小马过河马骏托福听力听写方法讲义
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托福听力泛听提高听力硬实力
托福听力泛听提高听力硬实力在托福听力的备考中，老师会强调让同学们做很多精听的练习。
在精听练习中，特别是对句子的理解能力，需要同学们每天坚持跟读和复述去加强的。
但我们普遍遇到的问题是：日复一日的逐句重复和精听比较枯燥，导致同学们很难坚持。
今天，武汉小马过河国际教育的核心课名师张昕煦（Lily）老师将给大家介绍一下泛听的材料和方法，给大家的精听练习一个调剂和补充。
市面上有很多的材料对托福的听力都是有帮助的，例如科学时刻(A Moment of Science)60秒科学(60-second Science)，TED演讲(TED Talk)，BBC的纪录片...但这些听力材料怎么使用，才能最高效地给予我们最大的帮助呢?首先，我们需要知道泛听的目的。
泛听材料应该与托福听力的内容相一致，特别是lecture中的各种学术内容。
所以带有学术方面知识的材料对我们的帮助才是最直接的。
在备考过程中，许多同学喜欢去练习VOA和BBC的新闻广播。
要知道，我们听力考试中，是不考新闻、政治和时事热点的。
在泛听过程中，普及我们对各种学术背景(Academic background)的理解和熟悉是重要的一个目的。
其次，材料中句子的难度应该与我们所处的能力阶段相对应，或者与考试难度相符。
以60秒科学为例，该材料语速很快(托福听力语速的1.4倍)，学术专业性很强。
刚开始去听这样的材料必然会花费很多不必要的精力，导致我们很难坚持。
所以选择合适难度的材料非常重要。
另外，泛听就是在吃东西、搭公交的时候听一听的材料吗?其实不然。
泛听中我们不仅要扩大自己的背景知识，还需要对自己的听力能力加以测试，在应用理解中不断进步和强化。
所以不管在哪个阶段的同学，泛听也要注重不断重复。
先听1-2遍了解大意，再逐句理解句子结构和表达方式。
在基础阶段，学生都反应对句子的节奏跟不上，往往“哗”的一阵句子就说完了。
所以选择合适的材料，循序渐进地理解句子。
开始可以结合听力稿去分析，最后一定要脱稿，并能听出表达主谓宾的各个意群。
马俊听力讲义听写方法
马俊听力讲义听写方法第一回演义篇ETS ―→Easy Touching System姓名：托福，生于1963年，80年后偷渡至中国，虽横行于欧美，却降服于中国。
（至中国后，他的最高分神话562分被我莘莘学子屡破不爽）。
95年8月自以为是的以皮毛移容之术欲刁难国人，深不知无论是“脱”还是“穿”，它的黔驴之术早被国人“大方贻笑”了。
2001年后故技重施，反到“愚人自扰”，“弄拙成巧”。
对此望海内外各界同仁莫见笑，要知2005年8月它寿终正寝，此番挣扎权当它是自娱（愚）吧！第二回理论篇（大树理论）→_________________1、____________________2、____________________3、____________________与___________________之差异：① ___________________ ② _________________③浊化④弱化⑤ ___________变____________ ⑥ ___________变____________4、__________________________ ① ____________________② ____________________→_________________1、____________________2、____________________ ① ____________________② ____________________③ ____________________→A：_________________ + B：_________________A：1、________________ 2、________________ 3、________________4、________________ ① ____________________② ____________________③ ____________________5、________________B：1、________________ 2、________________3、________________4、________________→_________________1、________________2、________________3、________________4、________________ 正常的：_____________________________________________________________________→_________________1、________________2、________________3、________________4、________________1、(A) He disagrees with the woman(B) He has a lot of experience listening to others.(C) He can keep a secret.(D) He has several younger brothers and sisters.W: You are such a good listener. What’s your secret?M: Well, when you grow up sharing a room with three older brothers, sure can get plenty of practice.What can be inferred about the man?2、(A) He has to pick up some groceries.(B) He hasn’t had any tea for a long time.(C) He’d like to walk a little further.(D) He’ll pay for the drinks.W: It seems like we have been walking all day. I could go for a glass fo ice tea.M: Ok, my treat though since you picked up the tab last time.What does the man mean?3、(A) She can’t help the man .(B) She doesn’t want to lend the man any money.(C) She owes the man some money.(D) She sometimes asks the man to drive her places.M: Oh, no, my lunch costs 8 dollars but I only have 5 in my wallet. Can you help me out?W: Sure. Just remember this when I need a ride to town.What can be inferred about the woman?4、(A) He didn’t enjoy the game because the team lost.(B) He’s impressed by the efforts of the team.(C) The woman is wrong about who won the game.(D) The players could have won if they’d tried harder.W: Losing the championship must have been a big disappointment to the players on our volleyball team.M: Yeah, but they really played their hearts out. They are still champions in my book. What does the man mean?5、(A) She should have asked to be excused from the trip.(B) She deserves the zero.(C) She is right to be angry.(D) She should have gone on the field trip.A: Oh, I’m so angry. My biology professor would not even let me try to explain why I missed the field trip. He just gave me a zero.B: That doesn’t seem fair. I would feel that way too if I were you.What does the man imply about the woman .?6、(A) She admires Steve’s relationship with his father.(B) She does not know Steve or his father.(C) Her daughter is older than Steve.(D) She disagrees with the man.A: What a relationship Steven and his father have?B: Don’t they. I only hope my daughter and I can get along like that when she is Steve’s age.What can be inferred from the woman?综上五方面，从土→根→干→枝→叶，各部分在听力中的定位及侧重也由树来比较学习。
小马过河toefl学员语法经验分享
TOEFL Junior：小托福备考要注重日常知识积累！小马过河托福专业的师资团队，为您的托福之路保驾护航！首先想说的是写作部分。
这部分是我付出精力比较多的一个单项，最后的成绩也还是没有辜负之前的努力，所以介绍一些个人的小经验给大家。
先说说综合写作方面，这部分主要还是要把握好总体关系及听力中的每一点和文章中的每一点。
字数不用太多，注重质量，说明白就可以了，言多必失嘛。
独立写作其实就是写议论文，主要要有自己的思想在里面，要有自己的观点。
我没用模板，但是也不是毫无准备裸着就去考了。
还是积累了一些好的句型和表达方式，个人认为背诵经典教材的文章是个不错的选择，对写作很有帮助，写起来首先不会言之无物，其次文章的整体会很流畅。
写作部分还要提醒大家的就是要注意最后的检查。
诸如单复数、主谓不一致、元音前误用了a 而不是an 之类的错误，还有一些打字时的手误很容易就能查出来。
但如果为此丢分就实在很不值了。
口语可能是很多人比较薄弱的环节，我也曾经一度很担心自己的口语，但是其实只要掌握好方法，并且多加练习，口语并没有想象中那么难。
我觉得口语方面还是要多练、多说才能够达到提高的目的。
我平时采用最多的方法就是跟读和模仿，比如VOA,BBC 还有很多经典的电影对白都是很好的材料。
口语的资料积累也是很重要的部分，只有有准备才会有的说嘛。
这方面我没有投入很大的精力，但却取得了很不错的效果。
我的托福成绩整体还是很让我满意的，各个单项的成绩也比较平均。
现在跟大家简单的叙述一下我备考的过程，谈不上经验，但至少是经历，希望对“后来人”有所帮助。
1.小马过河小托福提示：注重词汇的积累。
Junior考试虽然是针对初中生的，但是不论是从句子表达的需要也好，还是到美国入学后的长远打算也好，扩展自己的词汇量永远都是不变的要求。
不必单纯地死记硬背，可以尝试着在阅读文章、做阅读题的同时消化、理解新的单词，做到词语和句篇的全面理解和掌握。
尤其是可以收集记忆一些基础性的学科词汇，如fossil(化石)，deposit(沉积物)，lava(岩浆)等，这对学术类文章的阅读有很大帮助。
托福听力：记笔记和习语
托福听力：记笔记和习语小马过河为大家准备了“托福听力：记笔记和习语”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267记笔记的问题任何一个对IBT考试有所了解的人都知道在听力考试中是要凭借自己的笔记来答题的，因为听的过程中看不到题目，而且题目是一个一个出现的。
其他的考试，在听力录音开始播放前就让大家看到了考试题目，所以聪明的中国考生可以去联系上下题干猜出很多题目。
但IBT考试与其有很大的不同，做笔记在新托福IBT的考试中相当的重要，笔记是答题的基础和前提。
具体怎样做呢?我现在提出自己的方法给大家参考，也是我在课上反复给学生强调的。
首先要写有用、有追忆性的部分，而且要英汉结合。
其次是利用符号线条曲线画图的方式记录内容。
总之只要自己看得懂就行。
最后是写越少完整单词越好。
希望大家在平时的练习中就要不断地锻炼、提高自己记笔记的能力!词汇、习语的问题任何语言的考试都离不开词汇的积累，新托福IBT考试也不例外，但它往往考的不是这个单词本身的意思，而是这个单词在特定语境中的含义。
所以并不是说大家没有背过这个单词，而是你可能不了解这个一词多意单词的其他意思或是不理解这个俚语究竟是什么意思，比如：on edge=very nervous;dogbeat=very tired;这个时候千万不要望文生义，一定要平时在练习中多多积累!另外一定要知道一些IBT特有的否定句或是肯定句型：例如在IBT听力中“I doubt it… ”是怀疑表否定的内容;“I suspect…”是怀疑表肯定的内容;“you can say that again…”是绝对的肯定句，这些大家在平时的练习中都要做多多的总结。
来源于：小马过河小马过河资料下载频道，欢迎您来下载！全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267。
新东方名师马骏讲解英语听力提高的唯一方法——听写
（无论水平如何，有任何疑问请先来这里）
一、请务必先熟读以下3条（初学者要读）：
1、什么是听写？
问：什么是听写？
答：简单的讲：
(1) 听写就是听一句写一句，对照文字找到自己没有识别出来的声音；同时在这个过程里训练自己的听觉存储力。听写只是一个工具而已。每天都要使用这个工具来检查我们的耳朵到底有哪些漏洞，无论是对于单词只是熟悉形状不熟悉发音，还是我们不认识的单词，只要是我们耳朵陌生的声音，都可以使用这个工具检查出来。因为我们那多年学习英文靠眼睛，疏忽了耳朵作为一个识别工具去识别单词，这样一来，想理解句子是根本不可能的。所以，要从最简单的入手，首先让你的耳朵听出来的东西更多，才能提高理解的程度。记住，听写只是一个工具，不能敷衍了事，你在使用工具的过程中，到得到一些东西；千万别把听写当成一个任务，大家都听写，为什么有的人进步快，有的人进步慢？根本上就是你是否在使用听写这个工具的时候查漏了！- B; k: l8 I; I3 @% }1 ^
3、关于记笔记 关于记笔记 关于记笔记
（1）笔记记的好的……他本身听力的基本实力就会很好……记笔记首先与你的听力的实力有关……你能跟得上节奏听着它么……它听到了能手同时记录么……等等……这是与你听力实力有关的……
（2）笔记记的好的……他知道该在哪里记……记笔记与你听过多少新托福学术的段子有关……听的多了你会自己总结出来哪里务必要记录……比如：开头；原因；举例……等……这里就不多说……
我今天做DELTA最后的QUIZ，发现有个段子读的很快而且有很多爆炸性的词语，我发现在记笔记的时候遗漏的信息，你说怎么办？
Delta这个材料本身有些内容就很非常难的……这些东西是强求不了……坦然些对待……爆炸性的词汇是我们永远无法逃避的……对于你所说的段子听写一下并不问中的主题和词汇了解一下……就可以了……
小马过河托福听力场景分类(上)文本
McKie• • 2010 8 5VESTIBULUM LORMEW: So how do you like living in the renovated dorms?M: There aren’t much different than the old dorms, just some new pane and windows. The windows are nice so they shut off the noise really well. The street’s just outside, but I can barely hear the traffic.W: Um, they must be good windows, I bet they must have double panes and glass; they shut off a lot of noise that the single pane wouldn’t stop.M: Yeah, I wish I had something just the factor between me and my neighbor’s room. Sometimes he turns up the music so loud that I have trouble getting into sleep. Anyway I guess I’m better off than the people who’ll be moving into the new dorms. Did you see how thin the walls are that they putting up between those rooms?W: I haven’t seen them but I did read something about them in the campus newspaper. They are supposed to be better than the thick concrete wall you’ve got here.M: Better? How?W: Well, what they doing is separating each room with 2 thin layer of plasterboards and each one is nailed to a different frame. That way they vibrate independently.M: Oh, I see, so the sound from one room doesn’t just vibrate the wall and go directly into next room. There is a gap between 2 layers of wall.W: That’s right.M: Well, I’m still stuck with this neighbor and I am not sure what to do.W: You know heavy bear wall doesn’t help. You should hang something up like some fur rags or some decorated cross. That would act like a kind of a second wall and absorb some sound. I got some extras you can use, people hey.M: I’d appreciate it; anything to get a good night sleep.1 2 3W: Can I help you find something? Oh, hi, Rick!M: Oh, hi, Julie. When did you start working here? I thought you were waiting tables in Teresa’s café.W: Yeah, I quitted, because I had to work too many nights. I started here just a few days ago. It’s perfect! I work all afternoon shift. So my mornings are free for classes, and I can study at night. So what are you looking for?M: Well, I can’t seem to find the 8th book for English 626. I only found these seven. I’m probably looking right at itW: Um…English 626…English 626… Are you sure they are 8?M: Yeah, they are 8 titles on my syllabus. And look, the card on the shelf had eight listed. But I can only find seven of the books.W: You are right. Oh, here they are. They are on the wrong shelves over here by economics books.I’ll have to put these into the English books so they are not so hard to find.M: Thanks a lot. Can you point me the direction of the computer paper?W: Sure, it’s… 2 or 3 aisles over. Why don’t you follow me? It’s easier just to show you.1 2 3M: Janet! Nice to see you again. Ready to plan you schedule for next semester?W: Yeah, I’ve already looked at the list of classes. And I hope to take business law and intro tofinance this coming semester.M: That sounds good. And it is always best plans the courses in your major first and then fit out the requirements on the electives then.W: I like to take one other business course, but I am not sure which one?M: How are about an economics course?W: I took one this past semester and got a lot out of it.M: Oh, that’s right I remember you telling me about it. Well, let’s see what else you need? W: I need another English course and was thinking about taking a poetry class.M: Let me see, the prerequisite for all the poetry classes is the English composition.W: I took that my first semester.M: Well, modern American poetry fits in your scheduleW: With Doctor Turner?M: Um-huh…W: That’ll be great! I heard all about her from my roommate, the English major.M: This should up tobe a pretty good semester for you, what else do you need to take?W: I have to take one more math course but I have been putting it at all. I heard that calculus is really tough.M: It is! But you may want to take it and just take these four courses this semester.W: That’s not a bad idea! I just hope it doesn’t affect my grade point average!1 2 3W: Excuse me. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?M: No I guess not.M: Great! This is for a student council report; we want to find out what students think the campus food service the results would tell us what kind of changes to push for.M: I think everyone has pretty strong opinions about that.W: Yeah, that’s one thing I found out already. Ok, first how often do you eat in the cafeteria? M: Almost everyday, I’ve got a meal contract.W: And do you usually eat here at Anderson hall.M: Yeah, I live next door.W: And you mention that you have a meal contract, is that right?M: Uh-huh! For breakfast and dinner, Monday to Saturday.W: What’s your general impression of the food here?M: Well, people complain a lot, but basically I think it’s ok. The vegetables are usually overcooked, but I mean they had to feed hundreds of people here. You are not going to get something freshly prepared just for you.W: What if I just put down generally satisfactory, would like more fresh vegetables, ok?M: Sure.W: So you think the other things like soup and dessert’s okay?M: Yeah, that’s about right.W: Is there anything you like to change about the cafeteria?M: Yes, the hours. Sometimes it’s a real rush for me to get back here before 6:30.1 2 34 5W: Excuse me! I need to a copy of Steven Hakim’s Brief History of Time. And I don’t know where to look for it?M: Did you check the status on the library’s computer?W: I tried but I couldn’t figure out what to do.M: Well I can call it up right here. You wanted Hakim’s book right? It looks like it will be out for another 6 weeks.W: Oh no, I really need it for paper that due in 2 weeks. Is there anything you can do?M: Sure, we can try to get it from another library, just fill out this form and it should be here in 3 or 5 days. But it will cost 2 dollars.W: What a relief! That’s a really help!**********************************************************M: Good morning. Is this where we should come to add or drop a course?W: Yes, it is. Just write the name of the course you want to drop on this little form.M: Great! Now where do I write the Astronomy course that I want to add?W: Sorry it’s too late to add a course. You could only add courses two weeks since this semester. And Friday was the last day.M: But I’m senior. And if I dropped the class without adding in one, I wouldn’t have enough credits to graduate.W: So, what you have to do then is to get the professor’s approval and have him sign the special add form. Then bring it back to me, and I put it through.M: Okay. Thanks. I hope I’ll be able to find them.**********************************************************M: Hi, Lanyard, we missed you in psychology class yesterday.W: I have a terrible cough. So I stayed at home. Do you take notes?M: Well, no one can ever recite for my handwriting. Tina was there, too. And you are more likely to be able to read her notes.W: Do you know where she is today?M: I know she has class in the morning. But she always eats lunch in the cafeteria around noon.W: Good! I’ll try to catch her then.M: So you are going to be writing for the school newspaper?W: Yes, I’m excited about it. I’m thinking about journalism as a career.M: Well! Congratulations! How do they decide whom to hire?W: I have to send the writing sample. I used one of the essays I’ve written for the literature class, then the editor assigned me a topic to write a short article about it.M: What did you write about?W: Actually, it was a lot of fun. I wrote about the students’ play that has been performed this month.M: Oh, I saw that play. The director is a friend of mine. It really called in a stir around here. W: Yeah, I know. That’s what I wrote about --people’s reaction to it. It’s really interesting. M: Have you finished the article? Can I read it?W: Sure. I just made a couple of copies. So you can have one.M: Thanks. I wish I were a better writer. Working for the paper sounds like fun.W: Well, they’re looking to add one or two more photographers to the staff.M: You’re kidding! May be I’ll go over and apply.W: If you want, I’ll walk over with you to the newspaper office and introduce you to the photographic editor and some of the other photographers.M: That will be terrific! But can we go tomorrow? I have to go to math class now. And if we go tomorrow, then I’ll have time tonight to put together a portfolio of photographs to show them.W: Sure. And maybe you should call them and set up a time to meeting them tomorrow. M: Good idea. I’ll do that before I go to class.W: All right. See you tomorrow.1 23 4 5W: Hey, Kevin, I haven’t seen you since the beginning of the semester, how is it going? M: Well, I am a little overwhelmed. It’s strange. I always want to go to a big university like this but now I am here. I am not so sure. I mean the courses are interesting enough, but… W: What’s bothering you then?M: Well after going to a small high school and knowing everybody it’s a pretty shagged to be in huge lecture hall with hundreds of students. And not one professor even knows my name. W: I know you mean. I’ve so pretty lost myself last year but I know about something that might help. It’s called the mentor group.M: The what?W: The mentor group. It’s like a support group. I joined it last year when I was a first year student.M: So what is it?W: It’s basically professors and small group of students getting together informally to discuss all kinds of subjects. You have the chance to meet professors and other students.M: Hem, sounds worthwhile, but doesn’t it take up a lot of studying timeW: Not really, you can study all the time you know and this is like a little break.M: I guess you could meet professor whose course you might take later!W: Exactly, that’s what happened to me! I am taking the psychology course with Professor Green. I didn’t know how interesting psychology was, till I got to talk to him in the mentor group.M: You talk to him in the mentor group! Is it too late to join?W: I don’t think so; if I were you I go over to the dean’s office and sign up.M: I was going to the library to return a book but I can do it later I guess.1 2 3 xx4W: Here we are at registration again; I can’t believe how much tuition has gone up.M: I know. It’s ridiculous. You know my cousin Anne pays nothing to go her school in Kentucky.W: Nothing! Maybe I should transfer there.M: You can’t, only students from certain part of Kentucky can go. It’s only for students from the Appalachian Mountains area.W: So with no tuition how do they run the school?M: Well, they get a lot of donations.W: And that pays for everything?M: Well, they also get some money from the government and besides that all the students are required to work at the college. That’s why the college doesn’t need to hire a lot ofoutside-workers.W: Oh yeah, that will help cut the school expenses, so what kind of job do they do?M: My cousin helps to clean the dorms. I think her roommate washes dishes in the cafeteria. Things like that.W: That sounds great! Come to think of it. I heard of something in Georgia called hope scholarship.M: Hope scholarship? What’s that?W: I think they used state lottery money to give free tuition. But not everyone from Georgia qualifies. You need at least B average in high school.M: I should apply for that. I had really good grades in high school.W: No, you had to be from Georgia.M: Just my luck.1 2 xx3W: What’s the matter? I’ve never seen you look so tense?M: Oh, I am just frustrated. That’s all. I have been working on this lab report for my biology class for hours and the results keep coming out wrong.W: Did you use the right procedures?M: Yeah, that’s not the problem…it’s just the…well, it’s just, you know every time I do the statistics I get the different results. Did you ever take biology?W: No, I fill my science requirement with physics, I really don’t care for biology especially dissection. I must pass it down in high school. We had to cut open that.M: Ok, I get the picture, I am bit squish myself but biology requires the least math, which isn’t my best subject. I really don’t see why we even have to take science classes if we are not major in it. I am never going to use this in the real life.W: Well that’s not the point really, a college graduate suppose to be well-rounded it. You knowwith broad education. You can only specialize in grad school.M: Sure, if I ever get there. It just seems I run one biology lab report could stand in the wave of brilliant career in sociology.W: You don’t be silly; you will manage somehow. See how come you don’t have the result for one of your XXX to write down.M: Whoops! I must forgot to add it in. No wonder my figures were messed up!1 2 3 xx 4 5W: Hi, Mark, how is it going?M: Well, not so great.W: What's wrong?M: I’ve got a big problem with the poetry course that’s required for my major.W: Is it all sold up?M: No, no, there's plenty room, but there's prerequisite. I’ve got to take an introduction to poetry before I can take the special course in poets of the 1960's, and the introductory course is only offered in the evenings.W: You don't like evening classes?M: No, that's not the point. I work in the cafeteria every evening; I need the money to pay my tuition.W: Can you ask someone that work to switch hours with you? Maybe you could just switch a couple of evening since the course probably only needs two times a week?M: I wish I could, my boss just did me a favor by putting me on evenings. And he'll hit the ceiling if I ask to change again.W: Wait a minute, I have an idea, have you checked the course over at the community college? They might offer intro-to-poetry course during the day!M: Hey, that's a great idea! I am free this afternoon, I think I'll go over and check it out.W: Yeah, their courses are actually cheaper and you can transfer the credits over here!M: Thank for the advice, Linda. I'll let you know what happens.W: Sure, Mark, good luck! Oh, while you there, could you find out when the pool is open? M: No problem.1 2 3 45M: I'm really glad we got Cindy to be in our study group.W: That's for sure, his background in art should be a big help getting ready for this art history final.M: Now, what we'll have to do is to figure out where we’re going to meet.W: Why don't we just meet in the library?M: The six people in the group will probably make too much noise. How about my dorm room? W: There is not enough space, where would we all sit?M: Oh, I know, the snack bar in the student center! It is not too crowd in the evening, and we can push some tables together.W: That'll work! I'll let everyone know to be there at 7:00 tonight.M: Excuse me. I am looking for the textbook for a course called Psychology of Personality,but Ican't find it anywhere.W: Is that the book for Dr. Peterson's course?M: That's right, Psychology 3601.W: Yes, yes, I was afraid of that. It seems we didn't order enough books for that class. You are the 7th person today who’s come in looking for one.M: But classes begin on Monday.W: I wouldn't worry, Dr. Peterson was aware of the problem, and we got another shipment of books coming in before the end of the month.M: Can I reserve the copy?W: No problem. Just give me your name and phone number, we'll call you when the books arrive.M: I’ve got another parking ticket. I don't understand why?W: What color sticker do you have?M: It's gold; it's for this lot!W: Well, where did you park?M: Over there, next to that green truck.W: You are right in front of the loading dock; that's where they unload the kitchen supplies. M: So what?W: You are lucky you only got a ticket. Normally, security tows any cars that park there.Listen to a conversation between an advisor and a student.W: Come on in, Paul, and have a seat. How can I help you?M: Well, I need to choose my major, and I guess I am not sure what I want to do for a career. W:O h!M: My problem is that I love philosophy, but my dad doesn't want me to get a degree in the humanities. He said that I'll be better off financially with a career in something like business. W: Yes, people in the humanities often do make lower salaries.M: Yeah, and I don't want to be poor, so I’m doomed.W: Hem...I guess you know that a lot of famous philosophers work in other fields, too. In fact, some of them did ground-breaking work.M: Like Aristotle?W: Um, this is just one example. There were doctors, lawyers, historians, mathematicians. Lock for example, he was trained to medicine.M: Yeah, but you are talking about geniuses. I get to grades, but I'm not a genius.W: My point is, you could work in a higher paid field and pursue philosophy on the side. It's not too late for you to declare a double major.M: But what other fields what I choose?W: I can help you with that, there's a special test you can take to determine your talents. You can take it now and it only takes an hour, then we can match your talents to a variety of job descriptions and go for there.M: Ok, that sounds like a good plan!M: Ms. Preska, I am Tim Louis.W: Nice to meet you, Tim. The work study office called to let me know you will come in. You are interested in job here this coming semester.M: Yes, I was hoping the library might be able to use me.W: We always need some help from work study students. Can you tell me a little about yourself?M: Let’s see, I am a sophomore. I live off campus and I major in business.W: Fine, what about work experience?M: I have been the lifeguard for 3 summers at city pool. Here on campus I work last year in the cafeteria. This semester I am at the computer center 3 evenings a week but I prefer the afternoon job.W: We have the opening for someone to share books 4 afternoons a week, a total of 16 hours. Will that suit you?M: Perfectly, my courses in next semester all meet in the morning.W: The job is yours then. Please read through this information before your begin, your first day of work will be 2 weeks from today.M: Thank you very much, I’ll see you then.M: So where are you going to be this summer?W: I’ve got a part time job at the gallery in New York. And I will be taking a joining class at night.M: That's great. You can learn a lot working in an art gallery, and there's no place like New York for an inspiring artist. I lived there myself when I was first at the college.W: I know how lucky I am to have this job but to tell you the truth; I have my heart set on going out west this summer.M: Out west? You mean California.W: No, the southwest, the desert and everythingM: Why the desert?W: Well, you know, Georgia O'Keeffe is my favorite artist, and she did such good work out there.M: That' true. But O'Keeffe didn't start out in the southwest, you know. She lived in New York for years, and she did some very impressive painting there.W: I guess you mean the skyscraper series. It's funny I never really thought about where she paint them before.M: It was in New York and she got a lot out of living there. She didn't always enjoy it. But later on she said that being around so many artists that help her to develop her own artistic vision.W: That's a new way of looking at the city. Now I can only find affordable place to live.Listen to part of the conversation between two college studentsM: Could we stop for a few minutes before we go over chapter five? I'm gonna need extra emerge to get through that one.W: Why? The first four chapters went really fast.M: I know, but the professor said the test would go up to chapter five. And that's the one I understand least. My notes from that day are a mess, circles made of broken lines, the word "GESTALT" in big letters, complete confusion.W: Ok, well, let's start with the broken lines. There suppose to be an illustration of the principle of closure. The idea is that your brain doesn't take in information exactly the same way as your eyes see it. I mean it's not like your eyes are camera and your brain just see the photographs it takes. The point is that your brain perceives more than your eyes actually see. Imaging individual broken lines and the shape of the circle, your brain perceives them to be a circle, even though the shape isn't complete. Your brain fills in the empty spaces because what it sees is familiar to a complete pattern.M: Oh, I get it. Our brains’ close is based in the circle --- closure, so is closure the same thing as GESTALT?W: Well, closure is part of GESTALT. It's one of the five principles that try to explain how the brain organizes the information it perceives.M: Hem, do you think that the other four principles would be on the test?W: Probably seems they are all in chapter five. We'd better go over all of them.M: Yeah, I'm sure you are right. But let's go and get something to eat before we do the rest, ok? Otherwise, I don't think my brain will be able to perceive anything.W: Sure, let's go.VESTIBULUM LORMEThe origin of farming of prehistoric timesW: I read the prehistoric people had settled in villages in start farming when they could no longer survive just by hunting and gathering. The idea was that they pushed out of the best land as the population grew, most likely they had noticed that some seeds sprout when they drop them, so when the people had to move to less productive area, they settled in permanent villages there and started planting seeds to keep from starving.M: That was the thinking until two years ago when archaeologists found evidence that goes against that theory. The new idea is that farming developed in the richest land areas and the people who started it weren’t been threaten by starvation. Apparently successful hunters and gatherers are living in villages long before they started cultivating crops, this villages just wanted to have more stable foods supply.W: What? You mean that people settled in the villages where they were still hunting and gathering wild food to eat? How did the archaeologists come to that conclusion?M: Well, one way was a new more accurate method that dating a small piece or something like grain of corn or wheat, you know earlier archeologists couldn’t date something that small so they have to date say the charcoal around it to get the estimated age.W: So with the new technique to determine the age of the tiny sample, they found out the grain was older than they had thought?M: No, just the opposite. They found out it was much younger, so that meant the mastication of grain probably occurred long after people had begun to live in the villages.1 2 3 45how to determine the date of settlementNow let we discuss the proper way to dig for the assign in an archaeological site, let's turn on our attention to the kinds of objects we might excavate there and what they could tell us about colonial life here on the east coast of North America. One thing we hope to learn when we study the buttons or the broken dishes or other artifacts that got from the site is just how long ago people were living there. So one of the most useful finds obviously would be a coin. But even a object doesn't have a year stamp right on it can still have the archaeologists to determine just when the site was being used. For instance one object from 1600 and 1700 you likely find is the clay pipe. Smoking was common then but not cigarettes. Tobacco was generally smoked in long thin pipes---clay pipes manufactured in England. These imported clay pipes were so cheap that even the poor could afford to use them and then just threw them away. That's why they were so common throughout the colonies and why we find so many broken and discard pipes in archaeological digs. But the style of the clay pipe, the shape of the bowl, the link of skin, the diameter of the hole all involved over the years. So we can assign seriously precise date to a pipe just by looking at it and comparing it to the similar pipe we already know the age of. And that information will tell us how long ago settlers were living in that site and can help us date the other artifacts found there. Let me pause here and ask you now what you think some of the other common objects might be and what we might be able to learn from them.1 2 coin 3 4 5native peopleBefore we continue you should understand an important concept. That is the notion of a culture area. A culture area is not a colony of artist but the geographic area inhabited by different people with similar cultures. A culture area is relatively consistent in term of land features. For instance, the land is completely mountains or flats and the climate. There are similarities in the kind of plants and animals and settlers. I take what I call a bottom-up approach to study of the culture. That does not mean that I go to those sites or people are digging for artifact but rather it means that I think of culture as something it grows out of the daily needs of people’s life, like finding food or protecting themselves against weather. The routines and social order the people create in order to deal with these things form the culture. So Inuit peoples lived in what’s now Alaska, people whose surrounding are cold and not fit for agriculture and who depend on fishing. You can image how their routines differ from Anasazi people who lived in warm desert region. So if that’s clear to everyone, we can continue. So moving on. Anthropologists feel that in what is now United States and Canada there are 9 culture areas. We will examine all of them in the next few weeks but for now let’s start with our own area.1 talk23 4W: Can you give me an idea about what I missed in sociology class on Tuesday?M: Oh, it was really interesting. First you under over material on how infants normally shift to become more interested in people than objects, you know, at first babies just like to look at things, only later do they start to interact with people, and then we talked about play as part as socialization of children.W: Play? You mean like games or make believe?M: Yeah. All different kinds of play, apparently it is important for children to experiment the different roles like pretending their parent instead of a child, also through the play they learned to adapt to the norms as the rules of their social groups.W: Which of the readings did the professor refer to?M: A lot of them come from Erik Eriksson’s work on psychological development, he said that for children, play isn’t just important replication the way as adults, when children play, they can deal with problems and they can learn then they can even like fear and frustration, if children aren’t successful in play, they may even have the emotional problems later in life. W: Is the class talking about any other research?M: Yeah, we talked about research on animals behavior and how young animals play, too. The professor said there is evident that play is biologically base, this means that animal actually had instincts that lead them to play to explore and learn about the environment.W: So it’s play that let animals and human get exposed to different experiences.M: Exactly. And it actually shot them all kinds of skills, thinking skills, as well as physical skills that they need to survive.W: I have to go now, but let’s talk about this more before the next class.1 how234 why5sociology courseM: I really like my sociology class. It’s a seminar on methods in sociology.W: That doesn’t sound terribly exciting.M: I thought so too at first. But we being reading different research studies we find outabout the conclusions, their finding and we also discuss the details of that how they do the study. Some of the reading has been fascinating.W: For an example?M: Well, we just read the study that was done in an elementary school. A school where a lot of students were failing. When the researchers went into the school, they thought they would find out how teachers low expectations contributed to students doing so poor in school.W: I think I’ve heard of that. Then when students don’t perform well in school it’s calledself-fulfilling something.M: Right self-fulfilling prophecy. But in this school, there was one first grade teacher they call her Ms. A who had very positive affect on student. The researchers talk to the students after they become adults and examine the students’ school records. Students who had been in Ms. A‘s class were much more like to do well in the school and they were more likely to be successful as adults than students who had been in the other first grade classes in that school. W: What was the teacher’s secret? Did the researchers ever find out?M: She just didn’t give up on anyone no matter how long it took to reach him. She also communicated to the students how important education is. The adults in the study all mention this when they were interviewed some 20 years later。
托福听力备考：强化抗干扰能力
托福听力备考：强化抗干扰能力
小马过河为大家准备了“托福听力备考：强化抗干扰能力”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267
对于外部考场上的干扰，很多考生都心有戚戚焉，因为托福特殊的考试形式使大家没有办法不受干扰。
小马过河建议托福考生们，尤其是做题做的比较慢的同学，在托福听力考试之前就要有心理准备，有条件的尽可能找个相对好些的考试环境，在考场上尽可能的集中注意力，实在不行就时刻把耳机戴着，或者小声的读题也可以。
也可以利用笔记把注意力转移到听力材料上，托福听力允许考生在听材料的过程中记录重要的信息点。
考生在平时的准备中做适当的练习，提高记录的效率，在一定的时间内速记下重要的信息点，这也可以抵抗干扰。
对于内部听力材料中的干扰，托福的听力考试中，有许多文章材料有较多的插入语和连接词，许多章节信息量过于集中，不易于考生在有效时间内完成题目。
因此，考生在托福听力的过程中，应该集中精力抓住文章的主要脉络，对于其他的细节或偏题的段落应该大胆略过，确保自己的思路是按照文章的主要内容而发展，这样在回答考生最畏惧的主旨题时才能不被字面的意思所干扰。
这两种干扰就是影响托福听力不能拿高分的主要原因，强化抗干扰能力就可以尽量排除这些因素对托福听力的影响，争取拿到好成绩。
来源于：小马过河
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关于《小马过河》演讲稿
小马过河
2007年1月1日，一个名字叫“小马过河”的婴儿诞生了，他的爸爸是著名新东方新托福听力老师马骏，就是被我们亲切的称为Horse 的那个思维方式有点异于常人的疯子男人。
他的妈妈…有待考察，也许“小马过河”就是第二个耶稣吧，为虾米呢，因为：第一，耶稣只有妈妈，小马只有爸爸；第二，耶稣出生在马厩中，小马过河也出生在马厩；第三，耶稣有胡子，小马的爸爸有胡子；第四，耶稣用母语传教，小马也用母语传授英语；第五，耶稣曾受尽磨难，不被理解，小马也曾受白眼，遭恶人攻击；第六，耶稣的一生毫不利己，全心为人，小马无私奉献，全心为会员；第七，耶稣造福了苦难中的人类，小马造福了被出国考试折磨的人；是天意？是巧合？是注定？无从考究。
但有一点是被肯定的，小马过河，将带我们走向不平凡的人生！“小马”有很多朋友，就是你，就是我。
“小马过河”爱他所有的朋友，他会因为每一个新朋友的到来而开心，也会为失去每一个朋友而难过，虽然他知道，天下没有不散的宴席，但他仍然努力着，他告诉自己，只要有一天是在一起的，就要让彼此快乐，他最大的快乐，就是能让他的朋友获得更多的快乐，他不怕付出，他不怕辛苦，怕只怕，没的付出，没的辛苦。
“小马”有很多老师，就是你，就是我。
“小马过河”是一个成长中的孩子，每一个人都是他的老师，一个建议，一句批评，一句表扬，每一个字，他都牢牢记在心里，时刻提醒自己，努力努力再努力，完善完善再完善。
他带着感激的心，在你们的陪伴下，一路
向前。
据说，小马过河，不上不可，又据说，小马过河，不可不上，到底上不上……他的Father说，别问，你就上吧。