2018年12月六级真题第二套
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities andpersonal interests.You should write at least150words but no more than200words.___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)Stop worrying about him.B)Keep away from the statue.C)Take a picture of him.D)Put on a smile for the photo.2.A)Gaining great fame on the Internet.B)Publishing a collection of his photos.C)Collecting the best photos in the world.D)Becoming a professional photographer.3.A)Surfing various websites and collecting photos.B)Editing his pictures and posting them online.C)Following similar accounts to compare notes.D)Studying the pictures in popular social media.4.A)They are far from satisfactory.B)They are mostly taken by her mom.C)They make an impressive album.D)They record her fond memories.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)A journal reporting the latest progress in physics.B)An introductory course of modern physics.C)An occasion for physicists to exchange ideas.D)A series of interviews with outstanding physicists.6.A)The future of the physical world.B)The origin of the universe.C)Sources of radiation.D)Particle theory.7.A)How matter collides with anti-matter.B)Whether the universe will turn barren.C)Why there exists anti-matter.D)Why there is a universe at all.8.A)Matter and anti-matter are opposites of each other.B)Anti-matter allowed humans to come into existence.C)The universe formed due to a sufficient amount of matter.D)Anti-matter exists in very high-temperature environments.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)She found herself speaking a foreign language.B)She woke up speaking with a different accent.C)She found some symptoms of her illness gone.D)She woke up finding herself in another country.10.A)It is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury.B)It has not yet found any effective treatment.C)It leaves the patient with a distorted memory.D)It often happens to people with speech defects.11.A)British.B)Irish.C)Russian.D)Australian.Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A)Water sports.B)Racing in rivers.C)Stories about women swimmers.D)Books about swimming.13.A)She succeeded in swimming across the English Channel.B)She published a guide to London’s best swimming spots.C)She told her story of adventures to some young swimmers.D)She wrote a book about the history of swimwear in the UK.14.A)They loved vacationing on the seashore.B)They had a unique notion of modesty.C)They were prohibited from swimming.D)They were fully dressed when swimming.15.A)She designed lots of appropriate swimwear for women.B)She once successfully competed against men in swimming.C)She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel.D)She was an advocate of women’s right to swim in public pools.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.Therecordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)Build a machine that can detect lies.B)Develop a magnetic brain scanner.C)Test the credibility of court evidence.D)Win people’s complete trust in them.17.A)They are optimistic about its potential.B)They are sceptical of its reliability.C)They think it is but business promotion.D)They celebrate it with great enthusiasm.18.A)It is not to be trusted at all.B)It does not sound economical.C)It may intrude into people’s privacy.D)It may lead to overuse in court trials.Questions19to21are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Most of its residents speak several languages.B)Some of its indigenous languages are dying out.C)Each village there speaks a totally different language.D)Its languages have interested researchers the world over.20.A)They are spread randomly across the world.B)Some are more difficult to learn than others.C)More are found in tropical regions than in the mild zones.D)They enrich and impact each other in more ways than one.21.A)They used different methods to collect and analyze data.B)They identified distinct patterns of language distribution.C)Their conclusions do not correspond to their original hypotheses.D)There is no conclusive account for the cause of language diversity.Questions22to25are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A)Its middle-class is disappearing.B)Its wealth is rationally distributed.C)Its population is rapidly growing.D)Its cherished dream is coming true.23.A)Success was but a dream without conscientious effort.B)They could realize their dreams through hard work.C)A few dollars could go a long way.D)Wealth was shared by all citizens.24.A)Better working conditions.B)Better-paying jobs.C)High social status.D)Full employment.25.A)Reduce the administrative costs.B)Adopt effective business models.C)Hire part-time employees only.D)Make use of the latest technology.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator;it also hurts students who're already struggling to26the material.A new study from Michigan State University,though,argues that all students—including high achievers—see a decline in performance when they browse the Internet during class fornon-academic purposes.To measure the effects of Internet-based distractions during class,researchers27500students taking an introductory psychology class at Michigan State University.Researchers used ACT scores as a measure of intellectual 28.Because previous research has shown that people with high intellectual abilities are better at29out distractions,researchers believed students with high ACT scores would not show a30decrease in performance due to their use of digital devices.But students who surfed the web during class did worse on their exams regardless of their ACT scores,suggesting that even the academically smartest students are harmed when they're distracted in class.College professors are increasingly31alarm bells about the effects smartphones,laptops,and tablets have onacademic performance.One2013study of college students found that80%of students use their phones or laptops during class,with the average student checking their digital device11times in a32class.A quarter of students report that their use of digital devices during class causes their grades to33.Professors sometimes implement policies designed to34students'use of digital devices,and some instructors even confiscate(没收)tablets and phones.In a world where people are increasingly dependent on their phones,though, such strategies often fail.One international study found that84%of people say they couldn't go a day without their smartphones.Until students are able to35the pull of social networking,texting,and endlessly surfing the web, they may continue to struggle in their classes.A)aptitude I）obscureB)eradication J)obsessC)evaluated K)raisingD)evaporated L）resistE)filtering M）significantF)grasp N)sufferG)legacy O）typicalH)minimizeSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.A Pioneering Woman of Science Re-Emerges after300Years[A]Maria Sibylla Merian,like many European women of the17th century,stayed busy managing a household and rearing children.But on top of that,Merian,a German-born woman who lived in the Netherlands,also managed a successful career as an artist,botanist,naturalist and entomologist（昆虫学家）.[B]“She was a scientist on the level with a lot of people we spend a lot of time talking about,”said Kay Etheridge,a biologist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania who has been studying the scientific history of Merian’s work.“She didn't do as much to change biology as Charles Darwin,but she was significant.”[C]At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery,Merian discovered facts about plants and insects that were not previously known.Her observations helped dismiss the popular belief that insects spontaneously emerged from mud.The knowledge she collected over decades didn't just satisfy those curious about nature,but also provided valuable insights into medicine and science.She was the first to bring together insects and their habitats,including food they ate,into a single ecological composition.[D]After years of pleasing a fascinated audience across Europe with books of detailed descriptions and life-size paintings of familiar insects,in1699she sailed with her daughter nearly5,000miles from the Netherlands to South America to study insects in the jungles of what is now known as Suriname.She was52years old.The result was her masterpiece, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium.[E]In her work,she revealed a side of nature so exotic,dramatic and valuable to Europeans of the time that she received much acclaim.But a century later,her findings came under scientific criticism.Shoddy（粗糙的）reproductions of her work along with setbacks to women's roles in18th-and19th-century Europe resulted in her efforts being largely forgotten.“It was kind of stunning when she sort of dropped off into oblivion（遗忘）,”said Dr.Etheridge.“Victorians started putting women in a box,and they're still trying to crawl out of it.”[F]Today,the pioneering woman of the sciences has re-emerged.In recent years,feminists,historians and artists haveall praised Merian's tenacity（坚韧）,talent and inspirational artistic compositions.And now biologists like Dr.Etheridge are digging into the scientific texts that accompanied her art.Three hundred years after her death,Merian will be celebrated at an international symposium in Amsterdam this June.[G]And last month,Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium was republished.It contains60plates（插图）and original descriptions,along with stories about Merian's life and updated scientific descriptions.Before writing Metamorphosis,Merian spent decades documenting European plants and insects that she published in a series of books.She began in her20s,making textless,decorative paintings of flowers with insects.“Then she got really serious,”Dr.Etheridge said.Merian started raising insects at home,mostly butterflies and caterpillars.“She would sit up all night until they came out of the pupa（蛹）so she could draw them,”she said.[H]The results of her decades'worth of careful observations were detailed paintings and descriptions of European insects,followed by unconventional visuals and stories of insects and animals from a land that most at the time could only imagine.It's possible Merian used a magnifying glass to capture the detail of the split tongues of sphinx moths（斯芬克斯飞蛾）depicted in the painting.She wrote that the two tongues combine to form one tube for drinking nectar（花蜜）. Some criticized this detail later,saying there was just one tongue,but Merian wasn't wrong.She may have observed the adult moth just as it emerged from its pupa.For a brief moment during that stage of its life cycle,the tongue consists of two tiny half-tubes before merging into one.[I]It may not have been ladylike to depict a giant spider devouring a hummingbird,but when Merian did it at the turn of the18th century,surprisingly,nobody objected.Dr.Etheridge called it revolutionary.The image,which also contained novel descriptions of ants,fascinated a European audience that was more concerned with the exotic story unfolding before them than the gender of the person who painted it.[J]“All of these things shook up their nice,neat little view,”Dr.Etheridge said.But later,people of the Victorian era thought differently.Her work had been reproduced,sometimes incorrectly.A few observations were deemed impossible.“She'd been called a silly woman for saying that a spider could eat a bird,”Dr.Etheridge said.But Henry Walter Bates,a friend of Charles Darwin,observed it and put it in book in1863,proving Merian was correct.[K]In the same plate,Merian depicted and described leaf-cutter ants for the first time.“In America there are large ants which can eat whole trees bare as a broom handle in a single night,”she wrote in the description.Merian noted how the ants took the leaves below ground to their young.And she wouldn't have known this at the time,but the ants use the leaves to farm fungi（菌类）underground to feed their developing babies.[L]Merian was correct about the giant bird-eating spiders,ants building bridges with their bodies and other details.But in the same drawing,she incorrectly lumped together army and leaf-cutter ants.And instead of showing just the typical pair of eggs in a hummingbird nest,she painted four.She made other mistakes in Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium as well:not every caterpillar and butterfly matched.[M]Perhaps one explanation for her mistakes is that she cut short her Suriname trip after getting sick,and completed the book at home in Amsterdam.And errors are common among some of history's most-celebrated scientific minds,too.“These errors no more invalidate Ms.Merian's work than do well-known misconceptions published by Charles Darwin or Isaac Newton,”Dr.Etheridge wrote in a paper that argued that too many have wrongly focused on the mistakes of her work.[N]Merian’s paintings inspired artists and ecologists.In an1801drawing from his book,General Zoology Amphibia, George Shaw,an English botanist and zoologist,credited Merian for describing a frog in the account of her South American expedition,and named the young tree frog after her in his portrayal of it.It wouldn't be fair to give Merian all the credit.She received assistance naming plants,making sketches and referencing the work of others.Her daughters helped her color her drawings.[O]Merian also made note of the help she received from the natives of Suriname,as well as slaves or servants that assisted her.In some instances she wrote moving passages that included her helpers in descriptions.As she wrote in her description of the peacock flower,“The Indians,who are not treated well by their Dutch masters,use the seeds to abort their children,so that they will not become slaves like themselves.The black slaves from Guinea and Angola have demanded to be well treated,threatening to refuse to have children.In fact,they sometimes take their own lives because they are treated so badly,and because they believe they will be born again,free and living in their own land.They told me this themselves.”[P]Londa Schiebinger,a professor of the history of science at Stanford University,called this passage rather astonishing.It's particularly striking centuries later when these issues are still prominent in public discussions about social justice and women’s rights.“She was ahead of her time,”Dr.Etheridge said.36.Merian was the first scientist to study a type of American ant.37.The European audience was more interested in Merian's drawings than her gender.38.Merian's masterpiece came under attack a century after its publication.39.Merian’s mistakes in her drawings may be attributed to her shortened stay in South America.40.Merian often sat up the whole night through to observe and draw insects.41.Merian acknowledged the help she got from natives of South America.42.Merian contributed greatly to people's better understanding of medicine and science.43.Merian occasionally made mistakes in her drawings of insects and birds.44.Now,Merian's role as a female forerunner in sciences has been re-established.45.Merian made a long voyage to South America to study jungle insects over three centuries ago.Section CDirections:T here are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of complexity,many of us who aren't mathematicians at heart(or engineers by trade)may struggle to remember the last time we used calculus(微积分).It’s a fact not lost on American educators,who amid rising math failure rates are debating how math can better meet the real-life needs of students.Should we change the way math is taught in schools,or eliminate some courses entirely?Andrew Hacker,Queens College political science professor,thinks that advanced algebra and other higher-level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness,like statistics.“We hear on all sides that we're not teaching enough mathematics,and the Chinese are running rings around us,”Hacker says.“I'm suggesting we're teaching too much mathematics to too many people…not everybody has to know calculus.If you're going to become an aeronautical(航空的)engineer,fine.But most of us aren't.”Instead,Hacker is pushing for more courses like the one he teaches at Queens College：Numeracy101.There,his students of“citizen statistics”learn to analyze public information like the federal budget and corporate reports.Such courses,Hacker argues,are a remedy for the numerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unable to calculate the price of,say,a carpet by area.Hacker's argument has met with opposition from other math educators who say what's needed is to help students develop a better relationship with math earlier,rather than teaching them less math altogether.Maria Droujkova is a founder of Natural Math,and has taught basic calculus concepts to5-year-olds.For Droujkova, high-level math is important,and what it could use in American classrooms is an injection of childlike wonder.“Make mathematics more available,”Droujkova says.“Redesign it so it's more accessible to more kinds of people: young children,adults who worry about it,adults who may have had bad experiences.”Pamela Harris,a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin,has a similar perspective.Harris says that American education is suffering from an epidemic of“fake math”—an emphasis on rote memorization(死记硬背)of formulas and steps,rather than an understanding of how math can influence the ways we see the world.Andrew Hacker,for the record,remains skeptical.“I'm going to leave it to those who are in mathematics to work out the ways to make their subject interesting andexciting so students want to take it,”Hacker says.“All that I ask is that alternatives be offered instead of putting all of us on the road to calculus.”46.What does the author say about ordinary Americans?A)They struggle to solve math problems.B)They think math is a complex subject.C)They find high-level math of little use.D)They work hard to learn high-level math.47.What is the general complaint about America's math education according to Hacker?A)America is not doing as well as China.B)Math professors are not doing a good job.C)It doesn't help students develop their literacy.D)There has hardly been any innovation for years.48.What does Andrew Hacker's Numeracy101aim to do?A)Allow students to learn high-level math step by step.B)Enable students to make practical use of basic math.C)Lay a solid foundation for advanced math studies.D)Help students to develop their analytical abilities.49.What does Maria Droujkova suggest math teachers do in class?A)Make complex concepts easy to understand.B)Start teaching children math at an early age.C)Help children work wonders with calculus.D)Try to arouse students'curiosity in math.50.What does Pamela Harris think should be the goal of math education?A)To enable learners to understand the world better.B)To help learners to tell fake math from real math.C)To broaden Americans'perspectives on math.D)To exert influence on world development.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passageFor years,the U.S.has experienced a shortage of registered nurses.The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by19percent by2022,demand will grow faster than supply,and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.So what's the solution?Robots.Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend.Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio,a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds,deliver medications and other items,and retrieve records.It follows a specific individual,such as a doctor or nurse,who can use it to record and access patient data.This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning,but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication.Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot,Vgo,and Giraff can be controlled through a computer,smartphone,or tablet,allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them,often via a screen where the robot's‘face’would be.If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma,you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her.A2016study found that users had a“consistently positive attitude”about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans,which is why the RIKEN-TRICollaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear.RIBA(Robot for Interactive BodyOn the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F,which is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference.This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes,which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions.During a month-long hospital trial,researchers asked70patients how they felt being around the robot and“only three or four said they didn't like having it around.”It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses(though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off).Instead,they perform routine and laborious tasks,freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs.This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to collaboration,not replacement.51.What does the author say about Japan?A)It delivers the best medications for the elderly.B)It takes the lead in providing robotic care.C)It provides retraining for registered nurses.D)It sets the trend in future robotics technology.52.What do we learn about the robot Terapio?A)It has been put to use in many Japanese hospitals.B)It provides specific individualized care to patients.C)It does not have much direct contact with patients.D)It has not revolutionized medical service in Japan.53.What are telepresence robots designed to do?A)Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.B)Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.C)Closely monitor the patients'movements and conditions around the clock.D)Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.54.What is one special feature of the robot Actroid F?A)It interacts with patients just like a human companion.B)It operates quietly without patients realizing its presence.C)It likes to engage in everyday conversations with patients.D)It uses body language even more effectively than words.55.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A)Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.B)The robotics industry will soon take off.C)Robots will not make nurses redundant.D)Collaboration will not replace competition.Part IV Translation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。
2018年12月英语六级真题-三套翻译
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。
新近公布的统计数字表明，中国的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。
许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。
大型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料，而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。
近年来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。
一些图书馆还推出了自动服务秕，使读者借书还书更加方便，进一步满足了读者的需求。
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.近年来，中国越来越多的博物馆免费向公众开放。
博物馆展览次数和参观人数都明显增长。
在一些广受欢迎的博物馆门前，排长队已很常见。
这些博物馆必须采取措施限制参观人数。
如今，展览形式越来越多样。
一些大型博物馆利用多媒体和虚拟现实等先进技术，使展览更具吸引力。
不少博物馆还举办在线展览，人们可在网上观赏珍稀展品。
然而，现场观看展品的体验对大多数参观者还是更具吸引力。
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.近年来，中国政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资，以更好地满足人们快速增长地健身需求。
大学英语四六级考试-大学英语四级考试2018年12月真题第二套
大学英语四级考试2018年12月真题（第二套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) A rescue worker got trapped in the basement. C) A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.B) A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire. D) A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.2. A) He once served in a fire department. C) He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.B) He was collecting building materials. D) He moved into his neighbor’s old house.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching. C) Change British people’s negative view of maths.B) Help British people understand their paychecks. D) Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.4. A) Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.B) British people know how to do elementary calculations.C) The public sees the value of maths in their life.D) Children take maths courses at an earlier age.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He is learning to be a pilot. C) He regards his royal duties as a burden.B) He owns a fleet of aircraft. D) He held a part-time job for over 20 years.6. A) He can change his focus of attention and relax. C) He can show his difference from other royalty.B) He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills. D) He can come into closer contact with his people.7. A) They enjoyed his company. C) They were surprised to see him.B) They rarely recognised him. D) They liked him in his uniform.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) They saw a business opportunity there. C) It didn’t need much capital to start with.B) Wood supply was plentiful in Romania. D) They were skilled carpenters themselves.9. A) Open some more branch companies in Germany. C) Attract foreign investment to expand business.B) Enlarge their company by hiring more workers. D) Provide quality furniture at affordable prices.10. A) They are from her hometown. C) They are imported from Germany.B) They all come from Romania. D) They come from all over the continent.11. A) Throughout the world. C) All across Europe.B) Mostly in Bucharest. D) In Romania only.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Attend the opening of a local restaurant. C) Try out a new restaurant together in town.B) Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan. D) Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend.13. A) It provides information on local events. C) It specializes in food advertising.B) It is especially popular with the young. D) It is sponsored by local restaurants.14. A) They participate in a variety of social events. C) They treat themselves to various entertainments.B) They go to eat at different stylish restaurants. D) They design a special set of menus for themselves.15. A) More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.B) Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant Week.C) More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.D) This year’s Restaurant Week will start soon.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them. C) Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for them.B) Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly. D) Rewarding them for eating vegetables.17. A) They were considered most nutritious. C) They were least used in Belgian cooking.B) They were essential to children’s health. D) They were disliked most by children.18. A) Children’s choices of food vary greatly. C) Children’s eating habits can be changed.B) Parents watch closely what children eat. D) Vegetables differ in their nutritional value.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) A lot of garbage has been left on the moon. C) India has many space exploration programs.B) There is quite a lot to learn about the moon. D) Space exploration has serious consequences.20. A) It is risky to destroy. C) It is costly to bring back.B) It is of no use on Earth. D) It is damaged by radiation.21. A) Record details of space exploration.B) Monitor the change of lunar weather.C) Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.D) Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It will have to be governed by specific rules.B) It will gradually be replaced by social media.C) It is likely to be a competitor of various messaging apps.D) It is likely to remain a means of business communication.23. A) Make a timely response. C) See if any action needs to be taken.B) Save the message in their file. D) Examine the information carefully.24. A) It is to be passed on. C) It causes no concern.B) It requires no reply. D) It is mostly junk.25. A) Make it as short as possible. C) Avoid using capitals for emphasis.B) Use simple and clear language. D) Adopt an informal style of writing.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague? Delivered a 26 to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27 and productivity—and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that’s best—28 when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient? We’ve 29 business communication consultants and etiquette (礼仪)experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30 using the alternative ways of delivering difficult messages.First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 . Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32 is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice-mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver? “My 34 concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message?” says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when I apologize, I usually choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a handwritten note next. Apologizing by email is something I now totally 35 .”A) avoid I) rewardB) convenience J) silentC) effectively K) specificD) escape L) surveyedE) intimate M) unfriendlyF) particularly N) warningG) primary O) witnessedH) promptSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How a Poor, Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top ChefA) The busy streets in Paris were uneven and caked in thick mud, but there was always a breathtaking sight to seein the shop windows of Patisserie de la Rue de la Paix. By 1814, people crowded outside the bakery, straining for a glimpse of the latest sweet food created by the young chef who worked inside.B) His name was Marie-Antoine Carême, and he had appeared, one day, almost out of nowhere. But in his shortlifetime, which ended exactly 184 years ago today, he would forever revolutionize French gourmet food (美食), write best-selling cook books and think up magical dishes for royals and other important people.C) Carême’s childhood was one part tragedy, equal part mystery. Born the 16th child to poor parents in Paris ineither 1783 or 1784, a young Carême was suddenly abandoned at the height of the French Revolution. At 8 years old, he worked as a kitchen boy for a restaurant in Paris in exchange for room and board. By age 15, he had become an apprentice (学徒) to Sylvain Bailly, a well-known dessert chef with a successful bakery in one of Paris’ most fashionable neighborhoods.D) Carême was quick at learning in the kitchen. Bailly encouraged his young apprentice to learn to read and write.Carême would often spend his free afternoons at the nearby National Library reading books on art and architecture. In the back room of the little bakery, his interest in design and his baking talent combined to work wonders—he shaped delicious masterpieces out of flour, butter and sugar.E) In his teenage years, Carême fashioned eatable copies of the late 18th century’s most famous buildings—cookies inthe shape of ruins of ancient Athens and pies in the shape of ancient Chinese palaces and temples. Sylvain Bailly, his master, displayed these luxuriant creations—often as large as 4 feet tall—in his bakery windows.F) Carême’s creations soon captured the discriminating eye of a French diplomat, Charles Maurice deTalleyrand-Périgord. Around 1804, Talleyrand challenged Carême to produce a full menu for his personal castle, instructing the young baker to use local, seasonal fruits and vegetables and to avoid repeating main dishes over the course of an entire year. The experiment was a grand success and Talleyrand’s association withFrench nobility would prove a profitable connection for Carême.G) French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was known to be unimpressed by the declining taste of early 18thcentury cooking, but under pressure to entertain Paris’ high society, he too called Carême to his kitchen at Tuileries Palace. In 1810, Carême designed the extraordinary cake for the wedding of Napoleon and his second bride, Marie-Louise of Austria. He became one of the first modern chefs to focus on the appearance of his table, not just the flavor of his dishes. “I want order and taste. A well-displayed meal is enhanced one hundred percent in my eyes,” he later wrote in one of his cook books.H) In 1816, Carême began a culinary (烹饪的) journey which would forever mark his place as history’s first topchef. He voyaged to England to cook in the modern Great Kitchen of the prince regent (摄政王), George IV, and crossed continents to prepare grand banquets for the tables of Tsar Alexander I of Russia. Never afraid to talk up his own accomplishments, a boastful Carême made a fortune as wealthy families with social ambitions invited him to their kitchens. Later, in his cook books, he would often include a sketch of himself, so that people on the street would be able to recognize—and admire—him.I) Carême’s cooking displays became the symbol of fine French dining; they were plentiful, beautiful and imposing.Guests would fall silent i n wonder as servants carried Carême’s fancy creations into the dining hall. For a banquet celebrating the Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia’s visit to George IV’s Brighton Pavillion on Jan. 18, 1817, the menu featured 120 different dishes, highlighting eight different soups, 40 main courses, and 32 desserts.J) As he traveled through the homes of early 19th century nobility, Carême forged the new art of French gourmet food. Locked in hot kitchens, Carême created his four “mother sauces.” These sauces—béchamel, velouté, espagnole and allemande—formed the central building blocks for many French main courses. He also perfected the soufflé—a baked egg dish, and introduced the standard chef’s uniform—the same double-breasted white coat and tall white hat still worn by many chefs today. The white clothing conveyed an image of cleanliness, according to Carême—and in his realm, appearance was everything.K) Between meals, Carême wrote cook books that would be used in European kitchens for the next century. His manuals including The Royal Parisian Baker and the massive five-volume Art of French Cooking Series (1833-1847, completed after his death) first systematized many basic principles of cooking, complete with drawings and step-by-step directions. Long before television cooking shows, Carême walked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them to “try this for yourself, at home” as famous American Chef Julia Child might do, many years later.L) In the end, however, it was the kitchen that did Carême in. Decades of working over coal fires in tight, closed spaces with little fresh air (to ensure his dishes would not get cold) had fatally damaged his lungs. On Jan. 12, 1833, Carême died just before he turned 50.M) But in his lifetime, Carême, ever confident, could see beyond his short domination in the kitchen. He wanted to “set the standard for beauty in classical and modern cooking, and prove to the distant future that the French chefs of the 19th century were the most famous in the world,” as he wrote in his pape rs.N) Decades later, chef Auguste Escoffier would build upon Carême’s concept of French cuisine (烹饪). But in the very beginning, there was just Carême, the top chef who elevated dining into art.36. Carême was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.37. Carême wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most outstanding in the world.38. Carême benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections.39. Carême learned his trade from a famous desert chef in Paris.40. Carême’s creative works were exhibited in the shop windows by his master.41. Carême’s knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts out of ordinaryingredients.42. Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Carême.43. Carême became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.44. Carême’s writing dealt with the fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.45. Carême’s contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from your home. The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these d evices may have on house guests. Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they’re being recorded while you all watch the big game together?“It’s certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to install,” says Lizzie Po st, president of the Emily Post Institute, America’s foremost manners advisors. “I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette (礼仪) emerges in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask tha t it be turned off, if it’s not a security issue.”Post wants to make clear that she’s not talking about legal rights, but rather personal preferences. She also wants to explain that there are no right or wrong answers regarding manners on this front yet, because the technology is just now becoming mainstream. Besides, the Emily Post Institute doesn’t dictate manners.When it comes to security cameras, Post says it’s a host’s responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home. “I’m always a fan of being open and honest.” For instance, if the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable.However, if a contractor is working in your home, you don’t need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the air of accountability that the camera generates can also work in contractors’ favor. “If anything does go wrong while they’re in the house, they don’t want to be blamed for it,” she says. “In fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that they didn’t steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table.”46. F or what reason may your friends feel reluctant to visit your home?A) The security camera installed may intrude into their privacy.B) They don’t want their photos to be circulated on the Internet.C) The security camera may turn out to be harmful to their health.D) They may not be willing to interact with your family members.47. W hat does Lizzie Post say is new territory?A) The effect of manners advice on the public. C) The increasing use of home security devices.B) Cost of applying new technologies at home. D) Etiquette around home security cameras.48. W hat is Lizzie Post mainly discussing with regard to the use of home security cameras?A) Legal rights. C) Likes and dislikes of individuals.B) Moral issues. D) The possible impact on manners.49. W hat is a host’s responsibility regarding security cameras, accordin g to Lizzie Post?A) Making their guests feel at ease. C) Turning them off in time.B) Indicating where they are. D) Ensuring their guests’ privacy.50. I n what way can the home security camera benefit visitors to your home?A) It can satisfy their curiosity. C) It can help them learn new technology.B) It can prove their innocence. D) It can make their visit more enjoyable.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar, salt and fat, as consumers demand healthier options and regulatory pressure intensifies amid an obesity epidemic (流行病).The maker of Mountain Dew and Gatorade has been one of the earlier movers in the industry to offer products with reduced levels of unhealthy ingredients—PepsiCo claims a packet of its chips now contains less salt than a slice of white bread. However, its new 10-year plan makes clear it believes it still has a long way to go.Shifting eating habits, including a sharp drop in consumption of sparkling drinks, have forced radical change on the industry. But those shifts have yet to be reflected in record obesity levels, which stand at 36.5% overall in the US.Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo chairman, said the plan to make its products healthier was important for the company’s growth. But on the subject of obesity, she pointed out that consumers’ lifestyles have changed significantly, with many people being more sedentary（久坐不动的）not least because more time is spent in front of computers. She said PepsiCo’s contribution was to produce healthier snacks that still tasted good.“Society has to change its habits,” she added. “We can’t do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we canprovide consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat. In the past we had to have a taste trade-off. But we’re breaking that trade-off.”PepsiCo’s plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organisati on, which last week backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption. Initiatives also include efforts to reduce its environmental impact, water consumption and materials used in packaging by 2025.PepsiCo did not say exactly how much it planned to invest to reach its goals. However, Dr Mehmood Khan, chief scientific officer, said the company had doubled research and development spending in the past five years and was “committed to sustaining investment”, adding that companies cannot cost-cut their way to increasing sales. PepsiCo’s research and development budget in 2015 was $754 million.51. W hy is PepsiCo making a policy change?A) To win support from the federal government. C) To satisfy the growing needs for healthy foods.B) To be more competitive in the global market. D) To invest more wisely in the soft drink industry.52. W hat does PepsiCo think it will have to do in the future?A) Invest more to develop new snacks. C) Change consumers’ eating habits.B) Reduce levels of obesity in the US. D) Keep on improving its products.53. W hy does PepsiCo plan to alter its products, according to Indra Nooyi?A) To ensure the company’s future development. C) To help improve its consumers’ lifestyles.B) To a dapt to its customers’ changed taste. D) To break the trade-off in its product design.54. W hat does Indra Nooyi say about the obesity epidemic?A) It is mainly caused by overconsumption of snacks. C) It is attributable to people’s changed lifestyles.B) It results from high sugar and salt consumption. D) It has a lot to do with longer working hours.55. W hat has PepsiCo been doing to achieve its objective?A) Studying WHO’s guidelines. C) Expanding its market overseas.B) Increasing its research funding. D) Cutting its production costs.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。
2018年12月英语六级阅读真题答案X匹配
2018年12月英语六级阅读真题答案(X匹配)来源: 文都教育2018年大学六级考试已结束, 对于阅读部分, 今年的匹配题相对而言比较常规。
在解题策略上, 文章比较长, 信息量也非常庞大, 但大部分的关键信息依然源于段首句与段末句, 文都四六级辅导老师将英语六级阅读真题答案与大家分享。
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ul.b.seriousl.optimistic).tha.woul.accoun.fo.2..hour.o.ever.day.[L].app.lik.Offtim.o.Unplugge.t.creat.tec.fre.zone.b.strategicall.schedulin.automati.airplan .modes.I.addition.yo.ca.tak..cognitiv.brea.ever.9.minute.t.recharg.you.batteries.Tr.t.no.hav.lunc.a.y ou.desk.bu.instea.spen.tim.outsid.o.wit.you.friend..no.talkin.abou.work.Tak.al.o.you.pai.tim.off.w hic.no.onl.give.yo.recover.periods.bu.raise.you.productivit.an.likelihoo.o.promotion.[M].we’in.ou.plan.tim.a..work-fre.zone.an.thu.tim.t.di.int.th.recover.phase.Th.result.hav.bee.fant uall.tire.alread.b.th.tim.w.ge.o..plane.an.th.crampe.spac.an.spott.interne.connectio.ma k.wor.mor.challenging.Now.instea.o.swimmin.upstream.w.relax.meditate.sleep.watc.movies.journ al.o.liste.t.entertainin.podcasts.An.whe.w.ge.of.th.plane.instea.o.bein.depleted.w.fee.rejuvenate.an. read.t.retur.t.th.performanc.zone.【六级匹配题参考答案】36.It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents答案：D解析: D段第二句“Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems.”能与题干进行同义替换。
2018年12月英语六级作文真题答案卷一至卷三全套
2018年12月英语六级真题及答案卷一至卷三作文目录2018年12月英语六级真题及答案作文卷一作文…………….1-2页2018年12月英语六级真题及答案作文卷二作文……………. 2-3页2018年12月英语六级真题及答案作文卷三作文…………..…3-4页For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance academic study and extracurricular activities。
You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。
2018年12月英语六级真题及答案卷一作文第1段：学术学习和课外活动同等重要第2段：分析重要性的原因。
第3段：得出结论。
It is generally agreed that academic study has been playing a crucial role in students’life。
Nevertheless，we should not neglect the equal importance of extracurricular activities which can help us to build confidence and enhance overall abilities。
A number of factors might account for participating in both academic study and extracurricular activities。
With respect toacademic study，one of the most common factors is to facilitate our academic competence。
2018年12月英语六级听力真题原文及答案
2018年12月英语六级听力真题原文及答案Conversation 1A: Hey I just read a great book about physics. I think you’d like it. It’s called the physics of the world. It‘s written by a scientist named Sylvia Mendez.B: Oh I read that book. It was great. The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics. I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist.A: And it‘s refreshing to see a strong curious clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse and a field that has been traditionally dominated by men. I think she has to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientists. You know they were often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman’s place was in the home.B: I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge. For example in one chapter she exposes a myth that I‘ve heard taught by university physics professors. I’ve often heard that medieval glass windows are thicker at the bottom because glass flowslike a fluid. This, she shows, is not true. The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmakers process.A: Yeah I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of Do It Yourself experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table. From using complex laws of physics to test whether a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboard. Her hands-on examples make her book a truly interactive read.B: Yes, I must say this, a equation-free book is an ideal read for scientists of all stripes, anyone teaching science and even people who dislike physics.Question 1:What does the woman say about the book the man recommended?Question 2: What can we find in the book the man recommended?Question 3:How does the author bring her book to life? Question 4: How does the book cultivate readers interest in physics.Conversation 2A:Hi professor. I was hoping I could have a moment of your time if you‘re not too busy. I’m having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin.B:Sure. I have quite a few students though.So can you remind me what your topic is?A:The general topic I chose is aesthetics, but that‘s as far as I’ve got I don‘t really know where to go from there.B:Yeah, that‘s much too large a topic. You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible. Otherwise you’ll be writing a book.A:Exactly. That‘s what I wanted to ask you about. I was hoping it would be possible for me to change topics. I’m really more interested in nature than beauty.B:I‘m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic. Still, If you’re interested in nature, then that certainly can be worked into your dissertation. We‘ve talked about Hume before in class right.A:Oh yeah, he‘s the philosopher who wrote about where our ideas of beauty come from.B:Exactly. I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of his biography. Start from there. But remember to stick to the parameters of the assignment. This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade. So make sure to follow the instructions. If you take a look at his biography. You can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty, specifically the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful.A:Great. Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions, Professor. I‘ll let you get back to class now.B:If there‘s anything else you need, please come see me in my office any time.Question 5: What is the man‘s problem?Question 6: What does the professor think of the man‘s topic? Question 7: What’s the man really more interested in? Question 8: What does the professor say the man has to do? Passage 1During the arctic winter from October to March, the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus 20 degrees Celsius. But this year the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures. On February the 20th the temperature inGreenland climbed above freezing or zero degrees Celsius and it stayed there for over 24 hours. Then on February the 24th the temperature on Greenland‘s northern tip reached six degrees Celsius. Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning. Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before. They typically appear about once in a decade. However, the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago. This is troubling as climbing arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop which could accelerate Arctic warming. Indeed, sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected. Without those masses of cooling sea ice, warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before. The air can stay warmer longer too. This drives additional melting. Overall earth is warming at a rapid pace. 2014 through 2017 rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth. This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive. Previously climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060, but based on whatscientists are seeing now the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within 20 years.Question 9: What did climate scientists describe as stunning? Question 10: What does the passage say about that temperature surge in the Arctic?Question 11: What may occur in 20 years according to scientists’recent observations?Passage 2A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through whether it‘s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel. And if you want to increase that willpower. A new study suggests you just simply have to believe you have it. According to this study, what matters most is what we think about our willpower. If we believe it’s a finite resource, we act that way, we feel exhausted and need breaks between demanding mental tasks. However, people who view their willpower as a limitless resource get energized instead. The researchers used a psychological assessment tool to test the validity of the study. They asked 1100 Americans and 1600 Europeans to grade different statements such as after a challenging mental activity, my energy is depleted and I mustrest to get it refueled again or I can focus on a mental task for long periods without feeling tired.Although there was little difference between men and women overall. Americans were more likely to admit to needing breaks after completing mentally challenging tasks European participants on the other hand claimed they were able to keep going. Based on the findings, the researchers suggest that the key to boosting your willpower is to believe that you have an abundant supply of it. Your feelings about your willpower affect the way you behave. But these feelings are changeable, they said. Changing your beliefs about the nature of your self-control can have positive effects on character development. This leads to healthier behaviors and perceptions of other people.Question 12: What is often necessary for carrying through a task?Question 13: What is the finding of the new study?Question 14: What do we learn about European participants as compared with their American counterparts?Question 15: What do the research say concerning people‘s feelings about willpower?Lecture 1Here is my baby niece Sarah. Her mum is a doctor and her dad is a lawyer. By the time Sarah goes to college the jobs her parents do are going to look dramatically different. In 2013, researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work.They concluded that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines. Machine learning is the technology that‘s responsible for most of this disruption. It’s the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence. It allows machines to learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can do. My company, Kaggle, operates on the cutting edge of machine learning. We bring together hundreds of thousands of experts to solve important problems for industry and academia. This gives us an unique perspective on what machines can do, what they can‘t do and what jobs they might automate or threaten. Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early 90s. It started with relatively simple tasks. It started with things like assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten zip codes. Over the past few years, we have made dramatic breakthroughs. Machine learning is now capable of far, far more complex tasks. In 2012, Kaggle challenged its community to build a programthat could grade high school essays. The winning programs were able to match the grades given by human teachers. Now given the right data, machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this. A teacher might read 10000 essays over a 40-year career. A machine can read millions of essays within minutes. We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks, but there are things we can do that machines cannot. Where machines have made very little progress is in tackling novel situations. Machines can’t handle things they haven‘t seen many times before. The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data. But humans don’t. We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we‘ve never seen before.Question 16. What did the researchers at Oxford University conclude?Question 17. What do we learn about Kaggle companies winning programs?Question 18. What is the fundamental limitation on machine learning?Lecture 2we‘ve talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy. We’ve also talked about the different theories on how that can be done. So far, our discussions have all been theoretical. Now I have a practical question for you all. Can you run a 140,000 kilogram train on just the steam generated by solar power? Well, one engineer, Tim Casselman, believes it‘s possible. And his home city of Sacramento, California should see the technology’s first test as part of the upgrading of its rail yard. Casselman, who is an inventor and self-proclaimed steam visionary, is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing 10 kilometer line drawing tourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars. Casselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collect and focus heat onto water filled tubes. This would generate steam that could be used to fill tanks on a small steam train without the use of fire. Supplying power to trains in this way would offer the shortest distance from well to wheels he says with the least amount of energy lost. According to Harry Valentijn, a Canadian engineer who is researching modern steam technology, a special tank measuring 2 by 10 metres could store over 750 kilowatt hours of energy as high pressure steam enough to pulla two car train for an hour or so. Energy to drive a steam locomotive can be stored in other materials besides water, for example, a team at Tohoku University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat when heated. These materials turn from a solid into a liquid absorbing energy as they change phase. The liquid is maintained above its melting point until steam is required at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid releasing its stored energy. Another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material. Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas, leaving calcium oxide. The gas can be stored under pressure and attain to recover the energy. The gas is fed back over the calcium oxide. In theory, says Valentijn, this can create a high enough temperature to generate superheated steam.Question 19: What has the speaker previously talked about? Question 20: What is Tim Casselman trying to do in Sacramento? Question 21: What has a Japanese research team tried to do? Lecture 3Today‘s crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes.First,people are living longer with a lot more complex needs. Second, they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social-care services. Current services originate in two key measures. They are the National Health Service and the 1948 National Assistance Act. This required local government to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations.They also provided home and community services including meals, day centers and home helpers and other subsidized services. The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided. It delivered the best health-care for all. No such vision guided residential and community care though. The care was substantially provided by voluntary services which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income. Today, life expectancy has risen from 66 for a male at birth in 1948 to around 80 now. In addition, there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge and care. This means an unprecedented number of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support. Families provide at least as much care as they ever did. Even so,they can rarely without subsidised support address serious personal needs. Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent. From the early 1960s, local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services. The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible, but this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care. Through the 1970s, a number of measures sought to improve matter. However, at a time of financial crisis, funding diminished and little changed. In the 1980s, the government cut spending. Meanwhile, preference for private over public services made management even more difficult. Simultaneously, the number of sick older people grew. Governments emphasized the need to improve services. They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities. Unless you were prepared to pay, they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled. Why has 60 years of criticism produced so little change? Discrimination against older people has a long history. Additionally, those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.Question 22: What is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?Question 23: What does the speaker say about residential and community care?Question 24: What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the 1980s?Question 25: What does the speaker say about older people in England?【听力真题答案】1-5：ABCDD6-10 :ABCAC11-15：BCDAB16-20：ADCDA21-25：BDACB1. A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.2. B) Stories about some female physicists.3. C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge.4. D) It provides experiments they can do themselves.5. D)He has not idea how to proceed with his dissertation.6. A) It is too broad.7. B) Nature.8. C) List the parameters first.9. A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.10. C) It typically appears about once every ten years.11. B) Iceless summers in the Arctic.12. C) A strong determination.13. D) It is most important to have confidence in one`s willpower.14. A) They could keep on working longer.15. B) They are subject to change.16. A) About half of current jobs might be automated.17. D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers.18. C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.19. D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.20. A) Drive trains with solar energy.21. B) Find a new material for storing energy.22. D) The poor relation between national health and social care services.23. A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services.24. C) Their preference for private services.25. B) They have long been discriminated against.。
2018年12月英语六级听力真题及答案【已公布】
【导语】2018年12⽉英语六级考试已结束，⽆忧考四六级频道在考后特别整理了2018年12⽉英语六级听⼒真题及答案【已公布】，仅供⼤家参考，祝⼤家顺利通过六级考试！温馨提⽰：“考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统⼀，请依据试题进⾏核对。
” ABCDD ABCAC BCDAB ADCDA BDACB 1。
A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike。
2。
B) Stories about some female physicists。
3。
C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge。
4。
D) It provides experiments they can do themselves。
5。
D)He has not idea how to proceed with his dissertation。
6。
A) It is too broad。
7。
B) Nature。
8。
C) List the parameters first。
9。
A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland。
10。
C) It typiaclly appears about once every ten years。
11。
B) Iceless summers in the Arctic。
12。
C) A strong determination。
13。
D) It is most important to have confidence in one`s willpower。
14。
A) They could keep on working longer。
15。
B) They are subject to change。
2018年12月英语六级听力原文
2018年12月英语六级听力原文Conversation 11. Q: what does the woman say about the book the man recommended?原文：Oh I read that book. It was great. The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics. I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist.答案：D. It can benefit professional and non-professionals alke.解析：通过benefit关键词入手.2. Q: what can we find in the book the man recommended?答案：A. Stories about some female physicists.3. Q: How does the author bring her book to life?原文I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge.答案：B. By including lots of fascinating knowledge.解析：通过选项信号词by得知,需听原文或by直接重现或听一个方式.4. Q: How does the book cultivate readers interest in physics?原文：Yeah I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of Do It Yourself experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table.答案：C. It provides experiment they can do themselves解析：视听一致,通过experiment定位选项.Conversation 25. Q：What is the man‘s problem?原文: A：the general topic I chose is aesthetics, but that‘s as far as I’ve got I don‘t really know where to go from there.答案：A. He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation.6. Q: What does the professor think of the man‘s topic?原文：B：Yeah, that‘s much too large a topic. You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible. Otherwise you’ll be writing a book.答案：C. It is too board.7 .Q: What’s the man really more interested in?原文：I’m really more interested in nature than beauty.答案：B. Nature8.Q: what does the professor say the man has to do?原文：I‘m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic答案：Stick to the topic assigned.Passage 19. What did climate scientists describe as stunning?原文：Then on February the 24th the temperature on Greenland‘s northern tip reached six degrees Celsius. Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning.答案：A. The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.10.Q: What does the passage say about that temperature surge in the Arctic?答案：A. It typically appears about once every ten years.11.Q: what may occur in 20 years according to scientists’recent observations?原文：Previously climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060, but based on what scientists are seeing now the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within 20 years.答案：C. iceless summers in the Arctic.Passage 212. Q:What is often necessary for carrying through a task?答案：D. A strong determination13. Q: What is the finding of the new study?答案：B. It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks.14.Q: What do we learn about European participants as compared with their American counterparts?原文：They asked 1100 Americans and 1600 Europeans to grade different statements such as after a challenging mental activity, my energy is depleted and I must rest to get it refueled again or I can focus on a mental task for long periods without feeling tired.Although there was little difference between men and women overall. Americans were more likely to admit to needing breaks after completing mentally challenging tasks European participants on the other hand claimed they were able to keep going答案：D. They could keep on working longer.15. Q: What do the research say concerning people‘s feelings about willpower?答案：A. They are subject to change.Lecture 116. Q:what did the researchers at Oxford University conclude?原文：In 2013, researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work. They concluded that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines. Machine learning is the technology that‘s responsible for most of this disrup tion. It’s the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence. It allows machines to learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can do.答案：A. About half of current jobs might be automated.17. Q: What do we learn about Kaggle companies winning programs?原文：In 2012, Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could grade high school essays. The winning programs were able to match the grades given by human teachers.答案：D. They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers.18. Q: What is the fundamental limitation on machine learning?原文：The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data. But humans don’t. We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we‘ve never seen before.答案：C. It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.Lecture 219. Q:What has the speaker previously talked about?原文：we‘ve talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy. We’ve also talked about the different theories on how that can be done. So far, our discussions have all been theoretical.答案：D. The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.20. Q: What is Tim Casselman trying to do in Sacramento?原文：Well, one engineer, Tim Casselman, believes it‘s possible. And his home city of Sacramento, California should see the technology’s first test as part of the upgrading of its rail yard. Casselman, who is an inventor and self-proclaimed steam visionary, is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing 10 kilometer line drawing tourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars. Casselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collect and focus heat onto water filled tubes.答案：A. Drive train with solar energy,21. Q:what has a Japanese research team tried to do?原文：University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat when heated. These materials turn from a solid into a liquid absorbing energy as they change phase. The liquid is maintained above its melting point until steam is required at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid releasing its stored energy another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material. Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas leaving calcium oxide the gas can be stored under pressure and attain to recover the energy the gas is fed back over the calcium oxide. In theory says Valentijn this can create a high enough temperature to generate superheated steam.答案：B. Find a new material for storing energy.Lecture 322. Q:what is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?原文：First, people are living longer with a lot more complex needs. Second, they rely on asystem that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social-careservices.答案：D. The poor relation between national health and social care services.23. Q: What does the speaker say about residential and community care?原文：The care was substantially provided by voluntary services which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income.答案：A. It was mainly provided be voluntary services.24. Q: What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the 1980s?答案：B. Their reference for private services.25.Q:What does the speaker say about older people in England?原文：Why has 60 years of criticism produced so little change. Discrimination against older people has a long history. Additionally, those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.答案：C. They have long been discriminated against.听力原文六级听力conversation 1Hey I just read a great book about physics. I think you‘d like it. It’s called the physics of the world. It‘s written by a scientist named Sylvia Mendez.Oh I read that book. It was great. The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics. I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist.And it‘s refreshing to see a strong curious clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse and a field that has been traditionally dominated by men. I think she has to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientists.You know they were often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman’s place was in the home.I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge. For example in one chapter she exposes a myth that I‘ve heard taught by university physics professors. I’ve often heard that medieval glass windows are thicker at the bottom because glass flows like a fluid. This, she shows, is not true. The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmakers process.Yeah I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of Do It Yourself experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table. From using complex laws of physics to test whether a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboar, Her hands-on examples make her book a truly interactive read.Yes I must say this a equation-free book is an ideal read for scientists of all stripes, anyone teaching science and even people who dislike physics.Question 1：what does the woman say about the book the man recommended?Question 2：what can we find in the book the man recommended?Question 3：How does the author bring her book to life?Question 4：How does the book cultivate readers interest in physics?conversation 2A：Hi professor. I was hoping I could have a moment of your time if you‘re not too busy. I’m having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin.B：Sure. I have quite a few students though. So can you remind me what your topic is?A：the general topic I chose is aesthetics, but that‘s as far as I’ve got I don‘t really know where to go from there.B：Yeah, that‘s much too large a topic. You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible. Otherwise you’ll be writing a book.A：Exactly. That‘s what I wanted to ask you about. I was hoping it would be possible for me to change topics. I’m really more interested in nature than beauty.B：I‘m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic. Still, If you’re interested in nature, then that certainly can be worked into your dissertation. We‘ve talked about Hume before in class right.A：Oh yeah, he‘s the philosopher who wrote about where our ideas of beauty come from.B：Exactly. I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of his biography. Start from there. But remember to stick to the parameters of the assignment. This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade. So make sure to follow the instructions. If you take a look at his biography. You can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty. specifically the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful.A：Great. Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions, Professor. I‘ll let you get back to class now.B：If there‘s anything else you need, please come see me in my office any time.Question 5：What is the man‘s problem?Question 6 What does the professor think of the man‘s topic?Question 7 What’s the man really more interested in?Question 8 what does the professor say the man has to do?passage 1During the arctic winter from October to March, the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus 20 degrees Celsius. But this year the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures. On February the 20th the temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degrees Celsius and it stayed there for over 24 hours. Then on February the 24th the temperature on Greenland‘s northern tip reached six degrees Celsius. Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning. Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before. They typically appear about once in a decade. However, the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago. This is troubling as climbing arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop which could accelerate Arctic warming. Indeed, sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected. Without those masses of cooling sea ice, warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before. The air can stay warmer longer too. This drives additional melting. Overall earth is warming at a rapid pace. 2014 through 2017 rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth. This raises unique challengesfor Arctic wildlife and indigenous people who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive. Previously climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060, but based on what scientists are seeing now the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within 20 years.Question 9.What did climate scientists describe as stunning?A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.Question 10. What does the passage say about that temperature surge in the Arctic?Question 11. what may occur in 20 years according to scientists’recent observations?Passage2A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through whether it‘s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel. And if you want to increase that willpower. A new study suggests you just simply have to believe you have it. According to this study, what matters most is what we think about our willpower. If we bel ieve it’s a finite resource, we act that way, we feel exhausted and need breaks between demanding mental tasks. However, people who view their willpower as a limitless resource get energized instead. The researchers used a psychological assessment tool to test the validity of the study. They asked 1100 Americans and 1600 Europeans to grade different statements such as after a challenging mental activity, my energy is depleted and I must rest to get it refueled again or I can focus on a mental task for long periods without feeling tired.[00：01：08] Although there was little difference between men and women overall. Americans were more likely to admit to needing breaks after completing mentally challenging tasks European participants on the other hand claimed they were able to keep going. Based on the findings, the researchers suggest that the key to boosting your willpower is to believe that you have an abundant supply of it. Your feelings about your willpower affect the way you behave. But these feelings are changeable, they said. Changing your beliefs about the nature of your self-control can have positive effects on character development. This leads to healthier behaviors and perceptions of other people.Question 12 What is often necessary for carrying through a task?Question 13 What is the finding of the new study?Question 14 What do we learn about European participants as compared with their American counterparts?Question 15 What do the research say concerning people‘s feelings about willpower?lecture 1Here is my baby niece Sarah. Her mum is a doctor and her dad is a lawyer. By the time Sarah goes to college the jobs her parents do are going to look dramatically different. In 2013,researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work. They concluded that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines. Machine learning is the technology that‘s responsible for most of this disruption. It’s the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence. It allows machines to learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can do. My company, Kaggle, operates on the cutting edge of machine learning. We bring together hundreds of thousands of experts to solve important problems for industry and academia. This gives us an unique perspective on what machines can do, what they can‘t do and what jobs they might automate or threaten. Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early 90s. It started with relatively simple tasks. It started with things like assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten zip codes. Over the past few years, we have made dramatic breakthroughs. Machine learning is now capable of far, far more complex tasks. In 2012, Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could grade high school essays. The winning programs were able to match the grades given by human teachers. Now given the right data, machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this. A teacher might read 10000 essays over a 40-year career. A machine can read millions of essays within minutes. We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks, but there are things we can do that machines cannot. Where machines have made very little progress is in tackling novel situations. Machines can’t handle things they haven‘t seen many times before. The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data. But humans don’t. We have the ab ility to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we‘ve never seen before.Question 16. what did the researchers at Oxford University conclude?Question 17. What do we learn about Kaggle companies winning programs?Question 18. What is the fundamental limitation on machine learning?lecture 2we‘ve talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy. We’ve also talked about the different theories on how that can be done. So far, our discussions have all been theoretical. Now I have a practical question for you all. Can you run a 140,000 kilogram train on just the steam generated by solar power? Well, one en gineer, Tim Casselman, believes it‘s possible. And his home city of Sacramento, California should see the technology’s first test as part of the upgrading of its rail yard. Casselman, who is an inventor and self-proclaimed steam visionary, is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing 10 kilometer line drawing tourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars. Casselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collect and focus heat onto water filled tubes. This would generate steam that could be used to filltanks on a small steam train without the use of fire. Supplying power to trains in this way would offer the shortest distance from well to wheels he says with the least amount of energy lost. According to Harry Valentijn, a Canadian engineer who is researching modern steam technology, a special tank measuring 2 by 10 metres could store over 750 kilowatt hours of energy as high pressure steam enough to pull a two car train for an hour or so. Energy to drive a steam locomotive can be stored in other materials besides water for example a team at Tohoku University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat when heated. These materials turn from a solid into a liquid absorbing energy as they change phase. The liquid is maintained above its melting point until steam is required at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid releasing its stored energy another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material. Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas leaving calcium oxide the gas can be stored under pressure and attain to recover the energy the gas is fed back over the calcium oxide. In theory says Valentijn this can create a high enough temperature to generate superheated steam.Question 19：What has the speaker previously talked about?Question 20：What is Tim Casselman trying to do in Sacramento?Question 21：what has a Japanese research team tried to do?Lecture 3Today‘s crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes.First,people are living longer with a lot more complex needs. Second, they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social-care services.Current services originate in two key measures. They are the National Health Service and the 1948 National Assistance Act. This required local government to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations.They also provided home and community services including meals, day centers and home helpers and other subsidized services. The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided. It delivered the best health-care for all. No such vision guided residential and community care though. The care was substantially provided by voluntary services which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income. Today, life expectancy has risen from 66 for a male at birth in 1948 to around 80 now. In addition, there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge and care. This means an unprecedented number of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support. Families provide at least as much care as they ever did. Even so, they can rarely without subsidised support address serious personal needs. Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent. From the early 1960s, local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services. The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible, but thisincreased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care. Through the 1970s, a number of measures sought to improve matter. However at a time of financial crisis, funding diminished and little changed. In the 1980s, the government cut spending. Meanwhile, preference for private over public services made management even more difficult. Simultaneously, the number of sick older people grew. Governments emphasized the need to improve services. They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities. Unless you were prepared to pay, they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled. Why has 60 years of criticism produced so little change. Discrimination against older people has a long history. Additionally, those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.Question 22 what is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?Question 23. What does the speaker say about residential and community care?Question 24. What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the 1980s?Question 25. What does the speaker say about older people in England?。
2018年12月英语六级答案：CET6翻译答案（完整版）
【导语】2018年12⽉英语六级考试已结束，四六级频道在考后特别整理了2018年12⽉英语六级答案：CET6翻译答案（完整版），仅供⼤家参考，祝⼤家顺利通过六级考试！温馨提⽰：“考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统⼀，请依据试题进⾏核对。
” 2018年12⽉英语六级真题答案翻译卷⼀ 中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并⿎励⼈们充分加以利⽤。
新近公布的统计数字表明，中国的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。
许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。
⼤型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料，⽽且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。
近年来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从⽽节省了存放图书所需的空间。
⼀些图书馆还推出了⾃助服务系统，使读者借书还书更加⽅便，进⼀步满⾜了读者的需求。
China is paying more and more attention to public libraries， and people are encouraged to make full use of them。
The newly published statistics show that the number of public libraries in China is increasing year by year。
Many libraries have created a quieter and more comfortable environment for readers through refurbishment and expansion。
Large public libraries not only provide a wide variety of reference materials， but also regularly hold activities such as lectures，exhibitions and so on。
2018年12月英语六级听力试题答案原文
2018年12月大学生英语六级考试真题卷一（听力部分）PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.B) It lists the various challenges physicists are confronting.C) It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved.D) It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written.2. A) Physicists’ contribution to humanity.B) Stories about some female physicists.C) Historical evolution of modern physics.D) Women’s changing attitudes to physics.3. A)By exposing a lot of myths in physics.B) By describing her own life experiences.C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge.D) By telling anecdotes about famous professors.4. A) It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics.B) It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions.C) It demonstrates how they can become physicists.D)It provides experiments they can do themselves.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) He is too busy to finish his assignment in time.B) He does not know what kid of topic to write on.C) He does not understand the professor’s instructions.D) He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation.6. A) It is too broad.B) It is outdated.C) It is challenging.D) It is interesting.7. A) Biography.B) Nature.C) Photography.D) Beauty.8. A) Improve his cumulative grade.B) Develop his reading ability.C) Stick to the topic assigned.D) List the parameters first.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the co rresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.B) The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland.C) The unusual clod spell in the Arctic area in October.D) The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day.10. A) It has created a totally new climate pattern.B) It will pose a serious threat to many species.C) It typically appears about once every ten years.D) It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades.11. A) Extinction of Arctic wildlife.B) Iceless summers in the Arctic.C) Emigration of indigenous people.D) Better understanding of ecosystems.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) A good start.B) A detailed plan.C) A strong determination.D) A scientific approach.13. A) Most people get energized after a sufficient rest.B) Most people tend to have finite source of energy.C) It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks.D) It is most important to have confidence in one’s willpower.14. A) They could keep on working longer.B) They could do more challenging tasks.C) They found it easier to focus on work at hand.D) They held more positive attitudes toward life.15. A) They are part of their nature.B) They are subject to change.C) They are related to culture.D) They are beyond control.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) About half of current jobs might be automated.B) The jobs of doctors and lawyers would be threatened.C) The jobs market is becoming somewhat unpredictable.D) Machine learning would prove disruptive by 2013.17. A) They are widely applicable for massive open online courses.B) They are now being used by numerous high school teachers.C) They could read as many as 10,000 essays in a single minute.D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teacher.18. A) It needs instructions throughout the process.B) It dose poorly on frequency, high-volume tasks.C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.D) It is slow when it comes to tracking novel things.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) The engineering problems with solar power.B) The generation of steam with the latest technology.C) The importance of exploring new energy sources.D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.20. A) Drive trains with solar energy.B) Upgrade the city’s train facilities.C) Build a new ten-kilometre railway line.D) Cut-down the city’s energy consumption.21. A) Build a tank for keeping calcium oxide.B) Find a new material for storing energy.C) Recover super-heated steam.D) Collect carbon dioxide gas.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) The lack of supervision by both the nation and local government.B) The impact of the current economics crisis at home and abroad.C) The poor management of day centres and home help services.D) The poor relation between national heath and social care services.23. A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services.B) It mainly caters to the need of privileged.C) It called for a sufficient number of volunteers.D) It has deteriorated over the past sixty years.24. A) Their longer lifespans.B) Fewer home helpers available.C) Their preference for private services.D) More of them suffering serious illness.25. A) They are unable to pay for health services.B) They have long been discriminated against.C) They are vulnerable to illness and diseases.D) They have contributed a great deal to society.参考答案1. A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.2. B) Stories about some female physicists.3. C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge.4. D) It provides experiments they can do themselves.5. D）He has not idea how to proceed with his dissertation.6. A) It is too broad.7. B) Nature.8. C) Stick to the topic assigned.9. A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.10. C) It typiaclly appears about once every ten years.11. B) Iceless summers in the Arctic.12. C) A strong determination.13. D) It is most important to have confidence in one`s willpower.14. A) They could keep on working longer.15. B) They are subject to change.16. A) About half of current jobs might be automated.17. D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers.18. C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.19. D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.20. A) Drive trains with solar energy.21. B) Find a new material for storing energy.22. D) The poor relation between national health and social care services.23. A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services.24. C) Their preference for private services.25. B) They have long been discriminated against.听力原文Conversation 1A: Hey, I just read a great book about physics. I think you‘d like it. It’s called the physics of the world. It‘s written by a scientist named Sylvia Mendez.B: Oh, I read that book. It was great. The writer is a warm and competent guide to the mysteries of physics. I think it promises enrichment for any reader from those who know little about science to the career physicist.A: And it‘s refreshing to see a strong curious clever woman adding her voice to the scientific discourse and a field that has been traditionally dominated by men. I think she has to be commended for making an effort to include anecdotes about little known female scientists. You know they were often victims of a generation firmly convinced that the woman’s place was in the hom e.B: I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter brought to life by pieces of fascinating knowledge. For example in one chapter she exposes a myth that I‘ve heard taught by university physics professors. I’ ve often heard that medieval glass windows are thicker at the bottom because glass flows like a fluid. This, she shows, is not true. The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmakers process.A: Yeah I like how she cultivates scientific engagement by providing a host of Do It Yourself experiments that bring the same foundational principles of classical physics that govern everything from the solar system to your kitchen table. From using complex laws of physics to test whether a spinning egg is cooked to measuring atmospheric pressure by lifting a piece of cardboard. Her hands-on examples make her book a truly interactive read.B: Yes I must say this a equation-free book is an ideal read for scientists of all stripes, anyone teaching science and even people who dislike physics.Question 1. what does the woman say about the book the man recommended?A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike.Question 2. what can we find in the book the man recommended?B) Stories about some female physicists.Question 3. How does the author bring her book to life?C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge.Question 4. How does the book cultivate readers interest in physics.D)It provides experiments they can do themselves.Conversation 2A: Hi professor. I was hoping I could have a moment of your time if you‘re not too busy. I’m having some problems getting started on my dissertation and I was hoping you could give me some advice on how to begin.B: Sure. I have quite a few students though. So can you remind me what your topic is?A: The general topic I chose is aesthetics, but that’s as far as I’ve got I don‘t really know where to go from there.B: Yeah，that’s much too large a topic. You really need to narrow it down in order to make it more accessible. Otherwise you’ll be writing a book.A: Exactly. That’s what I wanted to ask you about. I was hoping it would be possible for me to change topics. I’m really more interested in nature than beauty.B: I‘m afraid you have to adhere to the assigned topic. Still, If you’re interested in nature, then that certainly can be worked into your dissertation. We‘ve talked about Hume before in class right.A: Oh yeah, he’s the philosopher who wrote about where our ideas of beauty come from.B: Exactly. I suggest you go to the library and get a copy of his biography. Start from there. But remember to stick to the parameters of the assignment. This paper is a large part of your cumulative grade. So make sure to follow the instructions. If you take a look at his biography. You can get a good idea of how his life experiences manifest themselves in his theories of beauty. specifically the way he looked towards nature as the origin of what we find beautiful.A: Great. Thanks for taking the time to answer my questions, Professor. I‘ll let you get back to class now.B: If there’s anything else you need, please come see me in my office any time.Question 5. What is the man‘s problem?D) He has not idea how to proceed with his dissertation.Question 6. What does the professor think of the man‘s topic?A) It is too broadQuestion 7. What’s the man really more interested in?B) Nature.Question 8. What does the professor say the man has to do?C) Stick to the topic assigned.Passage 1During the arctic winter from October to March, the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus 20 degrees Celsius. But this year the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures. On February the 20th the temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degrees Celsius and it stayed there for over 24 hours. Then on February the 24th the temperature on Greenland’s northern tip reached six degrees Celsius. Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning. Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before. They typically appear about once in a decade. However, the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago. This is troubling as climbing arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climate feedback loop which could accelerate Arctic warming. Indeed, sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected. Without those masses of cooling sea ice, warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before. The air can stay warmer longer too. This drives additional melting. Overall earth is warming at a rapid pace. 2014 through 2017 rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth. This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive. Previously climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060, but based on what scientists are seeing now the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within 20 years.Question 9. What did climate scientists describe as stunning?A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland.Question 10. What does the passage say about that temperature surge in the Arctic?C) It typiaclly appears about once every ten years.Question 11. W hat may occur in 20 years according to scientists’ recent observations?B) Iceless summers in the Arctic.Passage2A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through whether it’s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel. And if you want to increase that willpower, a new study suggests you just simply have to believe you have it. According to this study, what matters most is what we think about our willpower. If we believe it’s a finite resource, we act that way, we feel exhausted and need breaks between demanding mental tasks. However, people who view their willpower as a limitless resource get energized instead. The researchers used a psychological assessment tool to test the validity of the study. They asked 1100 Americans and1600 Europeans to grade different statements such as after a challenging mental activity, my energy is depleted and I must rest to get it refueled again or I can focus on a mental task for long periods without feeling tired.Although there was little difference between men and women overall. Americans were more likely to admit to needing breaks after completing mentally challenging tasks European participants on the other hand claimed they were able to keep going. Based on the findings, the researchers suggest that the key to boosting your willpower is to believe that you have an abundant supply of it. Your feelings about your willpower affect the way you behave. But these feelings are changeable, they said. Changing your beliefs about the nature of your self-control can have positive effects on character development. This leads to healthier behaviors and perceptions of other people.Question 12. What is often necessary for carrying through a task?C) A strong determination.Question 13. What is the finding of the new study?D) It is most important to have confidence in one`s willpower.Question 14. What do we learn about European participants as compared with their American counterparts?A) They could keep on working longer.Question 15. What do the research say conce rning people‘s feelings about willpower?B) They are subject to change.Lecture 1Here is my baby niece Sarah. Her mum is a doctor and her dad is a lawyer. By the time Sarah goes to college the jobs her parents do are going to look dramatically different. In 2013，researchers at Oxford University did a study on the future of work. They concluded that almost one in every two jobs has a high risk of being automated by machines. Machine learning is the technology that’s responsible for most of this disruption. It’s the most powerful branch of artificial intelligence. It allows machines to learn from data and copy some of the things that humans can do. My company, Kaggle, operates on the cutting edge of machine learning. We bring together hundreds of thousands of experts to solve important problems for industry and academia. This gives us an unique perspective on what machines can do, what they can‘t do and what jobs they might automate or threaten. Machine learning started making its way into industry in the early 90s. It started with relatively simple tasks. It started with things like assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten zip codes. Over the past few years, we havemade dramatic breakthroughs. Machine learning is now capable of far, far more complex tasks. In 2012, Kaggle challenged its community to build a program that could grade high school essays. The winning programs were able to match the grades given by human teachers. Now given the right data, machines are going to outperform humans at tasks like this. A teacher might read 10000 essays over a 40-year career. A machine can read millions of essays within minutes. We have no chance of competing against machines on frequent high-volume tasks, but there are things we can do that machines cannot. Where machines have made very little progress is in tackling novel situations. Machines can’t handle things they haven’t seen many times before. The fundamental limitation of machine learning is that it needs to learn from large volumes of past data. But humans don’t. We have the ability to connect seemingly different threads to solve problems we’ve never seen before.Question 16. What did the researchers at Oxford University conclude?A) About half of current jobs might be automated.Question 17. What do we learn about Kaggle companies winning programs?D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers.Question 18. What is the fundamental limitation on machine learning?C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data.Lecture 2We’ve talked recently about the importance of sustainable energy. We’ve also talked about the different theories on how that can be done. So far, our discussions have all been theoretical. Now I have a practical question for you all. Can you run a 140,000 kilogram train on just the steam generated by solar power? Well, one engineer, Tim Casselman, believes it‘s possible. And his home city of Sacramento, California s hould see the technology’s first test as part of the upgrading of its rail yard. Casselman, who is an inventor and self-proclaimed steam visionary, is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing 10 kilometer line drawing tourists and perhaps offering city commuters a green alternative to their cars. Casselman wants to build an array of solar magnifying mirrors at one end of the line to collect and focus heat onto water filled tubes. This would generate steam that could be used to fill tanks on a small steam train without the use of fire. Supplying power to trains in this way would offer the shortest distance from well to wheels he says with the least amount of energy lost. According to Harry Valentijn, a Canadian engineer who is researching modern steam technology, a special tank measuring 2 by 10 metres could store over 750 kilowatt hours of energy as high pressure steam enough to pull a two car train for an hour or so. Energy to drive a steam locomotive can be stored in other materials besides water for example a team at Tohoku University in Japan has studied materials that can store large amounts of heat when heated. These materials turn from a solidinto a liquid absorbing energy as they change phase. The liquid is maintained above its melting point until steam is required at which point the liquid is allowed to turn back into a solid releasing its stored energy another team at Nagoya University in Japan has tested calcium compound as an energy storage material. Heating this chemical compound drives off carbon dioxide gas leaving calcium oxide the gas can be stored under pressure and attain to recover the energy the gas is fed back over the calcium oxide. In theory says Valentijn this can create a high enough temperature to generate superheated steam.Question 19. What has the speaker previously talked about?D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy.Question 20. What is Tim Casselman trying to do in Sacramento?A) Drive trains with solar energy.Question 21. What has a Japanese research team tried to do?B) Find a new material for storing energy.Lecture 3Today’s crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes.First，people are living longer with a lot more complex needs. Second, they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social-care services.Current services originate in two key measures. They are the National Health Service and the 1948 National Assistance Act. This required local government to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations.They also provided home and community services including meals, day centers and home helpers and other subsidized services. The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided. It delivered the best health-care for all. No such vision guided residential and community care though. The care was substantially provided by voluntary services which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income. Today, life expectancy has risen from 66 for a male at birth in 1948 to around 80 now. In addition, there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge and care. This means an unprecedented number of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support. Families provide at least as much care as they ever did. Even so, they can rarely without subsidised support address serious personal needs. Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent. From the early 1960s, local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services. The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible, but this increasedconcern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care. Through the 1970s, a number of measures sought to improve matter. However at a time of financial crisis, funding diminished and little changed. In the 1980s, the government cut spending. Meanwhile, preference for private over public services made management even more difficult. Simultaneously, the number of sick older people grew. Governments emphasized the need to improve services. They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities. Unless you were prepared to pay, they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled. Why has 60 years of criticism produced so little change. Discrimination against older people has a long history. Additionally, those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.Question 22. What is one cause of the current crisis in care for the elderly in England?D) The poor relation between national health and social care services.Question 23. What does the speaker say about residential and community care?A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services.Question 24. What made management of care for the elderly more difficult in the 1980s?C) Their preference for private services.Question 25. What does the speaker say about older people in England?B) They have long been discriminated against.。
[英语六级作文]2018年12月英语六级作文 真题+解析(文都教育版)
【六级写作话题】 六级写作话题有三个。
如下： 如何平衡学术和业余文化生活（How to balance academic study and extracurriculum activities） 如何平衡工作职责和个人爱好（How to balance job responsibilities and personal interests ） 如何平衡工作和休闲（How to balance work and leisure） 以上三个话题中的单词较简单，大部分学生应该还是能读懂题目。
【六级写作话题思路】 这三类话题有思路大体相同。
思路如下： 首先，预先制定生活计划，合理的规划时间。
然后，学习或工作要高效，不能拖延，占用业余时间，要明白自己的业余生活、个人爱好以及休息时间的重要性。
最后，学会说不，要懂得不必同意所有的事情，答应所有的人。
【六级写作话题可用句型】 开头： With the development of the society, the living standard of people have been improved and the life has been enriched. Here comes the question: should we balance......and......? My answer is positive, for...... 中间: 1As far as I am concerned, there are three main ways to balance ....... First of all, it is suggested that we should make efforts to ...... In addition, to balance......and..... is not a light task, it requires a good awareness of..... At last but not least, it is necessary for us to focus our time and energy on...... 2When it comes to the problem of balancing ......and......, here are various tips for you. The first tip is that ...... The second one is that ...... The last one is that...... 结尾： 1All in all, it is the critical time that we took effective actions to balance......and...... Only by doing these, can we have a bright future. 2Based on the points discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that we should balance......and...... Seeking the balance between......and...... is not different from conquering a great mountain; both of us require determination, courage, and perseverance. 2018年12月英语六级答案汇总 >>更多英语四六级内容 将本页收藏到： 上一篇：2018年12月英语六级作文答案：试卷三职责与兴趣（有道考神版 下一篇：2018年12月英语六级作文答案：试卷一学业与课外（文都教育版 ·2018年12月英语六级作文答案：试卷三职责与兴趣（文都教育版·2018年12月英语六级作文答案：试卷二工作与休闲（文都教育版·2018年12月英语六级作文答案：试卷一学业与课外（文都教育版·2018年12月英语六级作文答案：试卷三职责与兴趣（有道考神版·2018年12月英语六级作文答案：试卷二工作与休闲（有道考神版 【六级写作真题】 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance academic study and extracurriculum activities/how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests/how to balance work and leisure. You have to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 【六级写作参考范文】 How to Balance Academic Study and Extracurriculum Activities Currently, with the competition becoming fierce, a growing number of undergraduates are under great pressure in their life, which bring negative influence on their mental and physicalhealth. Therefore, how to balance academic study and extracurriculum activities becomes one of heated topics among college students. For my part, both academic study and extracurriculum activities are critical to college students. On the one hand, there is no doubt in saying that college students should give priority to their academic study, since it contributes directly to their expertise, job hunting as well as academic achievements. On the other hand, extracurriculum activities also plays an indispensable role in college life in that extracurriculum activities like basketball, soccer and so on can relax ourselves, relieve our pressure and most importantly, enhance physical fitness. All these factors are vital to a efficient way of academic study. In conclusion, it is high time that college students should paid close attention to taking part in appropriate extracurriculum activities. Only in this way can they be engaged in academic studies and hold a positive attitude toward college life. 【参考译文】 当前，随着竞争变得加剧，越来越多的大学生处在巨大的压力之下，这对他们的身心健康带来了很多负面影响。