2010西南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题
翻译硕士英语2010答案
是蓝领工人 ,因 为这些行业 与经济运行的好坏最相关。D选 项正是此意。A,B,C 选项与此无关。 ” “.B 由本文最后一段最后一句话 ,“ But in the long血 n。 ¨psychdogically dyna血 ℃ ,可 知 从长期来看 ,这 种失业现象必然会导致政治上 ,经 济上和心理上的危 险。因此可推 测失业问题最终会导致严重的社会问题。B选 项正是此意。A,C,D选 项与此无关。 Passage Two es枷,Ds36Jo40仞 昭 Dc“ 〃 @刀 仂 纟roJJov枷 留 pJfscgB。 口刃 %.C 由文章第二段最后一句话 ,“ A homone。 ¨山ings hⅡ pen dsewhere。 ” ,可 知 ,荷 尔蒙 是 由一处组织产生而作用于另一处组织的化学组织。因此 ,C选 项正是此意 ,它 会 对身体的另一个部分产生影响。A,B,D选 项文中均未提及。 3T。 D 此题可用排除法。答案应定位在第 三段。A选 项 中提到的 scientists,function在 第 三 段中都从未出现过 ,所 以为无关选项 ,排 除。B选 项 中提到 frequentˇ ,而 分泌荷尔 蒙的频率在此段 中也未提到 ,排 除。C选 项 中的 aging process在 此段 中也没有出现 排除。因此 ,此 题应选 D选 项。 38.D 原文高亮处的意思是 :最 普遍的荷尔蒙的影响力是不显著的 ,但 是却很深远而且难 以追踪 :他 们可以改变情绪 ,影 响人类 的行为 ,甚 至会影响通常看来是 自发的那些 行为。A选 项将句意的重点放在了情绪和行为上 ,但 文中的句子的重点则是荷尔蒙 及其作用 ,因 此 A选 项错误。B选 项 中提到的科学家现在还不 肯定荷尔蒙的影响的 深远程度 ,属 于无关信息。C选 项 中的 urgent tre乱 ment属 于无关 信息。D选 项 的意 思是 :荷 尔蒙的影响难以衡量 ,但 是它可以影响人类的心理和行动。正确。 40
翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识单项选择题专项强化真题试卷39(题后含
翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识单项选择题专项强化真题试卷39(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．在19世纪英国文学中，女性作家占据了重要的位置，下面（）是例外。
A．维吉尼亚．沃尔夫B．艾米丽．勃朗特C．简．奥斯汀D．夏洛特，勃朗特正确答案：A解析：维吉尼亚．沃尔夫是二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋。
其余三位作家均是19世纪著名女作家。
2．“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”是谁的诗句？A．李白B．辛弃疾C．苏轼D．陆游正确答案：D解析：本句出自《游山西村》，是宋代诗人陆游的作品。
原文如下：游山西村莫笑农家腊酒浑，丰年留客足鸡豚。
山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。
箫鼓追随春社近，衣冠简朴古风存。
从今若许闲乘月，拄杖无时夜叩门。
3．《中国改革》杂志根据一年发生的改革热点梳理出2009中国改革十大“关键词”，“神木医改”上榜。
同时上榜的还有“保八”、“群体性事件”、“县政改革”、“钓鱼执法”、“反腐打黑”、“新地王”、“全民分红”、“大学之盗”和“富二代”。
其中的“保八”是指( )。
(西南大学2010翻译硕士)A．保护八大建设项目B．保持经济增长率不低于8％C．保持八达岭长城的旧貌D．保证八项纪律正确答案：B解析：在2008年经济危机爆发后，中国为了促进经济的复苏，采取了积极的财政政策和其他一些经济刺激政策，并提出努力使2009年GDP同比增速达到8％左右的目标。
知识模块：经济4．司马迁的父亲司马谈在《论六家要旨》中，将百家首次划分为( )。
A．儒、释、墨、法、道、阴阳六家B．儒、释、道、兵、法、墨家六家C．法、农、阴阳、名、刑、墨家六家D．儒、墨、名、法、道、阴阳六家正确答案：D解析：传统上，关于百家的划分，最早源于司马迁的父亲司马谈。
他在《论六家要旨》中，将百家首次划分为“阴阳、儒、墨、名、法、道”六家。
后来，刘歆在《七略》中，又在司马谈划分的基础上，增“纵横、杂、农、小说”为十家。
班固在《汉书.艺文志》中袭刘歆的观点，并认为：“诸子十家，其可观者九家而已。
西南大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
![西南大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解](https://360docs-1393072327.cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com/0b0dbda1af1ffc4fff47ac05.webp)
13．The multinational corporation was making a take-over
for a
property company.
A. application
B. bid
C. proposal
D. suggestion
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这个跨国公司正在做兼并一个房地产公司的提案。
【解析】句意：他讨厌被要求等候，他期望部长立即见他。resent doing
sth讨厌做某事。expect sb to do sth期望某人做某事。因此，本题的正确 答案为B。
11．The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers’ fears were
【答案】A
【解析】句意：海伦为她没能参加聚会而道歉。apologize to sb for doing sth因为做了某事而向某人道歉。be able to do sth能够做某事。因此，本 题的正确答案为A。
8．When you are traveling
, you often need to stay in a hotel.
9．I
writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother’s illness
interfered. I hope you will excuse me.
A. am to have finished
B. was to have finished
C. was to finish
A. if on business or for pleasure
B. whether on business or for pleasure
翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识(历史文化)历年真题试卷汇编
翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（历史文化）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题单项选择题1．美国的《独立宣言》是一份由( )起草，并由其他代表签署的最初声明南北美十三个殖民地摆脱英国的殖民统治的文件。
(西南大学2010翻译硕士) A．乔治.华盛顿B．本杰明.富兰克林C．约翰.亚当斯D．托马斯.杰弗逊正确答案：D解析：独立宣言是一份于1776年7月4日由托马斯.杰弗逊起草，并由其它13个殖民地代表签署的最初声明美国从英国独立的文件。
知识模块：历史文化2．( )是中国古代魏晋以后产生的一种文体，南北朝是该种文体的全盛时期。
该文体是与散文相对而言的。
其主要特点是以四六句式为主，讲究对仗，因句式两两相对，犹如两马并驾齐驱，故而得名。
(两南大学2010翻译硕士) A．对联B．俳句C．骈体文D．八股文正确答案：C解析：骈体文是魏晋以来产生的一种文体，又称骈俪文。
骈文是与散文相对而言的，其主要特点是以四六句式为主，讲究对仗的工整和声律的铿锵，因句式两两相对，犹如两马并驾齐驱，故被称为骈体。
南北朝是骈体文的全盛时期。
知识模块：历史文化3．《马桥词典》，是中国作家_________1996年出版的一部________，这部著作收录了湖南一个虚构村庄马桥弓人的115个词条，其中有些词汇也是作者所虚构(如晕街)。
( )(西南大学2010翻译硕士)A．贾平凹，字典B．韩少功，小说C．莫言，报告文学D．池莉，戏剧正确答案：B解析：《马桥词典》是韩少功于上世纪90年代中精心创作的一部力作。
这是一部很怪异的小说，它本质上是步寻根文学和反思文学的后尘，但在形式上却向后现代小说靠拢。
知识模块：历史文化4．《马氏文通》是马建忠参照( )语法体系，同时参照中国关于虚字的一些说法，经过长期的整理、搜集而创建起来的一套汉语语法体系。
(西南大学2010翻译硕士)A．文言文B．白话文C．拉丁文D．阿拉伯文正确答案：C解析：《马氏文通》是我国第一部用现代语言学理沦研究中国语法的著作，在我国语言学史上具有划时代的意义。
(NEW)西南大学外国语学院《448汉语写作与百科知识》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
![(NEW)西南大学外国语学院《448汉语写作与百科知识》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解](https://360docs-1393072327.cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com/c40d1249650e52ea551898a0.webp)
目 录2012年西南大学外国语学院448汉语写作与百科知识[专业硕士]考研真题2012年西南大学外国语学院448汉语写作与百科知识[专业硕士]考研真题及详解2011年西南大学外国语学院448汉语写作与百科知识[专业硕士]考研真题2010年西南大学外国语学院448汉语写作与百科知识[专业硕士]考研真题2010年西南大学外国语学院448汉语写作与百科知识[专业硕士]考研真题及详解第一部分 百科知识（50分）第二部分 应用文写作（40分）第三部分 现代汉语写作（60分）2012年西南大学外国语学院448汉语写作与百科知识[专业硕士]考研真题第一大题：名词解释（一）战略性产业、区域经济、清洁能源、循环经济、产业化、创新型国家、国内生产总值；（二）传教士、利玛窦、《几何原理》、亚里士多德；（三）二十四节气、三伏、祭祀、君子、阴阳五行；（四）信达雅、文艺复兴、先知、《论语》。
第二大题：应用文写作（40分）根据以下提供的十段素材进行整理和分类后，以XX省银行业协会的名义致信“中国银行业协会”写一份工作报告要求行文规范。
素材主要内容是关于2010年2月出现了客户和媒体对四家国有商业银行存取款收费标准的不满投诉，以及这个银行协会所做的调查和处理建议。
素材文字很多有2000字左右。
第三大题：现代文写作（60分）根据2011年《新京报》的一则调查报告，参考调查报告的内容写一篇现代议论文，谈谈你对此事的看法。
调查报告是关于“老人摔倒该不该扶’的问题展开的，调查结果凸显了中国社会信任危机。
2012年西南大学外国语学院448汉语写作与百科知识[专业硕士]考研真题及详解1．战略性产业答：战略性新兴产业是指建立在重大前沿科技突破和重大发展需求的基础上，代表未来科技和产业发展新方向，体现当今世界知识经济、循环经济、低碳经济发展潮流，目前尚处于成长初期、未来发展潜力巨大，对经济社会具有全局带动和重大引领作用的产业。
是知识技术密集、物质资源消耗少、成长潜力大、综合效益好的产业。
西南大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年
西南大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)Ⅰplaint book（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(投诉书 )解析：2.inheritance tax（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(遗产税 )解析：3.value added tax（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(增值税)解析：4.summit meeting（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(首脑会议 )解析：5.sweet milk（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(甜牛奶 )解析：6.a good sailor（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(不会晕船 )解析：7.eurozone（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(欧元区 )解析：8.emergency exit（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(紧急出口 )解析：9.contact lenses（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(隐形眼镜 )解析：10.European Central Bank（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(欧洲央行 )解析：11.UN Security Council（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(联合国安理会)解析：12.ASEAN（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(东盟(东南亚国家联盟)(Association of Southeast Asian Nations) )解析：13.UNESCO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) ) 解析：14.IMF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund) )解析：15.ADB（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank))解析：Ⅱ16.零排放（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(zero emission )解析：17.油漆未干（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(wet paint )解析：18.部长级会议（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(ministerial conference )解析：19.公务员（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(civil servants )解析：20.居民消费价格指数（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(the consumer price index )解析：21.福利彩票（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(welfare lottery )解析：22.液晶显示屏（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(liquid crystal display )解析：23.医疗保险（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(medical insurance )解析：24.义务教育（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(compulsory education )解析：25.战略伙伴关系（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(strategic partnership )解析：26.智囊团（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(think-tank )解析：27.中央商务区（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(central business district )解析：28.国家发改委（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(national development and reform commission )解析：29.《红楼梦》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Dream of Red Mansions )解析：30.武术（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(martial arts )解析：Ⅲ31. Our age is in many ways unique, full of events and phenomena which never occurred before and can never happen again. They distort our thinking, making us believe that what is true now will be true forever, though perhaps on a larger scale. Because we have annihilated distance on this planet, we imagine that we can do it once again. The facts are far otherwise, and we will see them clearly if we forget the present and turn our minds toward the past. To our ancestors, the vastness of the earth was a dominant fact controlling their thoughts and lives. In all earlier ages than ours, the world was wide indeed, and no man could ever see more than a tiny fraction of its immensity. A few hundred miles—a thousand, at the most—was infinity. Only a lifetime ago parents waved farewell to their emigrating children in the virtual certainty that they would never meet again. And now, within one incredible generation, all this has changed. Over the seas where Odysseus wandered for a decade, the Rome-Beiru comet (1) whispers its way within the hour. And above that, the closer satellites span the distance between Troy and Ithaca in less than a minute. Psychologically as well as physically, there are no longer any remote places on earth. When a friend leaves for what was once a far country, even if he has no intention of returning, we cannot feel that same sense of irrevocable separation that saddened our forefathers. We know that he is only hours away by jet liner, and that we have merely to reach for the telephone to hear his voice. In a few years, when the satellite communication network is established, we will be able to see friends on the far side of the earth as easily as we talk to them on the other side of the town. Then the world will shrink no more, for it will have become a dimensionless point. (From We'll Never Conquer Space written by Arthur Clarke in 1960) 注：(1)Rome-Beiru comet：罗马—贝鲁特彗星号飞机；(2)Troy：特洛伊；(3)Ithaca：阿提刻岛。
2010-2020年考研英语二真题答案(一键打印版)
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: DCBAA6 - 10: BDCBA11-15: CDDAC16-20: BDCABSection II: Reading Comprehension (50 points)21-25: DABCC26-30: ACBDB31-35: AADCB36-40: DACBD41-45: FTFTFSection III :Translation (15 Points)最近，“承受力”已成为一个流行词，但对Ted Ning来说，它却有着特殊的含义。
他曾经历过一段难以承受的痛苦生活，因此他很清楚，旨在提高承受力的价值观只有通过日常行为和抉择才能得到体现。
Ning回忆起20世纪90年代末销售保险的那一年，那是令人感到困惑的一年。
他经历了网络泡沫的膨胀和破灭，由于急需找到一份工作，因此就与Boulder 代理公司签了约。
但情况并不顺利。
“这一步的确是糟糕的一步，因为我对那份工作没有热情。
”Ning与。
正如所料，在工作上的困境表现为缺乏销量。
“我很痛苦。
我如此焦虑，以至于会在半夜醒来，然后盯着天花板。
我身无分文，我需要这份工作。
大家都说：‘等等吧，会有转机的，再给一段时间吧。
’”2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: ACBDD6 - 10: BACCB11-15: DBACA16-20: ADACDSection II: Reading Comprehension (50 points)21-25: BDCAB26-30: DBCAA31-35: CDCDB36-40: BCBAD41-45: EDCBGSection III :Translation (15 Points)在全球范围内，信息技术行业所产生的温室气体与航空业所产生的量相同，约占二氧化碳排放总量的2%。
2010年考研英语真题英译汉分析及答案
英语辅导专家贾洪伟⽼师，针对2010年考研英语英译汉部分进⾏分析，2010考研英语英译汉⽂章属环保范畴，摘⾃利奥波德(Aldo Leopold)于1966年在⽜津⼤学出版出版的《沙乡年鉴》(A Sand Country Almanac)中的“⼟地伦理”(The Land Ethics)部分，具体在原书210页。
本题⼲中，出题者也是动过“⼩⼿术”的，⽐如：第⼀段的原⽂是：“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Wildflowers and songbirds are examples. Of the 22,000 higher plants and animals native to Wisconsin, it is doubtful whether more than 5 per cent can be sold, fed, eaten, or otherwise put to economic use. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。
”，经过加⼯就变成了“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。
翻译硕士MTI考试各高校真题汇总
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2010-2019硕士研究生考试英语一真题及答案(精编)
2010-2019硕士研究生考试英语一真题及答案（精编）目录2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (2)2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (12)2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (22)2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (32)2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (42)2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (52)2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (62)2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (72)2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (82)2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试 (92)12010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and nark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)In1924America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting1workers'productivity.Instead,the studies ended2giving their name to the“Hawthorne effect,”the extremely influential idea that the very3 of being experimented upon changed subjects'behavior.The idea arose because of the4behavior of the women in the plant.According to5of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not6what was done in the experiment;7something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)8that they were being experimented upon seemed to be9to alter workers’behavior10itself.After several decades,the same data were11to econometric analysis.The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store.12the descriptions on record,no systematic13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to14 interpretations of what happened.15,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output16rose compared with the previous Saturday and17 to rise for the next couple of days.18,a comparison with data for weeks when therewas no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays.Workers19to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before20a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged“Hawthorne effect”is hard to pin down.1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work7.[A]as far as[B]for fear that[C]in case that[D]so long as8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed12.[A]Contrary to[B]Consistent with[C]Parallel with[D]Peculiar to13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading15.[A]In contrast[B]For example[C]In consequence[D]As usual16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued18.[A]Therefore[B]Furthermore[C]However[D]Meanwhile19.[A]attempted[B]tended[C]chose[D]intended20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hittingSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the20th century and the eve of World War II,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days,it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.Theirs was a serious business,and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly,like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,could be trusted to know what they were about.These men believed in journalism as a calling,and were proud to be published in the daily press.“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,”Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’as‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten.Neville Cardus,who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from1917until shortly before his death in1975,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.During his lifetime,though,he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics,and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography(1947) became a best-seller.He was knighted in1967,the first music critic to be so honored.Yet only one of his books is now in print,and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save tospecialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival?The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death,and postmodern readers have littleuse for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21.It is indicated in Paragraphs1and2that[A]arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers[B]English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews[C]high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers[D]young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies22.Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A]free themes[B]casual style[C]elaborate layout[D]radical viewpoints23.Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A]It is writers’duty to fulfill journalisticgoals.[B]It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C]Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D]Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24.What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A]His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B]His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C]His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D]His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25.What would be the best title for the text?[A]Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B]The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C]Mournful Decline of Journalism[D]Prominent Critics in MemoryText2Over the past decade,thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business received one for its“one-click”online payment system.Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents,which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized10years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz,the U.S.Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski,as the case is known,is“a very big deal,”says Dennis D.Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law.It“has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face,because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its1998decision in the so-called State Street Bank case,approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.That ruling produced anexplosion in business-method patent filings,initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online ter,more established companies raced to add such patents to their files,if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch.In2005,IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than300 business-method patents,despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly,some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all12of the court’s judges,rather than a typical panel of three,and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should“reconsider”its State Street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent st April,for example,the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for“inventions”that are obvious.The judges on the Federal Circuit are“reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,”says Harold C.Wegner,a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26.Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A]their limited value to businesses.[B]their connection with asset allocation.[C]the possible restriction on their granting.[D]the controversy over their authorization.27.Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A]Its ruling complies with the court decisions.[B]It involves a very big business transaction.[C]It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.[D]It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28.The word“about-face”(Para.3)most probably means[A]loss of goodwill.[B]increase of hostility.[C]change of attitude.[D]enhancement of dignity.29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A]are immune to legal challenges.[B]are often unnecessarily issued.[C]lower the esteem for patent holders.[D]increase the incidence of risks.30.Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A]A looming threat to business-method patents.[B]Protection for business-method patent holders.[C]A legal case regarding business-method patents.[D]A prevailing trend against business-method patents.Text3In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that“social epidemics”are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,whoare unusually informed,persuasive,or well connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the“two-step flow of communication”:Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those select people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don’t seem to be required at all.The researchers’argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.They found that the principal requirement for what is called“global cascades”—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics.[B]discuss influentials’function in spreading ideas.[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to socialepidemics.[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the“two-step-flow theory”[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems.[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends.[C]has won support from influentials.[D]requires solid evidence for its validity.33.What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A]the power of influence goes with social interactions.[B]interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media.[C]influentials have more channels to reach the public.[D]most celebrities enjoy wide media attention.34.The underlined phrase“these people”in Paragraph4refers to the ones who[A]stay outside the network of social influence.[B]have little contact with the source of influence.[C]are influenced and then influence others.[D]are influenced by the initial influential.35.What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted.[B]The impulse to influence others.[C]The readiness to be influenced.[D]The inclination to rely on others.Text4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.Behind the scenes,they have been taking aim at someone else:the accounting standard-setters.Their rules,moanthe banks,have forced them to report enormous losses,and it’s just not fair.These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay,not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately,banks’lobbying now seems to be working.The details may be unknowable,but the independence of standard-setters,essential to the proper functioning of capital markets,is being compromised.And,unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress,America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)rushed through rule changes.These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statements.Bob Herz,the FASB’s chairman,cried out against those who“question our motives.”Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls“the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)do likewise.The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning,but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.Charlie McCreevy,a European commissioner,warned the IASB that it did“not live in a political vacuum”but“in the real world”and the Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet,with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses,because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets,not the likely extent of bad debts.The truth will not be known for years. But banks’shares trade below their book value,suggesting that investors are skeptical.And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses,yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again,losses must be recognized and dealt with.America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters.The FASB and IASB have been exactly that,cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions,for example,against hostility from special interests.But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36.Bankers complained that they were forced to[A]follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules.[B]collect payments from third parties.[C]cooperate with the price managers.[D]re-evaluate some of their assets.37.According to the author,the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the diminishing role of management.[B]the revival of the banking system.[C]the banks’long-term assetlosses.[D]the weakening of its independence.38.According to Paragraph4,McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A]keep away from political influences.[B]evade the pressure from their peers.[C]act on their own in rule-setting.[D]take gradual measures in reform.39.The author thinks the banks were“on the wrong planet”in that they[A]misinterpreted market price indicators.[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets.[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness.[D]sympathy.Part BDirections:For questions41-45,choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text.Paragraph E has been correctly placed.There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) [A]The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out;theconsumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about32percent of total consumption in1995to35percent in2000and is expected to approach38percent by 2005.This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by4to 5percent a year across Europe,compared with growth in retail demand of1to2percent.Meanwhile,as the recession is looming large,people are getting anxious.They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B]Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill,leaving Europeangrocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow.Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce,with limited success,and expansion abroad.But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard:the wholesale food and drink trade,which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C]Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market?Definitely not.The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers.In other words,it is up to the buyer,rather than the seller,to decide what to buy.At any rate,this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers,regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D]All in all,this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply theirgigantic scale,existing infrastructure,and proven skills in the management of product ranges,logistics,and marketing intelligence.Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby.At least,that is how it looks as a whole.Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets,especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures,as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories.Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors.New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E]Despite variations in detail,wholesale markets in the countries that have been closelyexamined—France,Germany,Italy,and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks.Demand comes mainly from two sources:independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which,unlike large retail chains,are too small to buy straight from producers,and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home.Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures,but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”:hotels,restaurants,and cafés.Overall,Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market,but the figures,when added together,mask two opposing trends.[F]For example,wholesale food and drink sales came to $268billion in France,Germany,Italy,Spain,and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40percent of retail sales.Moreover,average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail;wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often;and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G]However,none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large foodproducers and existing wholesalers)from trying their hand,for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.→42.→43.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)→44.→E →45.41.One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value.Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and,if its stability depends on its integrity,they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and,if we happen to love it,we invent excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of the century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today.We have no land ethic yet,(47)but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right,regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.(48)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species.Here again,the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community,and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of a benefit,real or fancied,to itself.Some species of trees have been“read out of the party”by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly,or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.(49)In Europe,where forestry is ecologically more advanced,the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community,to be preserved as such,within reason.Moreover,some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility.The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species,ground flora,and fauna is taken for granted.To sum up:a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(50)It tends to ignore,and thus eventually to eliminate,many elements in the land community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning.It assumes, falsely,that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.SectionⅢWritingPart A51.Directions:You are supposed to write for the Postgraduates’Association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization.The notice should include the basic qualifications for applicants and the other information which you think is relevant.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Postgraduates’Association”instead. (10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET2.(20points)2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.”But1some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical ughter does2short-term changes in the function of the heart and itsblood vessels,3heart rate and oxygen consumption.But because hard laughter is difficult to 4,a good laugh is unlikely to have5benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.6,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the7.Studies dating back to the1930s indicate that laughter8muscles,decreasing muscle tone for up to45minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help9the effects of psychological stress.Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of10feedback that improve an individual's emotional state.11one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted 12physical reactions.It was argued at the end of the19th century that humans do not cry13 they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also14tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow15muscular responses.In an experiment published in1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to16a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips,which would produce a(n)17 expression.Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles18more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,19that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.20,the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable6.[A]In turn[B]In fact[C]In addition[D]In brief7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected。