计学的 n .approximate [ ? ? pr ? ksimit] adj . 近似的 , 大约的 vt . & vi . 近似 , 接近cycle [ ? saikl] n . 循环 , 周期自行车 , 摩托车 vi . 骑自行 摩托 车[ ] hence[hens]adv. 从此时起 , 从此处因此 , 所以mechanism[ ? mek? niz ? m] n. 机械装置构造 , 机制办法 , 技巧 , 途径 本金被代principal [ ? prins ? p? l] adj . 最重要的 ; 主要的 n 负责人 , 校长资本, . 理人 , 委托人status [ ? steit ? s] n. 身份 , 地位情形 , 状况attitude [ ? ? n 态度 , 看法姿态 , 姿势titju:d]. v t v i 辩论争论debate [di ? beit] n 讨论 , 辩论 . & . ,.6hypothesis [hai ? p? θ n 假说 , 假设 ,前提isis].obvious [ ? ? bvi ? s] adj . 明显的 ; 显而易见的prior [ ? prai? ] adj . 优先的 ;在前的 ; 较早的重读强调stress [stres] n 压力 , 紧张强调 , 重要性重力重音 vt . .n 属性 特性 v t 认为⋯是 归因于⋯认为某作品出自某 attribute [ ? ?tribju:t] , . ; .人之手认为某事 [ 物] 属于某人 [ 物]despite [dis ? pait] prep . 不管 , 尽管 vt 使生效 贯彻执行implement [ ? implim ? n 工具 , 器具 , 用具. , , nt] .occupy[ ? ? kjupai] vt . 占领 ;占有使从事 ; 使忙于professional [pr ? ? fe ? ? n? l ] adj . 职业的 , 专业的内行的 , 有经验的有意的 ,故意的 n. 具有某专业资格的人 ,专业人士内行 , 专家专门职业者 , 职业选手 subsequent [ ? s? bsikw ? nt] adj . 随后的 ,继⋯之后的civil [ ? sivl] adj . 公民的 , 平民的 ; 非军职的 , 非宗教的 ; 国民间的 , 民用的民事 的, 民法的文明的 , 有教养的 尺寸 度量方面 部分规模 程度dimension [di ? men? ? n , , , n].implicate [ ? implikeit] vt . 牵连 , 涉及 配件买卖选择权期权option [ ? ? p? ? n] n 选择 ( 的自由 ) 可选择的办法附件 , , . n 方案 课题 规划抛 投 viproject [pr ? ? d? 项目 , 计划 , , vt . ; ; 射 vt. & . ekt] . 伸出 , 突出 ; 表达特点 vtvi 合计总结 归纳 n 总数 ,总和金额算术 . & ., sum[s ? m] . n 法规 vt 将⋯译成电码 code[k ? ud] 法典 , , 章程密码 , 电码代号 , 编码 ..domestic [d ? ? mestik] adj . 本国的 ,国内的家庭的 , 家用的驯养的impose[im ? p? uz] vi . 利用 ,占便宜 ; 欺骗 vt . 强迫 ,强加课税 , 惩罚output [ ? autput] n. 产量输出 , 输出功率promote[pr ? ? m? ut ] vt . 提升 , 提拔筹划 , 发起 , 创立推销〈正〉促进 ; 推动 ; 增进summary[ ? s? m? ri] adj . 即刻的 , 立即的匆忙的 , 草率的概括的 ; 简要的 n 摘要 ,. 概要commit[k ?? mit] vt . 犯罪 ;犯错承诺 ; 使自己受约束托付 ; 交付emerge[i ? m? :d ? ] vi . 出现 ;显出 ; 暴露integrate [ ? inti ɡreit]vt . 使结合成为整体 vt .& vi .( 使) 融入overall [ ? ? uv? r ? :l] adj . 总体的 ;全面的 ;综合的全面考虑的adv. 大体上 ,总 的来说一切包括在内 , 全部的 n 长罩衣工装裤 ; 工作裤. 政权 regime [rei ? ? n 政治制度 , , 政体 i:m] .undertake [ ? ? nd? ? teik] vt . 担任 , 承揽 ; 保证着手 , 开始Sublist 5 academy[ ? ? k? d? mi] n. 专科学校研究院 , 学会 consult [k ? n? s? lt] vt . 请教 , 咨询 ; 找 ( 医生 ) 诊治翻阅 , 查阅顾及 ,考虑 vt . &vi . 商议, 商量evolve [i ? v? lv] vt . & vi . 演变 ; 进化 特许放纵 放肆licence [ ? lais ? ns] n 许可证 , 执照许可 , , .orient [ ? ? :ri ? nt] n. 东方 ,亚洲 vt . 使熟悉 , 使适应使朝向 ;使确定位置style [stail] n 风格 , 格调 ; 文体行为方式, 作风种类 , 类型 ; 流行式样 ; 款式风度 ;.格调 ;气派7adjust [ ? ? d? ? st ] vt . & vi .( 改变⋯以 ) 适应 ; 调整 ; 校正 门路触点 接头contact [ ? k? nt ? n 接触联系 , 联络 , 交往社会关系 , 熟人 , ,kt]. vt . & vi . 联系expand[iks ? p? nd] vt .& vi . 使⋯变大 , 扩大 , 扩张伸展 , 伸开 ,张开 , 展开logic [ ? l ? d? ik] n 逻辑 (学 ), 逻辑性推理方法合理的想法.想法 perspective [p ? ? n 远景 , 景前途 ;希望透视透视图观点 , spektiv].substitut e[ ? s? bstitju:t] vt . & vi . 代替 , 替换 , 代用alter [ ?? :lt ? ] vt . & vi .改变, 更改 v i 太阳 落下 vt v i 辞谢 谢绝 邀请decline [di ? klain] n 下降 , 减少 , 衰退 .( ) . & . ;. ( 等)expose[iks ? p? uz] vt . 曝光暴露 ; 显露揭露 , 袒露 余地margin [ ? m ɑ:d ? in]n 页边空白边 , 边缘差数 , 差额 ; .precise [pri ?sais]adj . 精确的 ,准确的恰好的 ; 正是的周密的 , 细密的 , 精细的sustain [s ? ? stein] vt . 承受 ,支撑维持长期保持 ; 使继续经受 , 遭受amend[ ? ? mend] vt . & vi . 改良 ;修改 , 修订discrete [dis ?kri:t] adj . 分离的 , 不相关联的external [eks ?t ? :nl] adj . 外面的 , 外部的外观的 , 表面的外国的medical [ ? medik? l ] adj . 医学的 , 医疗的 , 医术的内科的 n 全盛时期vt 使准prime [praim] adj . 首要的 ; 主要的 ; 基本的最好的, 第一流的 . .备好 , 使完成准备工作事先指导 , 事先向⋯提供情况symbol[ ? simb? l] n 象征 , 标志符号 , 记号.aware[ ? ? w? ? ] adj . 意识到的 , 知道的draft [drɑ:ft ]n. 草稿 ,草案 , 草图汇票应召入伍者 ;特遣队 vt . 起草 ,画草图 , 草 拟选派 , 抽调征募 , 征召⋯入伍facilitat e [f ? ? siliteit] vt . 使便利 ,减轻⋯的困难mental [ ? mentl] adj . 精神的 ,头脑的 , 心理的 , 智力的精神病的psychology [sai ? k? l ? d? i] n. 心理学心理 ; 心理特点 服务的 对象 攻击的 对象target [ ? t n .( 射击的 ) 靶子 ( 欲达到的 ) 目 指 标 ); ( )ɑ:ɡit][ ] (vt . 瞄准某物n 容量 容积才能 能力身份 职位capacity [k ? ? p? , , ,siti].enable [i ? neibl] vt . 使能够 ;提供做⋯的权利 [ 措施 ] 使可能n 基本原则 基本fundamental [ ? f ? nd? ? ment? l] adj . 基本的 ; 重要的 , 必要的. , 法则 vt . 修饰 vt . & vi . 修改 ,modify [ ? m?difai] 更改pursue [p ? ? sju:] vt . 追捕 , 追击追求继续 ; 从事 , 经营transit [ ? tr ? nsit] n 搬运 ; 载运 ; 运输 .challenge [ ? t ? ? lind ? ] n. 挑战 , 邀请比赛怀疑 , 质问艰巨的任务 vt . 挑战质疑考验energy [ ? en? d? i ] n. 活力 ,干劲 , 能力精力〈物〉能 , 能量 , 能源generate [ ? d? en? reit] vt . 生成 , 产生引起 , 导致 班长 纠察员 vt 监听 监monitor [ ? m? nit ? n 监视器 , 监听器 ; 检测器 ( 学校 ); . , ]. 视监测 , 检测ratio [ ? rei ? i ? u] n. 比, 比率n 趋势 , 倾向流行trend [trend].法律文件等的条款 clause [kl n 从句 ( )? :z] .8enforce [in ? f ? :s] vt . 实施 ,执行强迫 , 迫使 一代人 一代产生 发生 generation [ ? d? en? ? rei ? ? n 同时代的人 , , , n]. 电视网 n 网状物 (电视与计算机 ) 网络 , 网状系统广播网, network [ ? netw? :k] . 不合格产品 vt 谢绝 排斥 退 reject [ri ? d? n 被拒货品, . 拒绝 , ; 驳回舍弃 , , ekt] .掉n 个人对事件的 描述 说法 看法版本 形式译本 剧本 version [ ? v? : ? ? n] .( ) , , , ,复合物 院子 围起来的 vtcompound[ ? k? mpaund] n , 化合物 ( 筑有围墙的 ),( ) 场地 . . 使混合 , 使合成使严重 ; 使恶化 实际存在物 entity [ ? n 实体 , 独立存在体 , entiti].物 翻版比喻 引 image[ ? imid ? n 形象 , 概念镜像 , 影像 , 图像印象酷似的人 [ ], , ] .喻, 明喻外形 , 外表 , 模样 奇想 意图 打算notion [ ? n? u? n 概念 ,观念 , 看法突然的念头 , ; , ? n] .revenue [ ? rev ? nju:] n . 收入 , 收益 ; 财政收入 , 税收welfare [ ? welf ? ? ] n. 健康 , 幸福 , 繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利 ( 制度 )conflict [ ? k? nflikt ] n 战斗 , 斗争冲突 , 抵触 , 争论 vi . 抵触 , 冲突.equivalent [i ? kwiv ? l ? nt]adj . 相等的 , 相当的liberal [ ? lib ? r ? l] adj . 心胸宽阔的 , 无偏见的慷慨的 , 大方的开放的 ; 主张变革的自由的 , n 宽容大度的人自由主义者不拘一格的 . adj 客观的 不带偏见的 n 目标 目的objective [ ? b? d? ektiv] . ; ;.stable [ ? steibl] adj . 稳定的 ; 安定的沉稳 [ 持重 ] 的whereas[hw? ? r ? ? z] conj . 但是 ,而Sublist 6abstract [ ? ? bstr ? kt] adj . 抽象的抽象派的 n 抽象 , 抽象概念 , 抽象性抽象派艺 .术作品摘要 , 梗概 vt .提取, 抽取做⋯的摘要capable [ ? keip ? bl] adj . 有能力的 , 有技能的exceed[ik? si:d] vi .( 在数量、质量上 ) 突出 , 领先 vt . 超过 ;超越incidence [ ? insid ? n 发生率 , 影响范围ns] .migrate [mai ? ɡreit] vi . 迁移 ;移往recover [ri ? k? v? ] vi . 恢复健康 ( 体力、能力等 ) vt . 恢复 ; 重新获得 , 找回〈正〉恢复 ( 适当的状态或位置 )accurate [ ? ? kjurit] adj . 精确的 , 准确的正确无误的cite [sait] vt . 引用 , 举例表彰 , 嘉奖传唤 ,传讯能手expert [ ? eksp? :t] adj.专家的,内行的,熟练的 n 专家,.incorporate [in ? k? :p?reit]vt . 包含 ,加上 , 吸收把⋯合并 , 使并入组成公司minimum[ ? minim? m] adj.最低的,最小的n 最低限度,最小量.reveal[ri ? vi:l] vt . 显示 ; 露出泄露 ;透露acknowledge[ ? k? n? lid ? ] vt . 承认 ,供认告知已收到鸣谢 , 感谢cooperate [k ? u? ? p? reit] vi . 合作 ;配合 , 协助explicit [iks ?plisit]adj . 详述的 , 明确的 , 明晰的直言的 , 毫不隐瞒的 , 露骨的index [ ? n 索引标志,象征;量度(物价或工资的)指数〈数〉指数,幂 vt.indeks] .给⋯编索引 , 指示出n政府的部ministry [ ?ministri] .( )n 余地, 机会 (处理、研究事务的 ) 范围scope[sk ? up] .9aggregate [ ? ? ɡri ɡit] n 〈正〉数 , 总计 vt . 总计达⋯ vt . & vi .( 使 聚集. ) discriminate [di s ? krimineit ] vi . 歧视 , 有差别地对待 vt . & vi . 分别 ,辨别 , 区分federal [ ? fed ? r ? l ] adj . 联邦 ( 制) 的联邦政府的 inhibit [in ?hibit] n vt . 阻止 ; 抑制动机 , 目的motive [ ? m? utiv].n subsidy [ ? s? bsidi] . 补贴 , 津贴 , 补助金allocate [ ? ? l ? keit] vt . 分配 , 分派把⋯拨给 vt 陈列 展览显示显露display [di s ? n 陈列 , 展览陈列的货物、艺术品等 . , , plei].n 费 ,酬金fee [fi:]. vt . 开始 , initiat e [i ? ni ? ieit] 着手传授 ; 使初步了解接纳新成员 , 让⋯加入neutral [ ? nju:t r ? l ] adj . 中立的 , 不偏不倚的中立 ( 国家 ) 的暗淡的 ; 非彩色的 ( 化学中 ) 中性的不带电的 n .( 汽车或其他机器的 ) 空挡位置中立人士 ; 中立国n 带子录音磁带 ; 录像带 vt . 用带子捆起来 vt . & vi . 录音tape [teip].vt . 分配 ; assign [ ? ? sain] 交给指派 , 选派指定 , 订出diverse [dai ? v? s] adj . 不同的 ,多种多样的flexibl e [ ? flek s ? bl ] adj . 易弯曲的 , 柔韧的灵活的 , 可变通的input [ ? n 输入 , 投入〈电〉输入端输入的数据 vt . 把⋯输入电脑input]. adv 仍然 然而 尽管如此 然而nevertheless [ ? nev? e ? ? les] , , 不过 conj . ,. v t 标出 trace [treis] n 踪迹 ; 痕迹 ; 形迹极微的量 . 追踪 ; 追溯发现 ; 找到描绘 ; . vt . & vi . 缓慢而困难地书写 attach [ ? ? t ? t ? ] vt . & vi . 贴上 ; 系 ; 附上 产业domain[d ? u? n 范围 , 领域版图 , 领土地产 ,mein] .furthermore [ ? f ? : e ?? m? :] adv. 而且 ,此外instruc t [i n ? str ? kt] vt . 命令 , 指示教 , 指导通知 向或来自 外国的 adv 在overseas [ ? ? uv? ? si:z] adj .( 在 海外的 , ( 在 )国外的 ( )) . [ 向] 海外; 在[ 向] 国外 vt .& vi . 改变transform [tr ? ns? f ? :m] 创始人 发起人author [ ? ? : θ? n 著作家 , 作者创造者 , ; ].edit [ ? edit] vt . 剪辑 ( 电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等) vt . &vi . 编辑n 〈语〉性gender[ ? d? end? ] .intelligent [in ? telid ? ?nt] adj . 聪明的 ; 理解力强的precede [ ? pri ? si:d] vt . & vi . 在⋯之前 , 先于transport [tr ? ns? p? :t]vt . 运送 ; 流放使万分激动契约票据vt 使粘结bond[b ? nd] n 联系,关系连接,接合,结合有息债券合同, , . ,. 使结合enhance[in ? hɑ:ns] vt . 提高 , 增加 , 加强ignorant [ ?i ɡn? r ? nt] adj . 无知的 , 愚昧的interval[ ?int ? v?n 间隔时间幕间休息l] .presume[pri ? zju:m] vi . 冒昧地做某事 ; 错用自作主张 , 放肆 vt . 以为 ; 假定underlie [ ?? nd? ?lai] vt . 位于或存在于 ( 某物 ) 之下构成⋯的基础 ( 或起因 ); 引起brief [bri:f] adj.短暂的,短时间的简洁的,简短的 n.概要,摘要vt.向⋯介绍基本情况 , 作⋯的摘要estate [is ?teit]n. 土地 , 地区庄园 , 种植园地产 ,财产 ;遗产动机incentive [in ? sentiv] n 激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 诱因,n .讲课冗长的训斥教训训斥vtlecture [ ? lekt ? ? ]演讲; [谴责 ]vt.责备, , . & .10vi .( 向⋯) 演讲 ; ( 给⋯) 讲课rational [ ? r ? ? ? nl] adj . 神智清楚的理性的 ; 理智的 ; 合理的 ; 出于理性的 utilize [ ? ju:tilaiz] vt . 利用 , 使用Sublist 7adapt [ ? ? d? pt] vt . 改编 , 改写 vt . & vi .( 使)适应, ( 使) 适合contrary [ ? k? ntr ? ri ] adj . 相反的 , 相违的 n 相反 , 反面 , 对立面.empirical [em? pirik ? l] adj . 以观察或实验为依据的identical [ai ? dentik ? l ] adj . 同一的 事物phenomenon[fi n 现象特殊的人 [ ]? n? min? n] .submit [s ? b? mit] vi . 屈服 , 认输 vt . 提交 , 呈递〈正〉建议 , 主张 , 申辩adult [ ? ? d? lt ] adj . 成熟的成年人的 , 适宜于成年人的n . 成年的人或动物convert [k ? n? v? :t ] vt . & vi .( 使 ) 转变 , ( 使) 转化皈依 , 改变( 信仰)equip[i? k wip] vt . 装备 , 配备使有能力 , 使胜任ideology [ ? aid i ? ? l ? d? n 思想 ( 体系 ), 思想意识 i]. priorit y [prai? ? riti] n. 优先权 , 重点优先考虑的事 继承人successor [s ? k? ses? ] n 接替的人或事物 , 继任者 ,.advocate [ ? ? dv? keit ] n. 提倡者 , 拥护者辩护律师 , 辩护人 vt . 提倡 , 主张couple [ ? k? n 一对 , 一双一些 , 几个夫妻 , 情侣 vt . 连接 , 联结 , 联系pl] . 摘录 v t抽出提取 extract [iks ? tr ? kt ] n ,引用提炼物 , 浓缩物 .( 费力地 ) 拔出 , , . 榨出infer [in? f ?:] vt . 推断 ,推知prohibit [pr ? ? hibit] vt . 禁止 ;阻止survive [s ? ? vaiv] vi . 幸存 , 活下来 vt . 比⋯活得长 , 经历⋯之后还存在 n 帮助 , 援助 , 救助助手 , 辅助物 , 辅助手段 vt . 帮助 , 援助aid [eid].decade[ ? dekeid] n. 十年 , 十年间 文件 计算机文件纵列v i 排成纵队前进 vtfile [fail] n 文件夹 , 公文箱卷宗 , ; . . .把⋯归档提交 ( 申请等 ), 呈递用锉锉innovate [ ? in ? uveit] vi . 改 创新革 ,publication[ ? p? bli ? kei ? ? n] n. 发表 , 公布出版 , 刊行 , 发行出版物 , 书刊thesis [ ?n 论题 , 命题 , 论点论文 , 毕业 或学位 ) 论文θi:sis].( channel [ ? t ?? n 海峡通道 ; 水沟 , 水渠渠道 , 途径频道 nl] .definit e [ ? definit] adj . 明确的 ,确切的一定的 , 肯定的finite [ ? fainait ] adj . 有限的 , 有限度的〈语〉限定的 vt 插入 嵌入insert [in ? s? n 添入物 ( 尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图 ) . ,:t] .quote [kw? ut] vt . 提到⋯以支持某论点报 ( 价); 开( 价) vt . & vi . 引用 , 援引topic [ ? t ? n 题目 ,论题 , 话题pik] . chemical [ ? kemik? l] adj . 化学的 n. 化学药品deny[di ? nai] vt . 否认知情拒绝 建立 设立创办基础基本原理 根据地基基金 foundation [faun ? dei ? n , , , , ? n] .( 会)intervene [ ? ? nt ? ? vi:n] vi . 干涉 , 干预 ; 调解干扰 , 阻碍 发布的新闻消息 vtrelease [ri ? n 释放 ,排放 , 解除释放令公映的新影片 , [ ] . li:s]. 释放 ; 放开发布 ; 发行 ; 发售11transmit [tr ? nz? mit]vt . 传播, 传染传导 vt . & vi .发射, 播送 , 广播 classic [ ? kl ? sik] adj .( 著作 , 赛事等 ) 最优秀的 , ( 可作)典范的 (病例等 )典型的 ,标准的 ( 衣服, 设计等 ) 传统式样的 , 典雅的 ( 因为时已久 ) 著名的 ; n 文豪 , 大传统的 .艺术家 ;文学名著 , 经典作品 , 杰作优秀的典范 differentiat e [ ? dif ? ? ren ?ieit] vi . 区别对待 vt . & vi . 区分 ,区别 , 辨别 globe [ ɡl? n 地球 , 世界球体 ; 球状物地球仪 ub].isolate [ ? ais ? leit] vt . 使隔离 ,使孤立 , 使脱离n 相反钱币的反面背面 失败 reverse [ri ? v? :s] adj . 相反的 , 颠倒的 , 反向的 [] , .挫败 vt . & vi .( 使)反转; ( 使)颠倒; ( 使) 翻转推翻 , 取消使倒退 , 逆转ultimate [ ? ? ltimit] adj . 最后的,最终的基本的 , 根本的最大的 , 极限程度的 comprehensive [ ? k? mpri ? hensiv] adj . 广泛的 ,综合的dispose [dis ? p? uz] vt . 布置使愿意或准备做 vt . & vi . 处理 ; 处置 分数grade[ ɡreid] n 官阶、质量 等级 , 品级 , 阶段 , 程度〈尤美〉 ( 考试或作业的 ) , .( ) 评分等级〈尤美〉 ( 学生受测试的 ) 技巧水平 ( 尤指音乐方面 ) 〈美〉 年级 ; ( 按年级划 分的 ) 小学生 n 媒体media[ ? mi:dj ? ]. vt . 假装模仿 ,simulate [ ?simjuleit] 模拟unique [ju: ? ni:k] adj . 独一无二的 , 仅有的 , 惟一的异常的 ,特有的 , 少见的comprise [k ? m? praiz] vt . 包含 ,包括 , 由⋯组成组成 ,构成dynamic[dai ? n? mik] adj . 有活力的 , 强有力的不断变化的动力的 , 动态的guarantee [ ? ɡ? r ? n? n 保证 , 保障 ; 保证书 ; 保用期担保 , 担保人担保品 ,ti:]. 抵押品 vt . 保证 ; 担保使 ( 事情 ) 可能发生mode[m? ud]n. 方式 ,样式样式 ,风格 sole [s ? ul ] adj . 单独的 ,惟一的专有的 , 独占的visible [ ? viz ? bl] adj . 看得见的 ,可见的 ,有形的明显的 , 可察觉到的confirm [k ? n? f ? :m] vt . 证实 , 证明 ; 肯定 , 确认使巩固 , 加强批准 ; 认可 eliminate [i ? limineit] vt . 消除 ,排除忽略淘汰〈口〉干掉。
AWL词表(学术词表--Academic Word List)
investment•administration•maintenance•design•obtained•restricted•conduct•
Sublist3
comments•convention•published•framework•implies•negative•dominant•illustrated•outcomes•constant•shift•deduction•ensure•specified•justification•funds•reliance•
•diversity•attached•recovery•assigned•tapes•motivation•bond•edition•nevertheless•transport•cited•fees•scope•enhanced•incorporated•instructions•subsidiary•input•
required•constitutional•analysis•distribution•function•area•approach•role•legislation•indicate•response•period•context•significant•similar•
Sublist2
community•resident•range•construction•strategies•elements•previous•conclusion•security•aspects•acquisition•features•text•commission•regulations•computer•items•consumer•achieve•final•positive•evaluation•assistance•normal•relevant•distinction•
AWL词汇表——雅思
AWLSublist 1 analyze [ ??n?laiz] vt . 〈美〉分析, 分解, 解释constitute [?k? nstitju:t] vt . 构成, 组成建立, 制定选定, 任命establish [is ?t?bli ? ] vt . 建立, 成立安置确定, 证实indicate [?indikeit] vt.标示，指示，指出象征;表明或暗示…的可能性occur [??k?:] vi .发生；举行；存在被发现；想到[起]role [r ?ul] n. 作用，职责角色approach [ ??pr ?ut ? ] n.靠近，接近，临近通路，入口，途径方式，方法vt .接洽，交涉；着手处理vt . & vi . 接近，走近，靠近context [ ?k? ntekst] n. 背景，环境上下文，语境estimate [?estimeit] n. 估计，估价报价判断vt. & vi . 估计；评价，评估individual [?? ndi ?vidju ?l] adj. 个别的，单独的，个人的独特的n. 个人人percent [p ??sent] n. 百分比，百分数section [?sek? ?n] n. 章节部分部门，科截面，剖面地区，区area[ ?? ?ri ?] n. 面积区域，地区领域，方面con tract [k ? n?tr?kt ] n.契约，合同vt.缔结；订契约vt. & vi .染上（恶习，疾病等）缩小；紧缩evident [ ?evid ?nt] adj . 明显的，明白的interpret [in ?t?:prit] vt.解释；说明vt. & vi . 口译；翻译period [?pi ?ri ?d] n.（一段）时间时期，时代学时，课时句号，句点sector [?sekt ?] n. 部门；领域防御地区，防卫区域扇形，扇形面assess [ ??ses] vt . 估价，估计评定，核定create [kri ?eit] vt . 创造，创作，创建引起，产生export [eks ?p? :t] n.输出，出口输出[出口]物vt. & vi .出口，输出involve [in ?v? lv] vt . 使某事物成为必要条件或结果；需要使参与，牵涉policy [?p? l ?si] n. 政策，方针策略，精明的行为，上策保险单significant [si g?nifik ?nt] adj.重要的，重大的，可观的有意义的，有用意的意味深长的assume[ ??sju:m] vt. 假设，臆断，猜想假装承担，担任，就职呈现，采取data [ ?deit ?] n. 资料，材料factor [?f?kt ?] n. 因素，要素〈数〉因子，因数issue [?isju:] n. 问题，议题；争论点发行物放出，流出；发出，发行〈正〉结果，结局vi . 冒出，流出；传出vt .出版，发行发表，发布分配，发给principle [ ?prins ?pl] n. 原则，原理准则，规范操守，道义工作原理similar [ ?simil ?] adj . 类似的；同类的；相似的；同样的authority [? : ?0 ? riti] n.权力，职权官方，当局权威，专家define [di ?fain] vt . 精确地解释；界定规定，确定finance [fai ?n?ns] n. 财政，金融财源，资金，财务情况vt . 为…供给资金，从事金融活动labour [?leib ?] n.劳动，努力；工作劳工，工人分娩，（分娩时的）阵痛vi .劳动；努力艰难行进proceed [pr ??si:d] vi .前进；行进进行；继续下去source [s ? :s] n. 河流的源头，发源地来源，出处原因提供资料者，资料来源available [ ??veil ?bl] adj. 可用的或可得到的可会见的，可与之交谈的derive [di ?raiv] vt . & vi . 得到源于formula [ ?f ? :mjul ?] n. 准则, 原则公式, 方程式配方legal [?li: g?l] adj.法律上的；合法的；法定的process [ ?pr?uses] n.过程，进程工序，制作法vi.列队行进vt.加工；处理specific [spi ?sifik] adj.明确的，确切的，详尽的具体的，特有的，特定的仅限于…的；只发现于…的n.特效药具体方面，细节benefit [ ?benifit] n. 益处，好处救济金，保险金vt. & vi .有益于，得益distribute[dis ?tribju:t] vt . 分配，分给散发；散播；分布function [?f??k??n] n.功能；作用；职责函数；与另一事物有密切关系的事物社交集会vi .工作，运行，起作用legislate [ ?led ?isleit] vt. & vi .立法；制定法律require [ri ?kwai?] vt . 有赖于… ；需要命令，指示要求，规定想要structure [ ?str ?kt ? ?] n.结构，构造有结构的事物；复杂的整体；建筑物vt.组织；安排；构造; 制定concept [ ?k? nsept] n.概念；观念；想法economy[i ?k? n?mi] n.节约，节省经济体制，经济状况identify [ai ?dentifai] vt . 认出，识别支持，同情vt . & vi . 等同于；有关联major [ ?meid??] adj.较大的；主要的；严重的n.少校专业；主修科目vi .〈美〉主修，专攻research [ri ?s?:t ? ] n. 研究；探讨vi .做研究，探究，研究，探讨vt. 从事…的研究，为…而做研究theory [ ? 0 i ?ri] n.学说理论，原理意见，看法consist [k ?n?sist] vi . 组成，构成在于，存在于environment [in ?vai ?r?nn?nt] n.环境,周围状况，自然环境income[ ?ink ?m] n.收入，所得,收益method[ ?me0 ?d] n.方法，办法秩序，条理respond [ri ?sp? nd] vi .有反应；有效果；有影响vt. & vi .回答；回报；响应vary [ ?v? ?ri]vi . 呈现不同vt. & vi .（使）变化，改变Sublist 2 achieve [ ??t ? i:v] vt .取得，获得实现，达到，完成community[k??mju:niti] n.社区，社会，团体大众,公众共有，共享design [di ?zain] n.图样，设计图设计，布局目的，打算vt .计划，筹划vt . & vi .设计，绘制institute [ ?institju:t] n.协会，学会；学院，研究院vt.建立，制定；开始，着手potential [p ??ten? ?l] adj. 潜在的，有可能的n. 潜力，潜势，可能性restrict [ris ?trikt] vt .限制；约束acquire [ ??kwai ?] vt.获得，得到，养成complex[ ?k? mpleks] adj. 由许多部分组成的，复合的复杂的，难懂的n. 综合体，集合体〈心〉情结，夸大的情绪反应distinct [dis ?ti ? kt] adj. 截然不同的，完全分开的清晰的，明白的，明显的invest [in ?vest] vt . 授予vt . & vi . 投资；花费previous [?pri:vi ?s] adj. 先前的，以前的过早的，过急的secure [si ?kju ?] adj .牢固的；可靠的有把握的；确切的vt .握紧；关牢使安全（使）获得；把…弄到手administer [?d?minist ?] vt. 管理，支配给予执行，实施compute[k ?m?pju:t] vt . 计算，估算element [ ?elim ?nt] n.（化学）元素成分, 要素, 原件一伙人基础, 纲要, 原理item [ ?ait ?m] n. 一项, 一件, 一条; 项目primary [ ?praim ?ri] adj. 首要的; 主要的; 基本的最初的; 初级的seek[si:k] vi .企图；试图vt .请求,征求；求教vt. & vi .寻找；探寻affect [??fekt] vt . 影响感动假装con elude [k ?n ?klu:d] vt.得出结论；断定决定vt. & vi .结束equate [i ?kweit] vt . 认为某事物（与另一事物）相等或相仿journal [ ?d??:nl] n. 杂志, 期刊日志, 日记purchase [?p?:t ? ?s] n. 购买, 购置买到的东西vt. 购买select [si ?lekt] adj. 精选的, 挑选出来的限制性的, 选择严格的vt. 选择；挑选即propriate [ ??pr ?upriit] adj.适当的，恰当的vt.挪用；占用；盗用拨出（款项）con duct [k ? n?d?kt] n.举止，行为管理（方式）,实施（方式）vt. & vi .引导，带领，担任指挥控制，管理传导evaluate [i ?v?ljueit ] vt. 评价，估计，估价maintain [mein ?tein] vt. 保持；继续保养，维护坚持；主张供给；赡养range [reind ?] n. 一系列变化幅度，范围射程，距离（山）脉vi .变化vt.排列site [sait] n.位置，场所，地点vt.使坐落在；设置aspect [??spekt ] n. 方面方位，朝向面貌，模样，神态consequent [?k? nsikw ?nt] adj . 作为结果的，随之发生的feature [ ?fi:t ? ?] n. 特征，特色面貌，相貌特写，专题节目（电影的）正片，故事片normal [?n? :m?l] adj . 正常的，平常的正规的；标准的region [?ri:d ??n] n. 地区；地带；区域；范围strategy [ ?str?tid ?i] n. 战略学，兵法战略，策略策略，计谋assist [??sist] vt . & vi . 帮助，促进construct [k ?n?str ?kt] vt . 修建，建立构成，组成final [?fain ?l] adj.最后的，最终的决定性的，确定性的n.决赛（大学的）期终考试obtain [?b?tein] vi . 通行；流行vt. 获得，得到；买到regulate [ ?re cjuleit] vt.控制，管理调整；调节survey [s ??vei] n. 调查vt . 眺望；纵览测量；勘察检查，鉴定通盘考虑，回顾category [?k?ti c?ri] n. 种类，类别consume[k ?n?sju:m] vt . 消耗，消费，耗尽大吃，大喝烧毁，毁灭focus [ ?f ?uk?s] n.焦点，焦距；中心vt. & vi .（使）集中，（使）聚集调整（镜头，眼睛）焦点[焦距] 以便看清participate [p a ?tisipeit] vt. & vi .参加，参与relevant [?rel ?v?nt] adj. 有关的，切题的text [tekst] n.正文，本文原文，全文教科书，课本chapter [ ?t ? ?pt ?] n. 章，回，篇credit [?kredit] n. 赊购；赊购制度存款；存款数额借款；贷款赞扬，荣誉，功劳信任，相信学分vt.相信，信任把…记入贷方，存入（账户）impact [?imp?kt ] n.影响，作用冲击（力）,碰撞vt. & vi .对某事物有影响perceive [p ??si:v] vt .感觉，察觉，理解reside [ri ?zaid] vi . 居住；定居tradition [tr ??di ? ?n] n. 传统惯例commission [k??mi? ?n] n. 授权，委托委员会佣金，回扣vt .委任，委托culture [ ?k?lt ? ?] n.文化休养,教养，精神文明养殖，培养，栽培vt.培植，培养injure [?i nd??] vt.伤害，损害positive [?p? zitiv] adj. 确实的, 明确的积极的; 肯定的表现得有信心和有希望的, 确信的〈数〉〈电〉正的，阳性的完全的; 纯粹的n. 〈语〉原级形容词确实; 正量，正数正片resource [ri ?s? :s] n.资源（必要时可给予）帮助、支持或安慰的事物才智；机敏；创造精神transfer [tr?ns ?f ?:] n.转移；转让；转录中转，换乘，改变路线vt.转让vt. & vi .转移；迁移Sublist 3alternative [ ? :l ?t?:n ?tiv] adj. 两者择一的，供替代的不寻常的，非传统性的非正统的n. 取舍，抉择，可供选择的事物选择的余地，可供选择的机会convene[k ?n?vi:n] vt . & vi .召开，召集emphasis [ ?emf?sis] n.强调，重点interact [?? nt?r??kt] vi .相互作用[影响]，互相配合philosophy [fi ?l ? s?fi] n. 哲学人生哲学，人生观达观sex [seks] n. 性别；性男性；女性性关系性活动，性行为circumstance[ ?s?:k ?mst?ns] n. 环境，条件，情况境遇，经济状况coordinate [k ?u?? :dineit] adj.同等的，并列的n.〈数〉坐标vt .使协调；使调和ensure [in ?? u?] vt. 确保，担保担保获得[避免] justify [ ?d??stifai] vt.证明…有理；为…辩护physical [?fizik ?l] adj.身体的，肉体的物质的自然规律的，按自然法则的自然（界）的物理学的n. 身体检查，体格检查shift [? ift] n.转换，转变轮[换]班轮班工人计谋，手段切换键vi .快速行进vt. & vi .改变，变换，转移，移动去掉；摆脱掉换挡commen（ ?k? ment] n.评论，意见，解释，批评vt. & vi .评论；谈论core [k ? :] n. 果核核心，精髓，要点exclude [iks ?klu:d] vt . 排除；不包括在内layer [?lei ?] n. 层，层次proportion [pr ??p? :? ?n] n. 均衡；相称，协调一物与他物在数量、大小等方面的关系；比例部分；份儿specify [ ?spesifai] vt . 详述指定compensate[?k? mpenseit] vt . & vi . 补偿，报酬corporate [ ?k? :p ?rit] adj. 社团的，法人的framework [ ?freimw ?:k] n. 构架；结构link [li ? k] n.环，联系，纽带vt. & vi .连接，联系publish [ ?p?bli ? ] vt . & vi . 出版公布sufficient [s ??fi ? ?nt] adj . 足够的；充足的component[k ?m?p?un?nt] n. 成分，组成部分，部件，元件correspond [?k? ris ?p? nd] vi . 相符合，相一致相当，相类似通信fund[f ?nd] n. 基金，专款现款；资金储备，蕴藏vt. 为…提供资金，给…拨款locate[I ?u?keit] vt.找出，指出（地点或位置）vt. & vi .（在…）设置，坐落于react [ri ??kt ] vi . 起反应；有影响反对；对抗task [t a sk] n.工作；任务；差事consent [k ?n?sent] n.准许，同意，赞成vi.同意；赞成criteria [kra ? ?t? ?r ? ?] n. 标准illustrate [?il ?streit] vt . 给…加插图说明，阐明；表明maximise [ ?m?ksimaiz ] vt. 使（某事物）增至最大限度最大限度地利用（某事物）register [?red?ist ?] n.登记（表）,注册（簿）记录器暖气,调风器vt. & vi .记录；登记；注册显出注意到, 记住technical [?teknik ?l] adj .技术的；应用科学的艺术的, 工艺的（指书等）要求有专门知识的, 使用术语的, 专业的considerable [k?n?sid ?r?bl] adj. 相当大（或多）的deduce[di ?dju:s] vt . 推论, 演绎immigrate [ ?imi y eit] vi.移入minor [?main?] adj . 较小的, 较少的, 低级的, 次要的n. 未成年人副修科目rely [ri ?lai] vi . 信任；信赖；依赖, 依靠technique [tek ?ni:k] n. 技巧, 手法, 技术技能constant [?k? nst?nt] adj .始终如一的, 恒久不变的不断的, 连续发生的忠实的, 忠诚的demonstrate [ ?dem?nstreit] vi . 举行示威游行（或集会）vt . 说明, 演示论证, 证明显示, 表露imply [im ?plai] vt . 暗示, 暗指必然包含negate [ni ? gpit] vt.取消，使无效否定；否认remove[ri ?mu:v] vi . 迁移；移居vt . 移走；排除开除technology [tek ?n? l ?d?i] n. 科技（总称）；工艺；应用科学工业技术con strain [k ?n ?strei n] vt.强迫，强使；限制，约束document[?d? kjum?nt] n.公文，文件，文献vt.证明记录，记载initial [i ?ni? ?l] adj .最初的，开头的outcome[ ?autk ?m] n. 结果scheme[ski:m] n.阴谋，诡计计划，方案vt. & vi.策划；图谋valid [?v?lid ] adj . 正当的，有充分根据的，符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的contribute [k ?n?tribjut] vi . 起促成作用vt . & vi . 捐献，捐助，贡献出撰稿，投稿dominate [?d? mineit] vt.耸立于，俯临vt. & vi.控制，支配，统治在…中占首要地位instanee [ ?inst ?ns] n.例子，实例partner [ ?p a tn ?] n•伙伴，同伙，合伙人，股东同伴，搭档配偶，情人vt •做…的搭档sequence[?si:kw ?ns] n. 有关联的一组事物，一连串先后次序，顺序，连续volume [ ?v? Iju:m] n.卷，册，书卷体积；容积，容量音量，响度Sublist 4access [ ??kses ] n.通道，入口接近[取得]…的方法[权利等]vt.存取（计算机文件）communicate[k ??mju:nikeit] vi . 通讯；交际，交流相连；相通vt . & vi . 传达；表达error [?er?] n. 错误过失，失误internal [in ?t ?:n ?l] adj. 内部的国内的，内政的体内的parallel [?p?r?lel] adj.（指至少两条线）平行的类似的；相对应的n.平行线[面]极相似的人[事物] 类似（点），相似（之处）比较纬线，纬圈vt. 与…平行；与…相当resolve [ri ?z? lv] vt .（指委员会或集会）表决解决（问题、疑问等）分解，解析（某物）vt. & vi. 决定；决心adequate [??dikwit ] adj. 充分的，足够的适当的，胜任的concentrate [ ?k? ns?ntreit] vt. 浓缩vt. & vi . 专心于；注意集中，聚集ethnic [ ?e 0 nik] adj .种族的，部落的某文化群体的investigate [in ?vesti gpit] vt.调查；审查parameter [p ??r?mit ?] n.（限定性的）因素，特性，界限〈物〉〈数〉参量，参数retain [ri ?tein] vt . 保持; 保留止住; 容纳annual [ ??nju ?l] adj . 每年的, 年度的, 一年一次的n. 一年生植物年刊, 年报, 年鉴confer [k ?n?f?:] vi .〈拉〉商谈，商议vt.授予，赋予goal [ g?ul] n.球门进球得的分努力的对象,目标job [d ?? b] n. 职业，职位（一件）工作职责，责任phase [feiz] n.阶段，时期（月亮、行星的）位相vt.分阶段计划[安排]series [?si ?ri:z] n. 连续的同类事物，系列串联apparent [??p?r?nt] adj .显然的，明白的，清晰可见的表面上的，貌似（真实）的contrast [?k? ntr?st ] n.对比，对照差异，差别对照物，明显的对比物vt. & vi .对比，对照grant [ g a nt] n.补助金，助学金，津贴vt.准许；答应给予承认label [?leib ?l] n.标签，标记称号；符号；标示vt.贴标签于把…列为predict [pri ?dikt] vt . & vi . 预言；预测；预示statistic [st ??tistik] adj. 统计的，统计学的n. 统计量approximate [??pr? ksimit] adj .近似的，大约的vt. & vi .近似，接近cycle [?saikl] n.循环，周期自行车，摩托车vi .骑自行[摩托]车hence[hens] adv. 从此时起，从此处因此，所以mechanism[ ?mek?niz ?m] n. 机械装置构造，机制办法，技巧，途径principal [ ?prins ?p?l] adj.最重要的；主要的n.负责人，校长资本，本金被代理人，委托人status [?steit ?s] n. 身份，地位情形，状况attitude [??titju:d ] n.态度，看法姿态，姿势debate [di ?beit] n. 讨论，辩论vt. & vi . 辩论，争论hypothesis [hai ?p? 0 isis] n.假说，假设，前提obvious [ ?? bvi ?s] adj . 明显的；显而易见的prior [ ?prai ?] adj .优先的；在前的；较早的stress [stres] n. 压力，紧张强调，重要性重力重音vt. 重读强调attribute [ ??tribju:t] n.属性，特性vt.认为…是；归因于…认为某作品出自某人之手认为某事[ 物] 属于某人[ 物]despite [dis ?pait] prep. 不管，尽管implement [ ?implim ?nt] n.工具，器具，用具vt.使生效，贯彻，执行occupy[?? kjupai] vt .占领；占有使从事；使忙于professional [pr ??fe ? ?n?l] adj.职业的，专业的内行的，有经验的有意的，故意的n.具有某专业资格的人，专业人士内行，专家专门职业者，职业选手subsequent [?s?bsikw ?nt] adj . 随后的，继…之后的civil [ ?sivl] adj. 公民的，平民的；非军职的，非宗教的；国民间的，民用的民事的，民法的文明的，有教养的dimension [di ?men? ?n] n. 尺寸，度量方面，部分规模，程度implicate [ ?implikeit] vt.牵连, 涉及option [?? p? ?n] n. 选择（的自由）可选择的办法附件，配件买卖选择权，期权project [pr ??d?ekt] n.项目，计划，方案，课题vt.规划抛；投；射vt. & vi .伸出，突出；表达特点sum[s ?m] n.总数，总和金额算术vt. & vi.合计总结，归纳code[k ?ud] n. 法典，法规，章程密码，电码代号，编码vt. 将…译成电码domestic [d ??mestik] adj. 本国的，国内的家庭的，家用的驯养的impose [im ?p?uz] vi .利用，占便宜；欺骗vt.强迫，强加课税，惩罚output [ ?autput] n.产量输出，输出功率promote [pr ??m?ut] vt .提升, 提拔筹划, 发起, 创立推销〈正〉促进; 推动; 增进summary[ ?s?m?ri] adj .即刻的, 立即的匆忙的, 草率的概括的; 简要的n. 摘要, 概要commit[k ??mit] vt .犯罪; 犯错承诺; 使自己受约束托付; 交付emerge[i ?m?:d ?] vi . 出现; 显出; 暴露integrate [ ?inti g eit] vt.使结合成为整体vt. & vi .（使）融入overall [ ??uv?r? :l] adj. 总体的; 全面的; 综合的全面考虑的adv. 大体上, 总的来说一切包括在内, 全部的n. 长罩衣工装裤; 工作裤regime [rei ??i:m] n. 政治制度, 政权, 政体undertake [ ??nd??teik] vt . 担任, 承揽; 保证着手, 开始Sublist 5 academy[ ??k?d?mi] n. 专科学校研究院, 学会con suit [k? n?s?lt] vt .请教，咨询；找（医生）诊治翻阅，查阅顾及，考虑vt. & vi .商议，商量evolve [i ?v? lv] vt . & vi . 演变; 进化licence [ ?lais ?ns] n. 许可证，执照许可，特许放纵，放肆orient [?? :ri ?nt] n. 东方，亚洲vt. 使熟悉，使适应使朝向；使确定位置style [stail] n. 风格，格调；文体行为方式，作风种类，类型；流行式样；款式风度；格调；气派adjust [ ??d??st] vt. & vi .（改变…以）适应；调整；校正con tact [ ?k? nt?kt ] n.接触联系，联络，交往社会关系，熟人，门路触点，接头vt . & vi.联系expand[iks ?p?nd] vt. & vi .使…变大，扩大，扩张伸展，伸开，张开，展开logic [?l ? d?ik] n. 逻辑（学），逻辑性推理方法合理的想法perspective [p ??spektiv] n. 远景，景前途；希望透视透视图观点，想法substitute [?s?bstitju:t] vt . & vi . 代替，替换，代用alter [?? :lt ?] vt . & vi . 改变，更改decline [di ?klain] n.下降，减少，衰退vi.（太阳）落下vt . & vi .辞谢；谢绝（邀请等）expose[iks ?p?uz] vt . 曝光暴露；显露揭露，袒露n. 页边空白边，边缘差数，差额；余地margin [ ?n a d ?in]precise [pri ?sais] adj . 精确的，准确的恰好的；正是的周密的，细密的，精细的sustain [s ??stein] vt . 承受，支撑维持长期保持；使继续经受，遭受amend[??mend] vt . & vi . 改良；修改，修订discrete [dis ?kri:t] adj. 分离的，不相关联的external [eks ?t?:nl] adj. 外面的，外部的外观的，表面的外国的medical [?medik?l] adj .医学的，医疗的，医术的内科的prime [praim] adj . 首要的；主要的；基本的最好的，第一流的n. 全盛时期vt. 使准备好，使完成准备工作事先指导，事先向…提供情况symbol[?simb?l] n. 象征，标志符号，记号aware[??w? ?] adj . 意识到的，知道的draft [dr a ft] n.草稿，草案，草图汇票应召入伍者；特遣队vt.起草，画草图，草拟选派，抽调征募，征召…入伍facilitate [f ??siliteit] vt . 使便利，减轻…的困难mental [?mentl] adj. 精神的，头脑的，心理的，智力的精神病的psychology [sai ?k? l ?d?i] n. 心理学心理；心理特点target [?t a g t] n.（射击的）靶子（欲达到的）目[指]标（服务的）对象；（攻击的）对象vt.瞄准某物capacity [k ??p?siti ] n. 容量, 容积才能, 能力身份, 职位enable [i ?neibl] vt.使能够；提供做…的权利[措施]使可能fundamental [ ?f?nd??ment?l] adj. 基本的; 重要的, 必要的n. 基本原则, 基本法则modify [?m? difai] vt . 修饰vt . & vi . 修改, 更改pursue [p??sju:] vt. 追捕, 追击追求继续；从事, 经营transit [ ?tr?nsit ] n. 搬运；载运；运输challenge [ ?t ? ?lind ?] n.挑战,邀请比赛怀疑,质问艰巨的任务vt.挑战质疑考验energy [?en?d?i] n. 活力, 干劲, 能力精力〈物〉能, 能量, 能源generate [?d?en?reit] vt. 生成, 产生引起, 导致mo ni tor [ ?m? nit?] n.监视器，监听器；检测器（学校）班长；纠察员vt.监听，监视监测，检测ratio [?rei ? i ?u] n. 比, 比率trend [trend] n. 趋势, 倾向流行clause [kl ? :z] n. 从句（法律文件等的）条款enforce [in ?f ? :s] vt . 实施, 执行强迫, 迫使generation [?d?en??rei ? ?n] n. 同时代的人, 一代人, 一代产生, 发生network [ ?netw ?:k] n. 网状物（电视与计算机）网络, 网状系统广播网, 电视网reject [ri ?d?ekt] n.被拒货品，不合格产品vt.拒绝，谢绝；驳回舍弃，排斥，退掉version [ ?v?: ? ?n] n.（个人对事件的）描述, 说法, 看法版本, 形式译本, 剧本compounc（?k? mpaund] n.复合物，化合物（筑有围墙的）院子，（围起来的）场地vt.使混合，使合成使严重；使恶化entity [?entiti] n. 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物image[ ?imid ?] n.形象，概念镜像，影像，图像印象酷似的人[物],翻版比喻，引喻，明喻外形，外表，模样notion [?n?u? ?n] n. 概念，观念，看法突然的念头，奇想；意图，打算revenue [ ?rev ?nju:] n.收入，收益；财政收入，税收welfare [?welf ? ?] n. 健康，幸福，繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利（制度）conflict [?k? nflikt] n.战斗，斗争冲突，抵触，争论vi .抵触，冲突equivalent [i ?kwiv?l ?nt] adj . 相等的，相当的liberal [ ?lib ?r?l] adj. 心胸宽阔的，无偏见的慷慨的，大方的开放的；主张变革的自由的，不拘一格的n. 宽容大度的人自由主义者objective [ ?b?d?ektiv] adj. 客观的；不带偏见的n. 目标；目的stable [?steibl] adj. 稳定的；安定的沉稳[持重]的whereas[hw? ?r??z] conj. 但是，而Sublist 6abstract [??bstr?kt ] adj. 抽象的抽象派的n. 抽象，抽象概念，抽象性抽象派艺术作品摘要，梗概vt . 提取，抽取做…的摘要capable [ ?keip ?bl] adj . 有能力的，有技能的exceed [ik ?si:d] vi .（在数量、质量上）突出，领先vt .超过；超越incidence [ ?insid ?ns] n. 发生率，影响范围migrate [mai ? y eit] vi .迁移；移往recover [ri ?k?v?] vi .恢复健康（体力、能力等）vt •恢复；重新获得，找回〈正〉恢复（适当的状态或位置）accurate [??kjurit ] adj. 精确的，准确的正确无误的cite [sait] vt .引用, 举例表彰, 嘉奖传唤, 传讯expert [?eksp?:t] adj.专家的,内行的,熟练的n.专家,能手in corporate [in ?k? :p ?reit] vt.包含,加上,吸收把…合并,使并入组成公司minimum[ ?minim?m] adj . 最低的, 最小的n. 最低限度, 最小量reveal [ri ?vi:l] vt . 显示; 露出泄露; 透露acknowledge [ ?k?n? lid ?] vt . 承认, 供认告知已收到鸣谢, 感谢cooperate [k ?u?? p?reit] vi . 合作; 配合, 协助explicit [iks ?plisit] adj. 详述的, 明确的, 明晰的直言的, 毫不隐瞒的, 露骨的index [?indeks] n.索引标志，象征;量度（物价或工资的）指数〈数〉指数，幕vt.给…编索引，指示出ministry [ ?ministri] n.（政府的）部scope[sk ?up] n. 余地, 机会（处理、研究事务的）范围aggregate [??g ri g t] n.〈正〉数，总计vt.总计达… vt. & vi.（使）聚集discriminate [dis ?krimineit] vi . 歧视, 有差别地对待vt . & vi . 分别, 辨别, 区分federal [ ?fed ?r?l] adj .联邦（制）的联邦政府的inhibit [in ?hibit] vt . 阻止; 抑制motive [?m?utiv] n. 动机, 目的subsidy [ ?s?bsidi] n. 补贴, 津贴, 补助金allocate [??l ?keit] vt . 分配, 分派把…拨给display [dis ?plei] n. 陈列, 展览陈列的货物、艺术品等vt . 陈列, 展览显示, 显露fee [fi:] n. 费, 酬金initiate [i ?ni ? ieit] vt. 开始, 着手传授; 使初步了解接纳新成员, 让…加入neutral [ ?nju:tr ?l] adj.中立的，不偏不倚的中立（国家）的暗淡的；非彩色的（化学中）中性的不带电的n.（汽车或其他机器的）空挡位置中立人士; 中立国tape [teip] n.带子录音磁带；录像带vt.用带子捆起来vt. & vi .录音assign [??sain] vt . 分配；交给指派, 选派指定, 订出diverse [dai ?v?s] adj . 不同的, 多种多样的flexible [?fleks ?bl] adj. 易弯曲的, 柔韧的灵活的, 可变通的in put [ ?i nput] n.输入，投入〈电〉输入端输入的数据vt.把…输入电脑nevertheless [ ?nev?e??les] adv. 仍然, 然而, 不过conj . 尽管如此, 然而trace [treis] n.踪迹；痕迹；形迹极微的量vt.追踪；追溯发现；找到描绘；标出vt. & vi .缓慢而困难地书写attach [??t?t ? ] vt . & vi . 贴上；系；附上domain[d ?u?mein] n. 范围, 领域版图, 领土地产, 产业furthermore [ ?f?:e ??m? :] adv. 而且, 此外in struct [in ?str ?kt] vt.命令,指示教，指导通知overseas [??uv??si:z] adj .（在）海外的，（在）国外的（向或来自）外国的adv.在[向]海外；在[向] 国外transform [ tr?ns ?f ? :m] vt . & vi . 改变author [?? : 0 ?] n.著作家，作者创造者,仓收台人；发起人edit [ ?edit] vt. 剪辑（电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等）vt. & vi . 编辑gender[?d?end?] n. 〈语〉性intelligent [in ?telid ??nt] adj. 聪明的；理解力强的precede [ ?pri ?si:d] vt . & vi . 在…之前，先于transport [ tr?ns ?p? :t] vt . 运送；流放使万分激动bond[b ? nd] n.联系,关系连接,接合,结合有息债券合同,契约,票据vt .使粘结,使结合enhance[in ?h a ns] vt .提高,增加,加强ignorant [?i gi?r?nt] adj.无知的，愚昧的interval[?int ?v?l] n. 间隔时间幕间休息presume[pri ?zju:m] vi .冒昧地做某事；错用自作主张，放肆vt.以为；假定underlie [??nd??lai] vt.位于或存在于（某物）之下构成…的基础（或起因）;弓I起brief [bri:f] adj .短暂的，短时间的简洁的，简短的n.概要，摘要vt.向…介绍基本情况，作… 的摘要estate [is ?teit] n. 土地，地区庄园，种植园地产，财产；遗产incentive [in ?sentiv] n. 激励某人做某事的事物；刺激；诱因，动机lecture [ ?lekt ? ?] n.演讲；讲课冗长的训斥[谴责]vt.责备，教训，训斥vt. & vi .（向…）演讲; （给… ）讲课rational [?r?? ?nl] adj.神智清楚的理性的；理智的；合理的；出于理性的utilize [ ?ju:tilaiz] vt. 利用，使用Sublist 7adapt [??d?pt ] vt . 改编，改写vt. & vi .（使）适应，（使）适合contrary [?k? ntr ?ri] adj. 相反的，相违的n. 相反，反面，对立面empirical [em?pirik ?l] adj. 以观察或实验为依据的identical [ai ?dentik ?l] adj . 同一的phenomenon[fi ?n? min?n] n.现象特殊的人[事物]submit [s ?b?mit] vi . 屈服，认输vt . 提交，呈递〈正〉建议，主张，申辩adult [??d?lt] adj . 成熟的成年人的，适宜于成年人的n. 成年的人或动物convert [k?n?v?:t] vt. & vi.（使）转变，（使）转化皈依，改变（信仰）equip [i ?kwip] vt . 装备，配备使有能力，使胜任ideology [?aidi ?? l ?d?i] n. 思想（体系），思想意识priority [prai ?? riti] n. 优先权，重点优先考虑的事successor [s ?k?ses?] n. 接替的人或事物，继任者，继承人advocate [??dv?keit] n. 提倡者，拥护者辩护律师，辩护人vt. 提倡，主张couple [?k?pl] n. 一对，一双一些，几个夫妻，情侣vt.连接，联结，联系extract [iks ?tr?kt ] n.摘录，引用提炼物，浓缩物vt .（费力地）拔出，抽出提取，榨出infer [in ?f?:] vt. 推断，推知prohibit [pr ??hibit] vt.禁止；阻止survive [s ??vaiv] vi . 幸存，活下来vt . 比…活得长，经历…之后还存在aid [eid] n.帮助，援助，救助助手，辅助物，辅助手段vt.帮助，援助decade[?dekeid] n. 十年，十年间file [fail] n.文件夹，公文箱卷宗，文件；计算机文件纵列vi .排成纵队前进vt.把…归档提交（申请等），呈递用锉锉innovate [?in ?uveit] vi . 改革，创新publication [ ?p?bli ?kei ? ?n] n.发表，公布出版，刊行，发行出版物，书刊thesis [ ? 0 i:sis] n.论题，命题,论点论文，毕业（或学位）论文channel [ ?t ? ?nl ] n. 海峡通道；水沟，水渠渠道，途径频道definite [ ?definit] adj.明确的，确切的一定的，肯定的finite [?fainait] adj . 有限的，有限度的〈语〉限定的insert [in ?s?:t] n. 添入物（尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图）vt. 插入, 嵌入quote [kw?ut] vt.提到…以支持某论点报（价）；开（价）vt. & vi .引用,援引topic [?t ? pik] n. 题目, 论题, 话题chemical [?kemik?l] adj. 化学的n. 化学药品deny[di ?nai] vt. 否认知情拒绝foundation [faun ?dei ? ?n] n. 建立, 设立, 创办基础, 基本原理, 根据地基基金（会） intervene [ ?? nt ??vi:n] vi . 干涉, 干预；调解干扰, 阻碍release [ri ?li:s] n. 释放, 排放, 解除释放令公映的新影片, 发布的新闻[ 消息] vt . 释放；放开发布；发行；发售transmit [tr?nz ?mit] vt •传播,传染传导vt. & vi .发射,播送,广播classic [?kl?sik ] adj.（著作, 赛事等）最优秀的, （可作）典范的（病例等）典型的, 标准的（衣服, 设计等）传统式样的，典雅的（因为时已久）著名的；传统的n.文豪，大艺术家；文学名著，经典作品, 杰作优秀的典范differentiate [?dif ??ren? ieit] vi . 区别对待vt. & vi . 区分, 区别, 辨别globe [ d ?ub] n.地球，世界球体；球状物地球仪isolate [ ?ais ?leit] vt . 使隔离, 使孤立, 使脱离reverse [ri ?v?:s] adj .相反的，颠倒的，反向的n.相反钱币的反面[背面]失败，挫败vt . & vi.（使）反转；（使）颠倒；（使）翻转推翻, 取消使倒退, 逆转ultimate [??ltimit] adj.最后的，最终的基本的，根本的最大的，极限程度的comprehensive [?k? mpri ?hensiv] adj . 广泛的，综合的dispose [dis ?p?uz] vt . 布置使愿意或准备做vt . & vi . 处理；处置grade [d reid] n.（官阶、质量）等级，品级，阶段，程度〈尤美〉（考试或作业的）分数，评分等级〈尤美〉（学生受测试的）技巧水平（尤指音乐方面）〈美〉年级；（按年级划分的）小学生media[?mi:dj ?] n. 媒体simulate [?simjuleit] vt. 假装模仿，模拟unique [ju: ?ni:k] adj . 独一无二的，仅有的，惟一的异常的，特有的，少见的comprise [k ?m?praiz] vt. 包含，包括，由…组成组成，构成dynamic[dai ?n?mik] adj. 有活力的，强有力的不断变化的动力的，动态的guarantee [?g ??n?ti:] n.保证,保障；保证书；保用期担保，担保人担保品，抵押品vt .保证; 担保使（事情）可能发生mode[m?ud] n. 方式，样式样式，风格sole [s ?ul] adj. 单独的，惟一的专有的，独占的visible [ ?viz ?bl] adj . 看得见的，可见的，有形的明显的，可察觉到的confirm[k ?n?f ?:m] vt .证实，证明；肯定，确认使巩固，加强批准；认可eliminate [i ?limineit] vt . 消除，排除忽略淘汰〈口〉干掉hierarchy [ ?hai ?r a ki] n.等级制度统治集团，领导层paradigm [?p?r?daim] n.（一词的）词形变化表范例；样式；模范somewhat[?s?mhw? t] adv. 稍微，有点，达到某种程度voluntary [ ?v? l ?nt ?ri] adj . 自愿的，志愿的义务的，无偿的Sublist 8abandon[ ??b?nd?n] n. 放任；纵情vt. 离弃，丢弃遗弃，抛弃放弃clarify [ ?kl?rifai ] vt . & vi . 使清楚；澄清deviate [ ?di:vieit] vi . 偏离；越轨induce [in ?dju:s] vt . 引诱, 劝导〈正〉引起, 导致plus [pl ?s] adj. 正的比所示数量多的附加的, 称心的, 有利的n. 加号, 正号prep .（表示包容）外加; 另有（表示运算）加, 加上（表示数目）在零（度）以上, 正tense [tens] adj .拉紧的肌肉绷紧的神经紧张的n. 〈语〉（动词的）时态vt.（使某人或某物）变得紧张accompany[ ??k?mp?ni] vt.陪伴,陪同伴随…同时发生伴奏commodity[k ??m? diti] n. 商品, 货物有用的东西displace [dis ?pleis] vt. 替换, 取代移走inevitable [in ?evit ?bl] adj . 不可避免的, 必然发生的〈非正〉总会发生的, 照例必有的, 惯常的practitioner [ pr?k?ti ? ?n?] n. 习艺者, 实习者从业者（尤指医师）terminate [ ?t ?:mineit] vt . & vi . 结束; 使终结accumulate [??kju:mjuleit] vt . & vi . 堆积; 积累complement[?k? mplim ?nt] n.补充,互为补充的东西需要的或允许的数额补足语vt .补足,补充drama[?dr a m?] n.戏剧，剧本戏剧文学[艺术]戏剧性事件[场面] infrastructure[ ?infr ??str ?kt ? ?] n. 基础设施; 基础结构predominant [pri ?d? min?nt] adj. 占主导地位的, 显著的theme[ 0 i:m] n.主题，主旨，题目ambiguous[ ?m?bi g u ?s] adj.引起歧义的；模棱两可的，含糊不清的conform [k ?n?f ? :m] vi .遵守，符合顺应，一致eventual [i ?ventju ?l] adj.（事件）最终发生的；结果的inspect [in ?spekt] vt . 检查，检验视察prospect [?pr? spekt] n. 景象，景色前景；前途可能成为主顾的人；有希望的候选人vi .勘探；勘察thereby [ ?e? ?bai] adv. 由此；因而append[??pend] vt . 附加contemporary [k ?n?temp?r?ri] adj. 当代的同时代的，同属一个时期的n. 同代人，同龄人exhibit [i g?zibit] n.展览品，陈列品在法庭提出的证物vt .显示，显出vt . & vi .陈列；展览intense [in ?tens] adj . 强烈的，剧烈的；极端的热情的，热切的紧张的，认真的radical [ ?r?dik ?l] adj . 根本的，基本的；彻底的，完全的激进的，激进派的uniform[ ?ju:nif ? :m] adj. 全都相同的，一律的，清一色的n. 制服appreciate [ ??pri: ? ieit] vt.感激，感谢欣赏，赏识，重视意识到，体会vt. & vi .（使）增值，涨价contradict [?k? ntr ??dikt] vt.与…发生矛盾，与…抵触vt. & vi .反驳，否认…的真实性exploit [iks ?pl ? it] n. 业绩，功绩，功勋，事迹vt. 开采；开发剥削manipulate [m??nipjuleit]vt .熟练控制[操作] random[?r?nd?m] adj . 任意的；无计划的（统计）随机的vehicle [ ?vi: ?。
雅思AWL词汇表,最全版
1An Introduction to the Academic Word ListAveril Coxhead, Massey University, New ZealandThe Academic Word List (AWL) is a list of 570 word families that are commonly found in academic texts. This list was selected by examining a large corpus (or collection) of written academic texts and selecting the words that occurred:1 In texts from all four academic facultysections: Arts, Commerce, Law and Science. 2 Over 100 times in the corpus overall.3 At least 10 times in each academicfaculty section.4 Outside the 2000 most frequent wordson Michael West’s General Service List(GSL). The GSL includes everyday wordssuch as I, house and do.These principles ensured that only words that occurred reasonably frequently in a variety of study areas were selected.The AWL targets vocabulary that occurs most often in written academic texts. These words also occur in newspapers but not as often as they do in textbooks. The AWL words appear even less in fiction. If your focus is learning academic vocabulary, you need to make sure you read academic textbooks so that you encounter these words in context.The AWL is organized into Word Families. Word families are made up of the ‘parent word’ and ‘family members’. Take for example the word maximise. Its family members include inflections of the verb such as maximised,maximises and maximising as well as the noun maximum. The word family also includes the British spelling of the noun maximisation, as well as maximization, the US spelling.If you learn the verb maximise, you will be able to recognise other family members such as maximised when you encounter them in your reading. These words are closely related and the meaning is likely to be the same or similar. When you are looking for words in this dictionary, think about other word family members too. Finally, there are some academic words thatdo not have a word family. These words occur on their own and do not have any inflections. Examples include nonetheless,so-called and behalf.The AWL is intended as a reference for students who are studying or preparing to study at a tertiary level in English. As a university lecturer, I was aware of the difficulties that students had in mastering the vocabulary necessary for written assignments. The AWL does not include ‘content’ vocabulary for particular subjects which students obviously need to learn as well. The AWL focuses instead on the non-subject-specific vocabulary that students of any discipline will need to master in order to produce coherently-structured written assignments.The AWL covers up to 10% of the vocabulary covered in written academic texts. This means that, on average, one word in 10 in an academic textbook is in the AWL. Look at the following extract from an academic text:EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Environmental issues are truly global. Many of the problems, like the releasingof CFCs into the atmosphere, have global effects and require global action. Some problems link to the exploitation of global commons – the resources shared by the international community suchas ocean beds and the atmosphere. Sometimes small local problems, suchas poisonous gases leaking from landfills and water pollution, are multiplied so many times in any local contexts thatthey become major world hazards. The environment is a global concern requiring global policies.Academic Word ListAcademic Word List2The highlighted words are all on the AWL.This sample illustrates clearly that the AWLcan help with decisions about which words are important for you to learn if you are studying in an English-speaking country.Knowledge of academic vocabulary is vital for students studying at an English-speaking university, particularly for reading and writing.If you compare estimates of how many words a native English speaker might know by the age of 18 (approximately 18,000 to 20,000 words) and how many a learner who has had two or three hours of schooling in English overseveral years (roughly 2000 to 3000 words depending on the language background of the student), this gap is enormous. In order to read and write successfully you need to be able to recognize as many words as possible in your textbooks and use as many as possible in your essays. The bigger your vocabulary, the more you will be able to cope with the high reading and writing demands of your studies.Academic writing tends to be quite formal in style. The vocabulary items that you use in your writing can affect the level of formality. Writers need to know whether a word can be used in a particular situation. T ake for example consequent. This is marked as formal. You would probablynot choose to use this word when speaking with friends but you should use it in written English to take your language to a higher level of formality. The AWL will help you to focus on issues of formality. Look out for the formal label in this dictionary.Remember that the AWL covers approximately 10% of all vocabulary in a piece of academic writing. You should aim to have roughly the same percentage in your own academic writing too. If you go to the AWL highlighter websiteby Sandra Haywood (http://www.nottingham. /~alzsh3/acvocab/awlhighlighter.html) you can copy and paste your text into it and it will highlight the AWL words for you. This will enable you to see how many AWL words you are using overall and whether you repeat the same words many times in your writing.When looking up words from the AWL in this dictionary you should also focus on the bold phrases that are highlighted. These show you the key grammatical patterns and collocations for that word. Collocations are words that commonly occur together or near each other in a text, for example ‘effect on’. Collocations and phrases are important because they help with fluencyin writing and indicate that you are working at a higher level with academic vocabulary than just using a word from your own language and its translation. The collocations in the following text have been highlighted in blue.DECLINING BIODIVERSITYWhatever the effects on this planet’s climate, rain-forest clearance has another undeniable impact. The disappearance of rain forests is a major factor eroding the earth’s biodiversity, or, more simply causing many thousands of species of plant and animal life to disappear forever. While rain forests account for just seven percent of the earth’s surface, they are home to almost half of this planet’s living species. Estimatesof the total number of species of animalsand plants range from 1.5 million to as high as 30 million. Researchers, in fact, have identified more than 1,000 species of ants alone (Wilson, 1991).Remember that building your vocabulary takes time. You are not likely to learn everything you need to know about a word the very first time you see it. And don’t expect to remember everything about a word after looking it up in a dictionary once. Try some of these ideas to help you with vocabulary building:• Make the most of the information given in this dictionary to build up your knowledge of a word. Look at the bold phrases highlighted in the entry. These show important grammatical patterns and collocations. Learn these rather than the word in isolation.• Even if you think you already ‘know’ a word, look it up in the dictionary to see if there is any additional information that you don’t know.• Research has shown that repetition helps people to remember things. Make sure you build repetition into your learning. You could do this through using word cards to test yourself or by keeping a vocabulary notebook.Academic Word List3• Studying words ‘actively’ will help yourlearning. People do learn words through reading but the chances of remembering vocabulary is higher when you focus on the words and make a conscious effort to learn them.• Look out for common collocations, phrases and grammatical patterns of words when you are reading academic texts.• Work with the AWL alongside you when you are writing. Try to use words from the list that are relevant to your writing. The words on the AWL are marked with in this dictionary.The AWL does not include the 2000 most frequent words used in general everyday English. In this dictionary, however, the 3000 most frequent words in written English are also marked with 12and 3and the 3000 most frequent words in spoken English are marked with and .In some cases, these overlap with the AWL.Averil Coxhead is a lecturer in English for Academic Purposesat Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Shecompiled the AWL in 2000. For further information on the AWL go to Averil’s website at /staff/awl/index.shtml.Acknowledgement: Extracts on the subject of European environmental policy and declining biodiversity are reproduced with permission from Sociology:A Global Introduction, third edition, by John J. Macionis and Ken Plummer,©Pearson Education Limited 2005.abandon1v abandoned adj abnormal adj abstract1adj abstract2n abstract3v abstraction n academic1adj academic2n academy n access1n access2v accessible adj accommodate v accommodation n accompaniment n accompany v accumulate v accuracy n accurate adj achieve v achievement n acknowledge v acknowledgement n acquire v acquisition n adapt v adaptable adj adaptation n adequate adj adjacent adjadjust vadjustment nadministration nadministrative adjadult1nadult2adjadvocacy nadvocate1vadvocate2 naffect vaggregate1 naggregate2 adjaggregate3 vaid1 naid2 valbeit conjallocate vallocation nalter valteration nalternate1 adjalternate2 valternative1 adjalternative2 nambiguity nambiguous adjamend vamendment nanalogous adjanalogy nanalyse vanalysis nanalyst nanalytical adjanalyze vannual1 adjanticipate vanticipation napparent adjappend vappendix nappreciable adjappreciate vappreciation napproach1 vapproach2 nappropriate1 adjapproximate1 adjapproximate2 vapproximation narbitrary adjarea naspect nassemble vassembly nassess vassessment nassign vassignment nassist1 vassistance nassume vassuming conjassumption nassurance nassure vattach vattachment nattain vattainment nattitude nattributable adjattribute1 vattribute2 nauthor1 nauthor2 vauthoritative adjauthority nauthorship nautomate vautomated adjautomatic1 adjautomatically advautomation navailable adjaware adjawareness nAcademic Word ListThe following is a list of the words from the Academic Word List that are highlighted in this dictionary. Words shown in bold are one of the ‘parent words’.Academic Word List4behalf n beneficial adj beneficiary n benefit1 n benefit2 vbias1 nbias2 vbiased adjbond1 nbond2 v brevity nbrief1 adjbrief2 nbrief3 v briefing n briefly advbulk1 nbulky adjcapability n capable adj capacity n category n cease1 v challenge1 n challenge2 v challenging adj channel1 n channel2 v chapter nchart1 nchart2 v chemical1 n chemical2 adj circumstance n citation ncite vcivil adj clarification n clarify vclarity n classic1 adj classic2 n classical adj clause ncode1 ncode2 vcoded adj coding n coherence n coherent adj coincide v coincidence n coincident adj coincidental adj collapse1 v collapse2 n colleague n commence v commencement n comment1 ncomment2 vcommentary ncommentator ncommission1 ncommission2 vcommit vcommitment ncommitted adjcommodity ncommunicable adjcommunicate vcommunication ncommunicative adjcommunity ncompatibility ncompatible1 adjcompensate vcompensation ncompensatory adjcompilation ncompile vcomplement1 ncomplement2 vcomplementary adjcomplex1 adjcomplex2 ncomplexity ncomponent1 ncomponent2 adjcompound1 ncompound2 vcompound3 adjcomprehensive adjcomprise vcomputation ncompute vcomputer ncomputing nconceivable adjconceive vconcentrate1 vconcentration nconcept nconception nconceptual adjconclude vconcluding adjconclusion nconclusive adjconcurrent adjconduct1 vconduct2 nconfer vconference nconfine vconfined adjconfirm vconfirmation nconflict1 nconflict2 vconform vconformation nconformist adjconformity nconsensus nconsent1 nconsent2 vconsequence nconsequent adjconsequently advconsiderable adjconsiderably advconsist vconsistency nconsistent adjconstancy nconstant1 adjconstant2 nconstantly advconstituency nconstituent1 nconstituent2 adjconstitute vconstitution nconstitutional1 adjconstrain vconstrained adjconstraint nconstruct1 vconstruct2 nconstruction nconstructive adjconsult vconsultancy nconsultant nconsultation nconsultative adjconsume vconsumer nconsumption ncontact1 ncontact2 vcontact3 adjcontemporary1 adjcontemporary2 ncontext ncontextual adjcontextualize vcontract1 ncontract2 vcontractor ncontradict vcontradiction ncontradictory adjcontrary1 ncontrary2 adjcontrast1 ncontrast2 vcontrasting adjcontribute vcontribution ncontributor ncontroversial adjcontroversy nconvene vconvention nconventional adjconverse3 adjconversely advconversion nconvert1 vconvertible 1 adjconvince vconvinced adjconvincing adjcooperate vcooperation ncooperative1 adjcoordinate1 vcoordinate2 ncoordinate3 adjcoordination ncoordinator ncore1 ncore2 adjcore3 vcorporate adjcorporation ncorrespond vcorrespondence ncorresponding adjcouple1 ncouple2 vcreate vcreation ncreative1 adjcreativity ncreator ncredit1 ncredit2 vcreditor ncriterion ncrucial adjcultural adjculturally advculture1 ncurrency ncycle1 ncycle2 vcyclic adjdata ndebatable adjdebate1 ndebate2 vdecade ndecline1 ndecline2 vdeduce vAcademic Word List 5deduction n define vdefinite adj definitely adv definition n definitive adj demonstrable adj demonstrate v demonstration n demonstrative adj demonstrator n denial ndenote vdeny vdepress v depression n derivation n derivative1 n derivative2 adj derive vdesign1 ndesign2 v designer1 n despite prep detect v detection n detective n detector n deviate1 v deviation n device ndevote v devoted adj devotion n differentiate v dimension n diminish v diminution n discrete adj discretion n discretionary adj discriminate v discrimination n disestablish v displace v displacement n display1 n display2 v disposable adj disposal n dispose v disproportion n disproportionate adj dissimilar adj distinct adj distinction n distinctive adj distinctly adv distort v distribute v distribution ndistributive adjdiverse adjdiversify vdiversity ndocument1 ndocument2 vdocumentation ndomain ndomestic1 adjdomesticate vdomesticated adjdominance ndominant1 adjdominate vdraft1 ndraft2 vdraft3 adjdrama ndramatic adjdramatist ndramatize vduration ndynamic1 adjdynamic2 neconomic adjeconomical adjeconomically adveconomics neconomist neconomy1 nedit vedition neditor neditorial1 adjeditorial2 nelement neliminate velimination nemerge vemergence nemergent adjemerging adjemphasis nemphasize vemphatic adjempirical adjempiricism nenable venabling adjencounter1 vencounter2 nenergetic adjenergy nenforce venforced adjenforcement nenhance venhanced adjenormity nenormous adjenormously advensure ventity nenvironment nenvironmental adjenvironmentalist nequate vequation nequip vequipment nequivalent1 adjequivalent2 nerode verosion nerroneous adjerror nestablish vestablished adjestablishment nestate nestimate1 nestimate2 vestimation nethic nethical adjethnic1 adjethnic2 nevaluate vevaluation neventual adjeventuality neventually advevidence1 nevident adjevidential adjevidently advevolution nevolutionary adjevolve vexceed vexclude vexcluding prepexclusion nexclusive1 adjexclusively advexhibit1 vexhibit2 nexhibition nexpand vexpansion nexpansionism nexpansive adjexpert1 nexpert2 adjexpertise nexplicit adjexploit1 vexploitation nexport1 nexport2 vexporter nexpose vexposed adjexposure nexternal adjexternalize vextract1 vextract2 nextraction nfacilitate vfacilitator nfacility nfactor1 nfactor2 vfeature1 nfeature2 vfederal adjfederation nfee nfile1 nfile2 vfiling nfinal1 adjfinal2 nfinality nfinalize vfinally advfinance1 nfinance2 vfinancial adjfinancier nfinite adjflexibility nflexible adjfluctuate vfluctuation nfocus1 vfocus2 nfocussed adjformat1 nformat2 vformula nformulate vforthcoming adjfound2 vfoundation nfounder1 nfounding nframework nfunction1 nfunction2 vfunctional adjfund1 nfund2 vfundamental adjfundamentally advfunding nAcademic Word List6furthermore advgender n generate v generation n globalization n globe ngoal ngrade1 n grade2 v graded adj grant1 vgrant2 n guarantee1 v guarantee2 n guideline nhence adv hierarchical adj hierarchy n highlight1 v hypothesis n hypothesize v hypothetical adj identical adj identifiable adj identification n identify v identity n ideological adj ideology n ignorance n ignorant adj ignore v illegal1 adj illogical adj illustrate v illustration n illustrative adj image n imagery n immature adj immigrant n immigrate v immigration n impact1 n impact2 v implement1 v implement2 n implicate v implication n implicit adj imply v impose v imposition n imprecise adj inaccessible adj inaccuracy n inaccurate adj inadequacy ninadequate adjinappropriate adjincapable adjincapacitate vincentive nincidence nincident nincidentally advinclination nincline1 vincline2 nincoherent adjincome nincompatible adjinconceivable adjinconclusive adjinconsistency ninconsistent adjincorporate vincorporated adjindefinite adjindefinitely advindex1 nindex2 vindicate vindication nindicative1 nindicative2 adjindicator nindiscretion nindistinct adjindividual1 adjindividual2 nindividualism nindividualist nindividuality nindividually advinduce vinduction ninevitability ninevitable adjinevitably advinfer vinference ninfinite adjinfinitely advinflexible adjinfrastructure ninherent adjinhibit vinhibition ninitial1 adjinitially advinitiate1 vinitiation ninitiative ninitiator ninjure vinjured adjinjury ninnovate vinnovation ninnovative adjinnovator ninput1 ninput2 vinsecure adjinsert1 vinsertion ninsight ninsightful adjinsignificant adjinspect vinspection ninspector ninstability ninstance1 ninstance2 vinstitute1 ninstitute2 vinstitution ninstitutional adjinstitutionalized adjinstruct vinstruction ninstructive adjinstructor ninsufficient adjintegral adjintegrate vintegrated adjintegration nintegrity nintelligence nintelligent adjintense adjintensify vintensity nintensive adjinteract vinteraction ninteractive adjintermediate1 adjinternal adjinternalize vinterpret vinterpretation ninterpretative adjinterpretive adjinterval nintervene vintervening adjintervention nintrinsic adjinvalidate vinvalidity ninvariable adjinvariably advinvest vinvestigate vinvestigation ninvestigative adjinvestigator ninvestment ninvestor ninvisible adjinvoke vinvolve vinvolvement nirrational adjirrelevance nirrelevant adjirreversible adjisolate visolated adjisolation nisolationism nissue1 nissue2 vitem njob njournal njustifiable adjjustification njustified adjjustify vlabel1 nlabel2 vlabor nlabored adjlabour1 nlabour2 vlaboured adjlayer1 nlayer2 vlecture1 nlecture2 vlecturer nlegal adjlegality nlegally advlegislate vlegislation nlegislative adjlegislator nlegislature nlevy1 vlevy2 nliberal1 adjliberal2 nliberalism nliberalize vliberally advliberate vliberated adjlicence nlicense vAcademic Word List 7licensed adj likewise adv link1 vlink2 n linkage n locate v location n logic n logical adj logician n maintain v maintenance n major1 adj majority n manipulate v manipulative adj manual1 adj manual2 n margin n marginal adj marginally adv maturation n mature1 adj mature2 v maturity n maximize v maximum1 adj maximum2 n mechanism n media n mediate v medical1 adj medium1 adj medium2 n mental adj mentality n method n methodical adj methodology n migrant n migrate v migration n migratory adj military1 adj military2 n minimal adj minimize v minimum1 adj minimum2 n ministerial adj ministry n minor1 adj minority n misinterpret v mode n modification n modify v monitor1 v motivated adj motivation nmotive1 nmotive2 adjmutual adjmutually advnegate vnegative1 adjnegative2 nnetwork1 nnetwork2 vnetworking nneutral1 adjneutrality nneutralize vnevertheless advnonconformist nnonetheless advnorm nnormal1 adjnormal2 nnormality nnormalize vnormally advnotion nnotwithstanding prepnuclear adjobjective1 nobjective2 adjobjectively advobtain vobtainable adjobvious adjobviously advoccupancy noccupant noccupation noccupational adjoccupier noccupy voccur voccurrence nodd adjodds noffset1 vongoing adjoption noptional adjorient1 vorientate vorientated adjorientation noriented adjoutcome noutput1 noutput2 voverall1 adjoverall2 advoverestimate1 voverestimate2 noverlap1 voverlap2 noverseas1 advoverseas2 adjpanel nparadigm nparagraph nparallel1 nparallel2 adjparallel3 vparameter nparticipant nparticipate vparticipation nparticipatory adjpartner1 npartnership npassive1 adjpassive2 nperceive vpercent1 adjpercent2 npercentage nperception nperiod1 nperiodic adjperiodical npersist vpersistence npersistent adjperspective nphase1 nphase2 vphenomenal adjphenomenon nphilosopher nphilosophical adjphilosophize vphilosophy nphysical1 adjphysically advplus1 prepplus2 nplus3 adjpolicy nportion1 npose1 vpose2 npositive1 adjpositively advpotential1 adjpotential2 npotentially advpractitioner nprecede vprecedence nprecedent npreceding adjprecise adjprecisely advprecision1 nprecision2 adjpredict vpredictable adjprediction npredominance npredominant adjpredominantly advpredominate vpreliminary1 adjpreliminary2 npresumably advpresume vpresumption nprevious adjpreviously advprimacy nprimarily advprimary1 adjprime1 adjprincipal1 adjprincipally advprinciple nprincipled adjprior1 adjprioritize vpriority1 nprocedural adjprocedure nproceed vproceeding nproceeds nprocess1 nprocess2 vprocessed adjprofessional1 adjprofessional2 nprofessionalism nprofessionally advprohibit vprohibition nprohibitive adjproject1 nproject2 vprojection npromote vpromoter npromotion nproportion1 nproportional adjproportionate adjprospect1 nprospective adjprotocol npsychological adjpsychologist npsychology npublication nAcademic Word List8publish v publisher n publishing n purchase1 v purchase2 n pursue v pursuit n qualitative adj quotation n quote1 v quote2 n radical1 adj radical2 n random adj range1 n range2 vratio n rational adj rationalism n rationalize v react v reaction n reactionary1 adj reactionary2 n reactivate v reactive adj reactor n readjust v reassess v reconstruct v reconstruction n recover v recovery n recreate v redistribute v redistribution n refine v refined adj refinement n regime n region n regional adj register1 n register2 v registration n regulate v regulation 1 n regulator n regulatory adj reinforce v reinforcement n reinvest v reject1 v rejection n relax v relaxation n release1 v release2 n relevant adjreliable adjreliance nreliant adjrelocate vreluctance nreluctant adjrely vremovable adjremoval nremove1 vremove2 nrequire vrequirement nreschedule vresearch1 nresearch2 vreside vresidence nresident1 nresident2 adjresidential adjresolution nresolve1 vresolve2 nresource1 nresource2 vresourceful adjrespond vrespondent nresponse nresponsive adjrestoration nrestore vrestored adjrestrain vrestraint nrestrict vrestricted adjrestriction nrestrictive adjrestructure vretain vretainer nretention nretentive adjreveal vrevealing adjrevelation nrevenue nreversal nreverse1 vreverse2 nreverse3 adjreversible adjrevise vrevision nrevolution nrevolutionary1 adjrevolutionary2 nrevolutionize vrigid adjrole nroute1 nroute2 vscenario nschedule1 nschedule2 vschematic adjscheme1 nscheme2 vscope1 nsection1 nsection2 vsector nsecure1 adjsecure2 vsecurely advsecurity nseek vselect1 vselect2 adjselection nselective adjselector nsequence nsequencing nsequential adjseries nsex1 nsexism nsexual adjsexuality nshift1 vshift2 nsignificant adjsignificantly advsignify vsimilar adjsimilarity nsimilarly advsimulate vsimulated adjsimulation nsite1 nsole1 adjsolely advsomewhat advsource1 nsource2 vspecific1 adjspecific2 nspecifically advspecification nspecify vsphere nspherical adjstability nstabilize vstable1 adjstatistic nstatistician nstatus nstraightforward adjstrategic adjstrategist nstrategy nstress1 nstress2 vstressed adjstressful adjstructural adjstructure1 nstructure2 vstructured adjstyle1 nstyle2 vstyling nstylish adjstylized adjsubmission nsubmit vsubordinate1 adjsubordinate2 nsubordinate3 vsubsequent adjsubsequently advsubsidiary2 adjsubsidize vsubsidy nsubstitute1 nsubstitute2 vsubstitution nsuccession nsuccessive adjsuccessor nsufficiency nsufficient adjsum1 nsum2 vsummarize vsummary1 nsummary2 adjsummation nsupplement1 nsupplement2 vsupplementary adjsurvey1 nsurvey2 vsurvival nsurvive vsurvivor nsuspend vsuspension nsustain vsustainable adjsustained adjsustenance nsymbol n。
AWL(academic-word-list)学术词汇表—雅思-托福
IELTS,TOEFL 考试必备之AWLIntroductionTheAcademicWordListwasdevelopedbPAverilCoGheadasherMAthesisattheSchoolofLin guist icsan dAppliedLa nguageStudiesatVictoriaU niversitPofWelli ngt on ,NewZeala nd.Thelistc on tai n s570wordfamilieswhichwereselectedaccordi ngtopri nciplesoutlinedbelow.Thelistdoes noti nclu dewordsthatarei nthemostfreque nt20PPwordsofEnglish.TheAWLwasprimarilPmadesothatitco uldbeusedbPteachersaspartofaprogrammeprepari nglearnersfortertiarPlevelstudPorusedbPstud en tsworki ngalo netolearnthewordsmost neededtostudPattertiarPi nstitutio ns.TheAcademicWord ListreplacestheU ni versitPWordList.SublistsoftheAcademicWordListEachwordi nitalicsisthemostfreque ntIPoccurri ngmemberofthewordfamilPi ntheAcademicCorp us.ForeGamplea nalPsisisthemostcom mon formofthewordfamilPanalPse.Britisha ndAmerica n spelli ngisi ncludedi nthewordfamilies.socon teGtualisea ndcon teGtualizearebothi ncludedi nthefa milPco nteGtSublist1co ntai nsthemostcom mon wordsi ntheAWL.Sublist2c on tai nsthe neGtmostcom mon word s,an dso on .Thereare60familiesi neachsublist,eGceptforsublist10whichhas30. Sublist1oftheAcademicWordListan alPsean alPsed an alPser an alPsers an alPses an alPs ing an alPsis an alPst an alPsts an alPtic an alPtical an alPticallP an alPze an alPzed an alPzes an alPz ing approachapproachable approached approaches approachi ng un approachable areaareas assessassessableassessedassesses assessing assessme ntassessme ntsreassessreassessedreassess ingreassessme ntunassessedassume assumedassumes assuming assumpti onassumpti onsauthoritPauthoritativeauthoritiesavailableavailabilitP unavailable ben efitben eficialben eficiarP beneficiaries ben efitedben efiti ng ben efitscon ceptcon cepti oncon cepts conceptualcon ceptualisation con ceptualise conceptualised conceptualises conceptualis ing conceptuallP con sistcon sisted consiste ncP consiste ntcon siste ntIP creativitP econo micallP con sist ing creator econo micscon sists creators econo miesincon siste ncies recreate econo mistincon siste ncP recreated econo mistsincon siste nt recreates unecono mical con stitute recreat ing en vir onment con stitue ncies data en vir onmen tal con stitue ncP defi ne en viro nmen con stitue nt defi nable en viro nmen con stitue nts defi ned en vir onmen con stituted defi nes en vir onments con stitutes defi ning establishcon stitut ing defi niti on disestablish con stituti on defi niti ons disestablished con stituti ons redefi ne disestablishes con stituti onal redefi ned disestablishi ng con stitutio nallP redefi nes disestablishme con stitutive redefi ning establisheduncon stituti onal un defi ned establishescon teGt derive establishi ng con teGts derivati on establishme nt con teGtual derivati ons establishme nts con teGtualise derivative estimatecon teGtualised derivatives estimatedcon teGtualisi ng derived estimatesuncon teGtualised derives estimat ingcon teGtualize deriv ing estimati oncon teGtualized distribute estimati ons con teGtualizi ng distributed over-estimate uncon teGtualized distribut ing overestimate con tract distributio n overestimated con tracted distributio nal overestimates con tract ing distributio ns overestimati ng con tractor distributive un derestimate con tractors distributor un derestimated con tracts distributors un derestimates create redistribute un derestimat created redistributed evide ntcreates redistributes evide needcreat ing redistributi ng evide neecreati on redistributio n evide ntialcreati ons economP evide ntIPcreative econo mic eGportcreativelP econo mical eGportedeGporter in comes issueeGporters in dicate issuedeGport ing in dicated issueseGports in dicates issui ng factor in dicat ing labour factored in dicati on laborfactori ng in dicatio ns laboredfactors in dicative labors finance in dicator laboured finan ced in dicators labouri ng finan ces in dividual laboursfinan cial in dividualised legalfinan ciallP in dividualitP illegalfinan cier in dividualism illegalitP finan ciers in dividualist illegallPfinancing in dividualists legalitP formula in dividualistic legallP formulae in dividuallP legislateformulas in dividuals legislated formulate in terpret legislates formulated in terpretatio n legislati ng formulati ng in terpretatio ns legislatio n formulatio n in terpretative legislative formulati ons in terpreted legislator reformulate in terpret ing legislators reformulated in terpretive legislature reformulati ng in terprets majorreformulati on misi nterpret majorities reformulatio ns misi nterpretati on majoritPfun cti on misi nterpretati ons method fun cti onal misi nterpreted methodical fun ctio nallP misin terpret ing methodologica fun cti oned misi nterprets methodologies fun cti oning rein terpret methodologP fun cti ons rein terpreted methodside ntifP rein terprets occur ide ntifiable rei nterpret ing occurredide ntificati on rei nterpretatio n occurre nee ide ntified rei nterpretati ons occurre nces ide ntifies invo Ive occurri ng ide ntifP ing invo Ived occurside ntities invo Iveme nt reoccuride ntitP invo Ives reoccurred uniden tifiable inv olvi ng reoccurri ng in come uninvo Ived reoccursperce ntperce ntage perce ntages periodperiodic periodical periodicals periodicals periods policPpolicies prin cipleprin cipled prin ciples unprin cipled proceed procedural procedure procedures proceeded proceedi ng proceedi ngs proceeds process processed processes process ing requirerequired requireme nt requireme nts requires requiri ng researchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearch ing resp ondresp on dedresp ondent resp ondents resp onding responds resp onse respon ses resp on siveresp on sive ness unresp on sive roleroles sect ionsect ionedsect ioningsect ionssectorsectors significa ntin sig nificant in sig nificantIP sig ni fica neesig ni fica ntlP signi fied sig ni fiessig nifP sig nifPing similardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritPsimilarlP sourcesourcedsources sourcing specificspecificallPspecificati onspecificationsspecificitPspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuri ngstructuralstructurallPstructuredstructuresstructuri ngunstructuredtheorPtheoreticaltheoreticallP theoriestheoristtheoristsvarP invariable invariablPvariabilitPvariablevariablesvariablPvaria neevaria ntvaria ntsvariati onvariati onsvariedvaries varPingachiev ing acquireacquired acquires acquiri ng acquisiti on acquisiti ons admi ni strateadmi nistrates admi nistrati on admi nistrati ons admi nistrative admi nistrativelP admi nistrator admi nistrators affectaffectedaffecti ng affective affectivelPaffects un affected appropriate appropriacP appropriatelP appropriate ness in appropriacP in appropriate in appropriatelP aspectaspects assistassista neeassista ntassista ntsassistedassisti ngassistsun assistedcategorPcategoriescategorisati oncategorisecategorisedcategorisescategoris ingcategorizati oncategorizedcategorizescategoriz ingchapterchapterscommissi oncommissi onedcommissi onercommissi onerscommissi oningcommissi ons communitPcom mun itiescompleGcompleGitiescompleGitP computecomputati oncomputati onalcomputati onscomputablecomputer computedcomputerisedcomputers computing con cludecon cluded concludes concludi ng conclusi on conclusi ons conclusive conclusivelPincon clusiveinconclusivelP con ductcon ducted conduct ing con ductscon seque ntconsequeneeconsequences conseque ntIP constructcon structedcon struct ing construct ion construct ions constructive constructs rec onstruct reconstructed reconstructi ng reconstructio n reconstructs con sumecon sumedcon sumer consumers con sumesconsuming consumpti on creditcreditedcredit ing creditorcreditors creditscultureculturalculturallPcultured culturesun cultured desig ndesig ned designer desig nersSublist2oftheAcademicWordList achieveachievable achievedachieveme nt achieveme ntsachievesdesig ning fin als inv estor desig ns focus inv estors dist inct focused inv ests disti nctio n focuses reinv est disti nctio ns focus ing reinv ested disti nctive focussed reinv est ing disti nctivelP focuss ing reinv estme dist in ctlP refocus rei nv ests in disti net refocused itemin disti nctlP refocuses itemisati on eleme nt refocus ing itemise eleme nts refocussed itemised equate refocusses itemises equated refocuss ing itemisi ng equates impact itemsequati ng impacted journalequati on impacti ng journalsequati ons impacts main tai n evaluate injure main tai ned evaluated injured mai ntai ning evaluates injures main tai ns evaluat ing injuries maintenance evaluati on injuri ng no rmalevaluati ons injurP abno rmal evaluative uni njured abno rmallP re-evaluate in stitute no rmalisati re-evaluated in stituted no rmalise re-evaluates in stitutes no rmalised re-evaluat ing in stituti ng no rmalises re-evaluati on in stitutio n no rmalisi ng feature in stituti onal no rmalizati featured in stitutio nalise no rmalize features in stitutio nalised no rmalized featuri ng in stitutio nalises no rmalizes final in stitutio nalis ing no rmalizi ng fin alise in stitutio nalized no rmalitP fin alised in stitutio nalizes no rmallP fin alises in stitutio naliz ing obtai nfin alisi ng in stitutio nallP obta in able fin alize in stituti ons obta ined fin alized inv est obta ining fin alizes inv ested obta insfin alizi ng inv esti ng un obta inable fin alitP inv estme nt participatefin allP inv estme nts participa ntregulators regulatorP un regulated releva nt irreleva nee irreleva nt releva nee resideresided reside nee reside nt reside ntial reside nts resides residi ng resourceresourced resourceful resources resourci ng un resourceful un der-resourced restrictrestricted restricti ng restrictio n restrictio ns restrictive restrictivelP restricts un restricted un restrictive secure in securein securities in securitP secured securelP secures securi ngsecurities securitP seekseek ingseekssought select selected select ing selecti on selecti ons selective selectivelP selector selectors selectssite sites strategP strategic strategies strategicallP strategist strategists surveP survePed surveP ing survePs teGt teGts teGtualtraditi onnon-traditional traditional traditi onalist traditionallP traditionstran sfertran sferabletran sfere neetran sferredtran sferri ngtran sfersparticipa nts participated participates participat ing participati on participatorP perceiveperceived perceives percei ving perceptio n perceptio ns positivepositivelP pote ntialpote ntiallP previouspreviouslP primarPprimarilP purchasepurchased purchaser purchasers purchases purchas ing rangeran ged ran ges ranging regi onregi onal regio nallP regi ons regulate deregulated deregulates deregulat ing deregulati on regulated regulates regulat ing regulati on regulatio ns regulatorcon tributed con tributes con tribut ing con tributi on con tributio ns con tributor con tributors conveneconven ti on convenes convened convening conventio nal conven ti on allP conven tio ns unconven ti onal coord in atecoord in ated coord in ates coord in at ing coord in ati on coord in ator coord in atorsco-ord in ate co-ord in ated co-ord in ates co-ord in at ing co-ord in ati on co-ord in atorco-ordi nators core cores cori ng cored corporatecorporates corporati on corporati ons corresp ondcorresp on dedcorresp ondencecorresp ondingcorresp ondinglP corresponds criteriacriteri ondeduce deduceddeduces deduci ng deduct ion deduct ions dem on strate dem on strable dem on strablP dem on strated dem on strates dem on strat ing dem on strati on dem on strati ons dem on strative dem on strativelP dem on strator dem on strators docume nt docume ntati on docume nted docume nting docume nts domin ate dominance dominant domin ated domin ates domin at ing domin ati on emphasis emphasise emphasised emphasis ing emphasize emphasized emphasizes emphasiz ing emphatic emphaticallP en sure en suredSublist3ofAcademicWordList alter nativealter nativelPalter natives circumsta neecircumsta nces comme ntcomme ntariescomme ntarPcomme ntatorcomme ntatorscomme ntedcomme ntingcomme ntscompe nsatecompe nsatedcompe nsatescompe nsat ingcompe nsati oncompe nsati onscompe nsatorP comp onentcomp onentrPcomp onents consentconsensusconsen tedconsenting consents con siderablecon siderablPcon sta ntcon sta ncPcon sta ntIPcon sta ntsincon sta ncPincon sta ntIP con straincon stra inedcon strai ningcon stra inscon stra intcon strai ntsuncon stra ined con tributeen sures in teractio n maGimumen suri ng in teract ions minoreGclude in teractive mino rities eGcluded in teractivelP minoritPeGcludes in teracts minorseGcludi ng justifP n egateeGclusio n justifiable n egativeeGclusio narP justifiablP n egatedeGclusio nist justificati on n egateseGclusi ons justificati ons n egati ngeGclusive justified n egativelPeGclusivelP justifies n egatives framework justifP ing outcome frameworks un justified outcomesfund laPer part ner fun ded laPered part nersfun der laPeri ng part nership fun ders laPers part nerships funding li nk philosophPfun ds li nkage philosopher illustrate lin kages philosophers illustrated lin ked philosophical illustrates lin ki ng philosophicallP illustrati ng links philosophies illustrati on locate philosophise illustrati ons located philosophised illustrative locati ng philosophises immigrate locati on philosophis ing immigra nt locati ons philosophize immigra nts relocate philosophized immigrated relocated philosophizes immigrates relocates philosophiz ing immigrat ing relocat ing phPsicalimmigratio n relocati on phPsicallPimplP maGimise proportio n implied maG disproporti on implies maGimised disproporti on implPi ng maGimises disproporti onin itial maGimisi ng proporti onal in itiallP maGimisati on proporti on allP in sta nee maGimize proporti on ate in sta nces maGimized proporti on atelP in teract maGimizes proporti ons in teracted maGimizi ng publishin teract ing maGimizati on publishedpublisher publishers publishes publish ing un published reactreacted reacts react ing reacti on reacti on aries reacti onarPreacti ons reactive reactivate reactivati on reactor reactors register deregister deregistered deregisteri ng deregisters deregistratio n registered registeri ng registers registrati on relP reliabilitP reliable reliablP relia nee relia nt relied reliesrelPi ng un reliable removeremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesremoving schemeschematic schematicallP schemed schemes schem ing sequeneesequeneedsequencesseque ncing sequential sequentiallP seGseGes seGismseGual seGualitPseGuallP shiftshiftedshifti ngshifts specifPspecifiablespecifiedspecifies specifPing un specifiedsufficie ntsufficie ncPin sufficie nt insufficie ntIPsufficie ntIP tasktaskstech ni caltech ni callPtech niquetech niq uestech no logPtech nologicaltech nologicallP validinv alidateinv aliditPvalidatevalidatedvalidat ingvalidati onvaliditPvalidlPvolumevolumesvol。
雅思高频词汇表(汇总)
The Academic Word List (AWL)英语学术词汇表1. What is the AWL?AWL (《英语学术词汇表》)是一个由Victoria University of Wellington. New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来词汇表，它包含了的学术英语(English for Academic Purpose) 中最常用的570个词目(headwords)，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
例如：词目“analyse "就包含以下相关联的词汇：analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis,an alyst, an alysts, an alytic, an alytical, an alytically, an alyze, an alyzed, an alyzes, an alyz ing 。
其中斜体字，an alysis ，在学术英语中最为常见。
2. What are the 10 sublists of the AWL ？AWL分十个sublists ( 小组)。
除了第十小组包含30个词目外，其他小组均含有90个词目。
Sublist 1 (第一组) 包含的词汇最常用，sublist 2 (第二组)中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublists 依次类推。
AWL中的每一个词目后都有一个数字，它代表了该词目是属于AWL中的哪一组。
例如abandon 8就表示abandon是属于第八小组的词目。
3. Where to find the AWL?本文件的附录以字母先后排列出了所有的AWL词目。
登陆网页/staff/awl/headwords.shtml 能看至U 570 个词目(headwords )。
如果你想得到每一个词目下面所包含的相关单词，请登陆http://la nguage.massey.ac. nz/staff/awl/sublists.shtml, 该网页能下载所有的单词。
学术英语词汇 AWL(DOC)
AWL (Academic Word List)（英汉）abandon放弃；抛弃abstract抽象的；摘要academy研究院；学院；学会access接近；入口accommodate容纳；给…提供住宿；使适应accompany陪伴；伴随accumulate积累accurate准确的achieve完成；取得acknowledge承认；致谢acquire获得adapt使适应；改编adequate足够的adjacent毗连的adjust调整administer管理adult成年人advocate拥护者；拥护affect影响aggregate总的；总计aid帮助albeit虽然allocate分派alter改变alternative替代物；替代的ambiguous模棱两可的amend修订analogy类似；类推analyze分析annual每年的；年鉴anticipate预料apparent明显的append附加appreciate欣赏；感激approach靠近；方法appropriate恰当的approximate近似的arbitrary任意的；专断的area面积；地区；领域aspect方面assemble集合；装配assess估价；评价assign分派assist援助assume假设；认为；承担assure保证attach贴；附加attain达到；获得attitude态度attribute归结于；性质author作者；创始人authority当局；权威automate使自动化available可得到的aware意识到的behalf利益benefit利益；津贴；有益bias偏见bond纽带；债券brief简短的bulk体积；大批capable能够的；有能力的capacity容量category种类；范畴cease停止challenge挑战channel海峡；频道chapter章chart图表chemical化学的；化学药品circumstance情况cite引用civil公民的；国内的clarify阐明classic名著；经典的clause条款；从句code代码；法典coherent连贯的coincide相符collapse倒塌colleague同事commence开始comment评论commission委任；委员会commit犯commodity日用品communicate交流community社区；界compatible兼容的compensate补偿compile编纂complement补充complex复杂的component组成部分compound化合物；复合词comprehensive综合的comprise构成compute计算conceive构思；怀孕concentrate浓缩；集中concept概念conclude下结论concurrent同时的conduct行为；指挥confer授予；协商confine限制confirm证实conflict冲突conform遵守；符合consent同意consequent必然的considerable相当大的consist组成constant不断的constitute构成constrain限制；强制construct建造consult咨询；查阅；请教consume消费；消耗contact接触；联系；联系人contemporary当代的；同代人context上下文；背景contract合同；收缩contradict矛盾contrary相反的contrast对比contribute贡献；捐献；投稿controversy争议convene召集converse相反convert转化convince使信服cooperate合作coordinate协调core核心corporate公司的correspond通信；对应couple夫妇；两个create创造；产生credit信用；学分；功劳criteria标准crucial决定性的culture文化currency货币cycle骑自行车；循环data数据debate辩论decade十年decline下倾；下降；谢绝deduce演绎define下定义；明确definite明确的demonstrate表明；演示；示威denote表示deny否认depress使沮丧derive起源design设计；图案despite尽管detect检测deviate偏离device装置devote奉献；为…献身differentiate区分dimension尺寸；维diminish减少discrete分离的discriminate区别；歧视displace移置display展览；显示dispose处理distinct清晰的；独特的distort歪曲distribute分布diverse多样的document文件domain领域；域domestic国内的；家庭的dominate支配draft草稿；通风；起草drama戏剧duration持续时间dynamic有活力的economy经济；节约edit编辑element元素eliminate消除emerge出现emphasis强调empirical经验的enable使能够encounter遇到energy精力；能量enforce实施enhance增强enormous巨大的；大量的ensure保证entity实体environment环境equate使相等；使平等equip装备equivalent对等erode腐蚀error错误establish建立estate房地产estimate估计ethic伦理ethnic种族的evaluate评价eventual最后的evident明显的evolve进化；演变exceed超过exclude排除exhibit展览expand扩大expert专家；熟练的explicit明晰的；详述的exploit剥削；利用export出口expose暴露；揭露external外部的extract取出；摘录facilitate使容易factor因素feature特征federal联邦的fee费file文件final最后的finance财政finite有限的flexible灵活的fluctuate波动focus集中；焦点format格式formula公式forthcoming即将到来的found建立foundation建立；基础；基金会framework框架function功能；函数fund资金fundamental基本的furthermore此外gender性别generate产生generation一代；产生globe地球goal球门；目标grade等级；年级；成绩grant拨款；助学金guarantee保证guideline方针hence因此hierarchy等级制度highlight精华；加亮；强调hypothesis假设identical相同的identify识别ideology思想体系ignorant无知的illustrate举例说明；图解image图像；形象immigrate移民impact影响implement工具；执行implicate暗指implicit暗指的imply暗指impose征收；强加incentive刺激incidence发生incline斜坡；使倾斜；使倾向income收入incorporate包含index索引；指标indicate表明individual个人induce引起inevitable必然的infer推断infrastructure基础设施inherent固有的inhibit抑制initial最初的；词首的；首字母initiate开始injure使受伤innovate创新input输入insert插入；插页insight见识inspect视察instance例子institute研究所；学院instruct教；指示integral整体的；整的integrate使结合integrity诚信；完整intelligent聪明的intense强烈的interact相互作用intermediate中间的；中级的internal内部的interpret解释；口译interval间隔intervene干预intrinsic内在的invest投资investigate调查invoke恳求involve涉及isolate孤立issue问题；发行item项目job工作journal杂志；日记justify证明label标签labor劳动layer层lecture讲课；讲座legal合法的；法律的legislate立法levy征收liberal自由的；开明的license执照likewise同样地link连接；环节locate使位于；找到logic逻辑maintain维持；维修major主要的；专业manipulate操作manual体力的；手册margin页边mature 成熟maximize使最大化mechanism装置；机制media媒体mediate调停medical医学的medium媒介；中等的mental心理的method方法migrate迁移military军事的minimal最小的minimize使最小化minimum最小值ministry部minor次要的；辅修专业mode模式modify修改；修饰monitor监视motive动机mutual相互的negate否定network网络neutral中立的nevertheless然而nonetheless然而norm标准normal正常的notion概念；想法notwithstanding虽然nuclear核的；核心的objective客观的；目标obtain获得obvious明显的occupy占领；使忙碌occur出现odd奇数的；奇怪的；临时的offset抵消ongoing进行中的option选择orient东方；使适应outcome结果output产量；产出overall总体的overlap重叠overseas海外panel专家小组；面板paradigm范例paragraph段落parallel平行的parameter参数participate参加partner搭档passive被动的perceive察觉；理解percent百分之period时期；句号persist持续perspective角度phase阶段phenomenon现象philosophy哲学physical身体的；物理的plus 加policy政策portion部分pose摆姿势positive积极的；阳性的potential潜在的；潜力practitioner从业者precede先于precise精确的predict预测predominant主要的preliminary初步的；初赛presume假设previous先前的primary初级的；主要的prime首要的principal主要的；校长principle原则prior在先的priority优先；重点proceed进行process过程；加工professional专业的；专业人员prohibit禁止project工程promote促进；促销proportion比例prospect前景protocol协议；礼仪psychology心理学publication出版；出版物publish出版purchase购买pursue追赶；追求qualitative定性的quote引用radical基本的；激进的random随机的range范围；山脉ratio比rational理性的react反应recover恢复refine提炼regime政权region地区register登记；挂号regulate调节reinforce加强reject拒绝relax放松release释放relevant有关的reluctance勉强rely依赖remove移走require要求research研究reside居住resolve解决；决心resource资源respond响应restore恢复restrain抑制restrict限制retain保留reveal显示revenue收入；税收reverse背面；倒车revise修改revolution革命；旋转rigid僵硬的：刻板的role角色route路线scenario剧本；方案schedule时间表scheme方案scope范围section部分sector部门secure安全的seek试图；寻找select选择sequence顺序series系列sex性；性别shift转换significant重要的similar相似的simulate模拟site地点so-called所谓的sole 唯一的；脚底；鞋底somewhat有点source来源specific具体的specify详述sphere球体；领域stable稳定的；马厩statistic统计的status地位straightforward坦率的strategy战略；策略stress压力；重音；强调structure结构style风格submit使屈服；提交subordinate下级的；从属的subsequent随后的subsidy补助substitute代替者；代替successor继任sufficient足够的sum金额summary总结supplement 补充survey调查survive幸存suspend暂停sustain维持symbol象征；符号tape磁带target靶子；目标task任务team队technical技术的technique技巧technology技术temporary暂时的tense紧张的；时态terminate终止text文本theme主题theory理论thereby从而thesis论文topic话题trace痕迹tradition传统transfer转移；换车transform转变transit运输；过渡transmit输送transport运输trend趋势trigger 触发；扳机ultimate最终的undergo经受underlie是…的基础undertake从事uniform一致的；制服unify统一unique独一无二的utilize利用valid有效的vary变化vehicle车辆version译文；版本via 经过violate违犯virtual实际上的；虚拟的visible可见的vision视力visual视觉的volume卷；音量；体积voluntary 自愿的；志愿的welfare福利whereas而whereby由此widespread普遍的AWL词汇（汉英）安全的secure暗指implicate暗指imply暗指的implicit靶子target百分之percent摆姿势pose扳机trigger版本version伴随accompany 帮助aid包含incorporate 保留retain保证assure保证ensure保证guarantee暴露expose背景context背面reverse被动的passive比ratio比例proportion必然的consequent 必然的inevitable 编辑edit编纂compile变化vary辩论debate标签label标准criteria标准norm表明demonstrate 表明indicate表示denote拨款grant波动fluctuate剥削exploit补偿compensate 补充complement 补充supplement 补助subsidy不断的constant部ministry部分portion部分section部门sector财政finance参加participate参数parameter 操作manipulate草稿draft策略strategy层layer插入insert插页insert查阅consult察觉perceive产出output产量output产生create产生generate产生generation阐明clarify超过exceed车辆vehicle成绩grade成年人adult成熟mature诚信integrity承担assume承认acknowledge持续persist持续时间duration尺寸dimension冲突conflict抽象的abstract出版publication出版publish出版物publication出口export出现emerge出现occur初步的preliminary初级的primary初赛preliminary处理dispose触发trigger传统tradition创始人author创新innovate创造create词首的initial磁带tape此外furthermore次要的minor刺激incentive聪明的intelligent从而thereby从句clause从事undertake从属的subordinate从业者practitioner促进promote促销promote错误error搭档partner达到attain大量的enormous大批bulk代码code代替substitute代替者substitute当代的contemporary当局authority倒车reverse倒塌collapse登记register等级grade等级制度hierarchy抵消offset地点site地球globe地区area地区region地位status定性的qualitative东方orient动机motive独特的distinct独一无二的unique段落paragraph队team对比contrast对等equivalent对应correspond多样的diverse而whereas发行issue发生incidence法典code法律的legal反应react犯commit范畴category范例paradigm范围range范围scope方案scenario方案scheme方法approach方法method方面aspect方针guideline房地产estate放弃abandon放松relax费fee分布distribute分离的discrete分派allocate分派assign分析analyze风格style奉献devote否定negate否认deny夫妇couple符号symbol符合conform福利welfare辅修专业minor 腐蚀erode附加append附加attach复合词compound 复杂的complex 改编adapt改变alter概念concept概念notion感激appreciate 干预intervene革命revolution 格式format个人individual 给…提供住宿accommodate工程project工具implement 工作job公民的civil公式formula公司的corporate 功劳credit功能function贡献contribute 构成comprise构成constitute构思conceive购买purchase 估计estimate估价assess孤立isolate固有的inherent挂号register管理administer归结于attribute国内的civil国内的domestic过程process过渡transit海外overseas海峡channel函数function行为conduct合法的legal合同contract合作cooperate核的nuclear核心core核心的nuclear痕迹trace化合物compound化学的chemical化学药品chemical话题topic怀孕conceive环节link环境environment换车transfer恢复recover恢复restore货币currency获得acquire获得attain获得obtain机制mechanism积极的positive积累accumulate基本的fundamental基本的radical基础foundation基础设施infrastructure基金会foundation激进的radical即将到来的forthcoming集合assemble集中concentrate集中focus计算compute技巧technique技术technology技术的technical继任successor加plus加工process加亮highlight加强reinforce家庭的domestic假设assume假设hypothesis假设presume间隔interval监视monitor兼容的compatible检测detect减少diminish简短的brief见识insight建立establish建立found建立foundation建造construct僵硬的：刻板的rigid讲课lecture讲座lecture交流communicate焦点focus角度perspective角色role脚底sole教instruct阶段phase接触contact接近access揭露expose节约economy结构structure结果outcome解决resolve解释interpret界community金额sum津贴benefit紧张的tense尽管despite进行proceed进行中的ongoing进化evolve近似的approximate禁止prohibit经典的classic经过via经济economy经受undergo经验的empirical精华highlight精力energy精确的precise居住reside举例说明illustrate 巨大的enormous 句号period拒绝reject具体的specific剧本scenario捐献contribute卷volume决定性的crucial 决心resolve军事的military开明的liberal开始commence开始initiate靠近approach可得到的available 可见的visible客观的objective 恳求invoke口译interpret框架framework 扩大expand来源source劳动labor类似analogy类推analogy礼仪protocol理解perceive理论theory理性的rational立法legislate利益behalf利益benefit利用exploit利用utilize例子instance连贯的coherent 连接link联邦的federal联系contact联系人contact两个couple临时的odd灵活的flexible领域area领域domain领域sphere路线route伦理ethic 论文thesis逻辑logic马厩stable矛盾contradict媒介medium媒体media每年的annual勉强reluctance面板panel面积area名著classic明确define明确的definite明晰的explicit明显的apparent明显的evident明显的obvious模棱两可的ambiguous模拟simulate模式mode目标goal目标objective目标target内部的internal内在的intrinsic能够的capable能量energy年级grade年鉴annual纽带bond浓缩concentrate排除exclude抛弃abandon陪伴accompany毗连的adjacent偏见bias偏离deviate频道channel平行的parallel评价assess评价evaluate评论comment普遍的widespread奇怪的odd奇数的odd歧视discriminate骑自行车cycle起草draft起源derive恰当的appropriate迁移migrate前景prospect潜力potential潜在的potential强加impose强烈的intense强调emphasis强调highlight强调stress强制constrain清晰的distinct情况circumstance请教consult球门goal球体sphere区别discriminate区分differentiate趋势trend取出extract取得achieve权威authority然而nevertheless然而nonetheless认为assume任务task任意的arbitrary日记journal日用品commodity容量capacity容纳accommodate入口access山脉range上下文context设计design社区community涉及involve身体的physical十年decade时间表schedule时期period时态tense识别identify实际上的virtual实施enforce实体entity使结合integrate使沮丧depress使忙碌occupy使能够enable使平等equate使倾向incline使倾斜incline使屈服submit使容易facilitate使适应accommodate使适应adapt使适应orient使受伤injure使位于locate使相等equate使信服convince使自动化automate使最大化maximize使最小化minimize示威demonstrate试图seek视察inspect视觉的visual视力vision是…的基础underlie释放release收入income收入revenue收缩contract手册manual首要的prime首字母initial授予confer输入input输送transmit熟练的expert数据data税收revenue顺序sequence思想体系ideology虽然albeit虽然notwithstanding 随后的subsequent随机的random所谓的so-called索引index态度attitude坦率的straightforward 特征feature提交submit提炼refine体积bulk体积volume体力的manual替代的alternative替代物alternative挑战challenge条款clause调查investigate调查survey调节regulate调停mediate调整adjust贴attach 停止cease通风draft通信correspond同代人contemporary同时的concurrent同事colleague同样地likewise同意consent统计的statistic统一unify投稿contribute投资invest图案design图表chart图解illustrate图像image推断infer歪曲distort外部的external完成achieve完整integrity网络network为…献身devote违犯violate唯一的sole维dimension维持maintain维持sustain维修maintain委任commission委员会commission文本text文化culture文件document文件file稳定的stable问题issue无知的ignorant物理的physical戏剧drama系列series下定义define下级的subordinate下降decline下结论conclude下倾decline先前的previous先于precede显示display显示reveal现象phenomenon限制confine限制constrain限制restrict相当大的considerable相反converse相反的contrary相符coincide相互的mutual相互作用interact相似的similar相同的identical详述specify详述的explicit响应respond想法notion项目item象征symbol消除eliminate消费consume消耗consume校长principal协商confer协调coordinate协议protocol斜坡incline鞋底sole谢绝decline心理的mental心理学psychology欣赏appreciate信用credit形象image幸存survive性sex性别gender性别sex性质attribute修订amend修改modify修改revise修饰modify虚拟的virtual旋转revolution选择option选择select学分credit学会academy学院academy学院institute寻找seek循环cycle压力stress研究research研究所institute研究院academy演变evolve演示demonstrate 演绎deduce阳性的positive要求require页边margin一代generation 一致的uniform医学的medical依赖rely移民immigrate移置displace移走remove抑制inhibit抑制restrain译文version意识到的aware 因此hence因素factor音量volume引起induce引用cite引用quote影响affect影响impact拥护advocate拥护者advocate 优先priority由此whereby有点somewhat有关的relevant 有活力的dynamic 有能力的capable 有限的finite有效的valid有益benefit预测predict预料anticipate域domain遇到encounter元素element原则principle援助assist运输transit运输transport杂志journal 在先的prior暂时的temporary暂停suspend增强enhance摘录extract摘要abstract债券bond展览display展览exhibit占领occupy战略strategy章chapter找到locate召集convene哲学philosophy争议controversy征收impose征收levy整的integral整体的integral正常的normal证明justify证实confirm政策policy政权regime支配dominate执行implement执照license指标index指挥conduct指示instruct志愿的voluntary制服uniform致谢acknowledge中等的medium中级的intermediate中间的intermediate中立的neutral终止terminate种类category种族的ethnic重点priority重叠overlap重要的significant重音stress主题theme主要的major主要的predominant主要的primary主要的principal助学金grant专断的arbitrary专家expert专家小组panel专业major专业的professional专业人员professional转变transform转化convert转换shift转移transfer装备equip装配assemble装置device装置mechanism追赶pursue追求pursue准确的accurate咨询consult资金fund资源resource自由的liberal自愿的voluntary综合的comprehensive总的aggregate总计aggregate总结summary总体的overall足够的adequate足够的sufficient组成consist组成部分component最初的initial最后的eventual最后的final最小的minimal最小值minimum最终的ultimate遵守conform作者author。
学术英语词汇AWL
AWL(AcademicWordLis（t)英汉）abandon放弃；抛弃abstract抽象的；摘要a ttach贴；附加attain达到；获得c ompound化合物；复合词academy研究院；学院；学会a ttitude态度attribute归结于；性质c omprehensive综合的comprise构成access接近；入口author作者；创始人compute计算accommodate容纳；给⋯authority当局；权威c onceive构思；怀孕提供住宿；使适应automate使自动化concentrate浓缩；集中accompany陪伴；伴随available可得到的concept概念accumulate积累a ware意识到的conclude下结论accurate准确的behalf利益concurrent同时的achieve完成；取得benefit利益；津贴；有益conduct行为；指挥acknowledge承认；致谢bias偏见c onfer授予；协商acquire获得adapt使适应；改编b ond纽带；债券brief简短的c onfine限制confirm证实adequate足够的adjacent毗连的b ulk体积；大批capable能够的；有能力的c onflict冲突conform遵守；符合adjust调整administer管理c apacity容量category种类；范畴c onsent同意consequent必然的adult成年人advocate拥护者；拥护c ease停止challenge挑战c onsiderable相当大的consist组成affect影响channel海峡；频道c onstant不断的aggregate总的；总计chapter章constitute构成aid帮助chart图表c onstrain限制；强制albeit虽然chemical化学的；化学药c onstruct 建造allocate分派consult咨询；查阅；请教品alter改变c ircumstance情况consume消费；消耗alternative替代物；替代的c ite引用civil公民的；国内的c ontact接触；联系；联系人ambiguous模棱两可的amend修订c larify阐明classic名著；经典的c ontemporary当代的；同代人analogy类似；类推c lause条款；从句context上下文；背景analyze分析code代码；法典contract合同；收缩annual每年的；年鉴c oherent连贯的contradict矛盾anticipate预料c oincide相符contrary相反的apparent明显的collapse倒塌contrast对比append附加appreciate欣赏；感激c olleague同事commence开始c ontribute贡献；捐献；投稿approach靠近；方法comment评论c ontroversy争议appropriate恰当的commission委任；委员会convene召集approximate近似的commit犯converse相反arbitrary任意的；专断的commodity日用品convert转化area面积；地区；领域communicate交流convince使信服aspect方面community社区；界cooperate合作assemble集合；装配compatible兼容的coordinate协调assess估价；评价compensate补偿c ore核心assign分派compile编纂c orporate公司的assist援助complement补充c orrespond通信；对应assume假设；认为；承担complex复杂的couple夫妇；两个assure保证c omponent组成部分create创造；产生1credit信用；学分；功劳e ncounter遇到fund资金criteria标准e nergy精力；能量fundamental基本的crucial决定性的enforce实施f urthermore此外culture文化enhance增强gender性别currency货币enormous巨大的；大量的generate产生cycle骑自行车；循环ensure保证g eneration一代；产生data数据debate辩论e ntity实体environment环境g lobe地球goal球门；目标decade十年decline下倾；下降；谢绝e quate使相等；使平等equip装备g rade等级；年级；成绩grant拨款；助学金deduce演绎e quivalent对等guarantee保证define下定义；明确definite明确的e rode腐蚀error错误g uideline方针hence因此demonstrate表明；演示；establish建立hierarchy等级制度示威estate房地产highlight精华；加亮；强denote表示deny否认e stimate估计ethic伦理调hypothesis假设depress使沮丧derive起源e thnic种族的evaluate评价i dentical相同的identify识别design设计；图案e ventual最后的ideology思想体系despite尽管evident明显的ignorant无知的detect检测evolve进化；演变i llustrate举例说明；图解deviate偏离exceed超过i mage图像；形象device装置exclude排除immigrate移民devote奉献；为⋯献身exhibit展览impact影响differentiate区分expand扩大implement工具；执行dimension尺寸；维e xpert专家；熟练的implicate暗指diminish减少explicit明晰的；详述的implicit暗指的discrete分离的exploit剥削；利用imply暗指discriminate区别；歧视export出口impose征收；强加displace移置expose暴露；揭露incentive刺激display展览；显示external外部的incidence发生dispose处理distinct清晰的；独特的e xtract取出；摘录facilitate使容易i ncline斜坡；使倾斜；使倾向distort歪曲factor因素income收入distribute分布feature特征incorporate包含diverse多样的federal联邦的index索引；指标document文件fee费i ndicate表明domain领域；域file文件individual个人domestic国内的；家庭的final最后的induce引起dominate支配finance财政i nevitable必然的draft草稿；通风；起草finite有限的infer推断drama戏剧flexible灵活的infrastructure基础设施duration持续时间f luctuate波动i nherent固有的dynamic有活力的focus集中；焦点inhibit抑制economy经济；节约edit编辑f ormat格式formula公式i nitial最初的；词首的；首字母element元素forthcoming即将到来的initiate开始eliminate消除found建立injure使受伤emerge出现emphasis强调f oundation建立；基础；基金会i nnovate创新input输入empirical经验的enable使能够f ramework框架function功能；函数i nsert插入；插页insight见识2inspect视察method方法phenomenon现象instance例子migrate迁移philosophy哲学institute研究所；学院military军事的physical身体的；物理的instruct教；指示minimal最小的plus加integral整体的；整的minimize使最小化policy政策integrate使结合minimum最小值portion部分integrity诚信；完整intelligent聪明的m inistry部minor次要的；辅修专业p ose摆姿势positive积极的；阳性的intense强烈的interact相互作用m ode模式modify修改；修饰p otential潜在的；潜力practitioner从业者intermediate中间的；中monitor监视precede先于级的internal内部的m otive动机mutual相互的p recise精确的predict预测interpret解释；口译negate否定predominant主要的interval间隔network网络preliminary初步的；初赛intervene干预intrinsic内在的n eutral中立的nevertheless然而p resume假设previous先前的invest投资investigate调查n onetheless然而norm标准p rimary初级的；主要的prime首要的invoke恳求normal正常的principal主要的；校长involve涉及notion概念；想法principle原则isolate孤立notwithstanding虽然prior在先的issue问题；发行nuclear核的；核心的priority优先；重点item项目objective客观的；目标proceed进行job工作obtain获得process过程；加工journal杂志；日记obvious明显的professional专业的；专业justify证明occupy占领；使忙碌人员label标签occur出现prohibit禁止labor劳动odd奇数的；奇怪的；临project工程layer层时的promote促进；促销lecture讲课；讲座offset抵消proportion比例legal合法的；法律的ongoing进行中的prospect前景legislate立法option选择protocol协议；礼仪levy征收orient东方；使适应psychology心理学liberal自由的；开明的outcome结果publication出版；出版物license执照output产量；产出publish出版likewise同样地overall总体的purchase购买link连接；环节overlap重叠pursue追赶；追求locate使位于；找到overseas海外qualitative定性的logic逻辑panel专家小组；面板quote引用maintain维持；维修paradigm范例radical基本的；激进的major主要的；专业paragraph段落random随机的manipulate操作parallel平行的range范围；山脉manual体力的；手册parameter参数ratio比margin页边participate参加rational理性的mature成熟partner搭档react反应maximize使最大化passive被动的recover恢复mechanism装置；机制perceive察觉；理解refine提炼media媒体percent百分之regime政权mediate调停medical医学的p eriod时期；句号persist持续r egion地区register登记；挂号medium媒介；中等的mental心理的p erspective角度phase阶段r egulate调节reinforce加强3reject拒绝s ite地点terminate终止relax放松so-called所谓的text文本release释放sole唯一的；脚底；鞋底theme主题relevant有关的somewhat有点theory理论reluctance勉强s ource来源thereby从而rely依赖s pecific具体的thesis论文remove移走require要求s pecify详述sphere球体；领域t opic话题trace痕迹research研究reside居住s table稳定的；马厩statistic统计的t radition传统transfer转移；换车resolve解决；决心status地位transform转变resource资源respond响应s traightforward坦率的strategy战略；策略t ransit运输；过渡transmit输送restore恢复stress压力；重音；强调transport运输restrain抑制structure结构t rend趋势restrict限制retain保留s tyle风格submit使屈服；提交t rigger触发；扳机ultimate最终的reveal显示revenue收入；税收s ubordinate下级的；从属的u ndergo经受underlie是⋯的基础reverse背面；倒车s ubsequent随后的undertake从事revise修改subsidy补助u niform一致的；制服revolution革命；旋转substitute代替者；代替unify统一rigid僵硬的：刻板的successor继任unique独一无二的role角色sufficient足够的utilize利用route路线s um金额v alid有效的scenario剧本；方案summary总结vary变化schedule时间表supplement补充v ehicle车辆scheme方案survey调查version译文；版本scope范围s urvive幸存via经过section部分suspend暂停v iolate违犯sector部门s ustain维持v irtual实际上的；虚拟的secure安全的symbol象征；符号visible可见的seek试图；寻找tape磁带v ision视力select选择target靶子；目标v isual视觉的sequence顺序t ask任务v olume卷；音量；体积series系列team队v oluntary自愿的；志愿的sex性；性别t echnical技术的welfare福利shift转换t echnique技巧whereas而significant重要的technology技术whereby由此similar相似的temporary暂时的widespread普遍的simulate模拟t ense紧张的；时态4AWL词汇（汉英）安全的secure操作manipulate从句clause暗指implicate草稿draft从事undertake暗指imply策略strategy从属的subordinate暗指的implicit层layer从业者practitioner 靶子target插入insert促进promote百分之percent插页insert促销promote摆姿势pose查阅consult错误error扳机trigger察觉perceive搭档partner版本version产出output达到attain伴随accompany产量output大量的enormous帮助aid产生create大批bulk包含incorporate产生generate代码code保留retain产生generation代替substitute保证assure阐明clarify代替者substitute保证ensure超过exceed当代的contemporary保证guarantee车辆vehicle当局authority暴露expose成绩grade倒车reverse背景context成年人adult倒塌collapse背面reverse成熟mature登记register被动的passive诚信integrity等级grade比ratio承担assume等级制度hierarchy比例proportion承认acknowledge抵消offset 必然的consequent持续persist地点site必然的inevitable持续时间duration地球globe编辑edit编纂compile 尺寸dimension冲突conflict地区area地区region变化vary 辩论debate 抽象的abstract出版publication地位status定性的qualitative标签label标准criteria 出版publish出版物publication东方orient动机motive标准norm表明demonstrate 出口export出现emerge独特的distinct独一无二的unique表明indicate出现occur段落paragraph表示denote初步的preliminary队team拨款grant初级的primary对比contrast波动fluctuate初赛preliminary对等equivalent 剥削exploit处理dispose对应correspond补偿compensate触发trigger多样的diverse补充complement传统tradition而whereas补充supplement创始人author发行issue补助subsidy创新innovate发生incidence不断的constant创造create法典code部ministry词首的initial法律的legal部分portion磁带tape反应react部分section此外furthermore犯commit部门sector次要的minor范畴category财政finance刺激incentive范例paradigm参加participate聪明的intelligent范围range 参数parameter从而thereby范围scope5方案scenario估计estimate继任s uccessor方案scheme估价assess加plus方法approach孤立isolate加工process方法method固有的inherent加亮highlight方面aspect挂号register加强r einforce方针g uideline管理administer家庭的domestic房地产e state归结于a ttribute假设a ssume放弃abandon国内的civil假设h ypothesis放松relax国内的domestic假设p resume费fee过程process间隔i nterval分布distribute过渡t ransit监视monitor分离的discrete海外overseas兼容的compatible 分派allocate海峡channel检测detect分派assign函数function减少diminish分析analyze行为c onduct简短的brief风格style合法的legal见识insight奉献devote合同contract建立establish否定negate合作cooperate建立found否认d eny 夫妇c ouple 核的nuclear核心core建立foundation建造construct符号symbol核心的nuclear僵硬的：刻板的rigid 符合conform痕迹trace讲课l ecture福利welfare化合物compound讲座l ecture辅修专业m inor化学的chemical交流communicate腐蚀e rode附加append 化学药品c hemical话题t opic焦点focus角度perspective附加attach怀孕c onceive角色role复合词c ompound 复杂的complex 环节l ink环境e nvironment脚底sole教instruct改编a dapt 改变a lter 换车t ransfer恢复recover阶段p hase接触contact概念concept恢复restore接近access概念notion货币currency揭露expose感激appreciate获得a cquire节约economy干预i ntervene获得a ttain结构structure革命revolution获得o btain结果o utcome格式format机制mechanism解决resolve个人individual积极的positive解释i nterpret 给⋯提供住宿积累a ccumulate界communityaccommodate 工程project 基本的fundamental基本的radical金额s um津贴b enefit工具implement基础foundation紧张的tense工作job基础设施infrastructure尽管despite公民的civil基金会foundation进行proceed公式formula激进的radical进行中的ongoing公司的corporate即将到来的forthcoming进化evolve 功劳c redit集合assemble近似的approximate功能function集中concentrate禁止prohibit贡献contribute集中focus经典的classic构成comprise计算c ompute经过via构成constitute技巧technique经济e conomy构思conceive技术technology经受u ndergo购买p urchase技术的technical经验的empirical6精华highlight论文thesis潜在的potential精力energy逻辑logic强加impose精确的precise马厩stable强烈的intense居住reside矛盾contradict强调emphasis举例说明illustrate媒介medium强调highlight巨大的enormous媒体media强调stress句号period每年的annual强制constrain拒绝reject勉强reluctance清晰的distinct具体的specific面板panel情况circumstance剧本scenario面积area请教consult捐献contribute名著classic球门goal卷volume明确define球体sphere决定性的crucial明确的definite区别discriminate 决心resolve明晰的explicit区分differentiate军事的military明显的apparent趋势trend开明的liberal明显的evident取出extract开始commence明显的obvious取得achieve开始initiate模棱两可的ambiguous权威authority靠近approach可得到的available 模拟simulate模式mode然而nevertheless然而nonetheless可见的visible目标goal认为assume客观的objective目标objective任务task 恳求invoke目标target任意的arbitrary 口译interpret内部的internal日记journal框架framework 扩大expand 内在的intrinsic能够的capable日用品commodity容量capacity来源source能量energy容纳accommodate劳动labor 类似analogy 年级grade年鉴annual入口access山脉range类推analogy 礼仪protocol 纽带bond浓缩concentrate上下文context设计design理解perceive排除exclude社区community理论theory抛弃abandon涉及involve理性的rational陪伴accompany身体的physical 立法legislate毗连的adjacent十年decade利益behalf偏见bias时间表schedule利益benefit偏离deviate时期period利用exploit频道channel时态tense利用utilize平行的parallel识别identify例子instance评价assess实际上的virtual连贯的coherent评价evaluate实施enforce连接link评论comment实体entity联邦的federal使结合integrate普遍的widespread联系contact使沮丧depress奇怪的odd联系人contact使忙碌occupy奇数的odd两个使能够coupleenab le临时的使平等oddequate 灵活的使倾向flexiblein cline 歧视discriminate骑自行车cycle前景prospect潜力potential使适应accommodate使适应adapt领域使倾斜areaincline领域使屈服domainsubmit领域使容易spherefacilitate路线route伦理ethic7使适应o rient停止cease限制restrict使受伤i njure通风d raft相当大的considerable使位于locate通信correspond相反converse使相等equate同代人contemporary相反的contrary 使信服convince同时的concurrent相符coincide 使自动化automate同事colleague相互的mutual使最大化maximize同样地l ikewise相互作用interact 使最小化minimize同意consent相似的similar示威demonstrate统计的statistic相同的identical 试图s eek统一unify详述specify视察i nspect投稿contribute详述的explicit视觉的visual投资i nvest响应r espond视力vision图案d esign想法notion是⋯的基础u nderlie图表c hart项目i tem释放r elease图解i llustrate象征symbol收入income图像i mage消除eliminate收入revenue推断infer消费c onsume收缩c ontract歪曲distort消耗consume手册manual 首要的prime 外部的external完成achieve校长p rincipal协商c onfer首字母initial完整integrity协调coordinate 授予confer网络n etwork协议p rotocol输入input为⋯献身devote斜坡incline输送t ransmit违犯v iolate鞋底sole熟练的expert 数据data 唯一的sole维dimension谢绝d ecline心理的mental税收revenue维持m aintain心理学psychology顺序s equence思想体系ideology 维持s ustain维修maintain欣赏a ppreciate信用credit虽然a lbeit虽然n otwithstanding 委任commission委员会commission形象image幸存survive随后的subsequent文本text性sex随机的random文化culture性别g ender所谓的so-called文件document性别s ex索引index文件file性质a ttribute态度a ttitude稳定的stable修订a mend坦率的straightforward问题issue修改modify特征feature无知的ignorant修改revise提交submit物理的physical修饰m odify提炼r efine戏剧drama虚拟的virtual体积b ulk系列series旋转r evolution体积v olume下定义d efine选择option体力的manual下级的subordinate选择select替代的alternative下降decline学分credit 替代物alternative下结论conclude学会academy 挑战c hallenge下倾d ecline学院academy条款clause先前的previous学院institute 调查i nvestigate先于precede寻找s eek调查s urvey显示display循环c ycle调节r egulate显示reveal压力stress调停mediate现象phenomenon研究research 调整adjust限制confine研究所institute贴attach限制constrain研究院academy8WOED 格式专业资料整理演变evolve 在先的prior 主要的major演示demonstrate 暂时的temporary 主要的predominant 演绎deduce 暂停suspend 主要的primary阳性的positive 增强enhance 主要的principal 要求require 摘录extract 助学金grant页边margin 摘要abstract 专断的arbitrary 一代generation 债券bond 专家expert一致的uniform 展览display 专家小组panel 医学的medical 展览exhibit 专业major 依赖rely 占领occupy 专业的professional移民immigrate 战略strategy 专业人员professional 移置displace 章chapter 转变transform 移走remove 找到locate 转化convert 抑制inhibit 召集convene 转换shift抑制restrain 哲学philosophy 转移transfer 译文version 争议controversy 装备equip 意识到的aware 征收impose 装配assemble 因此hence 征收levy 装置device 因素factor 音量volume 整的integral 整体的integral装置mechanism 追赶pursue引起induce 正常的normal 追求pursue 引用cite 证明justify 准确的accurate 引用quote 证实confirm 咨询consult 影响affect 政策policy 资金fund 影响impact 拥护advocate 政权regime 支配dominate资源resource 自由的liberal 拥护者advocate 执行implement 自愿的voluntary 优先priority 由此whereby 执照license 指标index综合的comprehensive 总的aggregate 有点somewhat 有关的relevant 指挥conduct 指示instruct总计aggregate 总结summary有活力的dynamic 志愿的voluntary 总体的overall 有能力的capable 制服uniform 足够的adequate 有限的finite 致谢acknowledge 足够的sufficient 有效的valid 中等的medium 组成consist有益benefit 中级的intermediate 组成部分component 预测predict 中间的intermediate 最初的initial 预料anticipate 中立的neutral 最后的eventual 域domain 终止terminate 最后的final遇到encounter 种类category 最小的minimal 元素element 种族的ethnic 最小值minimum 原则principle 重点priority 最终的ultimate 援助assist 重叠overlap 遵守conform运输transit 重要的significant 作者author运输transport 重音stress 杂志journal 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