(天津专用)高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 六 推理判断-写作意图题优选习题
1 六、推理判断——写作意图题
(2018·北京，C)
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of
that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So
far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer
may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater
wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team
left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the
worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that
the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the
researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14
2 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)
from the worms’ stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms’ ability to break
down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is
a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon-carbon bond，is
there as well，” she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break
this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not
involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down
polyethylene.But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down
in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of
the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the
enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some
kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the
plastic.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子——大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。
43.What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A.They take plastics as their everyday food.
B.They are newly evolved creatures.
C.They can consume plastics.
D.They wind up in landfills.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“...found that the worms of the greater wax moth
can break down polyethylene...”和第二句中的“the worms consumed and broke down
about 92 milligrams”可知，研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，
3 显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。
44.According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to .
A.identify other means of the breakdown
B.find out the source of the enzyme
C.confirm the research findings
D.increase the breakdown speed
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The next step...Is it an enzyme produced by
the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)？”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。选项B “查明酶的来源”与此吻合。
45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A.help to raise worms
B.help make plastic bags
C.be used to clean the oceans
D.be produced in factories in future
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind
of industrial process—not simply ‘millions of worms...’”可知，研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品，而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上。这与选项D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。
46.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain a study method on worms.
B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C.To present a way to break down plastics.
D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
答案 C
解析 写作意图题。作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。选项C与此意吻合。
4 一、题型解读
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。设问形式常有：
1.整篇文章的写作目的/意图：
(1)The writer writes this passage in order to .
(2)The purpose of the text is to .
(3)What is the main purpose of the passage?
(4)The writer of the story wants to tell us that .
2.某处细节的写作目的/意图：
(1)The writer uses...in the first paragraph to .
(2)The writer uses the example of...to .
(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .
二、解题技巧
1.文体特点推意图
(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。
(2)应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。
(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。
(4)议论文：提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。
2.看写作手法找答案
(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有to bring in/to
introduce the topic等字眼。
(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有to support/to show...
例如：【真题感悟】中的第46题，文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——蠕虫可以分解塑料。因此可以推断该篇文章的写作意图是告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。
A
(2018·天津部分区县二模)
Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots
and a tent.A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors
天津专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第一节技法点拨优选习题
专题三 阅读理解
第一节 技法点拨
高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成4篇不同体裁、题材的阅读理解题。考生不仅要能正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。近几年阅读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查，命题者更关注考生用英语获取信息的能力和处理相关信息的能力。为了帮助考生清楚地了解英语阅读理解题的情况，下面将具体分析近三年天津卷英语阅读理解题的命题特点：
年份/
卷别
内容 2018 2017
2016
6月 3月 6月 3月
语篇 A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D
文体 说
明
文 记
叙
文 说
明
文 议
论
文 说
明
文 记
叙
文 说
明
文 议
论
文 应
用
文 夹
叙
夹
议
文 说
明
文 议
论
文 应
用
文 说
明
文 记
叙
文 议
论
文 应
用
文 夹
叙
夹
议
文 夹
叙
夹
议
文 议
论
文
难度 易 易 中 难 易 中 中 难 易 易 中 难 易 中 中 难 易 中 中 难 细节
理解题 4
3 1 1 4 2 3 3 4 3 2 5 5 2 3 2 5 3 2 3
推理
判断题 1 2 3 4 1 3 1 2 / 2 1 / / 1 2 3 / 2 2 1
主旨
大意题 / / 1 / / / 1 / 1 / 1 / / 1 / / / / / 1
词义
猜测题 / / / / / / / / / / 1 / / 1 / / / / 1 /
由以上统计可看出，天津卷对阅读理解的考查文体上以应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文为主，题型以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，词义猜测题、主旨大意题较难，所占比例较少，命题很好地体现了“注重基础，体现层次，有利于选拔人才”的高考命题思想。
一、阅读理解解题四步法
第一步：扫描题干，划关键定位词，区分题型和预测文章主要内容。
江苏专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 4 推理判断细节推断题优选习题.doc
四、推理判断—— 细节推断题
It was already midnight and I was walking quickly out of Recovery Room，knowing I had to be back early next morning.Though in a hurry，I noticed a lone
woman with an anxious look on her face.As it turned out，her daughter-in-law
had just been transferred to Intensive Care，so I decided to take her up
there.Down the hall，she stated，“I bet you’re trying to leave，aren’t you？” I
confirmed her observation，adding that it was quite all right.We soon arrived，and upon talking with the patient’s nurse，I was able to let her in right away.She
turned to me and said，“Thank you，you will be blessed.”
The next day，on my way home after my day shift，I noticed a voice mail
from my sister in Rochester，which gave me an uneasy feeling.I had to pull off
the road as I listened to her message：“Mom had a stroke；she’s in the hospital
精选高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十四文章结构题优选习题
最新中小学教育资源
十四、文章结构题
一、篇章结构题
(2018·“六校联盟”第三次联考)
Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique，and can provide incredible
learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and
welfare.Zoology，or the study of animals，is a wide field with many specialties，including research，conservation，veterinary(兽医的) medicine，and the care of
animals.For people with a love of animals and some training，dreams of careers in
zoology may come true.
Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies.These careers
may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run studies
that improve human understanding of the animal world.Research in zoology can help
create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about
animal behavior in order to aid in conservation，breeding programs，and habitat
高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题3阅读理解模式3推理判断题讲练word版本
高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题3阅读理解模式3推理判断题讲练word版本
模式 3| 推理判断题
隐含信息、话中有话 作者的看法、看法 文章出处、读者对象 展望后文
经过归纳、演绎、类
经过对事件、光景、 经过对格式、结构、 经过理解上文情节、
比等方式从已知信息 内容的剖析，推出文 事理的表达，联合行
话语的深入剖析推出
中推出未知信息，由 章的出处、题材范围 文逻辑剖析，推出文
作者委宛、隐晦地表
已言之意，推未言之 和阅读此文章的主要 章后文要表达的内
达出的看法或看法。
意。 读者群。 容。
1. 推理判断要切合逻辑，在文中要有事实依据。
2．学会 read between the lines 和 read beyond the lines ，透 解
过字里行间，去推测隐含意义。
题
3．利用归纳法、演绎法、类比法对文中的论据进行剖析，从而推出
技
论点和结论。 巧
4．整合信息， 由因推果， 由果推因； 由一般推特别， 由特别推一般；
由详尽推抽象，由抽象推详尽。
( 2014· 江苏高考 ·B节选 )
However wealthy we may be ， we can never find enough hours in the day to do
everything we want.Economics deals with this problem through the concept
opportunity cost ，which simply refers to whether someone's time or money could
better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value.For every hour we work at one job we could
第02讲-阅读理解之推理判断题-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略(全国通用)
第02讲 阅读理解之推理判断题-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略
【题型概述】
推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一,它属于主观题,是阅读理解中层次较高的题目,因此也是考生失分率较高的题型。学生需要在理解原文字面意义的基础上。通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示,做出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。
推理判断题不仅要推理,还要选择判断出正确选项,排除掉干扰选项。这是考查的重点，也是解推理判断题的关键。
【增分策略】
推理判断题的设题方式
1.对文章的观点或结论进行推测
(1 ) From the passage we can learn that .
(2)Which of the following can be inferred?
(3) From the passage we can draw a conclusion that .
2.对作者的意图、观点、态度进行推测
( 1 ) What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in the passage?
(2)Which of the following best describes Turin's work?
3.对文章隐含的意义进行推测
(1 )The author implies .
( 2 ) What do you think would happen after .
(3)This event probably took place in .
4.对文章的出处进行推测
(1)This passage can be found in .
(2)This passage would be likely taken from .
(天津专用)高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 十四 文章结构题优选习题-人教
word 1 / 18 十四、文章结构题
一、篇章结构题
(2018·“六校联盟〞第三次联考)
Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique，and can provide incredible
learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and
welfare.Zoology，or the study of animals，is a wide field with many specialties，including research，conservation，veterinary(兽医的) medicine，and the care of
animals.For people with a love of animals and some training，dreams of careers in
zoology may come true.
Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies.These careers
may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run studies
that improve human understanding of the animal world.Research in zoology can help
create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about
animal behavior in order to aid in conservation，breeding programs，and habitat
(天津专用)高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 五 推理判断-观点态度题优选习题
1 五、推理判断——观点态度题
(2018·浙江，C)
As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built
at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assembly
line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But
eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the
most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the motel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant
to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the
road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system，the largest public works
(天津专用)高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 六 推理判断-写作意图题优选习题
1 六、推理判断——写作意图题
(2018·北京，C)
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of
that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So
far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer
may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater
wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team
left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the
worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that
the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the
researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14
高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破六推理判断_写作意图题优选习题
1 六、推理判断——写作意图题
(2018·北京，C)
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of
that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So
far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer
may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater
wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team
left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the
worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that
the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the
researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14
天津高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破一细节理解_事实细节题优选习题
第二节 分类突破
一、细节理解——事实细节题
(2018·6月天津，A)
Fire Prevention Information
The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention
professionals.They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all
sprinkler(喷水灭火装置) systems，fire alarms，and fire extinguishers(灭火器).They
also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls.Whenever you
move to a new area，you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits
nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的) fire alarm
systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes.Most are also equipped with
automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors，smoke detectors and
sprinklers.For your safety，never tamper with(胡乱摆弄) these systems.False fire
alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.