World+Smart+Energy+Week+2013+东京现场直击系列报导三
《僵尸世界大战(2013)》完整中英文对照剧本
这里是JTL早间新闻This is J.T.L. Morning News.我是霍莉·查德威克This is Holly Chadwick.感谢您的收听Thanks for joining us.今早我们为您准备了精彩的广播We have a great show in store for you this morning.很高兴在演播室伴您度过这美妙的清晨Well, it's a great morning to be in the studio.当局已确认禽流感爆发的消息属实Authorities have confirmed an avian flu outbreak.天气预报多云Forecast, cloudy skies...早安布莱顿早间播报Good morning. Reporting from Brighton.如果病毒变异后This will be a different scenario能在人与人之间传播情况可就不同了if the virus changes in a way that allows transmission between humans. 那开始吧So, let's get started.今日又发生一起海豚集体搁浅事件Yet again today, another group of dolphins became stranded.海豚搁浅研究人员仍无法解释其原因■二氧化碳排放量突然提高到...CO2 emissions have dramatically increased in...目前就您所知有什么实质性的威胁吗Are there any real threats that you know of?完全没有Not at all.环保人士正试图鉴定其死因Environmentalists are trying to determine the cause of death.在六级警戒下At alert level six,世界卫生组织向政♥府♥提出行动方针W.H.O. guidelines for governments...这袜子太可爱了我喜欢Your socks are so cute! I like them.警方表示近期已发生多起Police say they've seen similar cases recently市民举止怪异的案例of people behaving strangely.联♥合♥国♥卫生署建议政♥府♥ The U.N. Health Agency is not likely发布旅游限制声明的可能性不大to recommend official travel restrictions.这让人觉得有些不安It's a little bit unsettling.他们既不是物理学家也不是工程师They're not physicists. They're not engineers.他们觉得它自己会渐渐销声匿迹They think it's just gonna go away.他们以为自己活在美好的异次元空间里吧They live in a fantasy parallel universe.骑在那个人身上殴击对方Right on top of the man, beating him.那个人在流血The man is bleeding.21例确诊病例Twenty-one confirmed cases.所有称其为世界末日的言论都荒谬至极All the talk about a doomsday is a big hoax.感染者朝其发出怒吼The subject growled at him并继续对受害者进行撕咬and continued to maul the victim.保守估计英国有15000例The best estimate is about 15,000 in the U.K.目前并不知道该病是否在蔓延We don't know if this is spreading.事态仍在变化Rhythms of change...目前为止没有相关迹象So far there's no manifestation.监察团已到达甚至...Monitors have arrived, even carrying them...由于如此多的民众受到威胁我们不能...With that much public at risk, we cannot...僵尸世界大战他们要我们离开They're trying to move us on,并试图说服媒体不要介入trying to tell the journalists to get out.醒醒Wake up!怪兽爬上♥床♥来了Oh, creatures in our bed...别睡了No sleeping!你越来越重了Oh, you're getting very big.-早餐想吃什么 -薄饼- What do you want to eat? - Pancakes!今天风和日丽We got a lot more sunshine today.你只能说一个词You have to only say one word.对了生日想要什么礼物Hey, by the way, what do you want for your birthday? 要一只小狗Say a puppy.小狗狗A puppy.毛绒玩具小狗狗吗You mean a stuffed animal puppy?那个咱家可以接受Because that we can do.快吃吧Scootch it.早上好看上去很好吃哦Good morning. That looks yummy.她吃那块大的吗She gets the bigger one?-是的对不起 -她太瘦了- Yeah, sorry. - She's tiny.你的吸入器带了吗Did you pack your inhaler?在洗手间水槽旁边Bathroom sink.-等会儿拿行吗 -快去去吧- In a minute? -Scootch! Go.当地政♥府♥发布了戒♥严♥令The government has declared martial law.爸爸戒♥严♥令是什么啊Daddy, what's martial law?戒♥严♥令就像家规一样但用来约束大家Martial law is like house rules, but for everybody.你以前去过电视上这种地方工作吗Were you ever in places like that with your old job?但我辞职回家来陪你们了But I quit my old job so I could be with you.你怀念你以前的工作吗Do you miss it?不我更喜欢我的新工作No, I like my new job.但你除了早上烙饼就没其它事情了All you do is make pancakes in the morning!没错但我烙的饼很好吃Yeah, but I'm really good at it.瞧瞧我找到谁了Look who I found!12号♥列车来喽Here comes the number 12 train!难道是地铁山姆鼠It's not Subway Sam, is it?再来点儿薄饼吗You want more pancakes?好Good.走吧走吧快去Go, go, go. Come on, scootch!-至少先...-快出去- At least... - Move it on out.回来把盘子放到水槽里Hey! Plates in the sink!-一会儿再放 -回家再说吧- Later! - Do that when we get back!宾夕法尼亚州费城它住在丛林里吗Does it live in the jungle?不No.礼拜日的时候会吃它吗Do you eat it on Sundays?不No.它生活在非洲大平原上吗Does it live on the Great Plains of Africa?-是的 -我猜是的- Yeah. - Oh, well, I guess, yeah.人们会把它圈养一辈子最后宰了吃肉吗Do people keep it in pens all its life and harvest it for meat?-真恶心 -太恶心了- That's really gross! - Gross!爸爸Dad!是用来当宠物养的吗Is it an animal you'd have for a pet?-是的 -是猫吗- Yes. - Is it a cat?对Yes.-我又想到一个了 -再猜一个- Okay, now we have another one. - Do another one.你总算猜对一个了You totally got one!天上怎么有那么多直升机Why are there so many?这五分钟都飞过去三架了吧It's like, three in the last five minutes.发生什么事了What is going on?世界卫生组织正对近期The World Health Organization has been在台♥湾♥爆发并扩散至超过12个国家的tracking the recent outbreak of rabies that began in Taiwan狂犬病进行追踪调查and has now been reported in over 12 countries,以回应社会对其防疫不力的指责responding to allegations it hasn't done enough to prevent the spread... 换到英国广播公♥司♥行吗Can we try BBC?你已经不是英国人了亲爱的You're not British anymore, baby.你的口音早就消失了You lost your accent a long time ago.除了喝醉的时候Except after two bottles of wine.我算英国人吗Am I British?算你奶奶就是英国人Yeah, your grandma is.他就这么开走了吗爸爸He's just gonna keep going, Daddy?你们坐这儿等着Hold on, guys.爸爸注意安全Daddy, be careful on the road.没事的宝贝It's okay, baby.一般是通过被感染生物的撕咬Can be transmitted between species在不同物种间传播commonly from a bite from an infected animal.我们建议您远离人口密集地区Our best recommendation is to stay away from densely populated areas. 哥们儿还好吗Hey, yo! You all right?没事谢谢关心Yeah, I'm okay. Thanks.-要帮忙吗 -不知道怎么回事吗- You need anything? - No. You know what's going on?不伙计我也一头雾水No, man, I don't know anything.太疯狂了It's crazy.杰瑞Gerry?立马回到车里Get back in your car right now!留在车里Remain with your ve...你要干什么What are we doing?跟着这车出去That's our way out of here.我要我的毯子I want my blanket!宝贝毯子在包里呢Baby, it's packed right now.先抱会儿地铁山姆鼠好吗Snuggle with Subway Sam, okay?我要毯子My blanket!小蕾Rach?蕾切尔宝贝你得坐回座位上去Rachel, baby, you've got to get back in your seat.-宝贝快坐回去 -系上安全带- Baby, we need you in your seat. - Put your belt on! 蕾切尔快坐回去Rachel, right now!-杰瑞 -小蕾系上安全带- Gerry? - Rach, get your belt back on!-你没事吧 -你还好吗- You okay? - You okay?蕾切尔亲爱的Rachel, sweetheart?蕾切尔你受伤了吗Rachel, you hurt?-康妮 -没受伤吧没事了- Connie? - Are you okay? It's okay.我们得赶紧出去We should get out.大家都从车里出去Everybody out of the car.我们得立马出城We've got to get out of the city.她这边的门打不开蕾切尔从那边出去Her door won't open! Rachel, go out that side.好了你得爬过来亲爱的Okay, you have to climb over, honey.让开Out of the way!快走Move it!来亲爱的快过来Come on, honey. Come on.亲爱的你还好吗Sweetheart, are you okay?走咱们得离开街道Let's go. Let's get off the street.那是什么杰瑞那是什么东西What is that, Gerry? What is that?我不知道I don't know!上那辆房♥车Get to the RV.地铁山姆鼠Subway Sam!12号♥列车来喽一Here comes the number 12 train! One. 二Two.-怎么了 -三- What's happening? - Three.四Four.五Five.六Six.七Seven.八Eight.九Nine.十Ten.十一Eleven.十二Twelve.列车到站啦Train's in the station!Gerry!小心Watch out!我们正从第五大街撤退We're pulling back on Fifth Street!围堵行动失败了Containment is a fail.试着放松Try to relax.缓慢呼吸Give yourself air.吸气呼气In and out.别紧张宝贝放松下来Come on, baby, try to relax.杰瑞我的提包落车里了Gerry? We left my purse in the car.备用的药在哪儿Where's her spare?我在你包里找找好吗I'm gonna go check your backpack, all right?你来陪陪她吧Do you want to be with her?小蕾没事了你会没事的Rach, you'll be all right. You're gonna be all right.用鼻子吸气Hey, hey, you breathe through your nose.小蕾小蕾看着我看着我Rach, Rach, look at me. Look at me.你会没事的You're gonna be all right.这种情况你都经历无数次了You've done this a hundred times.看着我看着我Look at me. Look at me.用鼻子吸气从嘴巴呼出Breathe in through your nose, out through your mouth. 好吧我们得找家药店出发吧Okay, we're gonna go to a pharmacy. We gotta move. 好吧好的好的好的Good. Good. Good.看着我看着我小蕾用鼻子吸气Look at me, look at me. Rach, breathe through your nose.不不不No, no, no, no...你会没事的You're gonna be all right.-看着我 -爸爸那些是什么东西- Look at me. - Daddy, what are those things?亲爱的去帮我们找些水好吗Honey, find us some water. Okay?找些能喝的Something to drink.蒂埃里打来的It's Thierry.你在哪儿Where are you?在天上海龟湾东岸下部Airborne. Lower East Side to Turtle Bay.纽约州纽约所有地方都沦陷了我们差点没逃出来It's all gone. We barely made it out.-让他往南走 -不我们得亲眼证实- Tell him to go south. - No, no, we need visual confirmation. 不不不No, no, no, no, no, no, no.到底发生了什么What is this?我们也不清楚你和感染者接触过吗We don't know. How close were you?几乎面对面了Face to face.好的亲爱的很好Good, honey, good.爸爸Daddy.康妮把那个给我Connie, give me that.把那个给我谢谢亲爱的Give me that. Oh, thank you, honey.你在哪儿Where are you?95号♥公路正在向北走95, heading north.好的好的Okay. Okay.好的我们会派一架直升机去接你All right. We'll try to get a helicopter to you.我回电时会告诉你撤离点I'll call you back with an extraction point.你能再坚持一个小时吗Can you hold out for another hour?我们有得选吗Do we have a choice?我可不是念我们的交情才救你老朋友This is not for old time's sake, my friend.我需要你I'll need you.我需要你回来I need you back.别把我们忘了Don't forget about us.波士顿已经沦陷了吗What do you mean, we've lost Boston?祝你好运杰瑞All right. Good luck, Gerry.好吧Okay.很好宝贝继续呼吸会没事的Good, honey. Keep it going. It's gonna be all right. 新泽西州纽瓦克市-过来跟紧我 -千万要跟紧- Come here. Stay close. - Super close.抓住我的手Take my hand.你去拿药我去拿吃的Get her medicine, I'll get us something to eat.等会在这儿集♥合♥I'll meet you back here.跟紧我宝贝Stay close, honey.你要什么What do you need?舒喘宁[哮喘药物]Albuterol.这药对哮喘应该有用They outgrow the asthma supposedly.这个也拿着吧这药对我家孩子很管用And this shit, too. It's magic for my kid.谢谢Thank you.-爸爸 -康妮- Daddy! - Connie?爸爸Daddy!-康妮 -爸爸- Connie? - Daddy!-妈妈在哪儿 -杰瑞- Where's Mommy? - Gerry!杰瑞Gerry!卡琳Karin?-卡琳 -杰瑞杰瑞- Karin? - Gerry! Gerry!放开我放开我我只有这点东西Get off of me! Get off of me! That's all I have.杰瑞Gerry!杰瑞Gerry.华盛顿公园出现多个入侵者Multiple 11-99s at Washington Park.请求增援我们在往里德大街撤退Please, send units. We're falling back on Reed Street. 2R12 需要支援Two Robert 12, units need backup.移♥动♥指挥中心已被攻占请回复Mobile ops is down. Please respond.2R12 你在听吗请回复Two Robert 12, are you there? Copy.-孩子们 -应答机代码3 代码3- Girls! - Responders, Code 3, Code 3.蕾切尔快快走Rachel, quick, come on.不No.不No!我们得离开这儿不能留在大街上We got to get out of here. We got to get off the street.杰瑞Gerry.要去公♥寓♥吗Apartments?走吧Hey. Yeah.-杰瑞 -我们在纽瓦克- Gerry? - We're in Newark.我们被困在这里了We're stranded.23号♥大街公♥寓♥楼Apartment buildings, 23rd.如果我们能去楼顶你能派人来接吗If we can get to the roof, can you get someone to us?-今晚不行 -那什么时候- Not tonight. - When?最早也得黎明The earliest would be sunrise.黎明Sunrise.告诉他我有照明弹Tell him I got flares.我们会带着照明弹去楼顶We'll be on the roof with flares.杰瑞我无论如何也会把你们救出来Listen, Gerry, I will move mountains to get you out here. 过来宝贝Come here, baby.跑跑快跑Go! Go! Go!-宝贝到这儿来 -快快点- Baby, in here! - Come on. Quick!杰瑞Gerry!进去孩子们Inside, girls!走楼梯进去进去By the stairs. Inside, inside!等等Wait!等等Wait.快上去没事的宝贝Up, up. It's okay, baby.跑快跑蕾切尔Run! Run! Go, Rachel!快走Go!快走Go!接着跑宝贝Keep running, baby.-没事的 -去顶楼- It's all right. - To the top.快快Go! Go!快Go!快跑Run!快快快走Go! Go! Go! Go!我要点一支新的照明弹I need a new flare!这个混♥蛋♥快挤过来了This asshole's about to get through! 康妮哪儿去了康妮Where's Connie? Connie?-康妮 -康妮- Connie? - Connie!-让我进去 -康妮- Let me in! - Connie!-宝贝 -那不是她不是的- Baby? - It's not her. It's not her.-让我进去 -康妮- Let me in! - Connie!让我进去Let me in!进去进去In, in, in! In!非常感谢你们Thank you so much.-我叫托马斯 -你好托马斯- I'm Tomas. - Hey, Tomas.我妈把所有吃的都煮熟了怕它们变质My mom's cooking everything before it starts to stink. 真聪明That's smart.你们没事吧You guys all right?没事了It's all right.没事了It's okay.你们饿了吗Are you guys hungry?饿了麻烦你了Yes, thank you.-给 -谢谢- Here you go. - Thank you.谢谢Thank you.要喝点果汁吗You want some juice?下则消息The following message应新泽西州警署的请求is transmitted at the request进行播报of the New Jersey State Police Department.当局建议公众Authorities recommend that the following actions采取以下措施should be taken by all the members of the public.尽可能留在室内Stay indoors if at all possible.储备一至两周的食物和水Have enough food and water supplies for sheltering以供避难for one to two weeks.下则消息应新泽西州警署的请求The following message is transmitted at the request进行播报of the New Jersey State Police Department.一种未知病毒正在An unidentified virus strain is rapidly新泽西州迅速蔓延spreading across the state of New Jersey.她刚刚在哭She was crying.谢谢你汤米Thanks, Tommy.我以前工作的地方很危险I used to work in dangerous places只有转移才能存活如果不转移的话and people who moved survived, and those who didn't... 转移才能存活跟我们一起走会更有可能活下来You have a better chance if you come with us.你们走之前还需要什么吗You need anything else before you leave?好走走Okay. Come on. Come on.我们该和他们一起走没有地方可去要是没吃的了怎么办好快走Okay, come on.我好害怕I'm scared.康妮楼顶上有架直升机在等我们Connie, there's a helicopter waiting for us on the roof. 要跟紧爸爸妈妈好吗Keep your eyes on Mommy and Daddy, okay?要像忍♥者一样安静Be ninja quiet.很容易做到的Just a walk in the park.他们一定会来吗How do we know they're coming?一定会来的They're coming.准备好了吗Ready?好我们走吧Okay, come on, guys.快走快走Come on! Come on!上去上去Up, up, up.快走宝贝Come on, baby.快快快Go, go, go!-快走宝贝 -快走快走- Come on, baby! - Go, go!快走孩子们杰瑞Go, girls! Gerry!快啊杰瑞Come on. Gerry!孩子们到后面来Girls, get back!当心Watch out!-快走 -快快走- Go! - Go, go, go!快走快点孩子们Come on, faster, girls!中尉没有看到联络信♥号♥♥ Lieutenant, I've got no contact.重复无联络信♥号♥♥I say again, no contact.快走快走Let's go, let's go!卡琳Karin!卡琳Karin!走这扇门Go through the door!杰瑞Gerry?看到了发现联络信♥号♥♥ There they are! Ace, we have positive contact. 我们要接的人在那儿把直升机降下去That's our target! Get us down!爸爸Daddy!-爸爸 -宝贝回来- Daddy! - Baby, get back.爸爸Daddy!杰瑞Gerry?-杰瑞你要干嘛 -退后- Gerry, what? - Stay back!亲爱的不要Baby! No!One thousand seven.One thousand eight.爸爸快下来Daddy, get off the edge!-杰瑞求你了 -1010- Gerry, please? - One thousand ten.One thousand eleven.僵尸血滴到我嘴里了I got it in my mouth.你没事你没事You're okay. You're okay.走快走Go! Go!快走快走Come on. Come on.快走快走Let's go! Let's go!快快走我们走Come on, let's go! We got to go!你抓紧她了吗You got her?快走快走快走Let's go, let's go, let's go!已起飞飞行高度5700英尺Traffic en route, altitude 5-7 thousand.-航向250 -右转- Heading 250. - Turn right,航向改为075heading 075, once clear.飞行高度保持在四千以下Remain below 4,000.准备降落航向040Clear to land, heading 040,风向060 风力五级wind 060 at five.联♥合♥国♥指挥舰美国♥军♥舰阿格斯号♥ 听从信♥号♥♥员的指挥立即清场Follow L.S.O. Directions. Prep for immediate dust off.大西洋纽约以东200英里处杰瑞Gerry.谢谢Thank you.见到你真高兴伙计Good to see you, my friend.探戈五号♥ 这里是阿格斯指挥处Tango five, this is Argus command.准备起飞Cleared for take-off.探戈五号♥ 明白Tango five. Wilco.卡琳右边Karin, to the right.这真不错对吧This is good, right?上下铺Bunk beds!你们的床铺是二号♥ 三号♥和六号♥Your bunk beds are number two, three and six.当在自己家就行了Please make yourself at home.想躺上去吗You want to get up here?-躺好了亲爱的 -真棒- There you go, sweetheart. - That's good.我们会不断移♥动♥船舰We're not dropping anchor again.你安全了You're safe.我担心的不是我自己It's not me I'm worried about.他们也很安全They're safe.亲爱的Baby.这可比我们72大街上的旧公♥寓♥要宽敞It's bigger than our old apartment on 72nd.需要点什么吗卡琳Need anything, Karin?水Water.我会找人送来I'll organize.全世界都变这样了吗Is this worldwide?有没那么严重的地方吗Is anyone doing better than we are?宝贝你们换个地方聊Baby. Go talk somewhere else.好的Okay.总统死了The President is dead.六个参谋长死了四个副总统失踪了Four of six Joint Chiefs. V.P. missing.报道称首都的街道发生枪战Reports of gun battles in the streets of the capital.你的人都很恐慌Your parties are panicking.大城市更糟The bigger cities are the worst off.要运输人员和物资空运最好The airlines were the perfect delivery system.嘉年华游轮梦想号♥被批准加入Carnival cruise vessel Dream has been given permission to join. 位于南面27海里正在接近Twenty seven knots south and closing.被攻击后多久会出现症状How soon are they showing symptoms after contact?临时政♥府♥目前认定The provisional government currently considers明尼苏达州北部有可能是安全区northern Minnesota to be a potential safe zone.是否出现过Have you recorded any instance人类被攻击但未感染的实例where a person was bitten but not infected?我怎么会知道俄♥罗♥斯♥有没有沦陷How the hell do I know if Russia's fallen?长官我无法执行该命令Sir, I cannot action that order.上校抱歉我们无法Colonel, I'm sorry, but we cannot facilitate疏散您和您的手下an evacuation for you or your men.长官已经没有可供您撤离的地方了Sir, there is nowhere to evacuate you to.营养不良饮用水被污染Malnutrition. Dirty water.没有可供过冬或交通运输的燃料No gas for the winter or transportation.没有子弹作战No bullets to fight.而且这种病已经扩散至全球的每一个角落And it has spread to all corners of the globe.我们必须要解决的问题是The question that we have got to address is它到底是什么what the hell is it?大约5%的人不会立即受到感染About 5% of the population aren't affected immediately.是病毒引起的肯定是病毒引起的It is viral. It has to be viral.没有其他的可能There is no plausible alternative.无论是什么病毒一旦找出病毒来源And like any virus, once we find its origin,就能研制出相应的疫苗we can develop a vaccine.找到它就能控制住疫情We find it, contain it...那位是法斯巴克博士That's Dr. Fassbach.来自哈佛的病毒学家Virologist from Harvard.我觉得历史上最相似的案例The analogy I keep coming back to是西班牙流感is Spanish Flu.西班牙流感?Spanish Flu?它1918年时还不存在It didn't exist in 1918,但到了1920年but by 1920,它夺去了全球3%的人的性命it killed 3% of the world.他最有可能找出病源He's our best bet at figuring out what this thing is.你们跟我看的是同一封邮件You all read the same email I did,上面说的是"僵尸"and it said "Zombies."你疯了吗Are you completely out of your mind?"僵尸"这个词So, the earliest mention of the word "Zombie",汉弗莱营驻韩的美国♥军♥营最早出现在韩国汉弗莱营的备忘录里was in a memo from Camp Humphreys in South Korea. 之后我们就联♥系♥不上他们了We haven't had contact with them since.但这很有可能帮我们找出病源But this could lead us to the origin.要是知道了病源If we knew where this thing started,我们就有机会研制出疫苗来控制疫情then we'd have a chance of developing a vaccine to stop it. 所以我们派法斯巴克博士去那里寻找源头So we send in Dr. Fassbach there to look for the source.他还是个孩子He's just a kid.没错You're right.全体起立Attention on deck!稍息At ease!副秘♥书♥长♥先生Mr. Under-Secretary.副秘♥书♥长♥说The Under-Secretary here says你还在联♥合♥国♥时是他最好的侦查员you were his best investigator when you were at the U.N.我想派你去带上一个小队I want to send you in. With a team.帮助法斯巴克博士找到他所需的Help Dr. Fassbach find whatever it is he needs.你带我来...You brought...我想让你亲眼看到情况有多么紧急I wanted for the circumstances to speak for themselves.不行No.舰长我不是你的人Captain, I'm not your guy.你上过利比里亚内战的战场You were on the ground during the Liberian Civil War.调查过车♥臣♥的战争罪行Investigated Chechen war crimes.还有07年的斯里兰卡事件Sri Lanka in '07.我和你都心知肚明Places you and I both know,法斯巴克博士在这些地方无法活过一晚Dr. Fassbach wouldn't last a night in.杰瑞海豹突击队会保障你们的安全Gerry, a handful of SEALs will go with you as security force. 不行No.我的人会护送你进去你协助博士My guys will get you in, you assist the doctor,顺藤摸瓜找到病源后就会带你们离开pursue any leads, my guys will get you out.粗活我们来干We do the heavy lifting.我帮不了你我不能离开我的家人I can't help you. I can't leave my family.看看四周莱恩先生Take a look around here, Mr. Lane.在这里的每一个人Each and every one of these people都有任务在身are here because they serve a purpose.这里容纳不下旁观者There's no room here for non-essential personnel.有一大堆人在排队等铺位There's a long line of people waiting for one of those bunks. 想要帮助你的家人You want to help your family,那就来想想怎么阻止疫情let's figure out how we stop this.你自己选择莱恩先生It's your choice, Mr. Lane.很好选Simple.你已经不再为他们工作了You don't work for them anymore.卡琳Karin.你也许忘了这份工作带给你的伤害You might not remember what this job did to you,但我记得but I do.所以别指望我同意So do not ask me to say yes to this.我必须要去I have to go.不然他们就会赶我们下船They're going to kick us off the ship.什么What?如果我去了你和孩子们就能留下来If I go, you, the girls, Tommy, have a place to stay.不然今晚我们就得回费城If I don't, we're back in Philly tonight.蒂埃里呢他不能做点什么吗What about Thierry? Can't he do anything?蒂埃里已经做不了主了Men like Thierry aren't in charge of anything anymore. 这个你收好You keep this with you.我会每天打一次给你I'll call in once a day.只要我打了就证明一切都好As long as I make that call, everything's gonna be okay. 我会回来的I'm coming back.好吗我们一定会尽力而为Okay? We're going to make the best of it.就像我们那样As we do.就像我们那样Like we do.小宝宝爸爸要去工作了Okay, baby doll, Daddy's got to go to work.我不是宝宝I'm not a baby.好吧Okay.又高又漂亮的小大人Tall, beautiful, tiny adult.我很快就回来I'll be back soon.好吗Yeah?好了猛♥男♥All right, tough guy.帮我照顾好女士们好吗Take care of the ladies for me?好的Yeah.一言为定Deal.你很了不起You're awesome.爸爸很快就回来了Daddy's coming back.这边请先生This way, sir.联♥系♥人家联♥系♥人杰瑞我们不知道那边是什么情况Look. We don't know what we're walking into. 所以我们就按他们说的做So we do what they say. Okay.他们动我们就动If they move, we move.他们停我们也停If they stop, we stop.假如事态失控If things were to get crazy,就紧跟他们的脚步just focus on their boots,听他们指挥这样我们就没事了focus on their voices, and we'll be all right.这些人就跟铁锤一样These guys are hammers.视一切为眼中钉And to hammers, everything looks like nails. 我听到了I heard that.我故意让你听到的You were meant to.你看到重要的东西So, you see something that's important,就说出来我们会帮你搞定的you call it out and we'll make it happen.好的Okay.你觉得此行会有收获吗You think we're gonna find anything?是的Yeah.我们会有收获的Yeah, we're gonna find something.大自然是个连环杀手Mother Nature is a serial killer.没有人能比得上她No one's better.她更具创造力More creative.不过像所有连环杀手一样But like all serial killers,她也会忍♥不住想要被发现she can't help the urge to want to get caught.要是罪魁祸首不现身What good are all those brilliant crimes,再完美的犯罪又有何意义if no one takes the credit?所以她留下了面包屑So she leaves crumbs.最难的也是你通过十年寒窗学会的Now, the hard part, why you spend a decade in school, 就是发现面包屑留下的线索is seeing the crumbs for the clues they are.有时候你认为是Sometimes the thing you thought,病毒最凶残的一面was the most brutal aspect of the virus,恰好就是它的要害所在turns out to be the chink in its armor.她喜欢将弱点掩饰成强项And she loves disguising her weaknesses as strengths. 她就是个贱♥人♥She's a bitch.请注意华盛顿已沦陷Attention. D.C. has gone dark.重复华盛顿已沦陷I repeat, D.C. has gone dark.国会大厦的疏散工作已经暂停The Capitol evacuation has been suspended.请将所有可用的物资All available resources运往诺福克海军基地should be directed to Naval Station Norfolk.所有身份为F6的非必要人员All non-essential personnel given F-6 status,你们已被分为A到E五组and in groups A through E请到飞行甲板报到准备转移need to report to the flight deck for relocation.转移到奥兰多的A组和B组人员Groups A and B relocating to Orlando should be请到舰尾集♥合♥ 勿靠近降落区on the stern clear of the landing zone.重复一遍所有身份为F6的I say again, all non-essential personnel非必要人员速到飞行甲板报到given F-6 status need to report to the flight deck.负责转移的直升机即将就位Choppers are inbound for immediate relocation.妈妈这是晚餐吗Mommy, is this dinner?是的宝贝Yes, sweetheart.这里的水味道很奇怪Water here tastes funny.是飞机燃料的味道小姑娘It's jet fuel, young lady.他开玩笑的He's joking.没开玩笑海水淡化装置过滤不掉燃料I wish. Desal has trouble filtering it out.或许是因为船上太多人了Probably because there's too many people on this ship. 大家快起来Everybody wake up.。
1HBM静电放电测试系统之二次电性过应力事件的形成与抑制
HBM靜電放電測試系統之二次電性過應力事件的形成與抑制作者Tom Meuse (1), Larry Ting (2), Joe Schichl (2), Robert Barrett (1), David Bennett (1), Roger Cline (2), Charvaka Duvvury (2), Michael Hopkins (1), Hans Kunz (2), JohnLeiserson (1), Robert Steinhoff (2)(1) Thermo Electron Corporation (2) Texas Instruments Inc.譯者何正江訊程實業股份有限公司目錄1.背景介紹2. 元件失效的描述和測試系統間的相互作用3. 異常尾波(trailing pulse)的發現4. 異常尾波(trailing pulse)形成的機制5. 測試系統的修改以抑制異常尾波(trailing pulse)6. 對於HBM測試標準改進之建議以及將來之挑戰7.結論HBM靜電放電測試系統之二次電性過應力事件的形成與抑制前言以往在人體帶電模型(Human Body Model，HBM)靜電放電測試系統中，未被偵測到的異常尾波(trailing pulse)，最近已被證實對於較先進技術下所製造出來的半導體產品，會在其閘極氧化層(gate oxide)部位產生預期之外的破壞。
此第二脈衝是由於放電繼電器以及充電電路寄生特性所共同引起的電性過應力(Electrical Over-Stress，EOS)自然現象。
本文件主要在探討此一重要現象以及建立測試系統如何來抑制異常尾波的機制。
1. 背景介紹自從1979年美國軍方首度制定人體帶電模型(Human Body Model，HBM)耐靜電測試標準MIL-STD-883 Method 3015以來許多商品化的HBM測試系統相繼在半導體工業界被採用。
纸牌屋--第3季第9集-字幕-对白-纯英文-看美剧学英语-打印-word版
Well, the president just saw me come.- You don't like my giraffe? - No.You know I'm divorced twiceand have a daughter in college, right?- It's on your Wikipedia page. - Wikipedia.Christ.I don't have any expectations.I never have, of anyone.You shouldn't either.How many events have we skipped today?Three so far.And we're about to skip a fourth.- All on the Telegraph's dime. - Hey, I'm a free agent. Means I'm free to bail on a speechI've already seen ten thousand times.You are entitled...- to nothing. - Stop.Let me be clear. I say, I say...Come here, boy.You are entitled...To nothing!Now, here's the truth: The American dream is broken. And when we are robbed of our dreams,well, let me ask you, folks, what are we left with? Nothing!And when I asked Congress to help me take this countryfrom a welfare state to a fully-employed nation,what did Congress do?Nothing!And when we proved that America Works actually works, when we created 50,000 jobs in Washington DC, Congress didn't just stop at nothing,they killed progress in its tracks.Believe me, I know how you feel.But we have to remember why we're here.We have to turn that anger into action.Ma'am, it's Secretary Durant,- she said it's urgent. - America Works will succeed,but we need your help.Hello?You need to let them know that a vote for Frank Underwood is a vote for America Works!A vote for Frank Underwood is a vote for America Works! Now, I had the great pleasureof meeting a woman this morning named Gloria.She has a degree from Iowa State Universityand even with her degree, she can't get employed.Now, why? Why is that the case?Becau-- My wife, ladies and gentlemen.I think what my wife is gentlytrying to tell me is that I've run overtime.She has a very clever nickname for me.- "Verbosity." - Yeah.Now, the main difference between Claire and me,aside from her stunning beauty, of course,is that she actually knows what that word means.Now, look, I would love to stay here all afternoonand answer all your questions,but then I'd leave all your friendsin Cedar Rapids waiting for meeven longer than they have and we don't want to do that.So I want to thank you all for coming out to see me today,to hear about this battle, this fight we're in.I want you to caucus for me,and let's help get Gloria a job!America Works only if you make it work!God bless Iowa! God bless the United States of America!- Thank you! - Underwood! Underwood! Underwood!An IED right off Route 90,three kilometers from the Jordan River.- When? - Thirty-six minutes ago.Russian unit was on patrol. Two armored vehicles were destroyed. - All eight troops were killed. - Who's Cathy spoken to?Foreign Minister hasn't returned her call.We have to make sure the Secretary General doesn't say anything until we have a better handle on this.Remy, I need to speak to Petrov immediately.I contacted the Kremlin. They said he'll reach out soon.We need the UN to investigate the blast site.The Russians have cordoned it off. They're not letting anyone in. - Why not? - We don't know.We had a unit nearby that heard the blast, went in to help.- Russians turned them away. - I don't like the feel of this. Cathy says the Israelis want to send in their own team.We can't let that happen.The second Israeli boots hit the ground--Remy, I don't care what you have to do,you get Petrov on the phone.We need to head this off at the pass.And make sure no one in Congress overreacts either.How was the game?Great, until my phone started blowing up.Let me see what you have so far.No.This is no good. The language is too obtuse.- Simpler. More direct. - Look, here's the deal:If the Russians don't play ball, the Israelis will get nervous.If the Israelis send troops in, the Palestinians will go apeshit.If the Palestinians go apeshit, there could be mortar attacks. And if there are mortar attacks, the whole peacekeeping mission - could go down the drain. - You want me to actually say that? God, no. We need to say the opposite.Look, make it as clear asthe doomsday scenario that I just described,but then flip it around and put a happy face on it.We can reschedule everything else,but I'm concerned about Harlan Traub.The IDP Chairman.And President of the Food Processors Association.He's big for us statewide.We were supposed to meet with him tonight.Well, this is a national security emergency.He hasn't met with Dunbar yet.If we cancel, she gets a clean shot at him.All right, so put him on the plane.FEC rules.Campaigning on Air Force One costs 179,000 an hour.- Aside from the message it sends-- - Alright. So I won't campaign.I won't have time anyway. Uh, just make him feel special.Give him some face time in Washington.Anything?Moryakov's office is giving me the runaround.An IED has killed eight Russian troopson patrol in the Jordan Valley.So far, no one has claimed responsibility for this attack.The only reaction from the Kremlin, a brief written statement from Foreign Minister Bugayev that reads, quote,"The perpetrators will be found and brought to justice." End quote. - Wheels up in 20 minutes. - I gotta grab my bags from my room. - Okay. Meet me out front. - We should take separate cars.A cab won't even get here before the plane takes off.You're coming with me.Yes, sir.Not a good day to play hooky.It's gonna be a late night here.It depends what Petrov does.So far, just incredibly loud silence.I gotta go, hon. Foreign Affairs is holding an emergency session.I love you, too.- I don't have much time. - Neither do I.Talking points.These make me uncomfortable.Even in a closed session, whatever I say will get out.- I'll take hits in Iowa. - You can't criticize the mission.We need you to keep everyone calm.You know how I feel about unnecessary military involvement. You asked to be on the ticket, Jackie.It's been non-stop resistance from the start.If you don't want to support the president,you shouldn't want to be his number two.I'm sick of pulling teeth.You're right. I'll do what I can.Jackie...I didn't mean to snap.I know it's hard having a presence hereand campaigning at the same time.I'm sure it's tough on Alan and the kids, too.Alan's been a big help, actually.I'm glad he's stepping up, giving you the support you need.I thought I would hate it, the whole marriage thing.But it's nice.When I can get home, everyone around the table.I even cook sometimes.- Badly, but they indulge me. - No.- I have my June Cleaver moments. - Apron and all?Don't push it.I can't remember the last time I had a home-cooked meal.- Session's about to start. - Yeah.I'll fill you in after.Tom.- Where have you been all day? - Sorry. Working on the book.I know we were supposed to have an opportunity to speak,- but obviously now, it's-- - Of course.Listen, you can come up and sit up front if you like.- I spoke to Claire about it. - I'm fine back here. Thanks. Okay.I need to know this passport lock is being lifted.Show me what you got.I'm tired of being strung along.- You have a location? - Yeah. But I want a timeline.- Week or two. - No.They've stopped giving me new assignments.That means they're getting ready to fuck me.It has to happen sooner than that.What are you doing?E-mailing a friend in Homeland.He always gets back to me quickly.You satisfied?Rachel.- It says Jane Doe. - No, it's her.It's her.She ghosted the identity of a girl named Rebecca Sands.The birthday's pretty close.It's August 1990, then she died in '93,along with her whole family.But her social went active about six months ago.But this doesn't say Rebecca Sands. It says Jane Doe.State troopers found her body in a ditch,in an abandoned construction site outside of Tucson.I mean, there's no-- There's no picture.There's no proof of anything."And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of Godby whom you were sealed for the day of redemption.Let all bitterness and wrath and angerand clamor and evil speaking be put away from you."No.- No, no. That's not her. - Come on, man. There's fingerprints. Fingerprints from the Tale of Two Cities book that you gave me.I ran it against the autopsy report.It was a ten-point match with Jane Doe.I need the passport lock lifted now.- I'm on it. - When will you be on it?- Soon. - Soon? How soon?As soon as I can!I did my part. Get the lock lifted.You've reached Seth Grayson.Leave a message, I'll get back to you.I need to see him.My mother died.Come on!Are you okay?Hey, man. What the fuck?Sorry.You believe this guy?You want to say it to her, shithead?Sorry. Okay, I'm sorry.- Drinks on me. - We don't want drinks, shithead.You need to get out of here. Tommy, this guy's trashed. Here. Drinks on me.No, no. We don't want drinks. We want you to leave. Come on. Just take it. I said I was sorry.- I don't give a shit. - Take it.No, he's apologizing. I'm telling you.Sorry.- Sorry! Sorry! Sorry! - I will bust your fucking face!- Calm down. Let me get you a cab. - Okay.Hello, everyone. I'm afraid I don't have much news.We are in touch, uh, with the Russians,but there's very few details.I'm waiting to speak with President Petrov.- Any reason for the delay? - He just lost eight soldiers.Talking to their families is his priorityas it would be mine.Do you think this could jeopardize the peacekeeping mission?Well, every country that contributed troopsknew that something like this was a possibility.But the Russians fought this plan hard.This gives Petrov the perfect out.I wouldn't presume to know what President Petrov is thinking.I'll know more once we have a chance to speak.What about Congress? They weren't fans of this mission.I'm gonna consult with congressional leadershipas soon as we get back.In the meantime, my focusis to help the Russians in any way that I can.How can you help them when they won't let anyone near the blast site? Well, that hasn't been confirmed.Unless, of course,you have better intelligence than the Pentagon.Thank you all very much. More soon.Israel wants to go public, blame Palestine for the attack. There's no evidence yet.Yes, well, the message is thatPalestine should be keeping its people in check.They've also moved 500 troops to a staging areaacross the border from Beit She'an.Christ. Try the Kremlin again, please.You try yawning?That works for you, not for me.What about some water? Sometimes that helps.I don't need water, I need a phone call.Maybe you should talk to Traubwhile you're waiting for that phone call.- You're not eating? - I'm not hungry.I think you don't like to fly.Holding onto that table like it's a stripper's tits.Harlan. I'm so sorry to keep you waiting.Please, don't get up. How's your lobster?It tastes like it was caught this morning.Well, it was. Nothing but the best for Air Force One. Sir, I know you have a million things on your mind,but I would just love to talk to you about how to modernize the food-processing industry in Iowa.Please, slit my wrists with his butter knife.We can't talk election on the plane, Harlan.That's an FEC no-no.This isn't about the campaign.We're talking about the economy, not the caucus. Right, Harlan? That's right.I'm sure you're aware, sir, that we lead the statesin corn and soybean production.It's a good thing, given the trend towards vegan.But our food-processing plants--- Well, the largest industry in Iowa. - That's correct.And they're slow on the uptake, sir.We need federal funding to help subsidize- the transition toward healthier-- - Mr. President.our call from Russia.Oh. I'm so sorry. I have to take this.But Harlan, we'll get into it, I promise.Viktor, it's a terrible tragedy, Mr. President.I feel for your loss.This is why your people were so persistent?So you could offer your sympathy?It's important that we talk.You're not letting anyone near the blast site.We're conducting our investigation.Well, is there anything wrong with allowing UN investigators to work in conjunction with your people?UN Command sent my men on that patrol,the most dangerous stretch of Route 90 in the entire valley.- And you sent my men. - Me? What are you talking about?You saw my men as expendable.Viktor, I don't personally oversee the peacekeeping forces, and you can't possibly thinkthat there was some deliberate attempt- to put your men in harm's way. - So I am to believe, what? That this was a random act of fate, yes?Listen, whoever's responsible,we can't let them foment distrust between us.If we do, then they win.Let's show them that an incident like this makes us stronger. Let us help you find out who did this.Russians are dead. Russia will find the killers.I don't understand why you're refusing our assistance. Because we don't need it.Well, can we at least keep the dialogue open?Consult with each other before you make any move?I'm going to do what I must, Mr. President.Viktor, please listen to me. We have--I'm sorry, Mr. President, but the line has been disconnected. He hung up on me.Cathy Durant, please.Baldwin was right.Those eight bodies give Petrov options.He's not shedding tears, he's popping champagne corks.I can hear them.Not here. Sir. Restroom's this way.Who was that? The guy who just came in?Didn't see him.I would've come to your office.This is the only room at the UN we don't monitor.- I'm assuming you don't either. - No, we haven't bugged it. - So we can speak openly. - I think we should.You talk. I'll listen.Palestine says it can't control Hamasif Israeli troops cross into the valley.We have to back channel this, Alexi.Petrov won't listen to Francis.Alexi, please. This whole thing, you can't let it devolve into something nobody can control.Well, maybe that was the objective.What was?The President... never wanted the peacekeeping mission. You said "Objective."Are you telling me this was somehow planned?I haven't said anything.But you want to.The whole world wants to know who is responsible.Your troops won't let anyone near the blast site. Because they don't want the world to know.My brother... he's in the FSB.We spoke a week ago. I haven't heard from him since.Are you absolutely certain about this?Alexi, go public.We'll protect you.Like you did Xander Feng?That was different.I have a family.The FSB has conducted these sorts of operations before. The apartment complex that blew up,车臣叛军则指控是俄秘密部门所为多数人死于未知毒气Petrov used that to justify invading Chechnya.The opera house that was gassed,he removed all provincial governors after that.We do believe the FSB participated in the first.We're still uncertain about the opera house.But blowing up his own soldiers,I find that very difficult to believe.Did he tell you point blank? Did he say the words?He said as much as he could.But the implication was crystal clear.I'm sure he was very convincing.All Russian diplomats go throughFSB counter-intel training.They're trying to provoke some sort of reaction out of us. But what about his brother?It is true that his brother works for the FSB,and that we lost track of him last week.That part of the story holds up.What's our profile on Moryakov?We have our agent who's been assigned to him, sir. Jim?Moryakov has been considered a bit of a wild card in Moscow.Petrov considered recalling him twice,but held off because his father's a family friend.Now, we picked up some chatter in recent months,his misgivings with how the Kremlin's been handling the Jordan Valley. But does he strike you as a traitor?He's a complicated man. Fiercely nationalistic.But he definitely has doubts about Petrov.Shouldn't we at least entertain the possibility?Yeah, but how can we determine itone way or the other? Definitively?Our satellites aren't enough.We'd have to get men to the blast site,retrieve soil samples and blast debris.How soon could we get a team in?I'd estimate 72 hours.Well, three days seems an awfully long time.Don't we already have the basics in place for deployment?That doesn't take into account the Russian forces.We'd want better intel before deploying.Am I correct in assuming that every hour that passes,our chances of retrieving any proof diminish?That is correct, sir.What's the absolute soonest you can deploy?Twelve hours, Mr. President.But that would involve an extremely high degree--Yeah, I'm aware of the risk, Admiral.What are the odds of success?Honestly, sir, without proper intelligence,I can't say better than 50/50.You're certain?Yes, I am.Let's put it in motion.- Mr. President? - Mark.Shouldn't the UN be conducting the investigationinstead of the Russians?The Russians have been our partnersin this mission from day one of deployment,so I would say that they're conducting their own investigation on behalf of the United Nations, not instead of.- Mr. President? - Sara.Is it correct to say thatthey are in no way reporting to UN Command?In peacekeeping missions, nations volunteer their forces.They answer to their own governments first and foremost,then they cooperate with the UN Command.That's an important distinction to make.Now, any other questions with respect to the Jordan Valleyshould be directed to the State Department.But if any of you have questionsthat don't relate to yesterday's events,I'll take one or two. Yeah, Stephanie.Mr. President, Kate and I both had a question.Thank you, Stephanie.Mr. President, are you aware, sir,that campaigning on Air Force One- is a violation of FEC rules? - Yes, in general, I am.Harlan Traub was on the plane yesterday.It's hard to imagine he was therefor any other reason than you'd be seeking his support in Iowa. You don't know how long I've known him,and yes, he was on the plane yesterday.But it's not a violation if you don't campaign, which I didn't.I think the extent of our conversationwas asking him how he liked his meal.But I'm happy to let the FEC decide.Now, does anybody else have any questionthat somebody else asked them to ask me?Where's Traub now?At the Hay-Adams. Should be here in an hour.It'd be bad if anyone saw him at the White House.Well, I don't even want him in DC now.The last thing we need is some bullshit FEC storywhile I'm trying to deal with the Russians.Let's get him back to Iowa. And you handle this.You have better people skills than Vaughn.And you talk to Baldwin.You make it crystal clear we violated no regulations. Sir? I got a voicemail from Doug last night.- He said his mom died. - My God, that's awful. Except Julia Stamper passed away ten years ago.I know, I was at the funeral.Send some flowers. Actually, get Doug in here.I'd like to give my condolences in person.There's a whole host of wayswe can revolutionize food processing in Iowa through America Works.The subsidies you want for R and D- can be financed as a jobs-- - You don't have to do this. - Do what? - Sweet talk me.And a cab would've been fine.I wanted to drive to the airport myselfso we had a chance to talk about your concerns. Well, I'm used to talking to candidates, not chauffeurs. I'm not a chauffeur.Well, it's your hands on the wheel.Seth?Shit.Registration and insurance, please.I'm sorry, officer. I left my wallet at work. Registration? Proof of insurance?- In my wallet. - You're supposed to keep it in the car.Yeah. But if someone steals your car, why give 'em the paperwork? All right,I'm gonna need you to step out of the car for a moment, please. Officer, my name is Remy Danton.I'm Chief of Staff to the president.Without your identification, sir, I don't know who you are.- Got my government pin. - That doesn't matter, sir.I still need to see your identification.Would you step out of the car, please?Officer, you run a search on Remy Danton, you'll get my photo. Sir, I asked you to step out of the car. Please.- Any weapons on you? - Of course not.All right. You mind stepping to the rear of the vehicle, please?I'm gonna pat you down, just to make sure.Feet back.Car comes back to a Virginia corporation, no address.I'm cleared Top Secret, my information is masked.Sir, I need you to stay here for a moment, please.- What do you got? - No address on file.- Why'd you stop me? - One moment, sir.No, not one moment.I got the right to know why you stopped me.Sir, I asked you to keep your hands on the car.I'm gonna need your badge number.Trying to show off for your partner here, brother?I'm not your brother. Don't make us restrain you.- Officer Davis. - Sir.Officer Corchoran.Know what? I'm gonna take a photo.What the fuck?!- What's your problem?! - Calm down!Sir!I'm gonna need your badge number!Mr. Danton, I'm Lieutenant Hixson.I'm very sorry for this misunderstanding.Watch your head.I hope you accept my apology on their behalf.- They said I was stopped for speeding. - Yes.When they encounter someone without a license and registration-- Write up the ticket.You don't have to worry about that, sir. You're free to go.If I was speeding, give me the damn ticket.That's really not necessary after everything we put you through. Lieutenant.I'd invite you up, but the kids, they're--We're bringing them to Iowa this tripand it's a total shit-show.I didn't come here to talk to you about the campaign.I probably... you know,I shouldn't have just shown up like this, but...Here. Come this way.It's stupid. I don't even know why I came over.Did something happen?I got pulled over. For speeding.Things got out of hand. A nigger in a nice car.Jesus.I left my wallet at work.When I tried to tell the guy who I was,he didn't believe me, so...I don't know.I didn't believe me.There I was with my hands in cuffs and it was like, uh...it was like I was outside of myself.I could've been anyone.I wasn't me.- Does that make any sense? - You got rattled.No, it's not that.I look at you and Alan, and even Frank and Claire.This happened and I didn't have anyone to tell about it.You have me, right?I'm glad you came over.It's not fair. Intruding on you like this.If I thought you were intruding, I wouldn't have come downstairs. I'm sorry. I'm sorry.I--You still mean a lot to me.I am there for you, as your friend.You should go back up. Finish packing.Safe flight.We're set to insert at 2100 EST,0400 local time.We'll use a Fulton recoveryof any material samples.The extraction?The team will make its way on footto this rendezvous point for extract.How are they gonna pass the Russian lines?Our intel is spotty at best, but our team is scheduledto link up with a local agent who will assist.All right. Let's move this down to the Situation Room.I'll be there in a few minutes.- Yes, Sir. - Yes, Sir.Did he say anything?He wouldn't even look at me when I said hello.Send him in.Doug.Are you certain?Who gathered all this inform-- Oh, never mind. I shouldn't know. Was it you... who...?No.You shouldn't have brought this here.I wanted you to see it.So you would believe me.Brutal.I'm drunk, sir.I'm-- I'm drunk right now.This girl really meant something to you, didn't she? Yeah.She did.I've been working for Dunbar.I pushed myself too much. It's my fault.It was for you. To see how close I could get.If I could find something, a silver bullet.To prove that... I was still useful.How can I help you, Doug?I can't go to rehab.- Just not another hospital, or... - Okay.I just... I can't... I can't do it.We'll figure something out.I'm not Peter Russo.I won't go like he did.No, you won't. You're going to get better, Doug.I promise you that.Yes, send Meechum in here.There's an envelope on my desk. I need it to be incinerated. Yes, sir.And then I need you to take Doug home.Come on, Doug, it's time to go.This way, Mr. Stamper.You stay with him until we figure out what's next.Yes, sir.Some privacy, please.- This is Heather Dunbar. - I'll connect you momentarily. Heather?Mr. President?Doug Stamper is my friend,and you came very close to killing him.- Excuse me? - You're aware he's an alcoholic?- Yes. - And how serious his injuries were.- Mr. President-- - But you still put him to work.A man who's trying to recover, who's trying to get back his life.Did you honestly think that he could handle that?Douglas came to us.And you should've turned him away if you had one ounce of decency. What's happened? Is he okay?You don't have the right to ask me that question.And if you do anything that endangers his health again,I swear to God,I will put you in your fucking grave.Let's continue.Thirty-two thousand feet, one minute to insert.Let's hear comms.Audio on.Stand up!Twenty seconds. Last checks.Last checks! Gather round.Ten seconds. Nine, eight, seven,six, five, four,three, two. Green light.- Video will go dark once they jump. - Go. Go. Chutes deployed.The rally point.Link-up with indig agent happens here,half a klick from the drop zone.He'll arrange safe passage to the blast site. Motherfucker!Agent is rogue. Repeat, we have a bad agent.- We've been compromised. - Man down! Man down! - Fuck. - Over there!- Agent is kilo. - Get pressure on that wound.We should abort, sir.- Mr. President. - Shut it down. Bring them home. "Match Stick," I repeat, "Match Stick."Head directly to waypoint X-ray. How copy, over? Proceeding to X-ray.- Hello? - He's in the bedroom.Hey, brother.Say again. Over.Confirmed, sir.The element is off the X and moving to extract. Three wounded, one KIA.。
八年级阅读理解——保护环境保护动物
八年级英语阅读理解——保护环境保护动物专项一、阅读理解（共18题；共156分）1. ( 10分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能正确回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
The movie The Martian (《火星救援》) is very popular among space lovers. It shows an astronaut trying to live on Mars.Although the idea of living on Mars is great, the reality does not look so good. Mars does not have a friendly atmosphere (大气层) for humans. There is very little oxygen there. And because it is too far away from the sun, it is also very cold there. Sometimes the temperature on Mars can be -133℃. This is much too cold for humans.However, scientists say it might be possible to live there even without a good atmosphere. Daytime on Mars is almost the same as Earth's. It means there's enough sunlight to grow plants inside safe buildings. However, they would have to grow in soil from Earth. Mars does not have a strong enough atmosphere to stop the radiation (福射) coming from space, which makes it dangerous to grow things in the soil.The radiation also causes problems for our health. One way to live there is to build homes underground or in the rocks on the planet. This can help humans keep away from the radiation and keep warm.When could we live on Mars? Scientists are hoping to make it possible to live on Mars. Let's wait and see. （1）What does the underlined word "It" refer to?A. The chanceB. The spaceC. The movieD. The reality（2）What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A. Why humans can't live on Mars.B. Why Mars is good.C. Why humans want to live on Mars.D. Why Mars is so cold.（3）Which of the following doesn't allow humans to grow things on Mars?A. DaytimeB. SoilC. SunlightD. Radiation（4）How many elements (要素) stop people from living on Mars?A. ThreeB. FourC. TwoD. One（5）Why did the writer write the passage?A. To tell us how to live on Mars.B. To stop people from living on Mars.C. To tell us about an interesting movie.D. To show us how difficult it is to live on Mars.Too much garbage: Everything about China is big. When it comes to garbage there are 215 million tons of each year, and still growing, by as high as 10% every year.Too much pollution: Landfill and burning two main disposal methods(处理方法) in China, are problematic in themselves and could lead to more pollution if handled improperly(处理不当).Too many usable: There are many usable materials in garbage, and trash sorting can help collect such recyclables more efficiently. Even compost(肥料) can be used.（1）During the Summer vacation, Xiaoming visited Shanghai but he didn't obey the recycling law, so how much was he fined ? A. $200 B. $7,285 C. ￥200 D. ￥50, 000 （2）Why do we need to recycle?A. Too much garbageB. Too much pollutionC. Too many usableD. All of the above（3）Plastics can be classified into___________.A. recyclablesB. kitchen wasteC. othersD. dangerous waste（4）Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The recycling law is very strict and many people have been fined.B. Many other major cities are also expected to take actions to classify garbage within the year.C. Most Chinese cities classify garbage into five categories.D. Besides fines, Chinese cities are taking other measures as well.（5）Where is the article probably from?Now some animals are in great danger in the world.Snow leopards(雪豹) live in the cold mountains of Central Asia. They're from the eat family. A snow leopard is smaller than a lion or a tiger, but it's still a very large animal. An adult snow leopard is often more than two meters long. They like to live and look for food alone. Now some people kill snow leopards to get their beautiful fur(毛皮).Tigers also come from the cat family. They feed on small animals such as deer and sheep. Tigers are in danger now, because some people cut down the trees and catch them. People kill tigers also for their beautiful fur. In 1939, there were about 30, 000 tigers in India. But today there are only 3,000. Elephants live in forests. An Asian elephant's ears are much smaller than an African elephant's ears.Elephants need lots of places to live in and to find food. There are only less than 3,000 Ceylon elephants (a kind of Asian elephant) in the world now.European otters(水獭) live in the rivers around Europe. They have soft and brown fur on their bodies. Usually a European otter is about 75 cm long. It has small and round ears. Today some people kill the animals for their fur.（1）Which of the following animals come from the cat family?A.Snow leopards and European otters.B.Snow leopards and tigers.C.Tigers and European otters.D.Elephants and snow leopards.（2）What do people kill snow leopards, tigers or European otters for?A.Eating them.B.Getting more places.C.Getting their fur.D.Feeling happy.（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Today there are only 300 tigers in India.B.There are only 3, 000 Ceylon elephants in the world now.C.A snow leopard likes to live and look for food with others.D.An African elephant has bigger ears than an Asian elephant.（4）How many kinds of animals are mainly talked about in the passage?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.（5）What is the main idea of this passage?A.Some animals are in danger.B.Let's protect animals.C.People are killing animals.D.Why do people kill animals?RIVER DOLPHIN RUNNING OUT OF TIMEThe Yangtze dolphin is the only kind of dolphin that lives in freshwater all its life. Scientists say that the finless freshwater dolphin that has lived in the Yangtze River for over 20 million years, will die out in 15 years. It's in danger of disappearing forever.Dangers:Dredging(挖掘) of their habitatHeavy boat traffic in the Yangtze RiverInsecticide(杀虫剂) and mercury(汞)（1）How long has the Yangtze dolphin lived in the Yangtze River?A.For 20 million years.B.For less than 20 million years.C.For more than 20 million years.（2）What is NOT a danger to the Yangtze dolphin?A.Dredging the river bed or heavy boat traffic in the river.B.Insecticide and mercury.C.Swimmers.（3）How heavy is an adult Yangtze dolphin?A.30 kg.B.45 kg.C.30 kg~45 kg.（4）What does the Yangtze dolphin mainly eat?A.Fish and shrimps.B.Fish.C.Shrimps.（5）In the first paragraph, the underlined word "finless" means _____ in Chinese.A.有鳍的B.无鳍的C.温顺的Space vegetables are grown from seeds(种子) that have been taken to space and brought back to the earth. The seeds are affected by the radiation(辐射)and low gravity in space. When they are brought back to the earth, these seeds produce vegetables that are bigger and healthier than normal vegetables. However, some people worry about eating space vegetables. They think that space vegetables might not be good for us and could make us get sick because of the radiation in space. However, people should not be frightened because space vegetables are very healthy.Here are some facts that you should know about space vegetables.Space vegetables are grown from seeds that are carefully chosen. When seeds are brought back from space they are tested to make sure that they will be safe to eat.Space vegetables are better for you than normal vegetables. For example, space tomatoes stay fresh for twenty days, which is one week longer than normal tomatoes。
研究生学术英语答案Unit-7
Professor Hall: 7) W__i_th__a_ll_d_u_e_r_e_s_p_e_c_t , Mr. Vice President, the cost of doing nothing could be even higher. Our climate is fragile. 8) _A_t_th_e__r_a_te_ we’re burning fossil fuels and polluting the environment, the ice caps will soon disappear.
Arabian Reporter: I’m 2) c_o_n_f_u_s_e_d . I thought you were talking about global warming, not an ice age.
Section A Part 2 Watching & Listening
Professor Hall: Yes, it is a paradox, but, global warming can 3) t_r_ig_g_e_r a cooling trend. Let me explain. The Northern Hemisphere owes its temperate climate to the North Atlantic current. Heat from the sun arrives at the 4) e_q_u_a_t_o_r and is carried north by the ocean. But, global warming is melting the polar ice caps and 5) d_i_s_ru_p_t_in_g_this flow. Eventually it will shut down, and when that occurs, there goes our warm climate.
BBC纪录片观看地址大全
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/w38/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzUzMTkxMDQ.html12《俄罗斯音乐祭》（4集）/show/ow1ejU5dCLDYAHEv.html/show/Y_cs04w0XYlyhlaC.html/show/3z3X549bdna3p6Fy.html/show/YyQeLOjhvCYtUNt2.html13《地球的力量》（5集）/u56/v_MjkyODM2Mjk.html/u93/v_MjkyODE5OTQ.html/u71/v_MjkyNzk3NzI.html/u12/v_MjkyNzczMzc.html/u56/v_MjkyNzM4NjE.html14《透视动物》/u31/v_MzQ5NTAyNzY.html （透视动物1-生存挣扎）/u89/v_MzQ5NDg4Mzg.html （透视动物2-新生命）/u85/v_MzQ5NDcwNzQ.html （透视动物3-极端生活）15《古代启示录》高清古代启示录：尼罗河上的灭亡/widget/videos/2247395/video/151544/古代启示录：米诺安之谜/widget/videos/2247395/video/151545/古代启示录：马雅的崩溃/widget/videos/2247395/video/151546/古代启示录：所多玛与蛾摩拉/widget/videos/2247395/video/151547/16《艺术精品全记录》/w38/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzU0ODU.html 1 /w38/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzU0NjQ.html 2 缺3/w38/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzU0MzA.html 4 /w38/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzU0MTg.html 5 /w38/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzI5MDc.html 6 /w38/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzI4ODc.html 7 /w38/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzI4Njc.html 8 /w38/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzI4NDM.html 9 /w38/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzI4MTk.html 1017《地球》/show_page/33070280e8.html （1-5集）18《空中特勤组》/u39/v_NDMxNDIwODY.html/u31/v_NDMxNDI0MjI.html/u25/v_NDMxNDI2OTM.html19《制造新人类》/u11/v_MzE4MzA4NTQ.html（复制新人类）/u11/v_MzE4MzI2MjQ.html（预言者）20《消失的古文明》（3集）消失的古文明（1）：消失的法老王国：派拉姆西/widget/videos/2247395/video/151586/ 消失的古文明（2）：被诅咒的金字塔文明：土库美/widget/videos/2247395/video/151588/ 消失的古文明（3）：第四帝国的黑暗权势：汉梯沙/widget/videos/2247395/video/151589/ 21《喜马拉雅壮丽之旅》/show/UAvLRJrT_B_75oPV.html/show/ce_s6ExEYcAJ1_vS.html/show/_CVMQR5Lz9sKN0Mf.html/show/fGNNkri2CufKrtAp.html/show/LBay-TAKLrnjeWyB.html/show/gWYLdYCqEwejU9PZ.html22《与野人同行》/show/Z2IMOUfS81hUe4kR.html/show/ehct9zoHgcLm4EHa.html23《艺术的力量》《BBC 艺术的力量》（1）Caravaggio 卡拉瓦乔/widget/videos/2247395/video/151738/ 《BBC 艺术的力量》（2）Bernini 贝尼尼/widget/videos/2247395/video/151739/ 《BBC 艺术的力量》（3）Rembrandt 伦勃朗/widget/videos/2247395/video/151740/ 《BBC 艺术的力量》（4）David 大卫/widget/videos/2247395/video/151741/ 《BBC 艺术的力量》（5）Turner 泰纳/widget/videos/2247395/video/151743/ 《BBC 艺术的力量》（6）Van Gogh 梵高/widget/videos/2247395/video/151744/《BBC 艺术的力量》（7）Picasso 毕加索/widget/videos/2247395/video/151745/《BBC 艺术的力量》（8）Rothko 罗斯科/widget/videos/2247395/video/151746//topics/11272724《极地之旅》（8集，缺1 7）/v_show/id_XNzUyMTgwOTY=.html BBC 极地之旅，02 穿越俄罗斯/v_show/id_XNzUyMjAyNjQ=.html BBC 极地之旅，03 地中海迷踪/v_show/id_XNzUyMjI2NjA=.html BBC 极地之旅，04 梦幻的沙/v_show/id_XNzUyMjU5MDQ=.html BBC 极地之旅，05 越过边境/v_show/id_XNzUyMjkwMjA=.html BBC 极地之旅，06 飞机、船和火车/v_show/id_XNzUyMzYxMTI=.html BBC 极地之旅，08 严寒的终点25《超自然力量》/programs/view/JLxPn6xTEkE/26《八十天环游地球》暂无27《揭秘裕仁天皇》/v_show/id_XMTkxMjQ1Njc2.html28《人类亲缘》暂无29《人类本能》/playlist/id/12307810/ （专辑，4个部分）30《鬼盗船真面目》暂无31《行星地球探索记》/w24/album-aid-9199320.html 1-1032《蓝色星球》/show/qmlY1j6kFFK1M8M.html 蓝色星球(第01集) 标清/show/q2hX1T2jE1G0MsI.html 蓝色星球(第02集) 标清/show/rGta2ECmFlS3NcU.html 蓝色星球(第03集) 标清/show/rWpZ1ziblFVO2NMQ.html 蓝色星球(第04集) 标清/show/rm1U0jqgEE6xL68.html 蓝色星球(第05集) 标清/show/r2xT0TmfD02wLq4.html 蓝色星球(第06集) 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超级风暴(Superstorm)3集全61《维生素真相》/u87/v_MjY3OTg2Mjg.html62《观星指南》/playlist/id/1373547063《爱因斯坦的最大失误》/v_show/id_XMTM5NDc1OTI=.html64《时光机器》/v/b/18787390-1277223432.html/v/b/18787688-1277223432.html65《复活节岛上失落的众神》/show/SG5V0zuhEUibyML4.html66《地图上的空白》/v_show/id_XMzI1MDYzODQ=.html67《大地之歌》/programs/view/ifJxyyuPUr8//v_show/id_XMzI2MjI2Mjg.html68《野性印尼》/u42/v_NTI5ODc1MTg.html/u74/v_NTI5ODc1MTk.html/u58/v_NTI5ODc1MjY.html69《亚马逊深渊》/v_show/id_XNTU4NzI5MTY=.html/v_show/id_XODU1MTM3ODQ=.html/v_show/id_XNTU4OTU1NDA=.html/v_show/id_XODU1MTM4MjA=.html/v_show/id_XODU1MTM4MjQ=.html70《尼罗河》这部没有找到具体的地址，下面的地址是第15《古代启示录》里的记录片：古代启示录：尼罗河上的灭亡/widget/videos/2247395/video/151544/古代启示录：米诺安之谜/widget/videos/2247395/video/151545/古代启示录：马雅的崩溃/widget/videos/2247395/video/151546/古代启示录：所多玛与蛾摩拉/widget/videos/2247395/video/151547/71《园丁鸟的魅力艺术》/programs/view/r-8DeL7tFkQ/72《以色列的诞生》/u37/v_NTg4NjYzMDY.html73《旷世杰作的秘密》（21集）（注：此系列已补全在线地址+下载详见：“2012-04-27 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动物犯罪现场3：极圈刺客/show/2qVM633hx3w3vqwu.html BBC 动物犯罪现场4：非洲刺客/show/VCRPAJK7wWJZHvV1.html BBC 动物犯罪现场5：亚马逊刺客87《惊世一刻》/w97/album-aid-6681316.html 10集全88《金字塔》这个系列的很多/v?ct=301989888&rn=20&pn=0&db=0&s=25&word=BBC%2 0%BD%F0%D7%D6%CB%FE/search_playlist/q_BBC%20%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5% A1%9489《宇宙行星探索记》/w22/album-aid-7083966.html 1-890《宇宙无限》/w14/album-aid-5259903.html 1-691《庞贝古城：最后的一天》/u11/v_MzA0Njk0MTM.html92《罗马斗兽场》/v_show/id_XNDUyMDgyMTI=.html93《自然世界：驭风而归》/programs/view/Mi7_h7o0Slk/isRenhe=194《自然世界：聪明的猴子》/v_show/id_XOTc0Mjk2ODA=.html95《生命之源》/u49/v_NTYzMzA2ODY.html/u89/v_NTYzMzE0MzA.html 不确定是不是第二集/u21/v_NTYzMzE0NTA.html/u89/v_NTYzMzE4NzA.html/u29/v_NTYzMzI2MDI.html96《爆破达人：前进赌场》/show/2ZsfynRHFWcvTZAV.html?loc=youce_tuijian/show/3XuWyvsIUfgCQGjo.html?loc=youce_tuijian/show/SHY_ojbyBYu68M7F.html97《印度的故事》/playlist/id/7932983/ （6集，缺2 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海底世界揭秘》/u68/v_Mjc0MjgzMzc.html/u71/v_Mjc0MjQzODA.html/u49/v_Mjc0MjAxMzQ.html/u26/v_Mjc0MTY1MDM.html/u72/v_Mjc0MzIwMzc.html/u91/v_Mjc0MzQyNTY.html115《光的故事》/show/zOEiFfM_KEOLJ-0f.html/show/tc6fpvnX-nlPsEFF.html/show/Hi8CZ7kfMWZ0IVtl.html/show/F6EwUyZOfTScnEp4.html116《宇宙间的各种洞》/v_show/id_XNjcxNzE4MDA=.html117《野性非洲》/playlist_show/id_1232842.html118《未来景象》/playlist/id/11988321/119《血战奥马哈海滩》/programs/view/kY-ScA0CBJw/120《最初的伊甸园》/programs/view/FB00tX8XjUI/ 1 /programs/view/_hb1cJrYcrw/ 2 /programs/view/CmCzGO-UC9I/ 3 /programs/view/12acuhX9FNw/ 4121《昆虫帝国》/v_show/id_XMTA3MTAyMzY4.html /v_show/id_XMTA3MTAyMzgw.html /v_show/id_XMTA3MTAyMzky.html /v_show/id_XMTA3MTAyNDI4.html /v_show/id_XMTA3MTAyNDQ4.html/v_show/id_XMTA3MTAyNDcy.html122《深蓝》/v/b/58941170-1271981345.html目录引自《BBC经典纪录片一览》------------------------------------------ 以下是补充内容 ------------------------------------------迁徙的鸟 Le peuple migrateur (2001) 不是BBC的/widget/videos/2247395/video/66279/一路平安 Latcho Drom (1993) 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电导池
Effects of sulfonated polyether-etherketone (SPEEK)and composite membranes on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)performanceErce S x engu ¨l a ,Hu ¨lya Erdener a ,R.Gu ¨ltekin Akay a ,Hayrettin Yu ¨cel a ,Nurcan Bac¸b ,_Inc _I Erog ˘lu a ,*a Chemical Engineering Department,Middle East Technical University,06531Ankara,TurkeybChemical Engineering Department,Yeditepe University,34755Istanbul,Turkeya r t i c l e i n f oArticle history:Received 8March 2008Received in revised form 20August 2008Accepted 22August 2008Available online 5November 2008Keywords:PEM fuel cells SPEEKComposite membrane Zeolite betaMembrane electrode assembly (MEA)a b s t r a c tSulfonated polyether-etherketone (SPEEK)has a potential for proton exchange fuel cell applications.However,its conductivity and thermohydrolytic stability should be improved.In this study the proton conductivity was improved by addition of an aluminosilicate,zeolite beta.Moreover,thermohydrolytic stability was improved by blending poly-ether-sulfone (PES).Sulfonated polymers were characterized by posite membranes prepared were characterized by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)for their proton conductivity.Degree of sulfonation (DS)values calculated from H-NMR results,and both proton conductivity and thermohydrolytic stability was found to strongly depend on DS.Therefore,DS values were controlled time in the range of 55–75%by controlling the reaction time.Zeolite beta fillers at different SiO 2/Al 2O 3ratios (20,30,40,50)were synthesized and characterized by XRD,EDX,TGA,and SEM.The proton conductivity of plain SPEEK membrane (DS ¼68%)was 0.06S/cm at 60 C and the conductivity of the composite membrane containing of zeolite beta filled SPEEK was found to increase to 0.13S/cm.Among the zeolite Beta/SPEEK composite membranes the best conductivity results were achieved with zeolite beta having a SiO 2/Al 2O 3ratio of 50at 10wt%loading.Single fuel cell tests performed at different operating temperatures indicated that SPES/SPEEK membrane is more stable hydrodynamically and also performed better than pristine SPEEK membranes which swell excessively.Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs)were prepared by gas diffusion layer (GDL)spraying method.The highest performance of 400mA/cm 2was obtained for SPEEK membrane (DS 56%)at 0.6V for a H 2–O 2/PEMFC working at 1atm and 70 C.At the same conditions Nafion Ò112gave 660mA/cm 2.It was observed that the operating temperature can be increased up to 90 C with polymer blends containing poly-ether-sulfone (PES).ª2008International Association for Hydrogen Energy.Published by Elsevier Ltd.All rightsreserved.1.IntroductionThe increased interest in the potential use of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)is due to the factthat they can offer high efficiencies with almost zero emis-sion of pollutant gases.Moreover,the quick start-up times and high flexibility to load changes are other advantages.The PEMFC,which uses hydrogen and oxygen (or air)as reactant*Corresponding author .Tel.:þ903122102609;fax:þ903122102600.E-mail address:ieroglu@.tr (_Inc _I Erog˘lu).A v a i l a b l e a t w w w.s c i e n c e d i r e c t.c o mj o u r n a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /h e0360-3199/$–see front matter ª2008International Association for Hydrogen Energy.Published by Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.08.066i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y 34(2009)4645–4652gases,is particularly attractive due to high power outputs delivered at low operating temperatures(50–80 C)and pres-sures(1–3atm).The electrochemical reaction occurs in the membrane electrode assembly(MEA),which is considered to be the heart of PEMFC[1].When hydrogen gas is fed to the anode side of the cell,it separates into its protons and elec-trons.The protons are conducted through the membrane electrolyte whereas the free electrons produced at the anode move through an external circuit to the cathode.At the cathode side,oxygen gas combines with the electrons and protons.Thefinal products of such a cell are electric power, water,and heat.They are ideally suited for transportation and other appli-cations.PEM fuel cell stacks operating on hydrogen can be 40–50%electrically efficient and80%system efficient if the heat recovery is included.The research and development of PEM fuel cell stacks based on different materials,structures and fabricating methods are going on[2–4].05pThe key component of PEMFC is the membrane which enables proton transfer between anode and cathode.Current applications prefer NafionÒ(DuPont)which belongs to the perflourosulfonic acid(PFSA)family[5].However,there are two significant drawbacks associated with the use of Nafion membrane.First,the cost of NafionÒmembrane is still too high for commercial applications.Second,it is not possible to operate at high temperatures with NafionÒ.High temperature operation is useful for enhanced reaction kinetics and reduced catalyst poisoning by fuel impurities.Therefore,efforts are concentrated on developing alternate membranes that are capable of operating at higher temperatures.Phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole is one of the most successful elec-trolyte membranes[6].Other,the most popular candidates are polyaromatic hydrocarbon polymers,especially PEEK,due to its high thermal and mechanical stability,low price and improvable proton conductivity via post-sulfonation. Although,it is improvable,the conductivity of SPEEK membrane is still lower than that of NafionÒ.Its proton conductivity depends on the degree of sulfonation(DS). However,the mechanical properties tend to deteriorate as the DS increases.Highly sulfonated polymers will swell signifi-cantly at high temperature and humidity[7].2.Experimental2.1.Zeolite synthesis and characterizationZeolite beta crystals were synthesized hydrothermally according to the batch composition2.2Na2O:1.0Al2O3:x SiO2: 4.6(TEA)2O:440H2O at various SiO2/Al2O3ratios[8].In hydrothermal synthesis,an alkaline precursor solution was prepared by dissolving sodium aluminate(52.9wt%Al2O3, 45.3wt%Na2O,Riedel de Hae¨n)in deionized water prior to addition of the structure directing agent,tetraethyl ammo-nium hydroxide(TEAOH)solution(20or35wt%in water, Aldrich).The silica precursor solution,mainly composed of colloidal silica(SiO2),(Ludox40wt%suspension in water, Sigma–Aldrich),was added to the alumina precursor solution and gelation was observed.This gel was poured into Teflon-lined steel autoclaves were kept at constant temperature (150 C)under autogenously pressure for a reaction period of 5–15days.The autoclaves were then taken out of the oven, cooled,filtered,and the zeolite product was dried at80 C. Zeolite beta was calcined at550 C,and then converted into more proton conductive Hþform after acid treatment with 95–98wt%H2SO4(Merck).Synthesized zeolite beta samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)to confirm beta structure,Thermogravimetric Analysis(TGA)for its thermal stability,Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis(EDX)to compare theoretical Si/Al ratio with that in synthesized form,and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)for crystal morphology and average particle size.2.2.Polymer sulfonation2.2.1.Sulfonation of PEEK polymerPEEK polymer was obtained as pellets(Polyoxy-1,4-pheney-leneoxy-1,4-pheneyelene carbonyl-1,4-phenylene,Aldrich, Mw¼20,800).PEEK pellets were ground to reduce the disso-lution time of the polymer and dried at100 C in vacuum oven prior to post-sulfonation.In the post-sulfonation reaction,the polymer was dissolved in H2SO4to give a dark,viscous solu-tion then the degree of sulfonation(DS)was controlled by changing the reaction times at a constant temperature(50 C) [9].Reaction was stopped by pouring the polymer solution in icy-water and white polymer strings were obtained.The decanted polymer strings were washed with deionized water and dried in vacuum oven.2.2.2.Sulfonation of PES polymerPES polymer cannot be easily sulfonated as PEEK in H2SO4. Therefore chlorosulfonic acid(CSA)was used in the sulfona-tion reaction.The polymer wasfirst dissolved in H2SO4 (usually1/10w/v)then a predetermined amount of CSA was added drop wise into the solution.Reactions were carried out at around5 C by using ice-cold water around reaction vessel to prevent cross linking and decomposition of the polymer chains which may occur above20 C.At the end of the pre-determined reaction time solution was poured into cold ice-water and the precipitate wasfiltered and washed until excess acid is removed and dried at90 C.2.2.3.Determination of DS by H-NMRThe H-NMR spectra were obtained by using Bruker Biospin NMR spectrometer with a resonance frequency of300MHz. Samples were prepared by dissolving10–20mg polymer in DMSO-d6.The degree of sulfonation,DS,was determined by integration of distinct aromatic signals determined quantita-tively by using H-NMR spectroscopy.In H-NMR the presence of sulfonic acid group’s results in a0.25ppm down-field shift of the hydrogen H E compared to H C,H D in the hydroquinone ring[10].The nomenclature of the aromatic protons for the SPEEK repeat unit is given in Scheme1below.The presence of sulfonic acid groups in the structure causes a distinct signal for protons at E position.Estimates for the H E content which is equal to the sulfonic acid group content can be done according to the intensity of this signal[10].The H-NMR signal for sulfonic acid group is difficult since the proton is labile.The ratio of peak area of distinct H E signalsðA HEÞand integrated areas of the signalsi n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y34(2009)4645–4652 4646corresponding to all the other aromatic hydrogen’s ðA H AA 0BB 0CD Þare expressed as:n 12À2n¼A H EPA H AA 0BB 0CD ð0 n 1Þ(1)DS ¼n Â100%(2)2.3.Membrane castingThe SPEEK polymer was dissolved in n-n,dimethyl-acet-amide (DMAc,Merck)and stirred overnight with magneticstirrer.Then,zeolite H þ-beta was added to the solution at certain quantities.The solution was mixed under ultrasonic mixing overnight and then drop-casted onto petri dishes.The membranes were dried in vacuum oven at 60–120 C for 24h.For blend membranes,proportional amounts of sulfonated PEEK and PES polymers were dissolved in DMAc to give a 10wt%polymer solution.The solution was stirred by magnetic stirrer overnight prior to mixing in ultrasonic water bath to obtain a homogenous solution.After mixing,the homogenous solution was cast onto Petri dishes and dried from 60 C to 120 C in 24h.2.4.Proton conductivity analysisThe proton conductivity of the membranes was measured by AC Electrochemical Impedance (EIS)technique over a frequency range of 1–300kHz with an oscillating voltage using GAMRY PCL40Potentiostat system.All measurements were performed in longitudinal direction,under water vapor atmosphere at 100%relative humidity with a 4probe EIS as a function of temperature.The specimens were prepared as 1Â5cm membrane strips and sandwiched into a Teflon Òconductivity cell with Pt electrodes (Fig.1).The specimen and the electrodes were fixed by nuts and bolts.The conductivity,s ,of samples in longitu-dinal direction was calculated in Siemens per cm from the impedance data by using Eq.(3);s ¼L RWd(3)where;L is the distance between the electrodes,W is the width of the membrane,d is the thickness of the membraneand R is the low intersect of the high-frequency semi-circle on a complex impedance plane with the Re(Z )axis.Proton conductivity measurements were performed in a closed jar with water at the bottom in a temperature controlled bath with mechanical stirrer.The temperature and relative humidity (RH)of the vapor inside the jar were measured with a thermocouple and RH meter.Conductivities were measured several times at each temperature until they were constant.2.5.MEA preparationMEAs were prepared from the membranes cast,which resul-ted in good proton conductivities during electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses.Gas diffusion layer (GDL)Spraying technique was applied for the preparation of MEAs [10].In the first step,catalyst ink,which is comprised of 20wt%Pt on Vulcan XC-72catalyst (E-Tek),5wt%Nafion Òsolution (Ion Power Inc),distilled water,and 2-propanol,were prepared and mixed in ultrasonic bath for 2h.In order to clean and increase the proton conductivity of the membranes,they were conditioned by boiling in 0.5M H 2SO 4solution and distilled water at 80 C.In order to coat the GDLs with catalyst layer,the anode and cathode side GDLs were fixed on a paper frame.The catalyst ink was sprayed until the desired catalyst loading (0.4mgPt/cm 2for both anode and cathode sides)was achieved.The catalyst loading was controlled by just weighing the GDLs at different times.After the GDLs were loaded with catalyst,they were kept in oven at 80 C for 1h in order to completely remove the liquid components of catalyst ink.Then,they were weighed again.To complete the MEA,the GDLs were hot pressed to the membrane at 130 C [11].2.6.Performance testsPerformances of fabricated MEAs were measured via the PEMFC test station built at METU Fuel CellTechnologyScheme 1–Aromatic protons of PEEK andSPEEK.Fig.1–Proton conductivity cell.i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y 34(2009)4645–46524647Laboratory.A single cell PEMFC (Electrochem FC05-01SP-REF)having 5cm 2active area was used in the experiments.The external load was applied by means of an electronic load (Dynaload ÒRBL488),which can be controlled either manually or by the computer.The current and voltage of the cell were monitored and logged throughout the operation of the cell by fuel cell testing software (FCPower Òv.2.1.102Fideris).The fabricated MEA was placed in the test cell and the bolts were tightened with a torque 1.7Nm on each bolt.The cell temper-ature was adjusted and the temperatures of the humidifiers and gas transfer lines were set 10 C above the cell tempera-ture.After the preset temperatures were achieved,hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the cell at a rate of 0.1slpm.The cell was operated at 0.5V until it came to steady state.After steady state was achieved,starting from the OCV value,the current–voltage data was logged by changing the load.3.Results3.1.Zeolite beta characterizationThe XRD pattern of zeolite beta that was hydrothermally synthesized at SiO 2/Al 2O 3ratio of 20is given in Fig.2a.The characteristic peaks of zeolite beta were observed at 2q w 7.8 and 2q w 22.4 as stated in literature [12].The morphology of the zeolites was explored with SEM and the average particle size distribution was found to be around 1micron as shown in SEM Picture below (Fig.2b).Another important characteristicof zeolite beta is its high thermal stability.Thermogravimetric Analyses of zeolite beta crystals showed that the first weight loss was around 465 C as given in Fig.2c and it demonstrates the removal of the structure directing agent (SDA)from the zeolite structure.Thus,zeolite crystals were calcined at higher temperatures to remove SDA completely.The thermal decomposition temperature of zeolite beta particles was around 850 C,this means that the zeolite beta particles are stable up to this temperature.Hence,they are suitable for fuel cell applications.As a result of the EDX analysis it was found that the Si/Al ratio in the structure of the as synthesized zeolite Na-Beta is close to the value of Si/Al ratio in the batch solution (theo-retical)(Table 1).3.2.Sulfonated polymer characterizationsDegree of sulfonation (DS)values of the sulfonated polymers was determined by using H-NMR data as described intheFig.2–(a)XRD pattern of as synthesized zeolite beta (SiO 2/Al 2O 3[20)(b)SEM micrograph of as synthesized zeolite beta (c)TGA of as synthesized zeolite beta.i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y 34(2009)4645–46524648experimental section.The signal around7.6ppm chemical shifts corresponds to the aromatic proton H E and its area relative to the other aromatic protons shows the extent of DS (data are not given).The degree of sulfonation is directly related to the reaction time,temperature and the amount of the sulfonation agent used.At higher temperatures the reaction kinetics is enhanced thus higher degrees of sulfonation are achieved. PEEK sulfonation proceeds very slow at room temperature and takes several days to reach a DS above50%.However at around50 C this time decreases to several hours as shown in Fig.3which is consistent with the literature[13].DS of PES was determined similarly as reported in the literature[14].Since sulfonation of PES is more difficult than that of PEEK because of the electrophilic sulfone linkage,DS was around20%.Therefore,conductivity of SPES samples was lower than SPEEK.Since swelling and thermohydrolytic stability strongly depends on DS,SPES membranes showed better stability and low swelling.These properties can becombined by blending these compatible polymers.3.3.Proton conductivity of composite membranesThe objective of introducing zeolite particles into the polymer matrix was to enhance the proton transfer through the membrane by retaining water within the membrane and to create water mediated pathways while contributing their own proton conductivity.The hydrophilic zeolite particles improved the water retention property of the SPEEK membranes.Above60 C,the composite membranes absor-bed too much water and swelling problem was observed above this temperature(Fig.4).Thus,the proton conductivity analyses of composite membranes were limited up to this temperature.The proton conductivities of plain and composite membranes were measured at room temperature before and after treatment with1M HCl.Acid treatment was performed after the casting process,and all the membranes were kept in 1M HCl for2h for complete protonation.Acid treated membranes always result in higher conductivities naturally since all the available ion exchange sites are saturated with protons(–SO3H).All membranes were washed and hydrated with deionized water prior to measurement.As shown in Fig.5,the membranes with higher DS were resulted in better proton conductivities.Proton transfer enhances by increasing the number of acid sites enhances the proton transfer.Moreover,the effect of acid treatment on proton conductivity was explored in Fig.5and improved proton conductivities were observed after the acid treatment of the membranes.Thus,the membranes were treated with 1M HCl and washed with distilled water prior to proton conductivity measurements.Another important observation that could be made in Fig.5is the effect of zeolite particles. The composite membranes containing zeolite Beta have shown improved proton conductivities,for instance,0.11S/ cm was achieved for the composite membranes with74%DS after acid treatment.This is a promising result,since it is comparable with the conductivity of Nafion112membrane (0.1S/cm).Fig.3–Degree of sulfonation with respect to time ofsulfonationreaction.Fig.4–Water uptake capacities of plain and compositeSPEEKmembranes.Fig.5–Proton conductivity of plain and compositemembranes(with10wt%zeolite loading)at roomtemperature and fully hydrated state.i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y34(2009)4645–46524649In order to overcome the swelling problems observed in the pure and composite SPEEK membranes,SPEEK polymer was blended with a more hydrophobic polymer,namely sulfonated poly-ether-sulfone (SPES).The PES polymer was post-sulfonated and blended with SPEEK polymer at pre-determined proportions before membrane casting.However,owing to the poor proton transfer mechanism of SPES poly-mer,lower conductivities were obtained for blend membranes compared to the pure and composite SPEEK membranes.The proton conductivity measurements of pure SPEEK,SPES and blend membranes are given in Fig.6.So a trade-off between mechanical strength and conductivity exists for these blends.3.4.Performance testsFirst of all,the effect of using different catalyst ink solutions on the membrane performance is explored.The MEAs could be either prepared by using Nafion Òsolution or the original SPEEK solution [15].The comparison of two MEAs prepared by both Nafion Òand SPEEK solutions are given in Fig.7.It is apparent that the utilization of Nafion Òsolution in the catalyst ink resulted inhigher performance.Thus,Nafion Òsolution is utilized in the preparation of all MEAs.Second,the effect of operating temperatures on the performances of MEAs prepared by using SPEEK membranes (DS 56%)was examined and the results are given in Fig.8.It was observed that SPEEK based MEAs were not stable at high temperatures and they have punctured above 90 C.The best operating temperature of SPEEK based MEAs was found to be 70 C as demonstrated in Fig.9.The thermal stability of the membranes could be improved by blending with SPES poly-mer.It was noticed that,after the incorporation of 10wt%SPES into SPEEK membrane,the cell operating temperature could be increased up to 90 C without any damage to the membrane.As shown in Fig.9,the highest power output could be obtained at 80 C for SPES–SPEEK blend membranes.In order to understand the effect of sulfonation level on membrane performance,MEAs were prepared by using two membranes with different DS and the test results are displayed in Fig.10.It was not surprising to observe higher performance results for the MEA prepared by using the membrane at higher DS,since the proton transfer facilitates more easily with increased sulfonic acid groupcontents.Fig.6–Proton conductivities of plain and blendmembranes.Fig.7–Comparison of Nafion Òsolution and SPEEK solution for SPEEK based MEAs (cell temperature 708C).Fig.8–Effect of operating temperature on the performance of SPEEK (DS 56%)basedMEAs.Fig.9–Effect of sulfonation level on the performance of SPEEK based MEAs (cell temperature 708C).i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y 34(2009)4645–46524650Another important parameter affecting the MEA’s perfor-mance is membrane treatment.Since the proton transfer mechanism of both SPEEK and SPES membranes depend on the acidic character of the membranes,the acid treatment influences the membrane performance.The performance curves of both untreated and acid treated SPEEK based MEAs are given in Fig.11.The acid treated membrane showed almost threefold higher power density compared to the untreated membrane.The fuel cell performance of SPEEK membrane was compared with the performance of Nafion Òmembrane as given in Fig.12.The current density of plain SPEEK membrane (DS 56%)was 400mA/cm 2at 0.6V,whereas that of Nafion Ò112membrane was 660mA/cm 2under the same conditions.Although SPEEK membrane possesses lower fuel cell perfor-mance in comparison to the Nafion membrane,the result is promising when the relatively low cost of SPEEK membrane is considered.Moreover,the composite membrane SPEEK-Laponite exhibited better performance than the pure SPEEK membrane [9].Composite membranes prepared with inor-ganic additives such as silica,zeolite 4A and zeolite beta increase the proton conductivity and fuel cell performances of both Nafion Òand SPES-40polymer membrane [16].It should be emphasized that the same technique of MEA fabrication,cell assembling and operating conditions were used in the present work.The significant difference of the obtained performances can be caused by various factors.One of them is the difference in the thickness of the membranes [17].Proton transfer mechanisms are also quite different in Nafion Òand SPEEK membranes.Degree of hydration is the factor that influences the proton conductivity of a membrane.The hydration is dependent on the phase separation between the hydrophobic polymer backbone and hydrophilic side chains [18].Nafion Òand SPEEK polymers both exhibit phase separated domains consisting of an extremely hydrophobic backbone which gives morphological stability and extremely hydrophilic side chains [18].Higher performances could be obtained for the membranes with higher DS values and for composite membranes.4.ConclusionThe development of alternative membranes at relatively low cost for fuel cell applications requires target properties such as suitable thermal and chemical stability,mechanical strength,comparable proton conductivity and fuel cell performance with the commercial PEM fuel cell membranes.In this study,zeolite beta composite membranes and blend membranes were developed.The proton conductivity of SPEEK was improved by addition of an aluminosilicate,zeolite beta.Also thermohydrolytic stability was improved by blending poly-ether-sulfone (PES).The proton conductivity of plain SPEEK membrane (DS ¼68%)was 0.06S/cm at 60 C and the conductivity of the composite membrane consisting of zeolite beta fillers into SPEEK was further increased to 0.13S/cm.Among the zeolite beta/SPEEK composite membranes the best conductivity results were achieved with zeolite beta having a SiO 2/Al 2O 3ratio of 50at 10wt%loading.Single fuel cell tests performed at different operating temperatures indicated that SPES/SPEEK membrane ismoreFig.11–Effect of acid treatment on the performance of SPEEK (DS 56%)based MEAs (cell temperature 708C).Fig.12–The comparison of performances of Nafion Òand SPEEKmembranes.Fig.10–Effect of operating temperature on the performance of blend membranes.i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y 34(2009)4645–46524651stable hydrodynamically and also performed better than pristine SPEEK membranes which swell excessively. Membrane electrode assemblies(MEAs)were prepared by gas diffusion layer(GDL)spraying method.The highest perfor-mance,which is400mA/cm2,was obtained for SPEEK membrane(DS56%)at0.6V for a H2–O2/PEMFC working at 1atm and70 C.At the same conditions NafionÒ112gave 660mA/cm2.It was observed that the operating temperature can be increased up to90 C with polymer blends containing poly-ether-sulfone(PES).AcknowledgementsThis study was supported by Turkish Scientific and Research Counsel with Project104M364and Turkish State Planning Organization Grant BAP-08-11-DPT2005K120600.r e f e r e n c e s[1]Barbir F.PEM fuel cells theory and practice.ElsevierAcademic Press;2005.[2]Corbo P,Migliardini F,Veneri O.Performance investigation of2.4kW PEM fuel cell stack in vehicles.International Journalof Hydrogen Energy2007;32:4340–9.[3]Hu M,Sui S,Zhu X,Yu Q,Cao G,Hong X,et al.A10kW classPEM fuel cell stack based on the catalyst-coated membrane (CCM)method.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy2006;31:1010–8.[4]Yan X,Hou M,Sun L,Liang D,Shen Q,Xu H,et al.ACimpedance characteristics of a2kW PEM fuel cell stackunder different operating conditions and load changes.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy2007;32:4358–64.[5]Bıyıkog˘lu A.Review of proton exchange membrane fuel cellmodels.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy2005;30: 1181–212.[6]Li Q,He R,Jensen JO,Bjerrum NJ.PBI-based polymermembranes for high temperature fuel cells–preparation,characterization and fuel cell demonstration.Fuel Cells2004;4(3):147–59.[7]Xing DM,Li BY,Liu FQ,Fu YZ,Zhang HM.Characterization ofsulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/polytetrafluoroethylene composite membrane for fuel cell applications.Fuel Cells2005;5(3):406–11.[8]Akata B,Yilmaz B,Jirapnogphan SS,Warzywoda J,Sacco Jr A.Characterization of zeolite beta grown in microgravity.Microporous and Mezoporous Materials2004;71:1–9.[9]Chang JH,Park JH,Park G-G,Kim C-S,Park O-O.Proton-conducting composite membranes derived from sulfonated hydrocarbon and inorganic materials.Journal of PowerSources2003;124:18–25.[10]Zaidi SMJ,Michailenko SD,Robertson GP,Guiver MD,Kaliaguine S.Proton conducting composite membranes from polyether ether ketone and heteropolyacids for fuel cellapplications.Journal of Membrane Science2000;173:17–34.[11]Bayrakc¸eken A,Erkan S,Tu¨rker L,Erog˘lu_I.Effects ofmembrane electrode assembly components on protonexchange membrane fuel cell performance.InternationalJournal of Hydrogen Energy2008;33(1):165–70.[12]Holmberg BA,Hwang S-J,Davis ME,Yan Y.Synthesis andproton conductivity of sulfonic acid functionalized zeolitebeta nanocrystals.Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 2005;80:347–56.[13]Huang RYM,Shao P,Burns CM,Feng X.Sulfonation ofpolyetherether–ketone(PEEK):kinetic study andcharacterization.Journal of Applied Polymer Science2001;82: 2651–60.[14]Guan R,Zou H,Lu D,Gong C,Liu Y.Polyethersulfonesulfonated by chlorosulfonic acid and its membranecharacteristics.European Polymer Journal2005;41:1554–60.[15]S x engu¨l E,Erkan S,Erog˘lu_I,Bac¸N.Effect of gas diffusion layercharacteristics and addition of pore forming agents on theperformance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.Chemical Engineering Communications,2008;196(1–2):161–70.[16]Bac N,Nadirler S,Ma C,Mukerjee S.Inorganic–organiccomposite membranes for fuel cell applications.In:Proceedings international hydrogen energy congress andexhibition IHEC2005Istanbul,Turkey;2005.[17]Grigoriev SA,Lyutikova EK,Martemianov S,Fateev VN.Onthe possibility of replacement of Pt by Pd in a hydrogenelectrode of PEM fuel cells.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy2007;32:4438–42.[18]Hogarth M,Glipa X.High temperature membranes for solidpolymer fuel cells.Johnson Matthey Technology Center;2001 [Crown Copyright].i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y34(2009)4645–4652 4652。
广州凯图电子科技有限公司 EC-NET智能建筑系列产品
广州凯图电子科技有限公司成立于2001年，是一家集研发制造、销售于一体的高科技公司，公司致力于智能家居和照明创新，总部位于中国广州。
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历经多年的磨砺与发展，凯图电子开发出EC-NET系列智能控制产品，成为国内极少数同时拥有智能控制系统三大核心技术的企业之一。
智能控制系统三大核心技术分别为：一、完整的系统安装架构和外形结构。
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近年来，凯图智能灯光照明产品在国内获得多项殊荣，2011年，凯图品牌荣获“十大智能照明品牌”。
凯图电子秉承因为专心，所以专业的信念，为客户提供可靠、稳定、智能型的照明产品和智能家居系统，让所有使用者都能得到安全,便捷,舒适,经济的智能化享受。
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梦想成真的享受！公司简介及介绍系统40 导轨式86式系统电源 EC-P0115AB01 公司简介41 导轨式系统电源 P0130AA02 产品目录41 导轨式系统电源 P0130AB04 荣誉和资质42 86式系统电源 EC-P0118HA06 EC-NET智能系统简介42 86式系统电源 EC-P0118HB06 系统原理及组成开关控制类07 EC-NET智能控制系统组成原理图43 导轨式8路5A开关模块 SR0805AA08 集中式系统与分布式系统的区别44 导轨式4路窗帘控制模块 SR0805AB08 集中式控制与分立式控制的区别45 导轨式16路5A开关模块 SR1605AA09 集中式控制与分立式控制构成原理图46 导轨式8路窗帘控制模块 SR1605AB10 模块安装架构47 导轨式4路10A开关模块 SR0410AA11 EC-NET智能控制系统的架构48 导轨式2路窗帘控制模块 SR0410AB12 EC-NET智能控制系统的优越性49 导轨式8路10A开关模块 SR0810AA13 EC-NET智能控制系统的应用范围50 导轨式4路窗帘控制模块 SR0810AB14 智能照明系统方案51 导轨式4路20A开关模块 SR0420AC15 智能照明系统方案说明52 导轨式4路20A电流检测开关模块SR0420AD16 智能电源管理控制系统方案53 导轨式8路20A开关模块 SR0820AC17 智能电源管理控制系统方案说明54 导轨式8路20A电流检测开关模块 SR0820AD18 办公室智能照明系统方案55 86式2路5A开关模块 SR0205HA19 办公室智能照明系统方案说明56 86式4路5A开关模块 SR0405HA20 多媒体会议室方案57 86式1路20A开关模块 SR0120HA21 多媒体会议智能系统方案说明58 86式3路干接点输出模块 SR0405HE22 体育场馆智能照明方案调光类23 体育场馆智能照明方案说明59 导轨式2路1A调光模块 DF0201AA24 智能酒店客房控制方案60 86式2路1A调光模块 DF0201HA25 智能酒店客房方案说明61 导轨式4路3A调光模块 DF0403AA26 宴会厅智能控制方案62 导轨式2路6A调光模块 DF0206AA27 宴会厅智能控制方案说明63 外挂式2路10A调光模块 DF0210BA28 智能家居方案64 导轨式4路20A荧光灯调光模块 DA0410AA29 智能家居方案说明65 外挂式6路27A调光模块 DF0627BA30 智能别墅方案智能面板控制类31 智能别墅方案说明66 7寸可编程液晶触控屏 ECT-70CA主控类67 9寸可编程液晶触控屏 ECT-90CA32 导轨式主机模块 M0402AA68 3寸可编程液晶触控屏 KL0305HA-X33 86式可编程主机模块 MC001HA 69 3.5寸可编程液晶触控屏 KL0135HA-X34 导轨式可编程事件触发模块 K0102AA70 可编程触控面板 KT0106HA-X35 导轨式时钟定时器 MT0101AA71 可编程水晶触控面板KJ0106HA-X36 导轨式总线网关模块 ECNET-2 72 经典系列复位面板 KK0101HA-X37 导轨式总线隔离模块 EC-RS2 72 经典系列复位面板 KK0102HA-X电量管理类72 经典系列复位面板KK0103HA-X38 导轨式1路能源检测管理主机 MF0101AA73 经典系列复位面板 KK0101HB-X39 导轨式3路能源检测管理主机 MF0303AA73 经典系列复位面板 KK0102HB-X电源类73 经典系列复位面板 KK0103HB-X74 雅典系列轻触面板 KI0102HA-X87 多媒体信息面板74 雅典系列轻触面板 KI0202HA-X AV音视频+S端子插座 E86-AVS-X74 雅典系列轻触面板 KI0204HA-X87 多媒体信息面板74 雅典系列轻触面板 KI0303HA-X VGA视频+耳机接口插座 E86-VGA-X74 雅典系列轻触面板 KI0306HA-X87 多媒体信息面板75 雅典系列轻触面板 KI0101HB-X HDMI音视频+USB接口插座 E86-HDU-X 75 雅典系列轻触面板 KI0102HB-X87 多媒体信息面板紧急呼叫 E86-SOS-X 75 雅典系列轻触面板 KI0202HB-X87 面板连体外框二位插座外框 E86-2-X 75 雅典系列轻触面板 KI0304HB-X87 面板连体外框三位插座外框 E86-3-X 75 雅典系列轻触面板 KI0303HB-X87 面板连体外框四位插座外框 E86-4-X75 雅典系列轻触面板 KI0306HB-X87 面板连体外框五位插座外框 E86-5-X76 雅典系列轻触面板空调控制类无线触控屏类88 空调面板 TC0203HA-X77 网页服务器 ECWS-RS89 大金VRV空调协议转换器 TC0101FA78 8寸WLAN无线触摸屏 ECT-80A控制接口类79 10寸WLAN无线触摸屏 ECT-100A 90 8路IO输入输出模块 IO0404FA酒店控制设备类90 8路IO输入输出模块 IO0800FA80 酒店客控主机型号 MR0302AA90 8路IO输入输出模块 IO0008FA81 迷你数字功放 AP41591 64路IO输入输出模块 IO3232FA82 收音机面板 E86-FM-X 92 红外/串口扩展器 IS-N0806(网络式)83 插卡取电面板 KD0101HA-X(总线式)92 红外/串口扩展器 IS-0806(总线式)83 插卡取电面板 KD0101HB-X(IO口式)配件类84 门铃提示面板 KA0104HA-X(总线式)93 导轨总线汇流排 A001A84 门铃提示面板 KA0104HB-X(IO口式)94 导轨总线汇流排接口模块 A002A85 门铃提示面板 KB0104HA-X(总线式)95 导轨式EC-NET光端模块 ECF-1S(单模)85 门铃提示面板 KB0104HB-X(IO口式)95 导轨式EC-NET光端模块 ECF-1M(多模)86 房号门铃提示面板 RS-D135HA(总线式)96 CAT5网络双绞线分支器 EC-A006A86 房号门铃提示面板 RS-D135HB(IO口式)97 350x500电箱 A350-500A86 房号门铃提示面板 RS-S135HA(总线式)97 640x540电箱 A640-540A86 房号门铃提示面板 RS-S135HB(IO口式)97 770x570电箱 A770-570A86 房号门铃提示面板 RS-140*240HA(总线式)97 940x700电箱 A940-700A86 房号门铃提示面板 RS-140*240HB(IO口式)传感器类86 房号门铃提示面板 RS-240*140HA(总线式) 98 吸顶式红外移动双鉴传感器 S0102DA86 房号门铃提示面板 RS-240*140HB(IO口式) 99 照度温度环境监察模块 S1060HA87 强电面板LED地脚灯 E86-LED-X系统控制软件类87 强电面板二三极插座 E86-AC23-X100 系统控制软件87 强电面板多功能插座 E86-AC4-X部分项目案例87 强电面板86型刮须插座 E86-AC22A-X101 家居智能应用87 多媒体信息面板电视插座 E86-TV-X101 酒店智能应用87 多媒体信息面板电脑插座 E86-PC-X102 商业办公智能应用87 多媒体信息面板电话插座 E86-TEL-X一、EC-NET智能系统简介EC-NET智能控制系统，是以EC-NET总线结合TCP/I P网络通讯方式的控制电气设备。
智能技术与能源效率的完美结合——2010“ABB自动化世界”圆满落幕
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全 世界 的 目光 ，也 同样成 为 活动 期 间的 热 门话 题 。 而令 Ａ 值 得 自豪 的是 ，Ａ 参与 了世 博会 ５个项 ＢＢ ＢＢ ３ 目建设 ，ＡＢｔ 中 国） 限 公 司董 事长 兼 总裁 方 秦高 ３ （ 有 调 宣称 ： “ 北京 奥运 会 一样 ， 博 园多 个公 共 区域 的 照 明控 制 ； ＡＢ 的 气体绝 缘开 关设 备安 装在 中 国唯 一的地 Ｂ 下 ５ ０ 伏变 电站 —— 静 安 （ 博 ）５ ０ 伏地 下 变 ０千 世 ０千
丹佛斯FC301 302 选型指南
同时保护设备和操作人员
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 302 交付时的 标配是根据 IEC 61508/IEC 62061，带有 符合 ISO 13849-1 PL d 和 SIL 2 要求的 STO（安全转矩关断）功能。 此安全功能可通过使用 VLT® 安全选 件 MCB 140 系列和 VLT® 安全选件 MCB 150 系列进行扩展，以包括 SS1、 SLS、SMS、SSM、安全点动模式等。
使用最长 300 米的电动机电缆
VLT® AutomationDrive 的设计使它成 为要求使用长电动机电缆的应用的完 美选择。该变频器无需额外组件，即 可在使用最长 150 米的屏蔽电缆或最 长 300 米的无屏蔽电缆时，提供无故 障操作。这样，就可将变频器安装在 距应用比较远的中心控制室，而不会 影响电动机性能。
尤其令人印象深刻的是 250 kW、 690 V 型，它是当今市场上同等功率产 品中尺寸最小的，可使用 IP 54 机箱。
尽管尺寸紧凑，但所有变频器都配有 集成的直流电抗器和 EMC 滤波器，这 可帮助减少电网污染，降低 成本并减少外部 EMC 组件和接线的 工作量。
IP 20 型经过优化，可采用机柜安装，并 具有隐蔽电力端子以防止意外接触。 订购变频器时，还可选择在相同尺寸 的包装中包括熔断器或断路器。控制 和电源电缆在底部单独引入。
使用领先的经实践证明且面向未来的电动 机控制解决方案减少项目成本，确保最低 拥有成本并保持高效过程。
每台 VLT® AutomationDrive 变频器都基 于 45 年的经验和创新。易于使用，所有型 号都采用同一基本设计和操作原理。只要 了解一种变频器，即可操作其他全部变频 器。本选型指南可帮助您选择和配置适合 0.25-400 kW 应用的最佳变频器。
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World Smart Energy Week 2013 東京現場直擊系列報導三材料世界網編輯室/2013.3.4 Battery Japan 2013的電池材料趨勢觀察第三天的東京國際二次電池展會場，雖然是最後一天展期，仍然吸引眾多國際電池產業人士參與，也鑑於展會的代表性與重要性，已有多數廠商表達來年登記參展的正面意願，展會的影響力由此可見一班。
在其他電池材料展出部分，由於鋰電池黏結劑雖然市場出貨數量較少，但因其產品要求高且多樣化，價格高昂與技術門檻較高之故，屬於由少數廠商供應產業的寡占市場。
在本次參展的鋰電池黏結劑廠商當中，包括吳羽化學(KUREHA)、ARKEMA、ZEON、JSR等均有參展，其中吳羽化學及ARKEMA 均以現有技術體系與產品線展出為主；ZEON則將其黏結劑材料產品線分為水系與溶液系兩類，分別針對不同的電池芯製造需求提供不同產品，另也對於未來水系黏結劑應用在正負極均具備一定的信心。
圖一、ZEON展出之正極黏結劑產品特性另一廠商Toray所提出的鋰電池黏結劑樹脂，主要以polyimide(PI)以及poly amide imide(PAI)等組成，相較於過往使用的PVdF以及SBR-CMC等材料體系，廠商標榜更高的強度與彈性，以及對於銅箔更好的接著性。
廠商在展出資料當中提到，在此產品與AIST合作開發的過程中，應用於負極矽材料+碳材的循環壽命上有優於PVdF及SBR-CMC的良好表現。
圖二、Toray展出之PI樹脂黏結劑產品特性在鋰電池集電體材料當中，也有福田金屬箔粉、新日鐵住金、住友輕金屬等參展，今年以福田金屬箔粉展出相關新產品較受注目，該公司在本次展會展出因應未來新型正負極材料用高強度電解銅箔「Type A」，強調高溫下仍保持高強度，且可承受矽合金/錫合金負極材料的體積膨脹問題。
雖然筆者認為此項技術仍然需要實際進行生產電池芯測試後方可確認，但也可看出鋰電池相關材料廠商晚近配合能量密度提升研究下，對於銅箔的高強度要求在未來仍會持續提高。
此外，福田金屬箔粉在展場上也展出2010年業界出現的表面開孔型銅箔，開孔率可進行任意設定(最大開孔率65%)來配合電池特性，廠商已經小量銷售給鋰離子電容器、鋰電池、電雙層電容器EDLC用集電體。
圖三、福田金屬箔粉展出之次世代高容量鋰電池用高強度銅箔在會場上另一較為特殊的參展廠商種類，是進行電池再生回收的廠商，包括Japan Battery Recycling Center(JBRC)、Battery Reuse System西日本、Umicore等廠商。
長久在日本進行充電電池回收的Japan Battery Recycling Center(JBRC)，日本自1991年開始出現再生資源利用促進有關法律後，在2001年四月實施的「資源有效利用促進法」以及廢棄物處理法當中，明列包括鎳鎘、鎳氫及鋰電池作為產業廢棄物回收標的。
主要透過廣佈全國的3C用品販賣商店、便利商店、超市連鎖等體系，以及廠商和其他地方性團體等回收各項電池，再由JBRC聯繫將電池回收載運至業者處進行處理。
到2012年10月底為止，參與JBRC回收體制的廠商有287家，在2011年共回收了1,295公噸之小型二次電池，其中鎳鎘電池占896公噸。
超級電容器(Ultracapacitor、Supercapacitor)屬於儲電裝置當中，介於二次電池與電容器間的產品，目前在市場上以EDLC商品化時間較早(1968年)，且市場規模較大。
美國廠商Maxwell Technologies 在本次展會中展出其相關EDLC產品，以中大型市場產品為主。
廠商表示，目前除了單獨銷售EDLC以外，也提供模組化的產品，此外也提供結合其他電池、電動裝置之整合系統設計，由汽車動力應用、電動公車、航太科技應用、電力電子等作為四大應用市場。
圖四、JBRC目前現有會員一覽圖五、Maxwell相關大功率EDLC產品為期3天的東京國際二次電池展，正值開年期間，各國際廠商均趁此機會會面確認供應鏈搭配狀況與本年度營運合作各項計畫，可說是業界最重要的展會，集最新日本技術與商品化動態之大成。
從展會中觀察2013年的產業前景來看，由日韓中三國為領先國家的全球鋰電池產業，呈現三國分立下各有不同發展佈局的特性，其中又以日本產業結構體系最為完整，研發力與產業結構強度成就了今日鋰電池材料及電池市場龍頭地位；韓國雖然在材料製造與產品品質方面落後於日本，但憑藉兩大財團為主的戰略佈局，逐步由終端3C產品向上垂直整合電池製造與材料生產，也成為日本廠商的主要競爭對手與研究對象；中國大陸發展時間最晚，但仰賴原礦資源豐富、市場地緣優勢、業內主要本土業者支持等發展優勢，利用大型集團帶動投資鋰電池材料產業熱潮。
三國各擁優勢致力發展下，使鋰電池產業呈現了高集中度與主要生產國家高自製率兩大特性，年度成長性預料也將維持穩定成長方向。
PV EXPO 2013會場台灣廠商再巡禮持續前兩天的觀察，在PV EXPO 2013展場，有幾家台灣業者展出有關太陽電池材料之研發成果。
其中永光化學展示與國內大專院校共同開發之高效率染料敏化太陽電池材料－YD2-o-C8。
根據永光化學的說明，學校實驗室已驗證出YD2-o-C8，可製作出轉換效率超過11%之染料敏化太陽電池。
圖六、永光化學展示高效率染料敏化太陽電池YD2-o-C8材料嘉貿光電則展出利用超音波銲接之無鉛Al ribbon，此產品將應用於無法高溫焊接之CIGS電池上。
另外，還展示背接觸矽晶太陽電池用含銀之錫膠、LED及觸控面板上使用的導電銀膠，以及助銲劑等材料。
宇葳科技展示三種太陽能背板材料(EPP、CPP、PP)，這些材料目前皆已提供國內外各大PV模組商使用。
樂佳光能發表追日系統(PV Tracking System)，依不同產品應用的太陽能模組規格，推出PV、HCPV(High Concentrating Photovoltaic)、CSP(Concentrated Solar Power)單／雙軸追日系統，目前以歐、美、日與中東等先進國家為主要外銷市場。
台灣先能展示可攜式環保型燃料電池發電機、環保型燃料電池行動電源。
而台達電則在本次展覽展出包含最新產品30KW併網型太陽能逆變器、耐鹽霧之PV module(針對日本環境所設計)及蓄電裝置等多項產品。
台灣製作非晶矽太陽電池模組的旭能光電，與日本富士電機共同開發可攜式燈具模組，旭能光電將富士電機所製作的非晶矽太陽電池，透過燈具封裝設計，製作成極具特色之產品-EZ SOLAR LAMP，並在展覽現場販賣。
據云，該產品充電兩小時即可放電五小時，充放電至少可超過2,000次。
其他PV特色展品介紹日本SPHELAR POWER公司在展場展示球狀矽晶太陽電池，其電池發電原理與傳統矽晶太陽電池相同，差異在於矽晶電池受光面僅為正表面，球型電池則為全表面。
SPHELAR POWER公司將其設計成高穿透性透光模組，可作為簾幕等商品，兼具發電及遮陽效果。
在攤位上，還有設計在織布、行李箱及安全帽等民生用品的產品展出。
圖七、SPHELAR POWER公司發表建材一體之球狀矽晶太陽電池模組另外，日本Nippon Electric Glass展示多樣技術領先之玻璃產品。
其中最受矚目的是世界最寬的Glass Ribbon(20mm)以及世界最薄的Glass Ribbon(4μm)。
另展出FTO鍍膜玻璃基板，其功用是阻擋UV光避免元件老化，目前產品應用在染料敏化太陽電池。
此外還有超薄型輕量曲面鏡，此產品具有輕量、高反射率(波長選擇性反射)、可撓性以及高平坦表面等特色，未來構想是應用在太空發電系統上。
圖八、Nippon Electric Glass展示世界紀錄Glass Rippon韓國LG子公司LS industrial systems此次展出親環境、高效率之水上太陽光電系統設計。
LS認為水上太陽光電系統相較於陸上裝置，具有冷卻效果，發電效能將提升10%；水上太陽光電系統大面積阻擋太陽光直射海面，將減少綠藻之產生，可改善水質；水上系統構造體並將提供魚類產卵之環境。
圖九、Nippon Electric Glass展示世界紀錄Glass Rippon從專門技術研討會看電池材料發展主辦單位每年精心規劃的研討會常成為吸引人潮的重要因素之一。
Reed公司對於研討會的主題內容，係由各領域專家組成委員會後，精選業界最關心的議題，或迫切面臨的課題，作為安排研討內容的依據。
今年在二次電池方面，幾場演講非常精彩，皆呈爆滿現象。
茲舉其中三場有關材料的演說內容精摘如下，供大家參考。
在隔離膜方面，主辦單位邀請到Toray Battery Separator Film Co., Ltd. 的YAMADA先生說明最新發展趨勢。
隔離膜製程可分乾式與濕式兩種，全球供應出貨量現況以濕式佔約65-70%。
均一性良好及具備高機械強度是濕式製程的優點；而成本優勢則以工法單純的乾式製程勝出。
圖十、隔離膜的功能特性YAMADA先生認為，高安全性及高可靠性的鋰電池需求對於位居正負極之間，扮演隔離功能的隔離膜，應具備如下幾個特性:1.具均勻性的微孔分佈(分佈集中的微孔半徑約0.01 - 0.1 um )，2.高機械強度及3.高電壓的分解性( PE 可耐電壓超過2kV @20 mic)。
如此才能預防當電池發生短路或出現不正常狀態時，可使電池不作動，避免溫度上升而引發更多危害。
再則，為促使離子容易遷移功能，具高滲透性、均勻性的微孔分佈及優良的化學穩定性則有助於防止非一致性的電化學反應現象出現。
建立離子傳輸short down機制功能，當電池過充電時，較低溫的 short down機制可以安全的阻止離子的傳輸。
此機制特性可以1.在130℃快速關閉微孔、內阻可達106Ω。
Cm2及超過180℃時內阻可持續維持。
2. 均勻性的微孔分佈。
對於未來相關技術發展應用趨勢，YAMADA先生認為鋰電池特性要求高能量密度型者需要厚度薄、高滲透性的隔離膜。
高功率型需要高滲透性的隔離膜。
大尺寸型(儲能) 則需要厚度薄、高滲透性的隔離膜。
對於防止 thermal runaway 而要提高安全性及可靠性，需要有較低溫度的阻斷功能、較高的熱阻及較低的熱收縮(如陶瓷或高分子熱阻隔層)。
YAMADA先生介紹 Multilayer Co-extrusion Technology 具有較高熱阻性。
當溫度達到 135℃時快速關閉微孔，1 95℃時尺寸完好無缺。
圖十一、隔離膜較低溫度的阻斷功能特性曲線關於電解液的添加劑部份，UBE Industries, LTD 的Koji Abe先生認為，Li Salt + Cyclic Carbonates +Chain Carbonates 是基礎的電解液。