2021届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模试卷及听力原文和参考答案
黄浦区2020学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）2020年12月第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Brother and sister. B. Father and daughter.C. Husband and wife.D. Mother and son.2. A. A waiter. B. A manager. C. A salesman. D. A barber.3. A. He enjoys eating it. B. He cares little for it.C. He prefers fried seafood.D. He doesn’t want to taste it.4. A. The goods there were on sale last weekend.B. It’s the woman’s favourite shopping mall.C. It sold out 50% of the goods last weekend.D. It’s the cheapest shopping mall nearby.5. A. The woman isn’t satisfied with her clothes’ style.B. The woman is most probably pregnant.C. The woman doesn’t like the new family member.D. The woman is trying her best to lose weight.6. A. It is the only property she has.B. Her father asked her not to sell it.C. She inherited it from his father.D. She has nowhere to live after selling it.7. A. Call a repairman to come at once.B. Check the sink in the kitchen first.C. Clear up the kitchen right now.D. Stop the water from running immediately.8. A. She lost her purse. B. She forgot to bring cash.C. She failed to attend the concert.D. She was unable to get the student discount.9. A. Finish checking her reference. B. Complete the research.C. Put the material in order.D. Start typing the paper.10. A. The woman enjoyed the movie very much.B. The woman didn’t sleep well because of the movie.C. The man asked the woman to be careful at night.D. The man invited the woman to go to the theatre together.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She wrote several books. B. She managed a farm.C. She was a business woman.D. She worked as a nurse.12. A. 101 years. B. 76 years. C. 25 years. D. 22 years.13. A. Pictures in plain style. B. A successful art collector.C. A great American artist.D. The secret of living longer.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To concentrate for our quiet thought.B. To give full attention to the driving.C. To avoid being caught by the police.D. To be as casual as possible in the driving.15. A. In an elevator. B. At a special hall.C. In a bathroom.D. At a concert.16. A. By listening comprehensively and analytically.B. By taking a sonic bath thoroughly.C. By attending classical concerts frequently.D. By listening to an emotional piece of music.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Inquiring about the details of a trade fair.B. Booking rooms at a hotel.C. Complaining about the hotel room service.D. Giving suggestions on receiving guests.18. A. It’s a busy season for international tourism.B. There aren’t many hotels available in the city.C. An important economic event will occur.D. There is a big conference to be held.19. A. For five days altogether.B. From Dec.11th to Dec. 13th.C. From morning to night on Dec.15th.D. A whole day on the fourth day of their stay.20. A. The woman wants to reserve rooms either on the 1st or 6th floor.B. The woman has to pay 1200 dollars for all the rooms she has booked.C. Whether the rooms are accessible by wheelchair will affect the woman’s choice.D. Twelve people are most likely to attend the conference to be held on Dec.13th.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Consider the Mechanical PencilIf you used to collect small objects, I’m sure(if you were anything like my younger self) that you used to collect mechanical pencils.In one of the math preparatory classes I (21)______(go) to in elementary and middle school, we used to receive mechanical pencils as prizes for doing well on the in-class exams or answering questions in class. This was (22) ______ I built up my collection of Cadoozles, which are short mechanical pencils decorated with brightly colored spaceships and ice cream bars. But I’ve long since used up all my Cadoozles and a majority of the mechanical pencils that I (23) ______ (hide) in an empty mooncake tin so many years before, which makes me reflect fondly back on those old days, when receiving a mechanical pencil was as easy as drinking a glass of water.Mechanical pencils are not only more convenient than your traditional Ticonderoga in the sense that they never need (24) ______ (sharpen); they also produce thinner, cleaner lines, which is extremely important for drawers and drafters. Furthermore, they are environmentally friendly, since you don’t have to buy (25) ______ wooden pencil whenever you run out of lead(铅芯). You can simply refill your mechanical pencil! There is only one slight negative I must remark on, (26) ______ is that as someone who calls mechanical pencils “lead pencil” in casual conversation, the term “lead pencil” is confusing. Mechanical pencil lead is actually not made from the chemical element lead. It is made from a mixture of graphite and clay, which (27) ______ not give you lead poisoning. This is contrary to what my third-grade teacher said when she saw my classmate John clicking his mechanical pencil against his index finger out of boredom: “John, stop that! You’re going to get lead poisoning!” I think all the third-graders (and teachers) in the world would feel much (28) ______ (safe) if they knew what really made up the pencils they use every day.It used to be so easy to grab a mechanical pencil whenever I needed one, but (29) ____________ the mooncake tin has become increasingly lighter, I have learned to appreciate my writing instruments more. Perhaps I should have collected a few more Cadoozles when I was younger; perhaps I should have appreciated the feeling of holding up the mooncake tin when it was three-quarters full, hoping that there would always be a new pencil for me (30) ______ (use) tomorrow.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Science Isn’t Always Perfect— But We Should Still Trust It From environment pollution to climate change, we make decisions every day that involve usin scientific claims. Are genetically modified crops safe to eat? Is climate change an emergency? In recent years, many of these issues have become politically polarized, with people rejecting scientific evidence that is opposite their political 31 . When Greta Thunberg, the youthful climate activist, was asked by one member why we should trust the science, she replied, “because it’s science!”For several decades, there has been a(n) 32 and organized campaign intended to produce distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think-tanks whose interests and beliefs are 33 by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.That answer isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not 34 . After all, just because scientists more than 400 years ago were right about the structure of the solar system doesn’t prove that a different group of scientists are right about a different issue today.An alternative answer to the question—Why trust science? —is that scientists use “the scientific method.” If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around the house, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But this answer is wrong. But what is 35 declared to be the scientific method—develop a hypothesis(假设), then design an experiment to test it—isn’t what scientists actually do. Historians of science have shown that scientists use many different methods, and these methods have changed with time. Science 36 changes: new methods get invented, old ones get 37 , and any particular point in time scientists can be found doing many different things. And that’s a good thing, because the so-called scientific method doesn’t work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn’t prove that the theory it was 38 to test is true. There also might be many different theories that could produce that same 39 result. On the contrary, if the experiment fails, it doesn’t prove the theory is wrong; it could be that the experiment was badly conducted or there was a fault in one of the 40 .III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Travelling, at least travelling any considerable distance, means dealing with airports. I’ve seen my share of airports. They come in several 41 . The smallest I have been through was in the African town of Hoedspruit where the main waiting area was smaller than many schoolc l a s s r o o m s,s e c u r i t y a nd t i c ke t c h e c k i n g w e r e b o t h42 by one person who was also controlling the gate onto the airfield and you had to walk out to the plane and climb the stairs to get in. It was even smaller than Canada’s Moncton airport where the person taking the tickets was also one of the two 43 on our flight.At the other extreme are the 44 , modern airports in the world’s major cities. LAX, in Los Angeles has two parallel runways and provides the unusual opportunity to watch out the window of your landing aircraft as another one lands right beside you. Some, such as Beijing’s Capital International Airport, SeaTac in Seattle and the International Airport in San Francisco, like those in Hong Kong and Shanghai, have 45 terminals connected by different buses or underground trains. Finding a connecting flight often means changing terminals, which can be a little 46 .Heathrow airport in London, England, 47 that bigger is not always better. Heathrowconsists of terminals used by various 48 and is centered around an area that contains stores and restaurants. At Heathrow the tired traveller gets the 49 that they want you to spend your time in the stores because they won’t announce the gate from which your flight will leave until about an hour before flight time. Given that they start to get people onto the planes half an hour before takeoff that leaves just 30 minutes to find and 50 your gate, some of which are a 25-minute walk from the store area. There is absolutely no 51 for this because the airport authorities know even before the day begins how many flights are arriving and departing and where they plan to put them. If I have just come off one long flight and I’m waiting for another, what I want is a quiet place, not an area 52 bright lights and noisy shoppers.Travel, for me, is interesting but when I have to fly, getting there is 53 not half the fun. Airplanes are a very efficient way to move people long distances and airports are a(n) 54 part of the process. Most airports do their best to provide a good travelling experience but they are to be 55 , not really enjoyed.41. A. types B. cities C. areas D. sizes42. A. identified B. handled C. promoted D. processed43. A. guards B. astronauts C. pilots D. passengers44. A. tremendous B. crowded C. international D. fashionable45. A. flexible B. multiple C. available D. irregular46. A. exciting B. astonishing C. confusing D. encouraging47. A. regulates B. emphasizes C. encounters D. demonstrates48. A. functions B. departments C. airlines D. authorities49. A. recreation B. presentation C. announcement D. impression50. A. look for B. get to C. meet at D. check out51. A. exception B. doubt C. apology D. excuse52. A. filled with B. dominated by C. decorated with D. recognized by53. A. increasingly B. permanently C. attentively D. definitely54. A. effective B. optional C. necessary D. suitable55. A. simplified B. endured C. declared D. paralleledSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Sometimes when she felt bored, she would pick up one of the numerous biographies(传记) about herself and begin to note on it. “I never did that” or “simply not true” she would write roughly in the margins at the sides of pages. Since journalists, biographers and more recently even “bloggers” had been writing about her since the day she was born, there was plenty of material to edit. Not that her notes or corrections were ever shared with the authors. Lately, however, she even seemed to have lost her appetite for correctness. Did it matter anymore if things were not right?She knew that sitting alone chewing away on downbeat thoughts would not get her anywhere and would leave those around her confused and upset, should they ever catch her out. After all she was the decisive one, always on top of her game. A printed timetable for the following day lay on the table. A full day of openings and presentations, of smiling and nodding and flowers.Shaking herself out of her gray mood, she stepped over towards the computer where a sudden burst of energy gave her an idea. The screen flashed up in front of her but instead of clicking on the familiar icons which would lead her to the emails Randolph had considered she needed to read, she simply went to visit Mr. Google and began her search for train timetable.A dish heaped with multi-coloured jellies and plenty of ice cream, served by a white-gloved train waiter with a perfect moustache. So many years had passed but she still remembered the jelly dissolving on her tongue in small but delicious mouthfuls. Each spoonful had to be lifted delicately to her mouth under the watchful eye of her grandmother, who was a stickler for good manners. It was unlikely that they served jelly on the trains these days, what with all the concern about childhood fatness, but even a Spartan menu could not kill the romance of a train journey. As the timetable for Linehurst line flashed in front of her, she remembered that the Mayor of Alwoy would be expecting her to make a short, predictable speech at the opening of the new bridge.56. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. The main character is probably a journalist writing blogs about royal members.B. The main character is always busy editing plenty of material about herself.C. The authors probably had chances to get the notes or correctness from the main character.D. Randolph is probably an assistant or a secretary to the main character.57. Why does the main character recall the time she ate jellies and ice cream?A. She wishes that she were still a child so that she could eat jellies and ice cream.B. She is reminded of these foods because the thought of a train journey reminds her of them.C. She wishes she still knew where the handsome train waiter was.D. Today’s children aren’t allowed to eat the same things that she ate as a child.58. A “Spartan menu”(paragraph 4) would most likely ___________________.A. have mainly low fat, healthy foodsB. be suitable for a romantic dinnerC. include a range of sweets, but no jellyD. include foods which are easy to transport59. What is most likely to happen next in this passage?A. The main character will practise her speech for greeting the Mayor of Alwoy.B. The main character will decide to take a rail journey.C. Randolph will send some emails to the main character.D. The main character will update her blog on the internet.(B)Canals have to be built on a level, otherwise thewater drains out of them and the canal becomesuseless. This was the great problem facing the earlycanal builders, and they overcame it in differentways. The early engineers like James Brindley simplyfollowed the outlines of the countryside and kepttheir canals level even though it often meantchoosing very roundabout routes.Later engineers, such as Thomas Telford,developed a new technique known as ‘cut and fill’in which they fixed a level through very accuratesurveying. This allowed them to fill in the hollowson a route with the exact amount of soil they tookfrom the higher ground. By this method, very directroutes could be taken, which cut down the time of ajourney very considerably. A good example of thistype of canal is Telford’s Liverpool and BirminghamJunction Canal, which he began in 1826 to provide adirect route from the Midlands to the River Mersey.It was seldom possible to build a completelylevel canal, of course, whichever method was used,and most canals were provided with locks in whichbarges were raised or lowered to new levels. If youlook at the diagram on the right, you can see a bargebeing raised in a lock by means of water which wasallowed into the lock basin, or pound, from the upperlevel of the canal. When a barge had to be lowered,water was allowed out of the pound into the lower level of the canal.60. Brindley’s canals were less efficient, most likely because _______________.A. he was not a good canal engineerB. the techniques and skills available at the time were uselessC. his canals were built to keep the water drains outD. they had too many roundabout routes61. According to this passage, why was the ‘cut and fill’ technique designed?A. The outlines of the land could not be followed directly.B. It could make travelling distances shorter and save journey time.C. New surveying techniques had been invented successfully.D. The distance between the Midlands and River Mersey is great.62. Locks are needed in canals to _______________.A. help boats to travel in both directionsB. keep water levels changing all the timeC. allow large ships to travel in canalsD. transfer boats across differing water levels(C)In the ancient world, the practice of medicine was inescapably linked to supernatural belief and magic. That was until the Greeks made advances in the field and brilliant figures such as Hippocrates laid the foundations for our medicine today. Recognized as the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates realised what seems obvious to us today—that the observation and noting of symptoms is primary. He travelled across Greece teaching medicine, encouraging the view that disease had physical, not supernatural, explanations.Medical students still take the Hippocratic Oath, a formal promise made by new doctors that they will follow the standards set by their profession and try to preserve life, swearing to use their skills to heal and do no harm. One of Hippocrates’ theories was of the ‘four humours’, a belief that disease was caused by an imbalance of the four liquids supposedly contained in the human body—blood, phlegm, and black and yellow bile(a liquid produced by your organ which helps you to digest fat).Blood-letting was a common response to illness and was used until only 150 years ago in the mistaken belief that it would restore the body’s internal balance. But while the Greeks may have been wrong about the bleeding and the bile, they were still the first civilization to understand that diseases could be treated by using careful observation and logical thought.Aristotle, political theorist, philosopher and teacher, also studied the natural world from a scientific point of view. He was the first to classify organisms, and although his method may seem simple now, he divided them into two basic categories, as either plant or animal—he was the first to do so. Aristotle valued experimentation and discovered that evaporation, the process of becoming a vapour, turned salt water into fresh water. He was also a believer in the theory that all matter is composed of four elements—fire, earth, water and air.Hippocrates believed the four humours, related to the four liquids in the body, were each in line with an organ, a season and with different moods. The four were based on the Greeks’idea of four base elements (air, water, fire, earth). Although discredited now, the humours formed the basis of western medicine until the 18th century. They were:- Blood from the liver: associated with Spring; with courage and hope- Phlegm from brain and lungs: Winter; calm and unemotional- Yellow bile from gall bladder (胆囊): Summer; anger and bad temper- Black bile from spleen(脾脏): Autumn; with blue and dark mood63. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. It was the Greeks that made advances in the field of practice of medicine in the ancient world.B. The Hippocratic Oath is a formal promise made by new doctors to swear their responsibilities.C. Hippocrates thought disease was caused by an imbalance of the four liquids contained in the human body.D. Hippocrates was the first to believe diseases could be treated by careful observation and logical thought.64. The practice of blood-letting was based on the belief that ____________.A. the blood was polluted by virusesB. the human body was not evenly balancedC. the patient was in a bad humourD. too much blood was bad for people65. How did Aristotle find out that salt water can be turned into fresh water?A. He studied many books from a scientific point of view.B. He drew the conclusion according to the two basic categories.C. He made the discovery based on conducting experiments himself.D. He believed that all matter consists of four base elements.66. Why is Hippocrates considered the founder of modern medicine?A. He proved that there are four base elements in all matter in the world.B. He showed the procedure of how the four bodily liquids affected moods.C. He insisted that almost all diseases had supernatural explanations.D. He recognized the importance of the observation and noting of symptoms.Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Current evidence suggests that many of these benefits continue into adulthood.B. To increase physical activity for adolescents, the authors need to identify the manycauses and inequities.C. The authors say that levels of insufficient physical activity in adolescents continueto be extremely high.D. To improve levels of physical activity among adolescents, the study provides somerecommendations as follows.E. The authors note that adolescents’ participation in physical activity will continueinto adulthood.F. The study highlights that young people have the right to play and should be providedwith the opportunities to realize their right to physical and mental health andwellbeing.Adolescents Worldwide Not Sufficiently Physically ActiveNew WHO-led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active, putting their current and future health at risk. 67 “Urgent policy action to increase physical activity is needed now, particularly to promote and keep up girls’participation in physical activity,” says study author Dr Regina Guthold, WHO.The health benefits of a physically active lifestyle during adolescence include improved heart and lungs fitness, bone health and positive effects on weight. There is also growing evidencethat physical activity has a positive impact on cognitive development and socializing. 68 To achieve these benefits, the WHO recommends for adolescents to do moderate or vigorous physical activity for an hour or more each day. The authors estimated 80 percent of teens donot meet this recommendation by analysing data collected through school-based surveys on physical activity levels.69 Urgent scaling up is needed of known effective policies and programmes to increase physical activity in adolescents. Multisectoral action is needed to offer opportunities for youngpeople to be active, involving education, urban planning, road safety and others. The highest levels of society, including national, city and local leaders, should promote the importance of physical activity for the health and well-being of all people, including adolescents.70 Strong political will and action can address the fact that four in every five adolescents do not experience the enjoyment and social, physical, and mental health benefits of regular physical activity. Policy makers and stakeholders should be encouraged to act now for the health of this and future young generations.IV. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Singapore’s Information Technology StrategySingapore’s information technology strategy rests on two major legs. The first leg is world-class basic facilities. Being a city-state, it is relatively easy to connect every home, office and hotel room. Our objective is to provide broad-band everywhere, either wired or wireless. We will make it a readily available utility like water, electricity, gas and telephone. We are well on our way there. We now require, by regulation, every new home to be equipped with broad-band in the same way as it is required to have water and electricity.The second leg is the education of our entire population in IT(information technology). Like reading, writing and arithmetic, computers are best learnt when we are young. Today’s children can click the mouse faster than we can blink. In many countries, children of middle-class families have no difficulty with this new technology. But, without special effort, there is a danger that children of poorer families will miss out on the opportunity to learn IT. Like the piano and violin, one can still learn the computer as an adult. But rarely does one acquire the same facility. The strategy in Singapore is therefore to teach information technology to every child regardless of his family background. The Education Ministry now has a multi-billion dollar programme to provide one computer for every 2 schoolchildren in Singapore from first grade onwards. Every teacher will have a notebook.Most Singaporeans now understand the importance of IT, if not for themselves, at least for their children and grandchildren. Over 40% of households in Singapore now own PCs. Over one-third of households in Singapore already enjoy access to Internet. What we want is for every Singaporean to be computer literate so that he can function effectively in any bank, factory or restaurant, just as one would expect an employee to be able to read, write and count. An employer in Singapore in the future should not have to worry that his employee does not know how to use a computer or the Internet.。
2021-2021学年上海市浦东新区高三英语一模卷 配答案与听力原文 (1)
浦东新区2020 学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语试卷第一卷（90 分）I.Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $ 20. B. $ 32. C. $ 40. D. $ 60.2. A. Tailor and customer. B. Hairdresser and customer.C.Husband and wife.D. Housekeeper and host.3. A. At a hospital. B. At a restaurant.C.At a handicraft shop.D. At a grocery store.4. A. The woman mistook someone else for Smith.B.The man promised to meet Smith in Shanghai.C.The lecture was given by Mr. Smith just now.D.Smith would come to attend the lecture next Friday.5. A. She will go to see the play with the man.B.She has no interest in this play.C.She will attend a wedding ceremony with her sister.D.6. A. The man misunderstood what the sign said.B.The man bought the cigarette for free.C.The sign allows people to smoke in the room.D.The man annoyed the woman purposely.7. A. The slow delivery. B. The poor customer service.C. The broken parcel.D. The possible discount.8. A. He worked last night.B.He was recovering from his jet lag.C.He had some difficulty in falling asleep.D.He was knocked down by the car.9. A. The man doesn’t agree with the woman’s idea.B.The woman never takes the responsibility of supporting the home.C.The man suggests that the woman is lazy in house keeping.D.The woman is busy with her work so that she neglects the family.10. A. They are talking about football.B.The school soccer team has been set up.C.The man doesn’t want to be a substitute.D.The woman is persuading the man to join a club.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because Jobs suffered from the cancer.B.Because Jobs himself kept quiet about that.C.Because he was not rich enough to donate money.D.Because his wife prevented the public from knowing that.12. A. The update of smartphones. B. The development of medicine.C. The building of Apple’s headquarters.D. Some Tech companies in California.13. A. Mean. B. Creative. C. Charitable. D. Rich.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14. A. It can identify different flowers through its built-in sensors.B.It can record various smells digitally and reproduce them.C.It can make sweet smells by mixing flowers with vapour.D.It can create smells and give them off to any scene.15. A. It helps shoppers locate the right brand of perfume.B.It helps shoppers check out the perfumes before they buy.C.It helps make sure that perfumes are truly genuine.D.It can recommend right perfumes to shoppers.16. A. The device is made small enough to be easily carried.B.The device is sensitive to any smell the human nose can detect.C.Smells are programmed to accompany movie scenes.D.The device has recreated the smells of fish and gasoline.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because he didn’t have her number.B.Because he thought it was unnecessary.C.Because he wished his luggage would be found soon.D.Because he had to attend a business meeting.18.B.The cause of the flight’s late arrival.C.The number of his luggage check.D.The description of his luggage.19. A. On the plane ticket.B.At the information desk.C.At the check-in counter.D.From the record of his flight.20. A. Missing luggage is unlikely to be found.B.There are important documents in his luggage.C.It is possible for the man to get his luggage today.D.The man thinks it is difficult to find his baggage.II.Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section A（10 分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Since astronomers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called exoplanets, humans (21) (wonder) how many could harbor life.Now, we’re one step closer to (22) (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope, about half the stars similar in temperature (23) our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.Our galaxy holds at least an (24) (estimate) 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in a new study to be published in The Astronomical Journal.This research helps us understand the potential for these planets (25) (support) life. This is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of life’s origi ns and future in our universe.The study is authored by NASA scientists (26) worked on the Kepler mission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space telescope in 2018 after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescope’s observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy -- more planets than stars.(27) this result is far from a final value, it’s extremely exciting that we calculated that these worlds are this common with such high confidence.That’s a wide range of different stars, each with (28) own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water. These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, especially when even our (29) (powerful) telescopes can just barely detect these small planets. That’s (30) the research team took a new approach.Section B（10 分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Work is necessary to earn an income. And if you get good job 31 , it’s a bonus! But⼯资外的补贴）that your employer offers what can make it more worthwhile are the extra perk（s you as a reward for your loyalty and commitment.Employee 32 are commonplace these days. Traditionally, these have included a good pension and extra days off work. But when a job used to be for life, there wasn’t much incentive to try and keep staff. Now when millennials are 33 a position, they want to know the benefits they’ll get on top of t heir pay.But these perks come at a cost to an employer, and now technology is being used to discover if and when they offer value for money. The idea aims to enable a company to tailor what it can offer to 34 and retain the right staff.companies what their employees need to stay 36 and reach their full potential in38 the participants’ performance, they did the equivalent of 4.8 extra days of activity per month.It seems that if used in the right way, technology can provide greater 39 between an employee and the company. That can lead to a happier, healthier and 40 work force. But HR experts warn against relying solely on tech for deciding on employee benefits provision, they say.III.Section A（15 分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Racial Discrimination in ScienceYou might expect that science, particularly American science, would be colour-blind. Once someone from the country’s ethnic minorities has got bench space in a laboratory, he might reasonably 41 to be treated on merit（功绩）and nothing else.42 , a study published in Science by Donna Ginther of the University of Kansas suggests that is not true. Dr. Ginther, who was working 43 America’s National Institutesof Health (NIH), looked at the pattern of research grants awarded by the NIH and found that44 matters a lot. Moreover, it is not just a question of white supremacy. Asian and Hispanic scientists do just as well as white ones. Black scientists, 45 , do badly.One possible explanation is that review panels are inferring app licants’ ethnic 46 from their names, or the institutions they attended as students. Consciously or not, the reviewers may then be awarding less merit to those from people with “black-sounding” names, or who were educated at universities whose students are predominantly black. Indeed, a(n) 47bias has been found in those recruiting for jobs in the commercial world. One well-known study, published by researchers at MIT and the University of Chicago, found that fictitious CVs（简历）with stereotypically white names got 50% more 48 of interviews than did CVs with black names, even when the applicants’ stated 49 were identical.Another possible explanation is social 50 : It is in the nature of groups of experts (such as review panels) to know b oth each other and each other’s most promising assistants and followers. Applicants outside this charmed circle might have less chance of 51 consideration. If the charmed circle itself were racially unrepresentative, those 52 from the network because their racial group was under-represented in the first place would find it harder to break in.Though Dr. Ginther’s results are53 , it is to the NIH’s credit that it has published her findings. The agency is also starting a programme intended to alter the 54 of the review panels to see whether removing potential racial cues from applications changes outcomes. Other agencies, and not just in America, should pay strict attention to all this, and ask themselves if they, too, are 55 people of particular races. Such discrimination is a sheer waste of talent!41. A. expect B. cooperate C. decide D. challenge42. A. Similarly B. Evidently C. Unfortunately D. Undoubtedly43. A. in favour of B. on behalf of C. in honor of D. in the name of44. A. health B. nationality C. gender D. race45. A. however B. otherwise C. therefore D. meanwhile46. A. divisions B. customs C. origins D. designs47. A. unknown B. similar C. obvious D. strong48. A. feedback B. types C. elements D. offers49. A. qualifications B. interviews C. names D. researches50. A. security B. status C. networking D. order51. A. moral B. favourable C. casual D. minor52. A. excluded B. installed C. downloaded D. restored53. A. positive B. conclusive C. troubling D. encouraging54. A. position B. subject C. prospect D. composition55. A. reminding B. employing C. informing D. failingSection B（22 分）Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)At the 4th Street Photo Gallery on the corner of the Bowery, many photos are strung together like clothes on a laundry line. There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer.The city has been Mr Harsley’s home since1948, when, aged ten, he moved there from South Carolina. He took his first photograph ten years later, and became the first black photographer to work for the city’s district attorney’s office. His vivid pictures freeze moments in New York’s evolution from the 1950s to the present. “It could start with the smell of something burning,” he says of his method. “And then you see a family sittin g on the steps of a funeral home sadly looking at the firemen going through their routine.”Some of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment in Harlem; they include images of black activists, streets submerged in snow and shots of the Crown Heights riots of 1991. A.D. Coleman, a photography critic, says Mr. Harsley has been able to capture the lives of minority groups by making himself “invisible”. His aim has been to assemble these fragments（⼯段）into an extended history of the city.underworld. In the 1970s New York’s photography scene was flourishing, but exclusive. As Mr. Harsley puts it, “a number of great artists were swept aside” because they lacked connections. Helping talent became part of his mission. In 1971 he established The Minority Photographers, an organization that helps up-and-coming artists exhibit their work. He opened his gallery two years later; many photographers have had their first shows there.56.How does the author describe Alex Harsley in the first paragraph?A.undervalued but expertB. gifted but exclusiveC. unknown but devotedD. gifted but awkward57.What does the underlined sentence mean?A.His pictures show freezing weather in New York from the1950s to the present.B.His pictures capture the cheerful moments in New York since the 1950s.C.His pictures record some historic occasions of New York over the past decades.D.His pictures illustrate the vivid lives of minority groups in New York over the pastdecades.58.Why does Mr. Harsley make himself "invisible"?A.To assemble the minority groups of the city.B.To highlight the lives of minority groups.C.To help promising artists attract more public attention.D.To build connections between the minority groups and himself.59.How did Mr. Harsley help the other artists?A.He excluded those who looked down upon the unknown artists.B.He set an organization displaying their works.C.He established the connections between up-and-coming artists and famous ones.D.He reduced the rents of the gallery where their photography works were shown.(B)TROUBLESHOOTINGFor possible malfunctions as described below, please contact Customer Services at 1-800-2020-123.A.It has been used for many years.B.It is not plugged into the socket.C.Its temperature is too high.D.Its spouts are blocked.61.According to the table, which of the following is true?A.If coffee taste bitter, you may add some milk and sugar.B.If coffee is delivered too slowly, you may wait and activate the function again.C.If coffee doesn’t come out of spouts, you may check them with a toothpick.D.If milk is not frothed, you may use semi-skimmed milk.62.Where is the passage probably taken from?A.A coffee bean package.B.A cappuccino coffee machine booklet.C.A cappuccino coffee machine advertisement.D.A coffee machine quality report.(C)That easterners and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract mental life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses (假设) have been put forward to explain this.One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modern country whose people have retained a collective outlook. A second, that a higher rate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea.Mr. Talhelm realized that this idea is testable. Large areas of Asia, particularly in the north, depend not on rice, but on wheat. That, as he explains in a paper in Science, let him and his team put some flesh on this theory’s bones. The team gathered almost 1,200 volunteers from all over Asia and asked them questions to assess their individualism or collectivism. The answers bore little relation to th e wealth of a volunteer’s place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area. This difference was marked even between people from neighbouring counties with different agricultural traditions.63.According to the second paragraph, which of the following statements does the author mostprobably agree with?A.The first hypothesis fails to justify Japan’s ever-keeping collectivism as well as thesecond.B.The exposure to plague outbreaks increases the probability of the Europeans to turn backto individualism.C.D.Neither modernization, as with Europe, nor the once prevailing plague, as with Japan,gives any evidence that promotes individualism.64.What does the underlined word “stagger” probably mean?A.B.help something to develop more strongly because it’s about to collapseC.plan or organize something in advance to make it neat or attractiveD.offer something to somebody and receive something in return65.Mr. Talhelm studied the Asian volunteers growing wheat in order to find out .A.whether growing wheat results in more sharing behavior.B.whether growing wheat leads to more prosperous community.C.whether the local crop affects the local economy positively.D.whether the local crop is related to local people’s mental life.66.Which of the following can serve as the best title for this passage?A.A good beginning makes a good ending.B.The grass is greener on the other side.C.As you sow, so you will reap.D.You are what you eat.Section C（8 分）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.She says this may be because shame still surrounds those who seek help from mental-healthprofessionals.B.A mental-health law, passed in 2012, advised against the previously common practice ofconfining people in psychiatric wards against their will.C.Its members provide psychological support for nearly 30 people who lost loved ones to thevirus.D.She worries many people won't seek help though losing loved ones causes lasting mentalpain.E.Their efforts have enjoyed backing from the government, which has issued many instructionsto guide the mental-health response to the disease.F.These days many Chinese recognize that mental-health problems are common.Late in January Shen Yinjing, a therapist in Shanghai, volunteered to help distressed people in the coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she was running an online support group for people being treated in one of Wuhan’s makeshift hospitals for covid-19 patients. Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones because of the disease. (67) .Ms Shen is among a small army of mental-health professionals who have provided support during the coronavirus outbreak. Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psychological hotlines” for people suffering from depression. (68) .Such attention reflects a profound change in official and public attitudes. In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the country’s long-term development goals. (69) . The government’s “Healthy China 2030” plan, issued in 2016, called for a stronger “mental-health service system”(70) . Zhiying Ma of the University of Chicago says that young Chinese, in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more common in China. The study’s authors suggested that “rapid social change” was intensifying “psychological pressu re and stress”.第二卷（50 分）Ⅳ. 71. Summary Writing（10 分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Solving the Problem of E-WasteOne of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste – electronic items that are broken and not recycled.Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.There’s a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault."As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances. It’s thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining.These projects make total sense --- collections of e-waste for recycling are “depressing or even decreasing” according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there are no laws, much of it just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.V.Translation（15 分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.他处理这个问题的方法是有效的。
2021年4月上海市黄浦区普通高中2021届高三毕业班下学期第二次高考模拟考试英语参考答案
上海市黄浦区普通高中
2021届高三毕业班下学期第二次高考模拟考试
英语试题参考答案
2021年4月
I. Listening Comprehension
1-5CDBCA
6-10BCCBD
11-13DCD
14-16BCC
17-20BCBD
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
VI. Guided Writing
Omitted.
75.As graduation is approaching，I feel(both)happy and proud of myselfandalsorealize that only by continuouslearningand hard work can I achieve/havea promising future.
(58words)
V. Translation
72.Shortly afterarrivingin China，thetourists hadbetter appetitesbecause of the delicious food.
/Shortly after the tourists arrived in China，delicious food aroused/stimulated their appetites.
73.Shanghai Grand Theaterislocatedatthe People’s Square in thecity centre，unique in architectural style and graceful in shape.
74.There is growing/more and moreevidence that physical exercise has a positive impact/effectonchildren’sintellectualdevelopmentandinterest cultivation.
2021-2022学年上海黄浦区第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷(解析版)
上海黄浦区2021-2022学年第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷第I卷（共100分）I. Listening Comprehension（略）Ⅱ. Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Do Animals Dream?You can't see your sleeping pet's brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when Fido or Fluffy might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you'll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular and her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, (21) ________ slow - wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you'll notice a change (22) ________ her eyes move under her closed lids, Fluffy has entered the REM(Rapid Eye Movement),or dreaming, stage of sleep. Although she moves and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs (23) ________ (block), so she can't run about.Back in 1963, Michel Jouvet, a French scientist who was studying sleep in cats, (24) ________ (interrupt) their sleep paralysis, the state of being unable to act or function properly. (25) ________________ they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to chase balls that Jouvet couldn't see and bent their backs in invisible enemies. He figured he was watching them act out their dreams!What were they dreaming about? Mostly, the dreaming cats seemed (26) ________ (practise) important cat skills: stalking, pouncing, and fighting.In (27) ________ study, Matt Wilson, a neuroscientist, recorded rats’ brain waves while they learned mazes (迷宫). One day, he left the brain - wave - recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could locate exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is topractise important skills and nail down recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills (28) ________ were probably vitally important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, scientists think that all mammals dream, such as humans,dogs,lions,and whales, but fish (29) ________ not. (They're not sure about birds.)How often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when (30) ________ (lie) down.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Doubt Is Essential To ScienceThe confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is a(n) 31 way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties For example, a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their 32 beliefs. To the question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe?” 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say “it depends.”But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, science, when properly 33 , questions accepted facts and leads to both new knowledge and new questions—not certainty. Doubt does not 34 trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions?As a historian of science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often 35 as itsweakness: its drive to question and challenge a possible explanation. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new 36 emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of are challenged and even overturned, Doubt might be troubling, but it stimulates us towards a better understanding; certainties, as 37 as they may seem, in fact block the scientific process.Scientists understand this, but in the 38 fore between the public and science, there are two significant traps. One is a form of blind 39 —that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. And the other is a form of relativism borne out of alack of 40 in the very existence of truth.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.This ern of “Industry 4. 0” is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the capabilities of the smartphones in our pockets. It is a mix of low -cost and high -power computers, high -speed communication and artificial intelligence. This will produce smarter robots with better sensing and communication abilities that can 41 different tasks, and even adjust their work to meet demand without the input of humans.In the manufacturing industry, where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division, this will mean a(n) 42 shift from centralized to decentralized cooperative production. 43 robots focused on single, fixed. high-speed operations and required a highly skilled human workforce to operate and maintain them. Industry 4. 0 machines are flexible, cooperative and can operate more independently which 44 removes the need for a highly skilled workforce.For large - scale manufacturers, Industry 4.0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment and communicate in an industrial network that can be run and 45 remotely. Each machine will produce large amounts of data that can be 46 studied using what is known as “big data” analysis. This will help 47 ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plat, for example by better predicting when repairing isneeded and automatically 48 it.For 49 manufacturing businesses, Industry 4. 0 will make it cheaper and easier to use robots. It will create machines that can be rearranged to perform 50 jobs and adjusted to work on a more diverse product range and different production volumes. This part is already beginning to benefit from robots designed to cooperate with human workers and analyse their own work to look for 51 .While these machines are getting smarter, they are still not as smart as us. Today's industrial artificial intelligence operates at a 52 level, which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines, but designed by humans.What's coming next is known as “deep learning”. Similar to big data analysis, it involves processing large quantities of data in real time to 53 what is the best action to take, The 54 is that the machine learns from the data so it can improve its decision making. A perfect example of deep learning was 55 by Google's Alpha Go software, which taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go players.41. A. compare with B. adapt to C. pick out D. hold on42. A. extensive B. accidental C. convenient D. dramatic43. A. Traditional B. Removable C. Fashionable D. Potential44. A. temporarily B. thoroughly C. eventually D. initially45. A. arranged B. evaluated C. monitored D. composed46. A. gradually B. collectively C. similarly D. approximately47. A. identify B. reserve C. exploit D. indicate48. A. dominating B. imposing C. eliminating D. scheduling49. A. high - speed B. mass - produced C. small-to-medium D. multi-cultural50. A. multiple B. feasible C. profitable D. independent51. A. promotions B. improvements C. highlights D. resolutions52. A. separate B. peculiar C. narrow D. mysterious53. A. come up with B. account for C. give way to D. make decisions about54. A. difference B. commission C. phenomenon D. expectation55. A. introduced B. described C. prepared D. demonstratedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)For thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub. In fact, until a place has a church and a pub,it is not really considered a community worthy of a name, Traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town, where the people gather together to socialize and exchange news. They are institutions at the heart of British society. After all, the word ‘pub’ is actually short for ‘public house’.As a result, British pubs are often old and well preserved. Many of them have become historic sites. that tourists visit. One of the most famous examples is the city of Nottingham called “The Old Trip to Jerusalem”, which dates back to the year AD 1189 and is probably the oldest pub in England. It was the same year in which kings Richard the first came into power, who led the First Crusade into the Holy Land, towards Jerusalem.Many British pubs have old names referring to governors, such as The King's Head or The Queen Victoria, but of course this doesn't mean they are only for kings and queens. Pubs have always welcome people from all classes and parts of society. On a cold night, the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire. There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.That's how things used to be. but there are worrying signs that things are beginning to change. Economic downturns, governmental financial measures, and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business. People do not have a lot of spare money to spend on beer. On top of that, in 2007 smoking was banned in all public indoor spaces, including pubs, which may also have affected the numbers of customers going to pubs since then.This decline is happening despite the fact that pubs are now allow by law to stay open after 1l pm. Previously, with 1l pm as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly. The British habit of drinking is known as “binge drinking”, and it causes long - term health problems individuals and problems with violent crime for communities. The UK government is trying to find ways of discouraging binge drinking, and regularly spends money on television commercials to warnpeople of the problems of king too much.56. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. British pubs are preserved well mainly to attract tourists from all of the worldB. British pubs are quite popular and accessible to people from all walks of lifeC. Most British pubs are going out of business because of economic and cultural bansD. Most British pubs have to shut down to adjust themselves to meet the smoking ban57. Why did the UK government allow pubs to stay open after l1 pm?A. To stimulate customers to spend more on drinksB. To help British pubs survive economic downturnsC. To encourage more sensible ways of drinking in pubsD. To get rid of violent crime in most part of Britain58. The term “binge drinking” in paragraph 5 would be most likely to describeA. drinking too much and too quicklyB. social problems related to British pubsC. a new long - term drinking approachD. problems caused by drinking too much59. What will most probably be covered in the paragraph that follows the last in the passage?A. Different methods to welcome new customers to pubsB. Various advertisements encouraging people to quit drinkingC. The campaigns and strategies to support the traditional pubsD Trends of migrating back from the modern wine bars to old ones(B)Express Yourself!- The Art of CartooningTime: Thursday, January 6, 18: 30Welcome to the first event in our new series, Express Yourself! We will explore many forms of personal self -expression and discuss Breaking Barriers:The NHL's TrallblnzerWillie O'ReeTime; Wednesday, January 12, 18: 30American Short Fiction:Writing Our Storles x The Yellow WallpaperTime: Tuesday, February 15, 18: 30Quick to read and easily shared, the short story is said to be the literature of our times. We invite you on a journey to get to know some of the best short stories in American literaturo.The Yellow Wallpaper, by American author Charlotte Perkins (Stetson) Gilman, was first published in 1892 but persists in American culture as a literary touchstone. While it is a horror story on its surface, a careful reading reveals deeper themes of gender equality and the importance of self - expression. And in this time of global situation, it reemerges as a study on the effects of isolation. Join American diplomat Peter Fasnacht to discuss these themes and their connections to American society. Please read the story ahead of the talk. You can find the story he’e* Online registration is capped at 40 for each event. RSVP : http: //* The discussion will be conducted in English.60. Which of the following is NOTTRIF about the first event?A. William Denham will share his artistic hobby with the participantsB. The participants will explore various forms of personal self - expressionC. Drawing or cartooning experience isn't a must for the participantsD. The participants will be provided with essential drawing tools.61. What can we infer from the coming series?A. The story of Willie O'Ree is neither inspiring nor entertaining.B. The Yellow Wallpaper tells a horrible story revealing global emergencyC. Those who haven't registered online are also welcome to the eventsD. Applicants had better have a good command of English.62. Which of the following is the most possible theme of the series introduced in the passage?A. Arts and literatureB. Books and filmsC. Entertainment and interactionD. Heroes and achievements(C)Ellen Weiss can hardly see David Schmitt can barely hear. Are they typical victims of aging's cruelest blows? Not rally Weiss is actually a fresh resident doctor in family practice, age 30, and Schmitt a medical student, 26. They have been assigned roles, ages and particular illnesses as an innovative part of their medical training.Introduced in only a few medical centers so far, such role playing is designed to expose doctors to the pains endured by the patients. It is just one of several techniques being tried at medical schools and hospitals in an attempt to deal with the most universal complaint about doctors: lack of sympathy. “Residents are usually young and healthy.” says Dr. Stephen Brunton. “They've not really had a chance to understand what patients go through.”Role - playing programs give them a crash course. At Hunterdon, students' faces are instantly aged with cornflour and make up. Next the disabilities are laid on: gloves cripple fingers, and peas inside shoes prevent walking. Then the ersatz invalids are asked to perform common tasks: purchasing medication at the drugstore, undressing for x rays, fling out a Medicare form and, most awkward, using the bathroom themselves.At Long Beach, new residents assume made-up illnesses and cheek into the hospital for an overnight stay, The staff treats them as they would any other patient, even sending them a bill. The entire entering class of medical students at the Uniformed Services University of the Heath Sciences are issued bedpans and told to use them. Some are even subjected to an indignity: spending most part of the first day of school as people with disabilities.Instant patients usually start out activated and joking. “But by the end of a few hours, most say, ‘I'm exhausted.’” observes nurse Linda Bryant at Hunterdon. Schmitt discovered that “a major accomplishment was doing up my collar.” And, to his surprise, “I wound up hating physicians who didn't realize how much medication would cost and how hard it was to go and pick it up.” Weiss also learnt; “I realized how little I talk to patients. I might ask them about chest pains but not ‘Can you get dressed, eat O. K, take your medicine?” Jeffroy Ortiz thought he was in for a quiet rest when he was sent to the intensive care unit, suffering from “chest pains.” Instead he spent a sleepless night: “People were coming in to do labs, the man in the next bed was groaning, and the heart monitor was bleeping, which was noisy and scary.”Any patient could have told him so, but many educators believe the direct experience of such miseries will leave an enduring sense of sympathy, Doctors have long defended taking a cool, dispassionate approach to patient care, arguing that it helps preserve objective judgment and protect against burnout. But critics disagree. “By concentrating on symptoms and lab data, we ignore a wealth of information that can affect patients' well - being.” observes Dr. Simon Auster at the Uniformed Services medical school.63. According to the passage, the role - playing programme is designed ___________.A. as an innovative part in the local communityB. as part of the play the residents have to watchC. to help doctors understand the pains endured by the patientsD. to expose students to school facilities in a vivid way64. What does the phrase “the ersatz invalids” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Local patients who usually start out activated and jokingB. Students who make up their faces to look agedC. Doctors who perform common tasks that may not occur in real hospitalsD. Customers who purchase medications and undress for X rays with the help of students.65. The instant patients may feel most embarrassed when they ___________.A. fi11 in a Medicare tableB. are using the washroom on their ownC. are issued bedpans and told to try themD. meet with someone they know well66. What can be concluded according to the passage?A. Residents should always take a cool approach without sympathy to patient care in their jobB. Doctors ought to be completely independent from the symptoms and be previous lab dataC. Doctors may ignore information influencing the patients' health only by focusing on symptomsD. Experience in role - playing programs won't help the new doctors preserve objective judgment Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Social Integration - Welcoming the NewcomersSocial integration is the process through which minority groups interact, come together or are incorporated within a community, Increased social integration helps reduce conflict and tension in society, and it can help the new migrants feel more connected to their new community. How do different groups remain relatively cohesive in society?A few countries around the world have adopted integrated frameworks for their economic, social, political and cultural policies with regard to accepting these migrants into the local society.67 . This is to allow them to achieve their full potential in life. There are still ongoing efforts to integrate different cultures and races, and the governments have encouraged their immigrants to take an active part in social, cultural, economic and political activities.Integration takes place in neighbourhoods. work places, schools and public places where people from diverse backgrounds spend most of their time. 68 Especially among the younger children, being in the same class as their foreign counterparts will teach the local children the meaning of tolerance and empathy. Participation in sports, community engagement and volunteer work are also other possible ways that eliminate discrimination and other forms of intolerance. From participating in arts programmes to being parent volunteers in schools, these platforms provide opportunities for people to interact and work towards a common cause. Sports programmes have also been used to encourage social integration. In fact, sport can strengthen social networks and promote non - violence and respect. In these ways, meaningful relationships among those of different ages, racial groups or faiths are built on the basis of common interests.69 still, countries have also acknowledged that human movement across borders cannot be stopped Instead, it should be better managed so that migration is safe, legal and beneficial for everyone. 70 Indeed, the government and local communities play a key role in integrating these newcomers and empowering them to contribute to their new communities, while maintaining their identities.Ⅳ. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Seniority in Promotion Is Not a Wise Business PracticeIt's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. In the past promoting an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees' past performance nod seniority, In some cases, the individual's performance has been considered more important while in others the amount of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor. Nevertheless, seniority is a standard that has never been left out, However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots.Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are mare likely generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets, innovative and creative talents are sought by many companies in order to adapt to the market. To meet their needs,companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees since they are more willing to try Dew techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas. Thus, rather than promoting existing employees, it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent.An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. Simply put no matter how long they have been with the company, employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder, As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person, employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the entire industry. As a result, they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard.第Ⅱ卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 必须采取有效措施以防止病毒扩散。
2024届上海市黄浦区高三一模英语试卷(含答案)
2024届上海市黄浦区高三一模英语试卷2023年12月(完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分)第I卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers onyour paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.At a bookstore. B.At the train station. C.In a clock shop. D.On the street.2.A.They both prefer E-textbooks. B.The man is expecting printed textbooks.C.The woman is against the use of tablets.D.Neither of them needs tablets.3.A.They're formal. B.They're worth the price.C.They're out-of-date.D.They're poor in quality.4.A.Find a roommate. B.Move to a neat room,C.Post an ad for a cleaner.D.Reply to an ad,5.A.To make the computer beautiful. B.To protect his eyes.C.To get the computer to work longer.D.To keep the computer away from blue light.6.A.The movie theatre isn't popular in London.B.Londoners should have seen the foreign movie.C.Londoners had better learn foreigner languages.D.There is a great demand for foreign movies in London.7.A.The woman missed the discount. B.The woman isn't qualified for the discount.C.The woman fails to come to class on time.D.The woman can't join the new classes.8.A.Chase each other. B.Chat while eating. C.Prepare for a race. D.Serve a snack.9,A.It's suitable for her learning style. B.She wants to try different ways to learn.C.She prefers to connect notes to a story.D.It can strongly smooth her emotion.10.A.The hunting is to blame for the disappearance of the birds.B.The cause of the decline in the ducks'number is uncertain.C.She is unhappy with the climate change throughout the world.D.The man should find more scientific evidence for the birds'extinction.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages.After each conversation or passage,you will be asked several questions.The conversation and thepassages will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers onyour paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions ll through14are based on the following conversation.11.A.To ask for her help. B.To apply for the entry for the competition.C.To take back his copy of drawing.D.To confirm the name of his tutor.12.A.Improving the designs of saving energy.B.Designing a typical domestic kitchen appliance.C.Developing a new use for the existing technology.D.Adopting different approaches to existing problems.13.A.They don't sell well. B.They don't look appealing.C.They often cost too much.D.They vary in appearance.14.A.To push a button. B.To tum on the dishwasher.C.To decorate the pool.D.To break the glass.Questions15through17are based on the following passage.15.A.According to how important the work is.B.According to when the work occurs to you.C.According to how much you like the subject.D.According to when the work should be completed.16.A.Have a vacation, B.Reward yourself for finishing a task.C.Take some summer activities.D.Do something planned in advance.17.A.Those who lack time for study. B.Those who are good at making a plan.C.Those who prefer study to relaxation.D.Those who plan to study in summer.Questions18through20are based on the following passage.18.A.They expect to see receivers'happiness.B.They regard them as fashionable appliances.C.They want to show their taste in gift choices.D.They value the feelings delivered by the gifts.19.A.Their appearance. B.Their packaging C.Their price, D.Their usefulness20.A.Write it on the wish list. B.Tell givers directly what we want.C.Follow a gift-giving process.D.Browse Amazon to buy it.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Reconsidering the StaycationI've always been doubtful of the staycation.The newly-invented word is too cute for__21___ feels like a comfort:While other people are off exploring the Blue Lagoon by camper van,you get to stay in your very own home and go to your usual supermarket__22__cookies!So,I am fascinated to discover,thanks to my colleague Catherine Pearson,that I__23__(understand)staycation in a wrong way.Evidently,my tendency__24__(take)a break without a plan is unlikely to produce a restorative effect.Instead,one should make good preparations for that period of time.Jaime Kurtz,a psychology professor at James Madison University and the author of"The Happy Traveler:Unpacking the Secrets of Better Vacations,”advises__25_(ask)oneself,“If I were moving away soon,what would I most want to do,and who would I most want to spend time with?"I like this saying"Live every day as if it were your last."Any reminder that time is flying is a good one___26___it gets you to live better.This weekend,you could,for instance,seek out some vegan ice cream___27__doesn't taste terrible.You could try running in a pool,which is easier on the joints but as effective as running on land.You could go for a walk or a drive while listening to "Slow Radio,"a very comforting BBC podcast__28__(feature)sounds of the natural world.Whether or not you have a proper vacation__29_(plan)for the coming weeks,you could envision any coming weekend as its own two-day mini-break,programming it as you would a trip to somewhere new,with a journey__30__(exciting)than just"sleep as much as possible"and"mow the lawn".Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.airflows.B.block.C.challenges.D.cool.E.criticallyF.disproportionatelyG.Principles.H.reducesI.sensitiveJ.site-specificK.stretchesSkywellA skywell,or“tian jin”,as it is commonly called,is a typicalfeature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China.Skywellswere designed to reduce temperature in buildings well beforeair-conditioning existed.When wind blows above a skywell house,itcan enter the indoor space through the opening.Because outdoor airis often cooler than indoor air,the incoming wind travels down thewalls to the lower stories and creates__31__by replacing warmer indoor air,which rises and leaves through the opening.The main purpose of a skywell is to allow in light,improveventilation(通风)and harvest rainwater.In Huizhou,a skywell issmall but tall,and the rooms around it__32_out sunlight on hot days,enabling the bottom of the skywell to stay cool.Meanwhile,hot air inside the house can rise and escape through the opening above the skywell.Architects are now looking towards the__33__behind skywells while designing new buildings to save energy.One example is the National Heavy Vehicle Engineering Technology Research Centre in the eastern Chinese city of Jinan.The18-storey glass-walled tower block has a giant inner skywell in the middle,which__34__from the fifth to the top floor.The elevators, toilets and meeting rooms are all situated around this channel,which helps improve the lighting and ventilation and__35__the overall energy consumption.Ancient“green wisdom”such as skywells continue to inspire today's climate adaptive design and innovations in methods that depend on design and technology to__36_a building without the use of power.However,there are some_37_for bringing skywells into modern designs.The mechanisms of courtyards facilitating natural lighting,ventilation and rain collection are well known,but applying these methods needs to be__38_.Because traditional skywells had different shapes,sizes and features,which were___39___dependent on their natural surroundings,adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be_40_to their project's context and situation,making it difficult to apply them as a universal solution.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Turkey is not my thing,but one dish I cannot live without on Thanksgiving is my mom's Snowy Mashed Potatoes.I start___41___these potatoes,my annual time-release capsule of pure joy in early November.I'm pretty sure I've had them at every Thanksgiving since I was a kid,and bites often transport me back to different years and different dining rooms.How and why is it that certain foods give us so much__42___?And what can be said about the kinds of foods we consider most comforting?Science tells us that taste and nutritional content affect how foods make us feel,but certain foods are especially___43___satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content.Much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they stimulate for us and the people we're with while we__44___them.Past and present__45__shape the foods we find comfortingOften,we love food because we have___46___memories associated with it.My mom's mashed potatoes(土豆泥)remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family.We are also drawn to foods we were given early in life by people who cared for us,which can help explain our__47___love for chicken noodle soup,which many parents feed their sick children to make them feel better.The smell of food can__48_powerful memories,too.The part of the brain responsible for processing smell directly connects to the amygdala,a brain region that processes emotions,and the hippocampus,which handles memory.And our memory for smells is__49_and precise, especially when it comes to smell we were first exposed to in childhood.That's why you might catch the smell of pumpkin pie baking in the oven and be transported back to the first time you baked it with your grandmother.These___50___can go the other way,too.Sometimes you might feel___51___when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss.We may also___52___foods that we associate with bad experiences.In addition to past memories,the_53__in which we eat foods shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment,and our gustatory(味觉的)experiences can be_54_by a sense of community,a sense of warmth and enjoying it together.I____55____my mom's Snowy Mashed Potatoes that much more today because I got to eat them with my husband and two children,the three people I love most in the world.41.A.cutting down on B.looking forward to C.making for D.putting away42.A.perspective B.pleasure C.space D.transition43.A.emotionally B.financially C.physically D.visually44.A.enjoy B.memorize C.order D.recallpany B.menus C.outlook D.recipes46.A.cultural B.fond C.photographic D.shared47.A.collective B.creative C.lost D.parental48.A.awake B.correct C.preserve D.record49.A.bitter-sweet B.fresh C.long-lasting D.selective50.A.associations B.experiences C.foods D.memories51.A.alert B.amazed C.disappointed D.sad52.A.avoid B.consume C.store D.swallow53.A.area B.background C.context D.emotion54.A.enhanced B.offered C.reflected D.weakened55.A.adapted B.appreciated C.copied D.digestedSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman,who together identified a slight chemical change to messenger RNA,were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine this year.Dr.Karikó,the13l woman to win the prize,had come to the United States from Hungary two decades earlier when her research program there ran out of money.She was preoccupied by mRNA,which provides instructions to cells to make proteins.Defying the decades-old belief that mRNA was clinically unusable,she hold the view that it would stimulate medical innovations.She and Dr.Weissman had their first chance mecting over a copy machine at the University of Pennsylvania in1998.At the time,Dr.Weissman was desperate for new approaches to a vaccine(疫苗)against H.IV.,which had long proved impossible to defend against.A physician who had tried and failed for years to develop a treatment for AIDS,he wondered if he and Dr. Kariko could team up to make an H.I.V.vaccine.For years,they were at a loss.Mice vaccinated with mRNA became inactive.Countless experiments failed.They wandered down one dead end after another.But eventually,the scientists discovered that cells protect their own mRNA with a specific chemical modification(修饰).So they tried making the same change to mRNA manufactured in the lab before vaccinating it into cells.It worked.At first,other scientists were largely uninterested in taking up that new approach to vaccination.But two biotech companies soon took notice:Moderna,in the United States,and BioNTech,in Germany.Then the coronavirus emerged.Almost instantly,Drs.Kariko and Weissman's work came together with several factors of different research to put vaccine makers ahead of the game in developing shot.Brian Ferguson,an immunologist at the University of Cambridge,said.“The work of Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman in the years prior to2020prevented tens of millions of deaths and helped the world recover from the worst pandemic in a century.They richly deserve this recognition."56.The underlined word"defying”(paragraph2)is closest in meaning to"_________.A.challengingB.confirmingC.re-emphasizingD.stating57.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Dr.Kariko and Dr.Weissman's research?A.They teamed up for the treatment for AIDS in Hungary.B.They protected their mRNA with a chemical modification.C.They persevered until they made a change to lab-made mRNA,D,They manufactured mRNA in mice despite their countless failures.58.According to Brian Ferguson,Dr.Kariko and Dr.Weissman deserve the recognition becauseA.they took no notice of others'ignoranceB.they caught attention of two biotech companiesC.their work helped avoid the loss of countless livesD.their work prevented the outbreak of the pandemic59.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Chemical Changes Identified in the PandemicB.Approaches Adopted to Defend Against H.I.VC.Nobel Prize Awarded to Covid Vaccine PioneersD.mRNA Manufactured in a University Lab in USA(B)IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDSThe rice cooker can be used by children aged from8years and above and persons with reduced physical,sensory or mental capabilities or lack of experience and knowledge if they have been supervised/instructed and understand the bazards involved.Children shall not play with the appliance.Cleaning and user care shall not be done by children unless they are older than8and supervised.Keep the appliance and wire out of reach of children under8years.If the wire is damaged,it must be replaced by the manufacturer,its service agent,or someone similarly qualified,to avoid hazard.SERVICEThe product isn't user-serviceable.If it's not working,read the instructions,check the plug fuse(保险丝)and main fuse.If it's still not working,consult your retailer(零售商).If that doesn't solve the problem-ring Customer Service-they may be able to offer technical advice.If they advise you to return the product to us,pack it carefully,include a note with your name, address,day phone number,and what's wrong.If under guarantee,say where and when purchased, and include proof of purchase.Send it to:Customer ServiceSpectrum Brands(UK)LtdFir Street,Failsworth,Manchester M35OHSPlease note:If you have purchased the product within the last6months,please contact the retailer first to deal with any matters relating to guarantee.GUARANTEEFaults affecting product functionality appearing within the guarantee period will be corrected by replacement or repair at our option provided the product is used and maintained in accordancewith the instructions.Your legal rights are not affected.Guarantee period=2years from first retail purchase.To claim an extra1-year guarantee,register your product online within28days of purchase.Consumables are guaranteed only for their recommended lifecycle.Replacements are excluded and are only covered by a1-year guarantee.60.What can9-year-olds do with the rice cooker?A.They can clean or repair it alone.B.They can use it with proper instruction.C.They can play with it as long as it is not in use.D.They can supervise their younger brothers who use it.61.Jennifer bought a rice cooker10months ago and now there is something wrong with it,what can she do?A.Call her retailer to extend the guarantee period.B.Self-check the appliance before asking for help.D.Return the cooker with contact&purchasing information without the recipe.62.You can replace a faulty rice cooker in the third year from your purchase ifA.it has been repaired by your retailer or a service agentB.the product functionality hasn't been affected seriouslyC.you have registered the cooker online as soon as you buy itD.its consumables are guaranteed for their recommended lifecycle(C)①A group of41states and the District of Columbia began a legal case against Meta,the parent company of Facebook,Instagram,WhatsApp and Messenger,insisting that the company knowingly used features on its platforms to cause children to overuse them.The accusations in the lawsuit raise a deeper question about behavior:Are young people becoming addicted to social media and the internet?Here's what the research has found.②David Greenfield,a psychologist and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction in West Hartford,Conn.,said the devices tempt users with some powerful approaches. One is“intermittent reinforcement,"which creates the idea that a user could get a reward at any time.But when the reward comes is unpredictable.Adults are easily influenced,he noted,but young pcople are particularly at risk,because the brain regions that are involved in resisting temptation and reward are not nearly as developed in children and teenagers as in adults. Moreover,the adolescent brain is especially accustomed to social connections,and“social media is all a perfect opportunity to connect with other people.”③For many years,the scientific community typically defined addiction in relation to substances, such as drugs,and not behaviors,such as gambling or internet use.That has gradually changed.In 2013,the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,the official reference for mental health conditions,introduced the idea of internet gaming addiction.④A subsequent study explored broadening the definition to"internet addiction."The author suggested further exploring diagnostic criteria and the language,for instance,noting that terms like“problematic use”and even the word"internet"were open to broad interpretation,given the many forms the information and its delivery can take.⑤Dr.Michael Rich,the director of the Digital Wellness Lab at Boston Children's Hospital,said he discouraged the use of the word"addiction"because the internet,if used effectively and with limits,was not merely useful but also essential to everyday life.⑥Greenfield agreed that there clearly are valuable uses for the internet and that the definition of how much is too much can vary.But he said there also were obvious cases where immoderate use disturbs school,sleep and other vital aspects of a healthy life.Too many young consumers"can't put it down,"he said."The internet,including social media like Meta,are the drugs affecting the mind.”63.What was Meta accused of?A.It added problematic features to its platform.B.It started a discussion to mislead young people.C.It tempted children to use social media too much.D.It conducted illegal research on its parent company.64.According to David Greenfield,users tend to be addicted to social media and the internet due to_______.A.their under-developed brainB.the random pattern of rewardsC.their desire to be socially connectedD.the possibility of escaping from reality65.What can be concluded about the study introduced in Paragraph4?A.Addiction is something about behaviors instead of substances.B.The online language can be interpreted from a broad perspective.C.Current diagnostic criteria of"internet addiction”isn't satisfactory.D.There should be an agreement on the definition of the word"internet".66.Dr.Michael Rich and David Grecnfield both agree thatA.proper use of the internet does good to childrenB.the internet is to blame for disturbing healthy lifeC.there are cases against immoderate use of the internetD.the word"addiction"is improperly used on the internetSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Do I even want them?On whose clock?B.Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head?C.This time,quitting her job led to her first album,television appearances and sold-out shows.D.Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else's timeline,maybe it's fine to make our own.E.People are feeling like they're falling behind,when in fact they're probably doing exactly what they should.F.She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work figuring she'd never catch up.Defining Success on Your Own Terms“You go to college right out of high school.That's the rule,right?”says Nikki Ivey,a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville,Fla.However,it's not the case for her.Actually,she got her undergraduate degree at28.________67________One by one,she missed the milestones she'd envisioned in some imaginary dream life: earning six figures by30,buying a house by35.Then she hit one—attaining a high-level executive position in a company.She didn't love the job.She did love sitting around the dinner table laughing with her kids."________68________"she asked herself.She ended up leaving the job,and started to wonder about all those milestones.Danielle Ponder had a career as a lawyer before dedicating herself to singing full time. Working as a public defender in Rochester,N.Y.,Danielle Ponder would frequently Google, "Did anyone make it after the age of35?”At one point,she quit her day job,only to return a year and a half later,due to the pandemic and disappointing bookings.On the last day of2021,five days before her40birthday,she tried again._________69________“I don't know if I could survive this happening to me at19,"she says.She thinks her insecure teen self wouldn'thave handled the stress of the public eye well.It can be hard to make a transition later in life._______70_______IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Why companies are hiring'prompt engineers?With the new generative AI tools,like ChatGPT,anyone can put in a prompt—type in a fewwords and get a result.But that doesn't mean that the results will be relevant or accurate.The key is putting in the right prompt.That's why some businesses are now hiring prompt engineers-people with the skills,background and practice to talk to so-called large-language Al systems effectively-and why many people expect prompt engineering to be a desirable skill for many kinds of workers to add to their resumés.In general,the more detailed the request,the closer the response will come to what the user is looking for.But the most effective prompt engineering goes beyond adding detail.For one thing,adding the right detail to get the best response is crucial.Also,there are many ways to guide how an AI system presents the information it finds,depending on the goal—telling it to write in a certain style or for a certain audience,for instance.Each tool also has particular capabilities and limitations that users can learn to tackle.And the best results often come from an extended conversation with the Al,reacting to what it produces and asking for refinements.Even for people applying to jobs that don't clearly mention prompt engineering,having this skill could become essential for all sorts of roles.Art directors could use generative AI to outline ideas,and marketers could use it to develop new slogans.Software engineers could use it to find problems with their wyers could use it to research a piece of law.This is going to be a foundational skill that all of us need to know.The through line is when you learn a new skill,you can take it in any direction you like.第Ⅱ卷(共40分)V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.参观这家博物馆能带你回到20世纪30年代。
2021年4月上海市黄浦区普通高中2021届高三毕业班下学期第二次高考模拟考试英语试题及答案
绝密★启用前上海市黄浦区普通高中2021届高三毕业班下学期第二次高考模拟考试英语试题2021年4月（完卷时间：120分钟总分：140分）第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Customer and salesperson. B. Employer and employee.C. Interviewer and jobseeker.D. Consultant and student.2. A. About 108. B. About 180. C. About 216. D. About 360.3. A. In a professor’s workshop. B. In a doctor’s office.C. At a university laboratory.D. At a hotel reception.4. A. She takes no notice of the board.B. She thinks the noticeboard is too dark.C. She doesn’t understand the notice either.D. She can’t see what’s in the notice clearly.5. A. Type for a few minutes. B. Take her to have a rest.C. Look for another typist.D. Finish writing the report.6. A. Johnson was late for their dinner yesterday.B. Johnson didn’t show up at the dinner time yesterday.C. He didn’t call Johnson to have dinner together yesterday.D. He couldn’t go to Johnson’s house for dinner yesterday.7. A. The man needs ten minutes to ride the woman to the hotel.B. The woman will arrive at the hotel ten minutes later than planned.C. The man doesn’t think he can manage to reach the hotel in ten minutes.D. The woman doesn’t hope he will be able to drive quickly to the hotel.8. A. To pick him up. B. To give him a ring.C. To convey a message.D. To return home at once.9. A. He says that it costs too much money.B. He thinks it does harm to the environment.C. He believes it is sure to bring huge profits.D. He knows nothing about the construction of it.10. A. The man has finished the project.B. The man wants to apologize to the woman.C. The woman will let Bob call the man.D. The woman is losing patience with the man.Section BDirections:In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation，you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It is usually given immediately by a physician.B. It usually makes the services of a doctor unnecessary.C. It usually causes the confusion of the first aider.D. It is usually done by someone in accidents or emergencies.12. A. Asking for sound suggestions. B. Finding out the cause of the。
上海市黄浦区2022届高三上学期期终调研测试(一模)英语试题 Word版含答案
黄浦区2021学年度第一学期高三班级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分）2022年1月5日下午第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the bank. B. In the library.C. In the restaurant.D. In the supermarket.2. A. Travel to Shanghai. B. Have a meeting.C. Dine with Mr. Kim.D. Discuss their program.3. A. Salesman and customer. B. Husband and wife.C. Manager and secretary.D. Father and daughter.4. A. H e didn’t want to come early. B. He carried a heavy bag.C. He was delayed by a heavy truck.D. He was held up in a traffic jam.5. A. The woman will go to the airport by taxi. B. The woman is asking the man for help.C. The woman’s car has broken down.D. The woman really likes taking buses.6. A. He also thinks Tina looks great. B. He thinks Tina should get a new dress.C. He doesn’t agree with the woman.D. He doesn’t like Tina’s silver dress.7. A. She moved to Washington when she was young.B. She can provide little useful information.C. She will show the man around Washington.D. She will ask someone else to help the man.8. A. He can speak German. B. He knows both English and German.C. He can read German books.D. He knows nothing about German.9. A. She couldn’t believe that the news about James was true.B. She felt sorry for James’ being caught cheating by teachers.C. She thought James shouldn’t have cheated in the final exam.D. She showed no interest in any news about exams at all.10. A. He acted in the play at the last minute.B. He decided to quit at the last minute.C. He wa sn’t supposed to take part in the play.D. He made up his mind to act in the play.Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 9:00am-8:00pm B. 5:00am-9:00pm C. 9:30am-5:30pm D. 5:30am-9:30pm12. A. Candies. B. Cigarettes. C. Newspapers. D. Stamps.13. A. Small stores usually have a one-hour break during lunch time.rge food shops stay open for more hours on Thursday and Friday.C. Most shops are closed in the afternoon on Tuesday and Thursday.D. It is convenient for foreign visitors to shop on Sundays.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. 50 million dollars. B. 144 million dollars.C. 158 million dollars.D. 160 million dollars.15. A. It was shown for four days in many countries.B. It was made and produced in 1973.C. It was based on the story of wars among planets.D. It told a story which happened not long ago.16. A. “Revenge of the Sith” is the best in the series of six “Star Wars” movies.B. The action in the new film is exciting and the special effects are terrific.C. “Revenge of the Sith” is especially suitable for children to watch.D. It has more violent actions than all the other “Star Wars” films.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)ChicagoChicago is an incredible city and a key business center for the Midwest. That means that sooner or later most business travelers (25)_______(find) themselves there. This City Guide for Chicago provides business travelers with all the information they need (26)_______(plan) a successful trip to Chicago. Of course, it also help you find out how to enjoy (27)_______ while you’re there.Unless you’re just in Chicago for the day, there’s a good chance that you’ll have some time after work to explore the sleepless city and (28)_______ you’re ready to take a break from business meetings or simply want to throw in some sightseeing after a busy week at work. (29)_______ _______ _______ help business travelers plan their free time better, we’ve created this overview of things to do in Chicago. We’ll help you feel at home in one of America’s biggest cities.If you’re mainly going to be downtown, the buses and trains and taxis can pretty quickly move you around. To make it easy, we’ve pulled together a complete list of the transportation options for business travelers to Chicago. Of course, business travelers (30)_______ also want to compare prices on rental cars in Chicago, especially if they need transportation to the surrounding suburbs.Chicago has a huge range of dining options. You can always get some real comfort food there, but when it comes to business lunches or dinners, it’s nice to have something a little (31)_______(nice).Chicago is a wonderful city for business travelers. Hotel options range from ultra-fancy in town to cheap and convenient in the suburbs. While it’s relatively easy to move around Chicago, it’s still a good idea for business travelers to know (32)_______ they need to be during the day and to select a hotel nearby. Alternatively, you can select a hotel that’s in the heart of the downtown area.(B)Special Public BudgetGraffiti (涂鸦) Vandalism (有意破坏公物的行为)in Adelaide costs the public purse more than two million dollars a year, which (33)_______(reveal). Ratepayers and taxpayers foot the bill for continual cleanups of graffiti from metropolitan bus shelters, public buildings and reserves, TransAdelaide alone spends about one million dollars a year (34)_______(remove) graffiti from buses and trains. And Adelaide’s 27 metropolitan councils expect to spend at least one million dollars this financial year on graffiti clean-ups.However, costs would be hundreds of thousands of dollars higher (35)_______ councils did not rely on volunteers or criminals serving community service orders to do the work. Glenelg Council, for example, has a Correctional Services Department team which removes graffiti from the foreshore area at least once a week. Other councils, (36)_______ Elizabeth, Noarlunga and Payneham, have employed special anti-graffiti officers. Salisbury is among those councils (37)_______ call on a data bank of volunteers to immediately paint out graffiti “tags”.Despite the “tagging” of the War Memorial on North Terrace (38)_______ (follow) by the public outcry 18 months ago, several councils have reported a significant increase in graffiti attacks.“We have budgeted $53,200 for clean-ups this year, but we will go over that. Each year the budget goes up by 15 or 20 per cent,” an Elizabeth City Council spokesman said yesterday, “It really is (39)_______ enormous social problem.”A spokesman for Stirling Council said his council could easily spend $20,000 a year on graffiti, but could not afford $6,000 for the most offensive or obvious work. “It’s not a matter of how much graffiti you have, (40)_______ how much you can afford to clean up,” he said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. NoteChinese traders were recorded as making voyages to the north coast of Australia from the 1750s, but were probably visiting Australia long before. Chinese men arrived in Australia in small numbers after the 1788 British settlement as free settlers and criminals. A small population grew rapidly after 1848 under a system of indentured（契约的）labour, after China had __41__ its ports to foreign trade in 1842. They worked in rural New South Wales as cooks, farm labourers and etc.Indentured Chinese __42__ worked in all colonies variously as station hands, plantation workers, miners, on public works, cabinet makers, personal servants and in laundries. Most came from the south-eastern provinces of Guangdong and Fujian.Due to labour __43__ in West Australia, the Colonial Government organized Chinese contract labour between 1847 and 1898, most working as labourers, cooks and gardeners. Many Chinese people came from rural backgrounds and brought with them __44__ and water management skills. By 1885, there were 54 Chinese market gardens in Sydney. By 1901, 67% of New South Wales market gardeners were Chinese.Gold rushes in Victoria in the 1850s and New South Wales in the 1860s significantly __45__ the population of Chinese immigrants in Australia; about 45,000 prospectors arrived in Victoria alone in 1854-58. Numbers continued to increase as gold and other __46__ were discovered in Queensland, Northern Territory and Tasmania.When mining became less __47__, many Chinese people worked successfully to provide goods and services such as furniture making, market gardening, fishing and, particularly, store-keeping including the import and export of goods from overseas. Chinese goods, especially tea, silk, vegetables, herbs and other spices were highly sought after items of trade by non-Chinese people. Tea rooms, importing and selling many varieties of tea, were very popular. Chinese silk was turned into __48__ evening wear and cloaks by Chinese tailors and seamstresses.Today there is a culturally diverse Chinese __49__ in Australia with links to south-eastern China as well as Vietnam and Hong Kong. The Chinese communities in Australia are brought together every year by __50__ of Lunar New Year.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.New Tech Network, a new education organization, strives to ensure all students have the skills, knowledge, and attributes they need to thrive in post-secondary education, career and civic life.New Tech Network cooperates with district leaders, administrators, and teachers who share a common purpose: to provide an education in which students acquire knowledge and develop skills vital to __51__ in the post-secondary path of their choosing. The New Tech design is simply a blueprint, __52__ a set of core beliefs, tools, and strategies to help each school fulfill its purpose. New Tech design principles provide for an __53__ approach centered onproject-based learning, a culture that enables students and teachers, and the use of technology in the classroom. Through extensive professional development, personalized coaching, and access to Echo, New Tech Network, a learning __54__ system, enables principals, teachers, and students to develop relevant and meaningful learning communities.TEACHING THAT ENGAGESA K-12 PathwayThrough project-based learning, internships（见习期）, dual enrollment, and other experiences in New Tech schools, students are well __55__ post-secondary pursuits.__56__, New Tech Network has worked with public school districts to redesign high schools. More recently, however, New Tech Network is partnering with several school districts to __57__ New Tech middle schools and elementary schools. In some districts, this provides students with a K-12 pathway. In elementary and middle schools, the design principles are the same—teaching that engages, culture that empowers, and technology that enables. As the elementary and middle schools mature, New Network will measure success on student __58__.Learning __59__The years spent in a New Tech school allow students to gain the academic and deeper learning skills necessary for success in any post-secondary option. New Tech students learn disciplinary knowledge and skills to conduct inquiry and solve real-world problems. Throughout a project, they cooperate with peers, facilitators, and experts in the field. Students __60__ their learning through effective oral and written communication for authentic audiences.Ownership of their learning experience and engagement in relevant and challenging tasks helps students develop a sense of agency, a skill essential to success in __61__, career, and civic duty.Project-Based LearningProject-based learning is at the heart of New Tech Network’s instructional approach. Students cooperate on projects, ranging in __62__ from two to eight weeks, which require critical thinking and communication. Projects often occur in integrated subject area courses, where Entry Events, the Need-to-Know (NTK) process, and skill building workshops support student-centred learning. During projects, students often engage with subject matter experts who provide feedback on real-world products. Through project-based learning, students not only master__63__ content, but also successfully apply content when solving authentic problems.__64__ -Based InternshipsNew Tech students also engage in experiences designed to prepare them for success in the contemporary workplace. By cooperating with others on projects, students acquire a level of responsibility similar to a __65__ work environment. Students engage with field experts and community stakeholders(利益相关者) during projects, and final products are presented to authentic audiences. Additionally, two-thirds of New Tech high schools offer such practical activities, with nearly half of all seniors participating.51. A. success B. rescue C. survival D. reform52. A. owing to B. getting rid of C. depending on D. accompanied by53. A. intermediate B. intelligent C. instructional D. informative54. A. innovation B. requirement C. management D. negotiation55. A. related to B. prepared for C. classified by D. compared with56. A. Accidentally B. Accordingly C. Absolutely D. Historically57. A. evaluate B. observe C. connect D. create58. A. teaching B. learning C. engaging D. developing59. A. Problems B. Outcomes C. Strategies D. Discipline60. A. demonstrate B. promote C. highlight D. motivate61. A. elementary schools B. middle schoolsC. high schoolsD. college62. A. length B. courses C. topics D. targets63. A. advanced B. academic C. complex D. adequate64. A. Network B. Workshop C. Community D. College65. A. permanent B. professional C. popular D. familiarSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Rosalind Franklin always liked facts. She was logical and precise, and impatient with things that were otherwise. She decided to become a scientist when she was 15. She passed the examination for admission to Cambridge University in 1938, and it sparked a family crisis. Although her family was well-to-do and had a tradition of public service and charity, her father disapproved of university education for women. He refused to pay.An aunt stepped in and said Franklin should go to school, and she would pay for it. Franklin’smother also took her side until her father finally gave in.She was invited to King’s College in London to join a team of scientists. The leader of the team assigned her to work on DNA with a graduate student. Franklin’s assumption was that itwas her own project. The laboratory’s second-in-command, Maurice Wilkins, was on vacation atthe time, and when he returned, their relationship was puzzling. He assumed she was to assist hiswork; she assumed she’d be the only one working on DNA. They had powerful personalitydifferences as well: Franklin direct, quick, decisive, and Wilkins shy, hesitant, and passive.In 1953, Wilkins changed the course of DNA history by disclosing, without Franklin’s permission, her Photo 51 to competing scientist James Watson, who was working on his own DNA model with Francis Crick at Cambridge. Upon seeing the photograph, Watson said, “My jaw fell open and my pulse began to race,”according to author Brenda Maddox who wrote the book Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA.The two scientists did in fact use what they saw in Photo 51 as the basis for their famous model of DNA, which they published on March 7, 1953, and for which they received a Nobel Prize in 1962. Crick and Watson were also able to take most of the credit for the finding: they included a footnote acknowledging that they were “stimulated by a general knowledge” of Franklin’s and Wilkin’s unpublished contribution, when much of their work was rooted in Franklin’s photo and findings. Franklin didn’t know that these men based their article on her research, and she didn’t complain either, likely as a result of her upbringing. Franklin “didn’t do anything that would invite criticism… (that was) bred into her,” Maddox said.66. Wilkins’ relationship with Franklin was characterized by __________.A. unity and harmonyB. confusion and competitionC. cooperation and miscommunicationD. misunderstanding and conflict67. What does Watson mean by saying “My jaw fell open and my pulse began to race”?A. He was confused that Crick had not made this discovery.B. He was surprised that Wilkins had discovered this information.C. He was satisfied with the importance of Photo 51.D. He was anxious about the progress Wilkins and Franklin had made.68. What is Brenda Maddox’s main intention according to the quote in the last paragraph?A. To re-evaluate the importance of the DNA model.B. To criticize King’s College and Cambridge.C. To emphasize Franklin’s importance in science.D. To deny Watson’s and Crick’s contribution to science.69. Franklin’s career as a scientist demonstrates _________.A. that her work was pointing at the most difficult problemB. that she was the only female scientist during the periodC. the importance of DNA in modern scienceD. that perseverance leads to success and recognition of field scientists(B)ReviewsCultual Breaks by Brian AldissReviewed by Paul KincaidBrian Aldiss is an amazing and frustrating writer. When he is on song, hisstyle is forceful, disturbing and delectable. But he is a restless writer. Hecame into his own in the enthusiastic and experimental atmosphere of theNew Wave, and he has been driven to try the new and the different eversince. That he is still experimenting now, 50 years after his firstappearance, is a measure of a man who has never been prepared to settleback on his laurels. The Secrets of Jin-Shei by Alma AlexanderReviewed by Donna McMahonWith so many fantasy novels using European-derived settings and mythology, ancient China makes a refreshing change. The landscape is tempting and yet familiar enough to feel very real, and the author uses magic sparingly, in ways appropriate to her society. This and the complex detail put into the backdrop makes the novel feel very much like historical fiction.Straken by Terry BrooksReviews by Nathan BrazilThe third novel in the High Druid of Shannara series jumps straight backinto the story where it left off. It continues the quest of unlikely hero Penderrin Ohmsford. Now equipped with the means to break in –andback out- of the Forbidding, where his aunt, the overthrown Ard Phys of Druids, is stranded, Pen must first get back to Paranor. His rescue attemptcan only begin from within the chamber where Grianne Ohmsford disappeared. Unfortunately, this will deliver him straight into the hands of those responsible for his aunt’s disappearance.70. The reviewer admires Brian Aldiss’ ability to ___________.A. write so many novelsB. continue to be inventive in his writingC. write disturbing plotsD. have a writing career spanning over four decades71. Why does the setting of Jin-Shei appeal to the reviewer?A. It is a good science of fiction setting.B. It is mysterious.C. It is a less common choice of setting.D. It is very magical.72. Terry Brook’s novel continues a series on ___________.A. the adventures of an unsuspecting hero and his attempts to rescue his auntB. a quest about the High Druid of Shannara in a secret chamber in ParanorC. the disappearance of a druid which foils the plans of the enemiesD. liberating a stranded aunt who is key to the knowledge of the Forbidding (C)Aisling’s mother died at midsummer. She had fallen sick so suddenly that some of the villagers wondered if the fairies had come and taken her, for she was still young and beautiful. She was buried three days later beneath the hawthorn tree(山楂树) behind the house, just as twilight was darkening the sky.Maire Solanya, the village greenwitch, came that evening to perform the old rituals over the grave. She stood at the foot of the mound of black soil. Aisling and her father stood at the head of it, resting on the simple headstone, was the burning candle. Aisling’s father had lit it shortly after Elinor died, and it would burn all night. The gravestone was a plain piece of slate carved with her name: Elinor. Grass and tree roots would grow up around it as the years passed, until it would seem as if it had always been there.Maire Solanya said in her low, clear voice, “Life to life, from breath to breath, we remember Elinor.” She held a round loaf of bread in her hands. She tore off a small piece and ate it, chewing deliberately, before handing the loaf to Aisling’s father. He pulled off his own piece, then passed it to his daughter. It was still warm, and it smelled like her mother’s kitchen after baking. But it hadn’t come from her mother’s hands, and that realization made a lump rise in her throat. The bread was tasteless.Maire Solanya took the loaf from her, its crust(面包皮) gaping open, and placed it on the gravestone next to the candle. Aisling couldn’t shake the feeling that her mother had merely gone out on an errand and would come home at any moment and wonder what the three of them were doing. It didn’t seem possible that she was buried there, at the foot of the hawthorn tree, in the ground. It was easier to believe the village rumors than to sit with the ache inside herself.She remembered those rumors now, while she stood with her father and Maire Solanya in a tense silence. Everyone had always said that Elinor had some magic in her, and everyone knew that fairies – if they existed – were drawn to that. So Aisling’s father had ordered all the old rituals, even though he did not believe in them, just in case. She was not entirely sure what she herself believed, but she knew that her mother would want them to do these rituals for her, and that was enough.When the sun slipped below the horizon, the greenwitch said, “Sleep in peace, Elinor,”and scattered a gold powder over the grave to bind Elinor to the earth. On the freshly turned soil, the gold glittered like fairly dust.73. Aisling and her family are most likely __________.A. fairlies in disquiseB. simple village folkC. wealthy farmersD. experienced bakers74. Maire Solanya performed the rituals in order to __________.A. express thanks to the fairiesB. protect the hawthorn treeC. respect Elinor’s wishesD. capture Elinor’s spirit75. Which of the following does not describe Elinor?A. A believer in magic.B. Practical.C. Skilled at baking.D. Youthful.76. Which statement best describes Aisling’s belief in fairies?A. She is uncertain and finds the idea unsettling.B. She finds the idea comforting but is unsure.C. She is certain they exist and wishes they would bring back her mother.D. She believes strongly in the power of their rituals but not in their existence.77. Why did Aisling find the bread “tasteless”?A. It reminded her of her mother’s absence.B. It was a terribly rude thing to eat at her mother’s funeral.C. Solanya was really a poor baker in the village.D. There had not been sufficient ingredients to make the bread.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.How was it that an American ship came to be sunk by American mines in a port held by American forces?Built in1931, the luxury liner SS President Coolidge was a 10-year veteran(退伍军人) of the Pacific before she was pressed into service by the military and converted to carry troops.On October 26, 1942, towards the end of her first year of World War II service, the Coolidge hit an American mine in the east entrance of the Segond Channel on Espiritu Santo, one of the islands of the New Herbrides(now Vanuatu), and sank in 36 meters of water.Though all but two of the 5000 officers and men aboard were saved, the loss of the ship was a military scandal. She had escaped the Japanese during the worst part of the war in the Pacific, only to be lost because of a series of disastrous American mistakes.The master of the Coolidge, Henry Nelson, claimed he hadn’t been warned that the harbor was mined. Worse, in terms of wartime security, neither of the two US destroyers the Coolidge had encountered had challenged her. Nor had they relayed the vital information about the mines. “The first warning was from a signal station further in the harbor telling me to stop, that we were approaching danger,” he wrote.‘I, in turn, stopped the engines and backed the engines, but with the speed we were moving, we still went too far and we struck two mines. I immediately, with the speed we had left, headed the ship to the beach, and ordered “abandon ship ”, which was done and completed in 45 minutes.’‘No one mentioned to me, no one informed me, that there was a mine field in Espiritu Santo. Had there been some knowledge of mines, I never would have approached anywhere visible.’Captain Nelson was exonerated(免罪) by a court of inquiry but those responsible did not escape blame. The port director’s office at Noumea and the inefficiency of an experienced commanding officer of a navy patrol(巡逻队) and pilot boat were blamed.Today, the Coolidge is one of the world’s best wreck dives. Much of her original luxury decoration remains, including The Lady, perhaps the most photographed underwater icon in the world. Military equipment she wastransporting can also still be seen.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. The ship was “pressed into service by the military” suggests that it was ______________.79. What caused the sinking of the ship?80. Why did the ship still hit the mines after the captain stopped the engines?81. Why was the sinking of this ship a “scandal”?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．成本问题在我们的打算中起着很大的作用。
2023届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模试卷及答案
2023届上海市黄浦区高三一模英语试卷第I卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a coffee shop.B. On a farm.C. In a furniture store.D. In a theatre.2. A. Cleaning a house.B. Finding things in the house.C. Living a simple life.D. Doing housework efficiently.3. A. Calming the woman down.B. Playing bridge.C. Reading a book.D. Reflecting on himself.4. A. The man recommends people to speak the same language.B. The woman thinks it unnecessary to save dying languages.C. The woman admires those devoted to preserving dying languages.D. The man appeals for more action to be taken to protect dying languages.5. A. He has realized his own problem.B. The woman is sure to get a second job.C. He disagrees with the woman 's comments.D. The woman should care more about money.6. A. She has many friends to text.B. She can't focus her mind on study.C. She can't make long speeches.D. She has many classes to attend.7. A. Enjoy her college life.B. Put off hard assignments.C. Set a post-college goal.D. Ease academic pressure.8. A. It makes no sense.B. It needs training.C. It can't solve her problem.D. It is worth trying.9. A. She is a music lover.B. She is good at asking questions.C. She prefers art to sports.D. She knows Brazilians well.10. A. The specials are the man's best choice.B. She is fully confident of the quality-steak.C. Her house is a suitable place for having steak.D. The man should find by himself the nicest wine.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.11. A. Cars.B. Computers.C. Dollars.D. Services.12. A. It's the real money paid to purchase items.B. Each Time Dollar records the value of trading stuff.C. Different music lessons equal different Time Dollars.D. It represents the service time you exchange with others.13. A. To provide him with a part-time job.B. To ensure him that he can serve others.C. To guarantee him that he can make a living.D. To demonstrate to him how barter is kept on.14. A. To apply for membership.B. To sign up for walking.C. To use the free pass.D. To check the time for barter.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15. A. Have a whole idea of the character's look.B. Examine the actor's or the actress' face and body.C. Try various colors on actors' or actresses' hair.D. Get a clear picture of the character's skin tone.16. A. A film with a magic ending.B. A film stimulating her creativity.C. A film reflecting her delicacy.D. A film with several celebrities.17. A. They both lead the fashion.B. They both emphasize details.C. They both tell good stories.D. They both require harmony.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. The ability to recall.B. The invention of camera.C. The chance of revisitingD. The application of wi-fi.19. A. To send us to sleep.B. To develop technology.C. To refresh our memory.D. To offer us comfort.20. A. Digital camera.B. Fantastic daydream.C. Memory journey.D. Virtual reality.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How Reading Saved MeDuring my first decade in prison, I busied myself with exercising and hanging out in the big yard. I hardly grew as 21______ person. It wasn't until I began college in prison in my 30s that I started to realize my full potential.Through my journey in college, I became engaged in reading and writing, striving to escape prison life by expanding my mind beyond the environments I 22______ (trap) in. I became good at using concepts and terms in conversations that were previously far over my head. More importantly, I eventually better understood 23______ I had used violence to solve my problems.Throughout the country, prison officials have rejected or tried every means 24______ (ban) books about biology, sketching, dragons and even the moon. 25______ (claim) such bans are necessary for the safety and security of prisons seems stupid. Practically every author I have encountered while in prison 26______ (play) a role in my efforts to grow and become a better person一someone who can live in society by adding to it, as opposed 27______ taking from it.Without college and without access to books and materials 28______ expanded my mind beyond the towering concrete walls, I might still be wasting my time on the yard. My worldview would still be shaped by violence and harm. That's not who I want to be 29______ I leave this prison. It's not who I want to see 30______ (send) back into society.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.One MedicalOn Thursday, Amazon announced its first major acquisition(收购) under Mr. Jassy's occupation as CEO, spending $3.9 billion for One Medical, a chain of primary care clinics around the country. The deal is a sign of Amazon's health care ambitions. As the company has 31_______ from one business to another一including books, CDs, electronics, dog food and clothes 一it has had to look in less obvious spots to find opportunities that can provide meaningful 32_______.Health care has been 33_______ to Amazon executives who believe it is an extremely large market, filled with inefficiencies and generally lacking the kind of 34_______ approach that Amazon tries to take with its businesses. “We think health care is high on the list of experiences that need 35_______,” Neil Lindsay, the senior vice president of Amazon Health Services, said in a statement announcing the deal. He also listed some of the 36_______ of modern health care: booking appointments, sitting in waiting rooms, even finding a parking spot.Amazon wants to be the “front door" through which customers 37_______ health care. That One Medical sees about five times as many virtual visits as 38_______ appointments most likely made it attractive to Amazon. The company also has something Amazon values 39_______: data. One Medical built its own electronic medical records system, and it has 15 years' worth of medical and health-system data. While individual patient records are generallyprotected under federal health privacy laws, the big data skill that has 40_______ Amazon's success can be powerful in health care一for predicting costs, targeting interventions and developing products and treatments.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Colleges today often operate as machines for putting too many opportunities before already advantaged people. Our educational system focuses too much on helping students take the next step. But it does not give them adequate 41_______ in thinking about the substance of the lives toward which they are advancing. Many institutions today have 42_______ that it is an essential part of education to teach the young the art of choosing, and to train them to use 43_______ to decide which efforts deserve the investment of their lives.We spent many years teaching on a college campus, trying to help students struggling with their confusion. Eventually, we sought to address this problem 44_______ by designing a course intended to introduce the young to the art of choosing. The course begins with Plato's “Gorgias" - a messy dialogue that turns on a(n) 45_______ over whether the pursuit of virtue or of pleasure is the way to a good life. The dialogue ends 46_______; no one is satisfied. But with remarkable regularity, it 47_______ the kind of thinking that students need to better understand the choices that shape their lives.Students' first reaction to the “Gorgias" is disbelief, sometimes even horror. It is the dialogue's 48_______ that alarms them: the idea that we can seriously argue about what represents the human good. Everything in their education has led them to believe that such arguments cannot bear fruit.Most students are 49_______ to discover this art of choosing. Learning to reason about happiness is as delightful as discovering that one's voice can be made to sing. Why, then, do institutions 50_______ teach it? In some cases, intelligence members are encouraged to 51_______ specialized research rather than thinking about the good life. In others, they share the belief that feeling is a more 52_______ guide to happiness than the mind.Colleges should self-consciously prioritize initiating students into a culture of 53_______reflection on how to live. Doing so will hold them 54_______ performing their proper work: helping young people learn to give reasons for the choices that shape their lives and to 55_______ about the ends they pursue.41. A. assistance B. protection C. recognition D. treatment42. A. forgotten B. promised C. repeated D. responded43. A. determination B. imagination C. memory D. reason44. A. controversially B. effortlessly C. resistantly D. systematically45. A. argument B. lecture C. performance D. session46. A. automatically B. inconclusively C. indirectly D. unnecessarily47. A. abuses B. awakens C. demonstrates D. echoes48. A. assumption B. pattern C. progress D. variation49. A. grateful B. quick C. reluctant D. shocked50. A. commonly B. effectively C. rarely D. strictly51. A. direct B. emphasize C. review D. sponsor52. A. detailed B. formal C. qualified D. reliable53. A. logical B. moral C. spiritual D. theoretical54. A. eager for B. patient with C. responsible for D. skilled at55. A. complain B. experiment C. question D. reflect Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Julia Whelan climbed into the recording room in her home office. In preparation, she had avoided alcohol the night before, had avoided milk since waking at 6 a.m. and had run through the warm-up voice exercises.Whelan, 38, is the calm, confident female voice behind more than 400 other audiobooks, as well as the narrated versions (叙事版本) of many articles. Once she has taken on a project,she reads through the book once or twice, deciding on themes to highlight when she gets into the recording room by using different tones and accents, and emphasizing certain words. “Narrating a book really is a performance," she said, “and it can be harder to do than acting, because I can't use my eyes or facial expressions to convey something to the audience."As she spent time subsuming herself in the writing of others, she began to think more about her own creative ambitions. Just before the pandemic, she began “Thank You for Listening," combining her writing with the experiences she has collected as a narrator.Writers say that Whelan has helped them understand their own work. “When I listen to Julia read my stories, it sounds like she is calling you over to tell you a great story," said Nuzzi, whose work has been narrated by Whelan. “When I write now, I try to think like that, that I am calling a reader over to tell him a great story. It has completely changed my approach." Whelan said that she also learns about her writing when she experiences it as a narrator. "There is something about it that changes when you' re performing it," she said. “I r ead the book out loud during every stage of its revisions but it's different when you sit down and have the microphone in front of you, when I finally am in all the characters and the story comes to life."56. Before recording a book, Whelan ________.A. acts out its narrated versionB. builds up strength through exerciseC. determines the focus of its subjectD. varies its emphasized words57. The underlined phrase “subsuming herself in the writing of others" (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ________ herself in the writing of others".A. dismissingB. involvingC. maintainingD. presenting58. How does narrating help Whelan do her own writing better?A. It enables her to think in readers' view.B. It inspires her to be absorbed in the story.C. It provides her with diverse life experiences.D. It reminds her to pursue her creative ambition.59. What can be concluded from Whelan's experience as a narrator and writer?A. Excellent narration is based on convincing stories.B. Narrating is a more rewarding ambition than writing.C. An influential writer is definitely a wonderful narrator.D. Experiences as a narrator can change the writing approach.(B)PRIVACY POLICYThe Bundaberg Privacy Policy explains how we collet, store and use your personally identifiable information. Our Privacy Policy will be continuously assessed against new technologies, business practices and our customers' changing needs. Accordingly, this Privacy Policy is subject to change over time without notification being made to users, and therefore we encourage you to periodically review this Privacy Policy to become aware of any changes that may have occurred.➢Collection of Personal InformationWe will collect personally identifiable information from you when you knowingly provide it to us. The types of personal information we may collect, includes, but is not limited to your full name, address, email address and phone number.In terms of your personal information, we only collect information about individuals that is necessary for us to carry on our business functions. What information we collect depends upon the nature of our dealing with you. Importantly, in some circumstances if you do not provide the information that we request, you may not be able to engage with us. For example, if you refuse to provide some personal information as may be requested on the Bundaberg website, you may not be able to use all features or services of the website.➢Use and Disclosure of Personal InformationWe may use your personal information for the following purposes:●Billing purposes;●To enable us to develop our products and business, or to customize services tobetter meet your needs and preferences;●Statistical purposes.We will contact you by electronic or other means to get your agreement first for any purpose other than those above, including but not limited to:●Future promotional and marketing purposes;●To inform you of special offers, promotions and competitions;●Any other customer support purposes.Your personal information may be used by sub-contractors of Bundaberg for our business activities only, however, your information will not be disclosed to any other third party without your agreement, unless required to do so by law.60. In order to be kept informed of the privacy information, you'd better _______.A. examine the Privacy Policy regularlyB. check the official notification weeklyC. express your changing needs privatelyD. evaluate the business practices critically61. Which of the statements is TRUE about Bundaberg 's collecting users' personal information?A. You have no knowledge of what personal information is collected.B. Your personal information can promote Bundaberg 's business functions.C. All the customers are required to prov ide identical personal information.D. You may not get some services without providing requested personal information.62. Bundaberg will use your personal information for the purpose of ________ without getting your agreement first.A. attracting new sub-contractorsB. advertising its servicesC. sending bills to youD. letting you know about special offers(C)In 2020, Open AI, a research lab in San Francisco, revealed a system called GPT-3. It is what artificial intelligence researchers call a neural(神经系统的) network, after the web of neurons in the human brain. A neural network is really a mathematical system that learns skillsby locating patterns in vast amounts of digital data. By analyzing thousands of cat photos, for instance, it can learn to recognize a cat. “We call it 'artificial intelligence, but a better name might be °finding statistical patterns from large data sets,"" said Dr. Gopnik, the Berkeley professor.More recently, researchers at places like Google and Open AI began building neural networks that learned from enormous amounts of prose, including digital books and Wikipedia articles by the thousands. GPT-3 is an example. As it analyzed all that digital text, it built what you might call a mathematical map of human language-more than 175 billion data points that describe how we piece words together. Using this map, it can perform many different tasks, like penning speeches, writing computer programs and having a conversation.But there are limitations. If you ask GPT-3 for 10 speeches in the voice of Mark Twain, it might give you five that sound remarkably like the famous writer一and five others that come nowhere close. Computer programmers use the technology to create small snippets(一小段) of code they can slip into larger programs, but more often than not they have to edit and adjust whatever it gives them.Still, Dr. Gopnik described this kind of system as intelligent. “It is not intelligent in the way humans are. It is like an unfamiliar form of intelligence," he said. “But it still counts.Dr. Gopnik and many others in the field are confident that they are on a path to building a machine that can do anything the human brain can do. This confidence shines through when they discuss current technologies. He admits that some AI. researchers “struggle to differentiate between reality and science fiction." But he believes these researchers still serve a valuable role. "They help us dream of the full range of the possible," he said.Perhaps they do. But for the rest of us, these dreams can get in the way of the issues that deserve our attention.63. Which of the following statements correctly describes GPT-3?A. It is meant to monitor human's neuron webs.B. It stores limitless data in its mathematical system.C. It can identify images and employ human language.D. It studies pictures and digital books to invent patterns.64. In paragraph 3, the example of computer programmers is used to ________.A. illustrate GPT-3 is far from perfectB. warm programmers against technologyC. show the process of slipping code into programD. explain why GPT-3 fails to find Mark Twain's speeches65. What does Dr. Gopnik think of the mathematical system of GPT-3?A. He finds it valuable because it maximizes the current technologies.B. He doubts its worth though it is remarkably similar to a human brain.C. He thinks highly of it because it plays a valuable role inA.1 research.D. He believes it will interrupt our thinking though it differs from science fiction.66. What's the author 's attitude towards A. I.?A. Enthusiastic.B. Opposed.C. Supportive.D. Unconcerned.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.How to show others you careThe idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new. Studies have shown thatprosocial behavior - basically, voluntarily helping others - can help lower people's daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. 67_______“I have found that kindness can be a really hard sell," said Tara Cousineau, a clinical psychologist, “People desire kindness yet often feel troubled by the thought of being kind. "68_______ They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.69_______ Jennifer Oldham, who lost her 9-year old daughter Hallie in July, recently created a Facebook group-Keeping Kindness for Hallie一that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie's honor. “It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients," said Ms. Oldham.If you are not already in the habit of performing random kind acts, or if it does not come naturally to you, start by thinking about what you like to do. It's not about you being like, ‘Oh man, now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice'. It's about: 70_______ And how can you tum that into an offering for other people?IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The risk of pre-schooling“Young children learning to read is one of the most important things primary education does. It's fundamental to children making progress in life," says Dominic Wyse, a professor of primary education a University College London, in the UK. “While learning literacy is vital to children, the way we teach it really matters.'In a 2022 report, he states that English school system's intense focus on phonics - a method that involves matching the sound of a spoken word or letter, with individual written letters, through a process called sounding out”- could be failing some children. A reason for this is that the tests used to assess that early learning may have little to do with the skills actually needed to read and enjoy books or other meaningful texts. For example, the tests may ask pupils to "sound out" and spell nonsense words, to prevent them from simplyguessing, or recognizing familiar words. Since nonsense words are not meaningful language, children may find the task difficult and puzzling. It doesn't end up being meaningful, it ends up being memorizing rather than understanding context.Children who attend intensive preschools do not have higher academic abilities in later grades than those who did not attend such preschools, several studies now show. Early education can however have a positive impact on social development - which in turn feeds into the likelihood of graduation from school and university as well as being associated with lower crime rates. In short, attending preschool can have positive effects on later achievement in life, but not necessary on academic skills.Too much academic pressure may even cause problems in the long run. A study published in January 2022 suggested that those who attended a preschool with a strong academic emphasis, showed lower academic achievements a few years later, compared to those who had not gained a place.第II卷(共40分)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.这个问题至今已经困扰了我好几天。
2020-2021学年上海市浦东新区高三英语一模卷 配答案与听力原文
Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $ 20. B. $ 32. C. $ 40. D. $ 60.2. A. Tailor and customer. B. Hairdresser and customer.C. Husband and wife.D. Housekeeper and host.3. A. At a hospital. B. At a restaurant.C. At a handicraft shop.D. At a grocery store.4. A. The woman mistook someone else for Smith.B. The man promised to meet Smith in Shanghai.C. The lecture was given by Mr. Smith just now.D. Smith would come to attend the lecture next Friday.5. A. She will go to see the play with the man.B. She has no interest in this play.C. She will attend a wedding ceremony with her sister.D. She has no time to keep the man company.6. A. The man misunderstood what the sign said.B. The man bought the cigarette for free.C. The sign allows people to smoke in the room.D. The man annoyed the woman purposely.7. A. The slow delivery. B. The poor customer service.C. The broken parcel.D. The possible discount.8. A. He worked last night.B. He was recovering from his jet lag.C. He had some difficulty in falling asleep.D. He was knocked down by the car.9. A. The man doesn’t agree with the woman’s idea.B. The woman never takes the responsibility of supporting the home.C. The man suggests that the woman is lazy in house keeping.D. The woman is busy with her work so that she neglects the family.10. A. They are talking about football.B. The school soccer team has been set up.C. The man doesn’t want to be a substitute.D. The woman is persuading the man to join a club.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because Jobs suffered from the cancer.B. Because Jobs himself kept quiet about that.C. Because he was not rich enough to donate money.D. Because his wife prevented the public from knowing that.12. A. The update of smartphones. B. The development of medicine.C. The building of Apple’s headquarters.D. Some Tech companies in California.13. A. Mean. B. Creative. C. Charitable. D. Rich. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14. A. It can identify different flowers through its built-in sensors.B. It can record various smells digitally and reproduce them.C. It can make sweet smells by mixing flowers with vapour.D. It can create smells and give them off to any scene.15. A. It helps shoppers locate the right brand of perfume.B. It helps shoppers check out the perfumes before they buy.C. It helps make sure that perfumes are truly genuine.D. It can recommend right perfumes to shoppers.16. A. The device is made small enough to be easily carried.B. The device is sensitive to any smell the human nose can detect.C. Smells are programmed to accompany movie scenes.D. The device has recreated the smells of fish and gasoline.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because he didn’t have her number.B. Because he thought it was unnecessary.C. Because he wished his luggage would be found soon.D. Because he had to attend a business meeting.18. A. His flight number and arrival time.B. The cause of the flight’s late arrival.C. The number of his luggage check.D. The description of his luggage.19. A. On the plane ticket.B. At the information desk.C. At the check-in counter.D. From the record of his flight.20. A. Missing luggage is unlikely to be found.B. There are important documents in his luggage.C. It is possible for the man to get his luggage today.D. The man thinks it is difficult to find his baggage.II. Grammar and Vocabulary（20分）Section A（10分）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Since astronomers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called exoplanets, humans (21) (wonder) how many could harbor life.Now, we’re one step closer to (22) (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope, about half the stars similar in temperature (23) our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.Our galaxy holds at least an (24) (estimate) 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in a new study to be published in The Astronomical Journal.This research helps us understand the potential for these planets (25) (support) life. This is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of life’s origins and future in our universe.The study is authored by NASA scientists (26) worked on the Kepler mission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space telescope in 2018 after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescope’s observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy -- more planets than stars.(27) this result is far from a final value, it’s extremely exciting that we calculated that these worlds are this common with such high confidence.That’s a wide range of different stars, each with (28) own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water. These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, especially when even our (29) (powerful) telescopes can just barely detect these small planets. That’s (30) the research team took a new approach.Section B（10分）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Work is necessary to earn an income. And if you get good job ___31___, it’s a bonus! But what can make it more worthwhile are the extra perks（⼯资外的补贴）that your employer offers you as a reward for your loyalty and commitment.Employee ___32___ are commonplace these days. Traditionally, these have included a good pension and extra days off work. But when a job used to be for life, there wasn’t much incentive to try and keep staff. Now when millennials are ___33___ a position, they want to know the benefits they’ll get on top of their pay.But these perks come at a cost to an employer, and now technology is being used to discover if and when they offer value for money. The idea aims to enable a company to tailor what it can offer to ___34___ and retain the right staff.As an example, at the merchant bank, Close Brothers, AI has been used to develop chatbots that can help employees to find information on subjects ranging from mental health to saving for retirement at any time. And Microsoft has developed software to help businesses ___35___ their employee’s well-being needs. Anna Rasmussen, founder of Open Blend, told the BBC “It shows companies what their employees need to stay ___36___ and reach their full potential in real-time.” Insurance company Vitality offer wearable technology to track employees’ movements. Staff can earn ‘___37___’ by having their activity tracked. A study found that by ___38___ the participants’ performance, they did the equivalent of 4.8 extra days of activity per month.It seems that if used in the right way, technology can provide greater ___39___ between an employee and the company. That can lead to a happier, healthier and ___40___ work force. But HR experts warn against relying solely on tech for deciding on employee benefits provision, they say.III. Reading Comprehension（45分）Section A（15分）Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Racial Discrimination in ScienceYou might expect that science, particularly American science, would be colour-blind. Once someone from the country’s ethnic minorities has got bench space in a laboratory, he might reasonably ___41___ to be treated on merit（功绩）and nothing else.___42___, a study published in Science by Donna Ginther of the University of Kansas suggests that is not true. Dr. Ginther, who was working ___43___ America’s National Institutes of Health (NIH), looked at the pattern of research grants awarded by the NIH and found that ___44___ matters a lot. Moreover, it is not just a question of white supremacy. Asian and Hispanic scientists do just as well as white ones. Black scientists, ___45___, do badly.One possible explanation is that review panels are inferring applicants’ ethnic ___46___ from their names, or the institutions they attended as students. Consciously or not, the reviewers may then be awarding less merit to those from people with “black-sounding” names, or who were educated at universities whose students are predominantly black. Indeed, a(n) ___47___ bias has been found in those recruiting for jobs in the commercial world. One well-known study, published by researchers at MIT and the University of Chicago, found that fictitious CVs（简历）with stereotypically white names got 50% more ___48___ of interviews than did CVs with black names, even when the applicants’ stated ___49___ were identical.Another possible explanation is social ___50___: It is in the nature of groups of experts (such as review panels) to know both each other and each other’s most promising assistants and followers. Applicants outside this charmed circle might have less chance of ___51___ consideration. If the charmed circle itself were racially unrepresentative, those ___52___ from the network because their racial group was under-represented in the first place would find it harder to break in.Though Dr. Ginther’s results are ___53___, it is to the NIH’s credit that it has published her findings. The agency is also starting a programme intended to alter the ___54___ of the review panels to see whether removing potential racial cues from applications changes outcomes. Other agencies, and not just in America, should pay strict attention to all this, and ask themselves if they, too, are ___55___ people of particular races. Such discrimination is a sheer waste of talent!41. A. expect B. cooperate C. decide D. challenge42. A. Similarly B. Evidently C. Unfortunately D. Undoubtedly43. A. in favour of B. on behalf of C. in honor of D. in the name of44. A. health B. nationality C. gender D. race45. A. however B. otherwise C. therefore D. meanwhile46. A. divisions B. customs C. origins D. designs47. A. unknown B. similar C. obvious D. strong48. A. feedback B. types C. elements D. offers49. A. qualifications B. interviews C. names D. researches50. A. security B. status C. networking D. order51. A. moral B. favourable C. casual D. minor52. A. excluded B. installed C. downloaded D. restored53. A. positive B. conclusive C. troubling D. encouraging54. A. position B. subject C. prospect D. composition55. A. reminding B. employing C. informing D. failingSection B（22分）Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)At the 4th Street Photo Gallery on the corner of the Bowery, many photos are strung together like clothes on a laundry line. There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer.The city has been Mr Harsley’s home since1948, when, aged ten, he moved there from South Carolina. He took his first photograph ten years later, and became the first black photographer to work for the city’s district attorney’s office. His vivid pictures freeze moments in New York’s evolution from the 1950s to the present. “It could start with the smell of something burning,” he says of his method. “And then you see a family sitting on the steps of a funeral home sadly looking at the firemen going through their routine.”Some of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment in Harlem; they include images of black activists, streets submerged in snow and shots of the Crown Heights riots of 1991. A.D. Coleman, a photography critic, says Mr. Harsley has been able to capture the lives of minority groups by making himself “invisible”. His aim has been to assemble these fragments（⽚段）into an extended history of the city.Mr. Harsley’s gallery is a time capsule. For decades, it is also a hub for the city’s artistic underworld. In the 1970s New York’s photography scene was flourishing, but exclusive. As Mr. Harsley puts it, “a number of great artists were swept aside” because they lacked connections. Helping talent became part of his mission. In 1971 he established The Minority Photographers, an organization that helps up-and-coming artists exhibit their work. He opened his gallery two years later; many photographers have had their first shows there.56. How does the author describe Alex Harsley in the first paragraph?A. undervalued but expertB. gifted but exclusiveC. unknown but devotedD. gifted but awkward57. What does the underlined sentence mean?A. His pictures show freezing weather in New York from the1950s to the present.B. His pictures capture the cheerful moments in New York since the 1950s.C. His pictures record some historic occasions of New York over the past decades.D. His pictures illustrate the vivid lives of minority groups in New York over the pastdecades.58. Why does Mr. Harsley make himself "invisible"?A. To assemble the minority groups of the city.B. To highlight the lives of minority groups.C. To help promising artists attract more public attention.D. To build connections between the minority groups and himself.59. How did Mr. Harsley help the other artists?A. He excluded those who looked down upon the unknown artists.B. He set an organization displaying their works.C. He established the connections between up-and-coming artists and famous ones.D. He reduced the rents of the gallery where their photography works were shown.(B)TROUBLESHOOTINGFor possible malfunctions as described below, please contact Customer Services at 1-800-2020-123.PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE SOLUTIONThe coffee is not hot. ·The cups were not preheated. ·Warm the cups by rinsing them with hot water (N.B. you can use the hot water function).Coffee does not comeout of the spouts.·The spouts are blocked. ·Clean the spouts with a toothpick.The coffee does not come out of the spouts, but from around the service door. ·The holes in the spouts areclogged with dry coffee dust.·The coffee guide inside theservice door is blocked andcannot swing.·Clean the spouts with a toothpick,sponge or hard bristled kitchenbrush.·Thoroughly clean the coffee guide,particularly near the hinges.The frothed milk has large bubbles. ·The milk is not cold enough or isnot semi-skimmed.·You should ideally use skimmed orsemi-skimmed milk at refrigeratortemperature (about 5℃). If theresult is not as you wished, trychanging brand of milk.The milk is not frothed(起泡).·Cappuccino maker is dirty.·Clean as described in the section“Cleaning the cappuccino makerafter use”.Steam delivery stops ·A safety device stops steamdelivery after 3 minutes. ·Wait, then activate the steam function again.The appliance does not come on. ·It is not plugged into the mainssocket.·The main switch(A2) is notturned on.·Plug into the mains socket.·Place the main switch in the Iposition.60. If the appliance doesn’t work, which of the following may be the cause?A. It has been used for many years.B. It is not plugged into the socket.C. Its temperature is too high.D. Its spouts are blocked.61. According to the table, which of the following is true?A. If coffee taste bitter, you may add some milk and sugar.B. If coffee is delivered too slowly, you may wait and activate the function again.C. If coffee doesn’t come out of spouts, you may check them with a toothpick.D. If milk is not frothed, you may use semi-skimmed milk.62. Where is the passage probably taken from?A. A coffee bean package.B. A cappuccino coffee machine booklet.C. A cappuccino coffee machine advertisement.D. A coffee machine quality report.(C)That easterners and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract mental life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses (假设) have been put forward to explain this.One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modern country whose people have retained a collective outlook. A second, that a higher rate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea.That led Thomas Talhelm of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to look into a third suggestion: that the crucial difference is agricultural. The basic West crop is wheat; the East's rice. Before the mechanization of agriculture a farmer who grew rice had to spend twice as many hours doing so as one who grew wheat. To organize labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harvesting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labour exchanges which let neighbors stagger their farms’ schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods. Since, until recently almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis that such a collective outlook would dominate a society’s culture and behaviour, and might prove so deep-rooted that even now, when most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to define their lives.Mr. Talhelm realized that this idea is testable. Large areas of Asia, particularly in the north, depend not on rice, but on wheat. That, as he explains in a paper in Science, let him and his team put some flesh on this theory’s bones. The team gathered almost 1,200 volunteers from all over Asia and asked them questions to assess their individualism or collectivism. The answers bore little relation to the wealth of a volunteer’s place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area. This difference was marked even between people from neighbouring counties with different agricultural traditions.Undoubtedly, Talhelm’s hypothesis has pointed to a direction worth further exploration. Viewing the message from modernized countries such as Japan, Korea and Singapore, which still hold on to collectivism, perhaps we can say: Asian values--with their principles of mutual support and collective action--are only “Asian” because back in ancient times, farmers in many parts of that continent found rice a more suitable crop to grow than wheat.63. According to the second paragraph, which of the following statements does the author mostprobably agree with?A. The first hypothesis fails to justify Japan’s ever-keeping collectivism as well as thesecond.B. The exposure to plague outbreaks increases the probability of the Europeans to turn backto individualism.C. Modernized Japan stays close to collectivism as firmly as Europe maintainsindividualism in the times of plague.D. Neither modernization, as with Europe, nor the once prevailing plague, as with Japan,gives any evidence that promotes individualism.64. What does the underlined word “stagger” probably mean?A. arrange events so that they do not happen at the same timeB. help something to develop more strongly because it’s about to collapseC. plan or organize something in advance to make it neat or attractiveD. offer something to somebody and receive something in return65. Mr. Talhelm studied the Asian volunteers growing wheat in order to find out __________.A. whether growing wheat results in more sharing behavior.B. whether growing wheat leads to more prosperous community.C. whether the local crop affects the local economy positively.D. whether the local crop is related to local people’s mental life.66. Which of the following can serve as the best title for this passage?A. A good beginning makes a good ending.B. The grass is greener on the other side.C. As you sow, so you will reap.D. You are what you eat.Section C（8分）Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. She says this may be because shame still surrounds those who seek help from mental-healthprofessionals.B. A mental-health law, passed in 2012, advised against the previously common practice ofconfining people in psychiatric wards against their will.C. Its members provide psychological support for nearly 30 people who lost loved ones to thevirus.D. She worries many people won't seek help though losing loved ones causes lasting mentalpain.E. Their efforts have enjoyed backing from the government, which has issued many instructionsto guide the mental-health response to the disease.F.These days many Chinese recognize that mental-health problems are common.Late in January Shen Yinjing, a therapist in Shanghai, volunteered to help distressed people in the coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she was running an online support group for people being treated in one of Wuhan’s makeshift hospitals for covid-19 patients. Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones because of the disease. (67)_____________________.Ms Shen is among a small army of mental-health professionals who have provided support during the coronavirus outbreak. Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psychological hotlines” for people suffering from depression. (68)_____________________.Such attention reflects a profound change in official and public attitudes. In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the country’s long-term development goals. (69)_____________________. The government’s “Healthy China 2030” plan, issued in 2016, called for a stronger “mental-health service system”(70)_____________________. Zhiying Ma of the University of Chicago says that young Chinese, in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more common in China. The study’s authors suggested that “rapid social change” was intensifying “psychological pressure and stress”.At the same time, mental-health counseling has become more widely available, particularly for those willing to pay for private treatment.第二卷（50分）Ⅳ. 71. Summary Writing（10分）Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Solving the Problem of E-WasteOne of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste – electronic items that are broken and not recycled.Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.There’s a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault."V. Translation（15分）Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 他处理这个问题的方法是有效的。
上海市黄浦区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试题
黄浦区2021学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Do Animals Dream?You can't see your sleeping pefs bran waves, but its behavior can tell you when Fido or Fluffy might be dreaming. If you watch clock you'll see that as your cat falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular and her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep. ____ 21 __ (call) slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you'll notice a change __ 22 __ her eyes move under her closed lids. Fluffy has entered the REM (Rapid Eye Movement), or dreaming, stage of sleep. Although she moves and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs ___ 23 __ (block), so she can't run about.Back in 1963, Michel Jouvet, French scientist who was studying steep in cats _____ 24 ___ (interrupt) theirSleep paralysis, the state of being unable to act or function properly. ________ 25 _________ they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to chase balls that Jouvet couldn't see and bent their backs at invisible enemies. He figures he was watching them act out their dreams!What were they dreaming about? Mostly, the dreaming cats seemed _____ 26 __ (practise) important cat skills: stalking, pouncing, and fighting.In ___ 27 _ study, Mat Wilson, a neuroscientist, recorded rats' brain waves while they learned mazes (迷宫).One day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could locate exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and nail down recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills __ 28 __ were probably vitally important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, scientists think that all mammals dream, such as humans, dogs, lions, and whales, but fish ____ 29 __ not. (They're not sure about birds.)How often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when __ 30 __ (lie) down.Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Doubt Is Essential To ScienceThe confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them repliedthat it is a(n) ___ 31 __ way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. Forexample, a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their _________ 32 __ b eliefs. To the question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe?" 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say "it depends” .But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, science, when properly _____ 33 __ , questions accepted facts and leads to both new knowledge and new questions——not certainty. Doubt does not __ 34 __ trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions?As a historian of science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often ______ 35 __ as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a possible explanation. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new ____ 36 ___ emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it stimulates us towards a better understanding, certainties, as ______ 37 ___ as they may seem, in fact block the scientific process.Scientists understand this, but in the ____ 38 __ force between the public and science, there are two significant traps. One is a form of blind ___ 39 __ that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. And the otheris a form of relativism borne out of a lack of ____ 40 __ in the very existence of truth.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.This era of u Industry 4.0” is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the capabilities of the smartphones in our pockets. It is a mix of low-cost and high-power computers, high-speed communication and artificial intelligence. This will produce smarter robots with better sensing and communication abilities that can __ 41 __ different tasks, and even adjust their work to meet demand without the input of humans.In the manufacturing industry, where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division, this will mean a(n) ___ 42 __ shift from centralized to decentralized cooperative production. _____ 43 ___ robots focused on single, fixed, high-speed operations and required a highly skilled human workforce to operate and maintain them. Industry 4.0 machines are flexible, cooperative and can operate more independently, which ______ 44 __ removes the need for a highly skilled workforce.For large-scale manufacturers, Industry 4.0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment and communicate in an industrial network that can be run and ______ 45 __ remotely. Each machine will produce large amounts of data that can be ___ 46 __ studied using wh at is known as “ big data " analysis. This will help____ 47 ___ ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plant, for example by better predicting when repairing is needed and automatically _____ 48 __ it.For __ 49 ___ m anufacturing business, Industry 4.0 will make it cheaper and easier to use robots. It will create machines that can be rearranged to perform ____ 50 __ jobs and adjusted to work on a more diverse product range and different production volumes. This part is already beginning to benefit from robots designed to cooperate with human workers and analyse their own work to look for ____ 51 __ .While these machines are getting smarter, they are still not as smart as us. Today9s industrial artificial intelligence operates at a ___ 52 __ level, which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines, but designed by humans.What's coming next is known as “deep learning v. Similar to big data analysis, it involves processing large quantities of data in real time to ____ 53 __ what is the best action to take. The ____ 54 __ is that the machine leamsfrom the data so it can improve its decision making. A perfect example of deep learning was _____ 55 __ by Google's AlphaGo software, which taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go players.41. A. compare with B. adapt to C. pick out D. hold on42. A. extensive B. accidental C. convenient D. dramatic43. A. Traditional B. Removable C. Fashionable D. Potential44. A. temporarily B. thoroughly C. eventually D. initially45. A. arranged B. evaluated C. monitored D. composed46. A. gradually B. collectively C. similarly D. approximately47. A. identify B.reserve C. exploit D. indicate48. A. dominating B. imposing C. eliminating D. scheduling49. A. high-speed B. mass-produced C. small-to-medium D. multi-cultural50. A. multiple B. feasible C. profitable D. independent51. A. promotions B. improvements C. highlights D. resolutions52. A. separate B. peculiar C. narrow D. mysterious53. A. come up with B. account for C. give way to D. make decisions about54. A. difference B. commission C. phenomenon D. expectation55. A. introduced B. described C. prepared D. demonstratedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)For thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub. In fact, until a place has a church and a pub, it is not really considered a community worthy of a name. Traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town, since it is where the people gather to socialize and exchange news. They are institutions at the heart of British society. After all, the word 'pub' is actually short for 'public house'.As a result, British pubs are often old and well preserved. Many of them have become historic sites that tourists visit. One of the most famous examples is the pub in the city of Nottingham called 'Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem J, which dates back to the year AD 1189 and is probably the oldest pub in England. It was the same year in which King Richard the First came into power, who led the First Crusade into the Holy Land, towards Jerusalem.Many British pubs have old names referring to governors, such as The King's Head or The Queen Victoria, but of course this doesn't mean they are only for kings and queens. Pubs have always welcomed people from all classes and parts of society. On a cold night, the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire. There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.Thafs how it used to be, but there are worrying signs that things are beginning to change. Economic downturns, governmental financial measure, and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business. People do not have a lot of spare money to spend on beer. On top of that, in 2007 smoking was banned in all public indoor spaces, including pubs, which may also have affected the members of customers going to pubs since then.This decline is happening despite the fact that pubs are now allowed by law to stay open after 11 pm. Previously, with 11 pm as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly. This British habit of drinking is known as ' binge drinking',and it causes long-term health problems for individuals and problems with violent crime for communities. The UKgovernment is trying to find ways of discouraging binge drinking, and regularly spends money on television commercials to warn people of the problems of drinking too much.56.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.British pubs are preserved well mainly to attract tourists from all of the world.B.British pubs are quite popular and accessible to people from all walks of life.C.Most British pubs are going out of business because of economic and cultural bans.D.Most British pubs have to shut down to adjust themselves to meet the smoking ban.57.Why did the UK government allow pubs to stay open after 11 pm?A.To stimulate customers to spend more on drinks.B.To help British pubs survive economic downturns.C.To encourage more sensible ways of drinking in pubs.D.To get rid of violent crime in most part of Britain.58.The term “binge drinking,,in paragraph 5 would be most likely to describe ________ .A.drinking too much and too quicklyB. social problems related to British pubsC. a new long term drinking approachD. problems caused by drinking too much59.What will most probably be covered in the paragraph that follows the last in the passage?A.Different methods to welcome new customers to pubs.B.Various advertisements encouraging people to quit drinking.C.The campaigns and strategies to support the traditional pubs.D.Trends of migrating back from the modern wine bars to old ones.The Coming SeriesExpress Yourself!-The Art of CartooningTime: Thursday, January 6,18:30Welcome to the first event in our new series, Express Yourself! We will explore many forms of personal self-expression and discuss how and why people create things and have hobbies. Join William Denham, an American diplomat stationed in Shanghai. Outside of the office, WilPs main artistic hobby is drawing cartoons. His cartoons have been displayed in two shows in Shanghai. He will discuss his hobby, what it means to him, and help take participants on their own cartooning journey. This entertaining and interactive event is open to all including those with no drawing or cartooning experience. Be sure to bring your favorite pen or pencil, a notepad or sketchpad, and a creative attitude.Breaking Barriers:The NHL's TrailblazerTime: Wednesday, January 12,18:30 Join us to watch and discuss the award-winning documentary, Willie, inspired by the story of Willie O' Ree who, in 1958, became the first black player in the National Hockey League (NHL) . Willie tells the story of an extraordinary life and triumph over adversity. It also examines larger issues such as race ,equality, inclusion, community, and so on. Through goal setting, hard work, and perseverance, Willie overcame many barriers and paved the path for talented hockey players, regardless of race, to play at the highest level. Please register to learn about this groundbreaking sports figure.Willie O' ReeAmerican Short Fiction:Writing Our Stories x The Yellow Wallpaperime: Tuesday, February 15,18:30Quick to read and easily shared, the short story is said to be the literature of our times. We invite you on ajourney to get to know some of the best short stories in American literature.The Yellow Wallpaper, by American author Charlotte Perkins (Stetson) Gilman, was first published in 1892 but persists in American culture as a literary touchstone. While it is a horror story on its surface, a careful reading reveals deeper themes of gender equality and the importance of self-expression. And in this time of global situation, it reemerges as a study on the effects of isolation. Join American diplomat Peter Fasnacht to discuss, these themes and their connections to American society. Please read the story ahead of the talk. You can find the story here.*Online registration is capped at 40 for each event. RSVP: http:// shpas012121. *The discussion will be conducted in English.60.Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the first event?A.William Denham will share his artistic hobby with the participants.B.The participants will explore various forms of personal self-expression.C.Drawing or cartooning experience isn't a must fbr the participants.D.The participants will be provided with essential drawing tools.61.What can we infer from the coming series?A.The story of Willie O' Ree is neither inspiring nor entertaining.B.The Yellow Wallpaper tells a horrible story revealing global emergency.C.Those who haven9t registered online are also welcome to the events.D.Applicants had better have a good command of English.62.Which of the following is the most possible theme of the series introduced in the passage?A.Arts and literatureB. Books and filmsC. Entertainment and interactionD. Heroes and achievements(C)Ellen Weiss can hardly see. David Schmitt can barely hear. Are they typical victims of aging's crudest blows? Not really. Weiss is actually a fresh resident doctor in family practice, age 30, and Schmitt a medical student, 26. They have been assigned roles, ages and particular illnesses as an innovative part of their medical training.Introduced in only a few medical centers so far, such role playing is designed to expose doctors to the pains endured by the patients. It is just one of several techniques being tried at medical schools and hospitals in an attempt to deal with the most universal complaint about doctors: lack of sympathy. " Residents are usually young and healthy, ”says Dr. Stephen Brunton. "They've not really had a chance to understand what patients go through.v Role-playing programs give them a crash course. At Hunterdon, students' faces are instantly aged with cornflour and make up. Next the disabilities are laid on: gloves cripple fingers, and peas inside shoes prevent walking. Then the erasatz invalids are asked to perform common tasks: purchasing medication at the drugstore, undressing for X rays, filling out a Medicare form and, most awkward, using the bathroom themselves.At long Beach, new residents assume made-up illnesses and check into the hospital for an overnight stay. The staff treats them as they would any other patient, even sending them a bill. The entire entering class of medical students at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences are issued bedpans and told to use them. Some are even subjected to an indignity: spending most part of the first day of school as people with disabilities.Instant patients usually start out activated and joking/' But by the end of a few hours, most says, ‘I'm exhausted,J "observes nurse Linda Bryant at Hunterdon. Schmitt discovered that "a major accomplishment was doing up my collar.v And, to his surprise, "I wound up hating physicians who didn't realize how much medication would costand how hard it was to go and pick it up." Weiss also learnt： "I realized how little I talk to patients. I might askthem about chest pains but not 'Can you get dressed, eat OK, take your medicine?' ” Jeffrey Ortiz thought he wasin for a quiet rest when he was sent to the intensive care unit, suffering from “chest pains.” Instead he spent a sleepless night: u People were coming in to to labs, the man in the next bed was groaning, and the heart monitor was bleeping, which was noisy and scary. ”Any patient could have told him so, but many educators believe the direct experience of such miseries will leave an enduring sense of sympathy. Doctors have long defended taking a cool, dispassionate approach to patient care, arguing that it helps preserve objective judgment and protect against burnout. But critics disagree. " By concentrating on symptoms and lab data, we ignore a wealth of information that can affect patients9well-being,” observes Dr. Simon Auster at the Uniformed Services medical school.63.According to the passage, the role-playing programme is designed _____ .A.as an innovative part in the local communityB.as part of the play the residents have to watchC.to help doctors understand the pains endured by the patientsD.to expose students to school facilities in a vivid way64.What does the phrase “the ersatz invalids" in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Local patients who usually start out activated and joking.B.Students who make up their faces to look aged.C.Doctors who perform common tasks that may not occur in real hospitals.D.Customers who purchase medications and undress for X rays with the help of students.65.The instant patients may feel most embarrassed when they _____ .A.fill in a Medicare tableB.are using the washroom on their ownC.are issued bedpans and told to try themD.meet with someone they know well66.What can be concluded according to the passage?A.Residents should always take a cool approach without sympathy to patient care in their job.B.Doctors ought to be completely independent from the symptoms and the previous lab data.C.Doctors may ignore information influencing the patients, health only by focusing on symptoms.D.Experience in role-playing programs won't help the new doctors preserve objective judgement.Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentencecan be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Social Integration一Welcoming the NewcomersSocial integration is the process through which minority groups interact, come together or are incoiporated within a community. Increased social integration helps reduce conflict and tension in society, and it can help the new migrants feel more connected to their new community. How do different groups remain relatively cohesive in society?A few countries around the world have adopted integrated frameworks for their economic, social, political and cultural policies with regard to accepting these migrants into the local society. ______ 67 __ This is to allow them to achieve their full potential in life. There are still ongoing efforts to integrate different cultures and races, and the governments have encouraged their immigrants to take an active part in social, cultural, economic and political activities.Integration takes place in neighbourhoods, work places, schools and public places where people from diverse backgrounds spend most of their time. ____ 68 ___ E specially among the younger children, being in the same classas their foreign counterparts will teach the local children the meaning of tolerance and empathy. Participation in sports, community engagement and volunteer work are also other possible ways that eliminate discrimination and other forms of intolerance. From participating in arts programmes to being parent volunteers in school, these platforms provide opportunities for people to interact and work towards a common cause. Sports programmes have also been used to encourage social integration. In fact, sport can strengthen social networks and promote non- violence and respect. In these ways, meaningful relationships among those of different ages, racial groups or faiths are built on the basis of common interests.__ 69 __ Still, countries have also acknowledged that human movement across borders cannot be stopped. Instead, it should be better managed so that migration is safe, legal and beneficial for everyone. _______ 70 __ Indeed the government and local communities play a key role in integrating these newcomers and empowering them to contribute to their new communities, while maintain their identities.IV.Summary Writing71.Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in nomore than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Seniority in Promotion Is Not Wise Business PracticeIt's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. In the past, promotingan employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees9 past performance and seniority. In some case, the individual's performance has been considered more important while in others the amountof time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor. Nevertheless, seniority is a standard that has never been left out. However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots.Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are more likely to Generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets, innovative and creative talents are sough by many companiesin order to adapt to the market. To meet their needs, companies have more to gain by selecting outside employeessince they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas. Thus, rather than promoting existing employees, it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent.An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need towait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. Simply put, no matter how long they have been with the company, employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder. As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person, employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in theentire industry. As a result, they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard.第II卷V . TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.必须采取有效措施以防止病毒扩散（prevent）73.事实证明，能坚持理想的人往往更容易取得成功（There）74.教师们不遗余力推进素质教育，旨在培养学生的创新精神和实践能力（effort）75.随着时代的进步，许多往日被视为奢侈品的电子产品，己成为大众消费得起的日用品（that）VI. 76. Guided WritingDirections：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是启明中学高三学生李华，你的朋友Bill发邮件告诉你他正在和同学一起筹划明年暑假的毕业旅行, 已设计了两个初步方案（具体如下），但选择哪个方案更合适尚未定夺，他想听取你的建议，请给Bill回复一封邮件，在邮件中你必须：1）推荐其中一个方案；2）通过比较两个方案的信息，说明你推荐该方案的理由参考答案I ・ Listening ComprehensionI-5 DCBBC 6-10 CADBCII-13 BCD 14-16 CBC 17-20 DCABII. Grammar and VocabularySection A21. called 22. that 23. are blocked 24. Interrupted 25. Even though26. to be practicing 27. Another 28. that/which 29. do/may 30. LyingSection B31. D 32. J 33. H 34. A 35. G 36. F 37. B 38. C 39. K 40. EIH. Reading ComprehensionSection A41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. B 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. A51. B 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. DSection B56-59 BCAC 60-62 DDA 63-66 CBBCSection C67-70 DBAEIV. Summary Writing71.Nowadays. More companies prefer to select outside employees in promotion instead of considering employees' past performance and seniority mainly for two reasons/advantages. One is that outside employees are more likely to produce creative ideas, which helps companies adapt to the market. The other is that is stops employees thinking their seniority guarantees a promotion, which helps enhancing employees5 work level. (59 words)V . Translation72.Effective measures must be taken to prevent the spread of the virus.73.There is evidence that those who can stick to their ambitions/dreams are more likely to succeed.74.Teachers spare no efforts to promote the quality-oriented education, cultivating students9 spirit of innovationand practical abilities.75.With the advancement of times, many electronic devices that were regarded as luxury possessions has beenturned into affordable commodities/daily goods/ daily necessities the general public use.VI. Guided WritingOmitted.。
2020年12月上海市黄浦区普通高中2021届高三毕业班上学期期末调硏测试(一模)英语试题(解析版)
Mechanical pencils are not only more convenient than your traditionalTiconderogain the sense that they never need_____4_____(sharpen); they also produce thinner，cleaner lines，which is exers. Furthermore，they are environmentally friendly，since you don't have to buy_____5_____woodenpencil whenever you run out of lead（铅芯）. You can simply refill your mechanical pencil. There is only one slight negative I must remark on，_____6_____is that as someone who calls mechanical pencils "lead pencil" in casual conversation，the term "lead pencil" is confusing. Mechanical pencil lead is actually not made from the chemical element lead. It is made from a mixture of graphite and clay，which_____7_____not give you lead poisoning. This is contrary to what my third-grade teacher said when she saw my classmate John clicking his mechanical pencil against his index finger out of boredom: "John，stop that! You're going to get lead poisoning!" I think all the third-graders (and teachers) in the world would feel much_____8_____(safe) if they knew what really made up the pencils they use every day.