四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解(免费)
四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解
阅读1）Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy:whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornWith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingodd:amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:Mightdeafpeopleactually:haveagenuinelanguage?AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas“substandard”.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说).Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation(调节)ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”21.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe_____C___.A)anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguageB)achallengetotraditional,viewsonthenatureoflanguageC)anapproach:tosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguageD)anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage（C）22.The,presentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby___C_____.A)afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrainB)aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalartsC)anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeafD)someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage（C）23.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis_____B___.A)aSubstandardlanguageB)agenuinelanguageC)anartificiallanguageD)aninternationallanguage（B）24.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe’sideabecausetheythought_____D___.A)signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeopleB)signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyacceptedC)alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstandD)alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds（D）
25.Stokoe’sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat____D____.A)signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguageB)signlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguageC)languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodesD)languageisaproductofthebrain（D）
2）Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII,morethan10,000people-mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany-werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.I’llneverforgetthescreams,”saysChristaNtitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgrave-andintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGtinterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000children-withhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklyDieWoche:“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwasprobablyunavoidable-andnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubledhistory.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’yenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.31.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?（B）A)ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.B)Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.C)Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.D)Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.32.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen___（A）_____.A)thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardonesideB)astrongicestormtiltedtheship
2012年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版
2012年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。
(10 points）Read the following text. Choose the best word(s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。
（10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently。
The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia，for example, appeared at political events。
That kind of activity makes it less likely that the cour t’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code。
四川大学学位英语考试真题及答案
四川大学学位英语考试真题及答案_______ is the main reason for the increase in global warming?A. IndustrializationB. DeforestationC. Ocean currentsD. Solar activityWhich of the following statements is TRUE about the importance of learning a foreign language?A. It helps in understanding foreign cultures.B. It is essential for finding a good job.C. It improves cognitive abilities.D. All of the above.The word "ubiquitous" means _______.A. everywhereB. neverC. sometimesD. rarely_______ is the correct sentence structure for a declarative sentence?A. I am going to the store.B. Am I going to the store?C. The store is going to me.D. Going to the store am I.Which of the following is a preposition?A. UnderB. SingC. HappyD. Quick_______ is the correct form of the verb "to eat" in the present continuous tense?A. EatB. EatsC. EatingD. Are eatingThe underlined word "they" refers to _______ in the sentence "The students in the classroom are studying hard. They want to get good grades."A. The studentsB. The classroomC. Good gradesD. Hard_______ is the correct way to express agreement in English?A. Yes, I do.B. Yes, I agree.C. No, I don't.D. No, I disagree.请注意，这些题目仅为示例，并不代表真实的四川大学学位英语考试题目。
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2012年考研英语真题及答案1
2012年考研英语真题及答案1Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_thequestion of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established[D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised[C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound[D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune[D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity[D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate[D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied[D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions[D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes[D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked[D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address[D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable[D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns isspot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psyc hology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glari ng flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groupsexert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002,when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the pla nt’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management– especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. En raged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming thatthe 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission tokeep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter andprinting press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution.(42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humansare unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of"stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shapeour collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.(47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrainedbeginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamentalstructure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection I: Use of English1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A10.B11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D15.A16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.DSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart A21.D 22.B 23.A 24.C25.D26.C 27.D 28.A 29.D30.A31.A 32.B 33.B 34.D 35.C36.C 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.APart B41. C 42.D 43. A 44.F 45.GPart C46. 物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个关于我们能看到的一切的生成方程式。
2012年四川高考英语试题及答案word版
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）英语第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节语法和词汇知识（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）1.---Excuse me. How much is the shirt?--- .A.Extra LargeB. 50 eachC. It sells wellD. Altogether there are 52.New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A.thatB. thisC. oneD. it3.--- Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.---Sure. .A.I didB. I doC. I shallD. I will4.At school, some students are active some are shy, yet they can be good friends with oneanother.A.whileB. althoughC. soD. as5.This is not my story, nor the whole story. My story plays out differently.A.is thereB. there isC. is itD. it is6.Tom took a taxi to the airport, only his plane high up in the sky.A.findingB. to findC. being foundD. to have found7.The hotel is almost finished, but it needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.A.onlyB. alsoC. evenD. still8.I looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A.to windB. windC. windingD. wound9.--- Did you catch what I said?--- Sorry. I a text message just now.A.had answeredB. have answeredC. would answerD. was answering10. If you happen to get lost in th e wild, you‟d better stay you are and wait for help.A. whyB. whereC. whoD. what11. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house .A.is being rebuiltB. has been rebuiltC. is rebuiltD. has rebuilt12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car .A. washedB. washC. washingD. to wash13. In our class there are 46 students, half wear glasses.A. in whomB. in themC. of whomD. of them14. This training program can give you a lift at work, increase your income by 40%.A. as well asB. so long asC. so much asD. as soon as15. He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It‟s just a matter of .A. luckB. valueC. timeD. fact16. I make $2, 000 a week. 60 surely won‟t make difference to me.A. that a bigB. a that bigC. big a thatD. that big a17. Scientists study human brains work to make computers.A. whenB. howC. thatD. whether18. We are said to be living in Information Age, time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; theB. 不填; theC. 不填；aD. the; a19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”, just a s I__do in China.A.mustB. mightC. canD. should20. It‟s surprising that your brother Russian so quickly--- he hasn‟t live there very long.A. picked upB. looked upC. put upD. made up第二节，完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）Lightning flashed th rough the darkness over Sibson‟ bedroom skylight（天窗）. Sibson was shaken by a clap of thunder 21 he knew what was happening. The storm had moved directly 22 his two-story wooden house. Then he heard the smoke alarm beeping.Sibson rushed down the stairs barefoot to 23 ; he opened the door to the basement（地下室）, and flames 24 out. Sibson ran back upstairs to call 911 from his bedroom. “I felt 25 because the room had a separate outdoor stairway, ” he explains.But the phone didn‟t work, and when he tried to go down the outdoor stairway, he was 26 by a wall of flames. Sibson realized he was trapped（困住）.Sibson‟s house was three kilometers 27 the main road and was so well hidden by trees that he knew calling for help would be 28 .Up a hill nearby lived Sibson‟s neighbor, Huggons. He was lying in bed when something like a smoke alarm 29 his ears. He jumped out bed took his 30 and flashlight, and headed down the hillside toward the 31 .That was when he saw the rolling heavy smoke.Huggons dialed 911, and the operator warned him not to 32 the house. But Huggons said, “There is no way I am going to listen to Sibson 33 and die in that fire.”“Anyone there?” Huggons called out. Then he heard “Help! I‟m trapped!” comin g from the second floor balcony（阳台）. He entered the house, but soon had to run back to catch his 34 .After one more 35 inside the house, Huggons gave up and 36 around back.The wind parted the smoke just 37 for him to catch sight of Sibson. But there was no way to get to him. He 38 the flashlight into the woods and noticed a ladder. He took it over to the balcony and 39 Sibson down just as the second floor of the house fell off.Sibson is still 40 when he tells the story, “I was alone that night,” he says. “Then I heard the most beautiful sound in my life. It was Huggons.”21. A. before B. while C. since D. until22. A. on B. in C. through D. over23. A. hide B. wait C. check D. escape24. A. moved B. gave C. went D. exploded25. A. safe B. worried C. glad D. tired26. A. burned B. stopped C. shocked D. covered27. A. beside B. off C. across D. along28. A. limited B. false C. fruitless D. regretful29. A. struck B. missed C. touched D. passed30. A. coat B. key C. basin D. phone31. A. noise B. road C. smoke D. danger32. A. search B. enter C. leave D. damage33. A. call B. roll C. scream D. sigh34. A. breath B. attention C. ladder D. flashlight35. A. stay B. chance C. thought D. attempt36. A. climbed B. circled C. looked D. jumped37. A. clear B. open C. enough D. fit38. A. led B. put C. drove D. shone39. A. persuaded B. kicked C. pulled D. forced40. A. nervous B. surprised C. proud D. thankful第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）AOn a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are.There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that.The seasons change just outside the door. We watch maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars‟ putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of bird rules our skies and flies over the lake.41. What can be learned from Paragraph 2?A. The scenes are colorful and changeable.B. There are many windows in the wooden house.C. The views remind us that we are in a wooden house.D. The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color.42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that .A. the kids like playing in treesB. the kids are very familiar with treesC. the kids have learned much knowledgeD. the kids find trees useful learning tools43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A. The change of seasons is easily felt.B. The seasons make the scenes change.C. The weather often changes in the forest.D. The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.44. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?A. To describe the beauty of the scene around the house.B. To introduce her childr en‟s happy life in the forest.C. To show that living in the forest is healthful.D. To share the joy of living in the nature.BHere is your best chance to travel around the UK in 2012: More than 200 B&Bs (bed & breakfast) across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are selected to offer you amazing services for your stay at their lowest prices! Don‟t miss it. Just collect the vouchers（活动券）in our B&B Daily printed from 01/ 04/ 2012 to 07/ 04/ 2012 and book the stays for your travel following the terms and conditions below:●The offer includes a room for the night and a breakfast the next morning.●The offer is of two kinds: £20 per room, per night, valid（有效的）during stay period of 02/04/ 2012--- 31/ 05/ 2012 and then again 01/ 08/ 2012--- 31/ 10/ 2012; £35 per room, per night, valid during stay period of 01/ 06/ 2012 --- 31/ 08/ 2012.●The offer is valid for a basic twin or double room only.●The stay must be booked directly with the chosen B&Bs before 28/ 04/ 2012.●Each voucher can only be used by the holder to book one room for one night.●If voucher holders book either the £20 or £35 per room per night, any additional services suchas lunch, evening meal or activities may require an extra charge. But these are not required in order to take up the offer. Please check directly with your chosen B&Bs to see what extra services are available.●V ouchers must be presented on arrival. If no vouchers are presented, the B&Bs may reserve（保留）the right to charge at full price for every night of stay.●V ouchers may not be used together with any other offer.●The voucher holders must pay for the stay in full at the time of booking. Additional £10 maybe paid to confirm（确认）the booking and will be returned on arrival.●The B&Bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders‟ bookings for people under the age of18.45. The voucher can be used for a stay at the chosen B&B on .A. 09/ 01/ 2012B. 04/ 02/ 2012C. 01/ 03/ 2012D. 28/ 04/ 201246. How much should be paid for a two-night stay in October 2012 at a chosen B&B?A. £ 70.B. £40.C. £35.D. £30.47. What right do the B&Bs reserve?A. To charge extra £ 10 for booking with no vouchers.B. To refuse bookings for guests under the age of 18.C. To charge at full price for stays not confirmed.D. To request extra charges as tips.48. By taking up the offer, the voucher holders can choose to .A. book either a basic twin or double room at the chosen B&BsB. have lunch or evening meal without paying extra moneyC. use the B&B offer together with other offersD. book the stays through B&B DailyCI left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didn‟t think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull.I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel. Attending a Novel Writing MA course gave me the structure I needed to write my first 55, 000 words.It takes confidence to make a new start--- there‟s a dark period in-between where you‟re neither one thing nor the other. Y ou‟re out for dinner and people ask what you do, and you‟re too ashamed to say, “Well, I …m writing a novel, but I‟m not quite sure if I‟m going to get there. ” My confidence dived. Believing my novel could not be published, I put it aside.Then I met an agent（代理商）who said I should send my novel out to agents. So,I did and, to my surprise, got some wonderful feedback. I felt a little hop that I mightactually become a published writer and, after signing with an agent, I finished thesecond half of the novel.The next problem was finding a publisher. After two-and-a-half years of no income, just waiting and wondering, a publisher offered me a book deal --- that publisher turned out to be the one I once worked for.It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck--- of fate, really. When you set out to do something different, there‟s no end in sight, so to find myself in a posi tion where I now have my own name on a contract（合同）of the publisher--- to be a published writer --- is unbelievably rewarding（有回报的）.49. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?A. I was waiting for good fortune.B. I was trying to find an admirable job.C. I was being aimless about a suitable job.D. I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.50. The author decided to write a novel .A. to finish the writing courseB. to realize her own dreamC. to satisfy readers‟ wishD. to earn more money51. How did the writer feel halfway with the novel?A. DisturbedB. Ashamed.C. Confident.D. Uncertain.52. What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph?A. It pays to stick to one‟s goal.B. Hard work can lead to success.C. She feels like being unexpectedly lucky.D. There is no end in sight when starting to do something.DIn a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.Beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX. “Anyone with a n Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses,” Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials frommore than 2, 000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120, 000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform.“Fasten your seatbelts, ” Hockfield said.Other universities, including Stanford, Y ale and Carnegie-Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.The Harvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit（非盈利的）organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided $30 million to start the program. They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.53. According to this text, edX is .A. a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWareB. a free computer program by MIT and HarvardC. a Harvard-MIT platform of free online coursesD. a free program online for universities worldwide54. What is said about online education in the text?A. Universities have been trying online courses.B. About 2, 000 online courses have been offered.C. Over 100 million people have finished courses online.D. Stanford and Y ale together have courses similar to edX.55. The underlined part in the text probably means “ ”.A. Get ready for the difficultiesB. Get ready for this educational changeC. Get prepared to complete the online coursesD. Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses56. What can be said about MITx according to the text?A. It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.B. It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program.C. It is a standard to recognize online learners‟ achievement.D. It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.EPlants are flowering faster than scientists predicted in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“Predicting species‟ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology, ” said theresearchers of several U. S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1, 634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated the speed of flowering 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance --- for both leafing and flowering --- that results from temperature increases, ” the study said.The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plats will react to climate change, it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the world‟s average temperature has risen by about 0.8 ℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.So far, efforts to cut emissions of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃this century --- a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.57. What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?A. Plants‟ reaction to weather could have damaging effects o n ecosystems.B. The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists‟ expectation.C. Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.D. Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.58. We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that .A. plants‟ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingB. there are 1, 634 plant species on the four continentsC. scientists should improve the design of the experimentsD. the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change59. Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because .A. they can prove the climate change clearlyB. they are very important in the food chainsC. they play a leading role in reducing global warmingD. they are growing and flowering much faster than before60. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world‟s temperature?A. It has risen nearly 0.2 ℃ since 1979.B. Its change will lead to weather extremes.C. It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1900.D. It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.第二节根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2012年湖北省考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年湖北省考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionMany mental institutions throughout the country have been turned into dumping grounds for thousands of oldsters who have no place else to go. Most of them aren’t really mentally ill. In the jargon of the hospital bureaucracy, they are classified as “inappropriate admissions.” But since society has nothing better to offer, they are left to rot without hope, help, or dignity. The usual exit is death. Often through no fault of their own, understaffed and overcrowded mental hospitals handle their “geriatric cases”little better than cattle. There is a recurrent pattern of elderly patients locked into wards to prevent them from wandering about, given steady doses of tranquilizers to keep them “manageable”, left day and night without a trace of human warmth or companionship. Some hospitals have wards full of elderly, tranquilized patients, bodies bloated from their inactive, meaningless existences, sitting listlessly on hard benches or sprawled asleep on the floor. There are women, silent as statues, occupying chairs and rockers in the corridors. While the weather may be beautiful outdoors, old men may indifferently shuffle about a geriatric “cottage”with nowhere to go and nothing to do. Yet many of the people could be restored to human dignity, not by complicated therapeutic procedures, but among other things, by providing good medical care and reaching out a hand of kindness towards them. It is estimated that one half the old people in state mental hospitals today could leave if proper community resources, services and programs were available. But an indifferent society has not made them available.1．The main idea of this passage is that______.A．most old people need family careB．good care for the elderly is costlyC．many old people are living out their last years in mental institutionsD．old people should be taken out of doors when the weather is pleasant正确答案：C解析：本题为主旨分析题。
2014年四川大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年四川大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingReading ComprehensionIn general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, Nell-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations”experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again—by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise”capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system form, a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves, into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of all love and of reason —are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man.1．By “well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to deliver the idea that man is ______.A．a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible B．working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC．an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the societyD．a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly正确答案：C解析：词义推断题。
2012年高考真题——英语(四川卷)
高三英语限时训练六2015-12第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）Lightning flashed through the darkness over Sibson’s bedroom skylight（天窗）.Sibson was shaken by a clap of thunder ____21___ he knew what was happening. The storm had moved directly _____22____ his two-story wooden house. Then he heard the smoke alarm beeping.Sibson rushed down the stairs barefoot to 23 ; he opened the door to the basement（地下室）, and flames 24 out. Sibson ran back upstairs to call 911 from his bedroom. “I felt 25 because the room had a separate outdoor stairway,” he explains.But the phone didn’t work, and when he tried to go down the outdoor stairway, he was 26 by a wall of flames. Sibson realized he was trapped（困住）.Sibson’s house was three kilometers 27 the main road and was so well hidden by trees that he knew calling for help would be 28 .Up a hill nearby lived Sibson’s neighbor, Huggons. He was lying in bed when something like a smoke alarm 29 his ears. He jumped out of bed, took his 30 and flashlight, and headed down the hillside toward the 31 . That was when he saw the rolling heavy smoke.Huggons dialed 911, and the operator warned him not to 32 the house. But Huggons said, “There is no way I am going to listen to Sibson 33 and die in that fire.”“Anyone there?” Huggons called out. Then he heard “Help! I’m trapped!” coming from the second floor balcony（阳台）. He entered the house, but soon had to run back to catch his 34 .After one more 35 inside the house, Huggons gave up and 36 around back.The wind parted the smoke just 37 for him to catch sight of Sibson. But there was no way to get to him. He 38 the flashlight into the woods and noticed a ladder. He took it over to the balcony and 39 Sibson down just as the second floor of the house fell off.Sibson is still 40 when he tells the story. “ I was alone that night,” he says. “Then I heard the most beautiful sound in my life. It was Huggons.”21. A. before B. while C. since D. until22. A. on B. in C. through D. over23. A. hide B. wait C. check D. escape24. A. moved B. gave C. went D. exploded25. A. safe B. worried C. glad D. tired26. A. burned B. stopped C. shocked D. covered27. A. beside B. off C. across D. along28. A. limited B. false C. fruitless D. regretful29. A. struck B. missed C. touched D. passed30. A. coat B. key C. basin D. phone31. A. noise B. road C. smoke D. danger32. A. search B. enter C. leave D. damage33. A. call B. roll C. scream D. sigh34. A. breath B. attention C. ladder D. flashlight35. A. stay B. chance C. thought D. attempt36. A. climbed B. circled C. looked D. jumped37. A. clear B. open C. enough D. fit38. A. led B. put C. drove D. shone39. A. persuaded B. kicked C. pulled D. forced40. A. nervous B. surprised C. proud D. thankful 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）AOn a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are.There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple（枫树）makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that.The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars’（杨树）putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local steam as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.41. What can be learned from Paragraph 2?A. The scenes are colorful and changeable.B. There are many windows in the wooden house.C. The views remind us that we are in a wooden house.D. The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color.42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that ______ .A. the kids like playing in treesB. the kids are very familiar with treesC. the kids have learned much knowledgeD. the kids find trees useful learning tools43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A. The change of seasons is easily felt.B. The seasons make the scenes change.C. The weather often changes in the forest.D. The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.44. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?A. To describe the beauty of the scene around the house.B. To introduce her children’s happy life in the forest.C. To show that living in the forest is healthful.D. To share the joy of living in the nature.BHere is your best chance to travel around the UK in 2012: More than 200 B&Bs（bed & breakfast）across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are selected to offer you amazing services for your stay at their lowest prices! Don’t miss it. Just collect the vouchers（活动券）in our B&B Daily printed from 01/04/2012 to 07/04/2012 and book the stays for your travel following the terms and conditions below:●The offer includes a room for the night and a breakfast the next morning.●The offer is of two kinds: ￡20 per room, valid（有效的）during stay period of 02/04/2012—31/05/2012 and thenagain 01/09/2012—31/10/2012；￡35 per room, per night, valid during stay period of 01/06/2012—31/08/2012.●The offer is valid for a basic twin or double room only.●The stay must be booked directly with the chosen B&Bs before 28/04/2012.●Each voucher can only be used by the holder to book one room for one night.●If voucher holders book either the ￡20 or ￡35 per room per night, any additional services such as lunch, eveningmeal or activities may require an extra charge. But these are not required in order to take up the offer. Please check directly with your chosen B&Bs to see what extra services are available.●V ouchers must be presented on arrival. If no vouchers are presented, the B&Bs may reserve（保留）the right to chargeat full price for every night of stay.●V ouchers may not be used together with any other offer.●The voucher holders must pay for the stay in full at the time of booking. Additional ￡10 may be paid to confirm（确认）the booking and will be returned on arrival.●The B&Bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders’ bookings for people under the age of 18.45. The voucher can be used for a stay at the chosen B&B on ______.A. 09/01/2012B. 04/02/2012C. 01/03/2012D. 28/04/201246. How much should be paid for a two-night stay in October 2012 at a chosen B&B?A. ￡70B. ￡40C. ￡35D. ￡3047. What right do the B&Bs reserve?A. To charge extra ￡10 for bookings with no vouchers.B. To refuse bookings for guest under the age of 18.C. To charge at full price for stays not confirmed.D. To request extra charges as tips.48. By taking up the offer, the voucher holders can choose to ______ .A. book either a basic twin or double room at the chosen B&BsB. have lunch or evening meal without paying extra moneyC. use the B&B offer together with other offersD. book the stays though B&B DailyCI left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didn’t think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull.I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy a deep-down wish to write a novel. Attending a Novel Writing MA course gave me the structure I needed to write my first 55,000 words.It takes confidence to make a new start —there’s a dark period in-between where you’re neither one thing nor the other. You’re out for dinner and people ask what you do, and you’re too ashamed to say, “Well, I’m writing a navel, but I’m not quite sure if I’m going to get there.” My confidence dived. Believing my novel could not be published, I put it aside.Then I met an agent（代理商）who said I should send my novel out to agents. So, I did and, to my surprise, got some wonderful feedback. I felt a little hope that I might actually become a published writer and, after signing with an agent, I finished the second half of the novel.The next problem was finding a publisher. After two-and-a-half years of no income, just waiting and wondering, a publisher offered me a book deal —that publisher turned out to be the one I once worked for.It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck —of fate, really. When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract（合同）of the publisher —to bea published writer —is unbelievably rewarding（有回报的）.49. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?A. I was waiting for good fortune.B. I was trying to find an admirable job.C. I was being aimless about a suitable job.D. I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.50. The author decided to write a novel ______ .A. to finish the writing courseB. to realize her own dreamC. to satisfy reader s’ wishD. to earn more money51. How did the writer feel halfway with the novel?A. Disturbed.B. Ashamed.C. Confident.D. Uncertain.52. What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph?A. It pays to stick to one’s goal.B. Hard work can lead to success.C. She feels like being unexpectedly lucky.D. There is no end in sight when starting to do something.DIn a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.Beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX. “Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses,” Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform.“Fasten your seatbelts,” Hockfield said.Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and Carnegie-Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.The Harvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit（非盈利的）organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided $30 million to start the program. They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.53. According to this text, edX is _______.A. a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWareB. a free computer program by MIT and HarvardC. a Harvard-MIT platform of free online coursesD. a free program online for universities worldwide54. What is said about online education in the text?A. Universities have been trying online courses.B. About 2,000 online courses have been offered.C. Over 100 million people have finished courses online.D. Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX.55. The underlined part in the text probably means “”.A. Get ready for the difficultiesB. Get ready for this educational changeC. Get prepared to complete the online coursesD. Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses56. What can be said about MITx according to the text?A. It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.B. It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program.C. It is a standard to recognize online learners’ achievement.D. It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT. 短文改错Mother’s Day is coming. I’m sorry that I am abroad and can’t send your flowers, so I’m writing to you.Mom, I know I have never expressed my thank to you before. But on today, at this special time, I just want to tell you loudly: I love you, Mom! Thank you so much by not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good people. Thank you for all you had done for me. Mom, though I may often say it, I do love you. Nobody can take your part in my heart. Whenever I am, I will always love you. Hope you good health and much happiness every day!Your little girl,Jennifer。
2012 四川高考英语(word版本 含答案)
2012四川英语高考卷第Ⅰ卷（选择题100分）第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节语法和词汇知识（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）从A 、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. ----Excuse me. How much is the shirt?------ _________.A. Extra LargeB. 50 eachC. It sells wellD. altogether there are 52. New technologies have made _________possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it3.----- Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.----- Sure. ___________.A. I didB. I doC. I shallD. I will4. At school, some students are active _________ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.A. whileB. althoughC. soD. as5. This is not my story, nor _________ the whole story. My story plays out differently.A. is thereB. there isC. is itD. it is6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ his plane high up in the sky.A. findingB. to findC. being foundD. to have found7. The hotel is almost finished, but it ______ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.A. onlyB. alsoC. evenD. still8. I looked up and noticed a snake _________ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to windB. windC. windingD. wound9. ----Did you catch what I said?----Sorry. I ______ a text message just now.A. had answeredB. have answeredC. would answerD. was answering10. If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay ________ you are and wait for help.A. whyB. whereC. whoD. what11. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _____.A. is being rebuiltB. has been rebuiltC. is rebuiltD. has rebuilt12. before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _________.A. washedB. washC. washingD. to wash13. In our class there are 46 students, _________ half wear glasses.A. in whomB. in themC. of whomD. of them14. This training program can give you a lift at work, _________ increase your income by 40%.A. as well asB. so long asC. so much asD. as soon as15.He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of ____.A. luckB. valueC. timeD. fact16. I make $2,000 a week. 60 surely won’t make _______ difference to me.A. that a bigB. a that bigC. big a thatD. that big a17. Scientists study _______ human brains work to make computers.A. whenB. howC. thatD. whether18. We are said to be living in _______ Information Age, ________ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; theB. 不填；theC. 不填；aD. the; a19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said ―Ni Hao ,‖ just as I ______ do in China.A. mustB. mightC. canD. should20. It’s surprising that your brother ________ Russian so quickly –he hasn’t lived there very long.A. picked upB. looked upC. put upD. made up第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2012考研英语真题
2012研究生考试英语一Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。
（10 points)Read the following text。
Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances，justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial。
Justice Antonin Scalia，for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code。