RM 16 Asynchonous Transfer Mode

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计算机常见英文缩写

计算机常见英文缩写Virtue carries wealth. On the morning of November 2, 2022计算机常用英文缩写3DPA—3D Positional Audio—3D定位音频3DS—Three Dimension Studio—三维摄影室AAT—Average Access Time—平均存取时间ABS—Auto Balance System—自动平衡系统AC—Alternating Current—交流电ACOPS—Automatic CPU Overheat Prevention System—自动CPU过热预防系统ACPI—Advanced Configuration And Power Interface—高级配置与电源接口ADC—Analog To Digital Convent—模数转换器ADIMM—Advanced Dual In-line Memory Modules—高级双重内嵌式内存模块ADO—ActiveX Data Object—ActiveX数据对象ADSL—Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line—非对称数字用户路线AE—Atmospheric Effect—雾化效果AGP—Accelerated Graphics Port—加速图形接口AGU—Address Generation Unit—地址产生单元AHA—Accelerated Hub Architecture—加速中心架构AH—Authentication Header—鉴定头文件AI—Artificial Intelligence—人工智能AL—Artificial Life—人工生命ALU—Arithmetic Logic Unit—算术逻辑单元ANSI—American National Standard Institute—美国国家标准协会AOL—American Online—美国在线APIC—Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller—高级程序中断控制器APM—Advanced Power Management—高级电源管理APP—Accelerated Parallel Processing—AMD加速并行处理技术APPE—Advanced Packet Parsing Engine—高级数据包解析引擎ARP—Address Resolution Protocol—地址解析协议ASC—Anti Static Coating—防静电涂层ASCII—American Standard Code For Information Interchange—美国信息交换标准代码ASIC—Application Specific Integrated Circuit—特殊应用集成电路AST—Average Seek Time—平均寻道时间ATAPI—Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface—高级技术附加数据包接口ATL—ActiveX Template Library—ActiveX模版库ATM—Asynchronous Transfer Mode—异步传输模式AV—Analog Video—模拟视频AVI—Audio Video Interleave—音频视频插入B2C—Business To Custom—商家对客户BASIC—Beginner—All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code—初学者通用符号指令代码BBS—Bulletin Board System—公告牌系统BCF—Boot Catalog File—启动目录文件BGA—Ball Grid Array—球栅阵列BIF—Boot Image File—启动映像文件BIOS—Basic Input Output System—基本输入输出系统BIS—Boot Integrity Service—启动整体服务BMS—Black Matrix Screen—超黑矩阵屏幕BOPS—Billion Operation Per Second—十亿次计算每秒BPT—Branch Prediction Table—分支预测表BTB—Branch Target Buffer—分支目标缓冲CAD—Computer Aided Design—计算机辅助设计CAE—Computer Aided Engineering—计算机辅助工程CAI—Computer Aided Instruction—计算机辅助教学CAM—Common Access Mode—公共存取模型CAM—Computer Aided Manufacturing—计算机辅助制造CBIC—Cell based Integrated Circuit—基于单元的集成电路CC—Companion Chip—同伴芯片CCD—Charge Coupled Dvice—电流连接设备CCM—Call Control Management—拨号控制管理CC-NUMA—Cache Coherent Non Uniform Memory Access—连贯缓冲非统一内存寻址CCT—Clock Cycle Time—时钟周期CDMA—Code Division Multiple Access—码分多址CDR—Compact Disc Recordable—可刻录光盘CD-ROM—Compact Disc Read Only Memory—光驱CD-RW—Compact Disc Rewriter—刻录机CDSL—Consumer Digital Subscriber Line—消费者数字订阅线路CE—Consumer Electronic—消费电子CEM—Cube Environment Mapping—立方环境映射CEO—Chief Executive Officer—首席执行官CG—Computer Graphic—计算机生成图像CGI—Common Gateway Interface—通用网关界面CHRP—Common Hardware Reference Platform—公用硬件平台CIEA—Commercial Internet Exchange Association—商业英特网交易协会CIR—Committed Information Rate—约定信息速率CISC—Complex Instruction Set Computing—复杂指令集计算机CLV—Constant Linear Velocity—恒定线速度CMOS—Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor—互补金属氧化物半导体存储器COB—Cache On Board—板上集成缓存COD—Chip On Board—芯片内集成缓存COM—Component Object Model—组件对象模型COO—Chief Organization Officer—首席管理官CPGA—Ceramic Pin Grid Array—陶瓷针形栅格阵列CPLD—Complex Programmable Logic Device—复杂可编程逻辑器件CPS—Characters Per Second—每秒字符数CPU—Central Processing Unit—中央处理器CRC—Cyclical Redundancy Check—循环冗余检查CRM—Custom Relationship Management—客户关系管理CRT—cathode Ray Tube—阴极射线管CSE—Configuration Space Enable—可分配空间CSS—Cascading Style Sheets—层叠样式表CTO—Chief Technology Officer—首席技术官CTS—Carpal Tunnel Syndrome—腕管综合症CUDA—Computer Unified Device Architecture—计算机统一装置结构CVS—Computer Visual Syndrome—计算机视觉综合症DAC—Dual Address Cycle—双重地址周期DAE—Digital Audio Extraction—数字音频抓取DB—Deep Buffer—深度缓冲DCD—Dynamic Content Delivery—动态内容推送DC—Domain Controller—域控制器DCE—Data Communication Equipment—数据通信设备DCOM—Distributed Component Object Model—分布式组件对象模型DCT—Display Compression Technology—显示压缩技术DDC—Display Data Chanel—显示数据通道DDN—Digital Data Network—数字数据网DDR—Double Data Rate—双倍速率DDSS—Double Dynamic Suspension System—双层动力悬吊系统DEC—Direct Etching coating—表面蚀刻涂层DES—Data Encryption Standard—数据加密标准DFP—Dynamic Feedback Protocol—动态反馈协议DHCP—Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol—动态主机配置协议DIB—Dual Independent Bus—双独立总线DIC—Digital Image Controller—数字图像控制DIMM—Dual Inline Memory Module—双列直插内存模块DIP—Double In-line Package—双列直插式封装DIR—Direct Infrastructure rendering—基层直接渲染DLL—Dynamic Link Library—动态数据链接库DLP—Digital Light Process—数字光处理DME—Direct Memory Execute—直接内存执行DMI—Desktop Management Interface—桌面管理界面DMI—Dynamic Method Invocation—动态方法调用DNS—Digital Nervous System—数字神经系统DNS—Domain Name System—域名系统DOS—Disk Operating System—磁盘操作系统DP—Dual Processor—双处理器DPI—Dots Per Inch—每英寸点数DPMS—Display Power Management Signal—显示能源管理信号DQL—Dynamic Quadrapole Lens—动态四极镜DRC—Design Rule Check—设计规则检查DSD—Direct Stream Digital—直接比特流数字DSL—Digital Subscriber Line—数字用户专线DSP—Digital Signal Processing—数字信号处理DST—Drive Self Test—驱动自检程序DTD—Document Type Definition—文件类型定义DTE—Digital Terminal Equipment—数据终端设备DVD—Digital Versatile Disc—数字多功能光DVD—Digital Video Disc—数字视频光盘DVD-RAM—Digital Versatile Disc Random Access Memory—DVD随机存储器DVI—Digital Video Interface—数字视频接口E3—Electronic Entertainment Expo—美国E3大展EAX—Environment Audio Extension—环境音效扩展EB—Expansion Bus—扩展总线EBR—Excess Burst Rate—超频突发速率ECC—Elliptical Curve Crypto—椭圆曲线加密EC—Embedded Controller—嵌入式控制ECP—Extended Capabilities Port—扩展并行口ECTS—European Computer Trade Show—欧洲计算机商贸展示会EDIF—Electronic Design Interchange Format—电子设计交换格式EEPROM—Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory—电擦可编程只读存储器EFEAL—Extension Field Elliptically Aperture Lens—可扩展扫描椭圆孔镜头EIDE—Enhanced Integrated Driver Electronic—增强电子集成驱动器EISA—Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture—增强工业标准架构EMI—Electromagnetic Interference—电磁干扰EMP—Emergency Management Port—紧急事情管理端口EPP—Enhanced Parallel Port—增强并行口EPU—Energy Processing Unit—能耗调控单元ERC—Electronic Rule Check—电气规则检查ERP—Enterprise Resource Planning—企业资源计划ERP—Estimated Retail Place—估计零售价ESCD—Extended System Configuration Data—扩展系统配置数据FADD—Floating Addition—浮点加FAT—File Allocation Table—文件分配表FBC—Frame Buffer Cache—帧缓冲缓存FCPGA—Flip Chip Pin Grid Array—反转芯片针脚栅格阵列FDBM—Fluid Dynamic Bearing Motor—液态轴承马达FDC—Floppy Disk Controller—软盘控制装置FDD—Floppy Disk Drive—软盘FDIV—Floating Divided—浮点除FDM—Frequency Division Multiplexing—频分多路复用FIR—Finite Impulse Response—有限推进响应FMUL—Floating Multiplication—浮点乘FMV—Full Motion Video—全动态影像FPGA—Filed Programmable Grate Array—现场可编程门阵列FPS—First Person Shooting—第一人称射击FPU—Floating Processing Unit—浮点运算单元—Frames Per Second—每秒传输帧数FRICC—Federal Research Internet Coordinating Committee—联邦调查因特网协调委员会FSAA—Full Scene Anti—aliasing—全景抗锯齿FSE—Frequency Shifter Effect—频率转换效果FSM—Finite Status Machine—有限状态机FSUB—Floating Subtraction—浮点减FTP—File Transfer Protocol—文件传输协议FWH—Firmware Hub—固件中心GDI—Graphic Device Interface—图形设备接口GIF—Generalized Timing Formula—一般程序时间GMCH—Graphic Memory Control Hub—图形内存控制中心GMR—Giant Magneto Resistive—巨型磁阻GPF—Generation Protection Fault—一般保护性错误GPS—Global Positioning System—全球定位系统GPU—Graphic Processing Unit—图形处理器GSM—Global System For Mobile Communication—全球移动通讯系统GUI—Graphical User Interface—图形用户界面GVPP—Generic Visual Perception Processor—常规视觉处理器HAL—Hardware Abstraction Layer—硬件抽象化层HCI—Host Control Interface—主机控制接口HCT—Hardware Compatibility Test—硬件兼容性测试HDA—Head Disk Assembly—磁头集合HDCP—High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection—高带宽数字内容保护HDD—Hard Disk Drive—硬盘HDL—Hardware Description Language—硬件描述语言HDMI—High Definition Multimedia Interface—高清晰度多媒体接口HDSL—High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line—高速率数字用户路线HDTV—High Definition TV—高清电视HEL—Hardware Emulation Layer—硬件模拟层HiFDA—High_Capacity Floppy Disk—高容量软盘HMOS—High Performance Metal Oxide Semiconductor—高性能金属氧化物半导体HPA—High Power Amplifier—高功率放大器HPS—High Performance Server—高性能服务器HPW—High Performance Workstation —高性能工作站HRIF—Head Related Transfer Function—头部关联传输功能HTML—Hyper Text Markup Language—超文本标志语言HTPC—Home Theater Personal Computer—家庭影院电脑HTTP—Hyper Text Transmission Protocol—超文本传输协议HUD—Head Up Display—平视显示器IA—Intel Architecture—英特尔架构ICD—Installable Client Drive—可安装客户端驱动程序ICMP—Intel Control Message Protocol—英特尔控制报文协议ICU—Instruction Control Unit—指令控制单元IDCT—Inverse Discrete Cosine Transfer—非连续反余弦变换IDF—Intel Developer Forum—因特尔开发者论坛IEEE—The Institute Electrical And Electronic Engineerings—美国电气和电子工程师协会IETF—Intel Engineer Task Force—因特网工程任务组IEU—Integer Excute Unit—整数执行单元IID—Interaural Intensity Difference—两侧声音强度差别IIR—Infinite Impulse Response—无限推进响应IIS—Internet Information Service—互联网信息服务IKE—Intel Key Exchange—因特网密钥交换协议IMM—Intel Mobil Module—因特尔移动模块IP—Internet Protocol—互联网协议IPPR—Image Processing And Pattern Recognition—图像处理和模式识别IPS—In Plane Switching—平面转换IRC—Internet Relay Chat—互联网接力聊天IRQ—Interrupt Request—中断请求IRST—Intel Rapid Storage Technology—英特尔快速存储技术ISA—Industry Standard Architecture—工业标准结构ISA—Instruction Set Architecture—指令集架构ISDN—Integrated Service Digital Network—综合服务数字网络IS—Internal Stake—内置堆栈ISO—International Standard Organization—国际标准化组织ISP—Intel Service Provider—因特网服务供应商JIT—Just In Time—准时制生产JVM—Java Virtual Machine—Java虚拟机KBC—Keyboard Controller—键盘控制器LBA—Logical Block Addressing—逻辑块寻址LCD—Liquid Crystal Display—液晶显示屏LCM—LCD Module—LCD显示模组LCOS—Liquid Crystal On Silicon—硅上液晶LDAP—Lightweight Directory Access Protocol—轻权目录访问协议LDT—Lighting Data Transport—闪电数据传输LED—Light Emitting Diode—发光二极管LF—Linear Filtering—线性过滤LMDS—Local Multipoint Distributed System—局域多点分布式系统LPM—Library Parameterized Module—参数化模块库LTE—Long Term Evolution—长期演进LVDS—Low Voltage Differential Single—低压差分信号LVS—Layout Versus Schematic—版图原理图对比MAC—Media Access Controller—介质访问控制MALS—Multi Astigmatism Lens System—多重散光聚焦系统MB—Motherboard—主机板MDC—Mobile Daughter Card—移动式子卡MFC—Microsoft Foundation Classes—微软基础库MFD—Multi Function Device—多功能设备MIDI—Musical Instrument Digital Interface—乐器数字接口MIME—Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension—多用途因特网邮件扩展协议MIOC—Memory And I/O Bridge Controller—内存和I/O桥控制器MiPad—Multimodal Interactive Notepad—多语态互动式记事本MIS—Management Information System—管理信息系统MMVF—Multi-Media Video File—多媒体视频文件MPEG—Moving Picture Expert Group—运动图像专家组MPP—Massive Parallel Processing—巨量平行处理MPS—Multi Processor Specification—多重处理器规范MRP—Manufacturing Resource Planning—制造资源计划MRW—Midrange Workstation—中型工作站MSI—Microsoft Installer—微软安装程序MS—Magnetic Sensor—磁场感应器MSN—Microsoft Network—微软网络MSP—Media Stream Processor—媒体流处理器MTBF—Mean Time Before Failure—平均故障时间MTH—Memory Transfer Hub—内存转换中心MUD—Multiple User Dungeon—多用户地牢NAOC—No-Account Overclock—无效超频NAS—Network Attached Storage—网络连接式存储NAT—Network Area Translation—网络地址转换NBC—North Bridge Chip—北桥芯片NDIS—Network Driver Interface specification—网络驱动接口规范NDS—Novell Directory Service—网威目录服务NE—Netlist Extract—网表提取NIC—Network Interface Card—网络接口卡NNTP—Network News Transport Protocol—网络新闻传输协议NPC—Non Player Character—非玩着人物NT—New Technology—新技术OCR—Optical Character Recognition—光学字符识别OEM—Original Equipment Manufacturer—原始设备制造商OLGA—Organic Land Grid Array—基板栅格阵列OOP—Object Oriented Programming—面向对象的程序设计OPT—Optimized Production Technology—优化生产技术OS—Operating System—操作系统PCAV—Part Constant Angular Velocity—部分恒定角速度PCB—Printed Circuit Board—印刷电路板PCI—Peripheral Component Interconnect—外围装置连接端口PC—Personal Computer—个人计算机PC—Perspective Correction—透视纠正PDA—Personal Digital Assistant—个人数字助理PDS—Public Directory Support—公众目录支持PE—Parameter Extract—参数提取PGC—Parallel Graphic Configuration—并行图像设置PIB—Processor In a Box—盒装处理器PIC—Programmable Interrupt Controller—可编程中断控制器PICS—Platform For Internet Content Selection—英特网内容选择平台PIM—Personal Information Management—个人信息管理系统PLCC—Plastic Leadless Chip Carrier—塑料无引脚芯片载体PLD—Programmable Logic Device—可编程逻辑器件PLL—Phase Locked Loop—锁相环PNP—Plug And Play—即插即用POF—Polymer Optical Fiber—聚合体光纤POST—Power On Self Test—开机自检PPM—Pages Per Minute—每分钟打印页数PPTP—Point To Point Tunneling Protocol—点对点通道协议PQFP—Plastic Quad Flat Package—塑料方型扁平式封装PRML—Partial Response Maximum Likelihood—最大可能部分反应PSK—Pre-Shared Key—预共享密钥PSN—Processor Serial Numbers—处理器序列号PSU—Power Supply Unit—计算机电源PSW—Program Status Word—程序状态字PXE—Per-boot Execution Environment—预启动运行环境QBM—Quad Band Memory—四倍边带内存QOS—Quality Of Service—服务质量QPA—Quad Port Acceleration—四倍接口加速RADSL—Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line—速率自适应数字用户路线RAM—Random Access Memory—内存随机存储器RARP—Reverse Address Resolution Protocol—反相地址解析协议RDF—Resource Description Framework—资源描述框架RISC—Reduced Instruction Ser Computing—精简指令集计算机RMA—Real Media Architecture—实媒体架构RNG—Random Number Generator—随即数字发生器ROB—Reorder Buffer—重新排列缓存区RPG—Role Playing Game—角色扮演游戏RPM—Revolution Per Minute—每分钟转数RRVP—Resource Reser Vation Protocol—资源保留协议RSD—Removable Storage Device—移动式存储设备RSDS—Reduced Swing Differential Single—小幅度摆动差动信号RTC—Real Time Clock—实时时钟RTL—Register Transmit Level—寄存器传输级RTSP—Real Time Streaming Protocol—实时流协议RTS—Real Time Strategy—即时战略RTS—Request To Send—需求发送SAM—Sales Available Market—可发售市场SAP—Sideband Address Port—边带寻址端口SATA—Serial Advanced Technology Attachment—串行高级技术附件SBC—South Bridge Chip—南桥芯片SBFS—Sample Boot Flag Specification—简单引导标记规范SCSI—Small Computer System Interface—小型计算机系统接口SC—Static Core—静态内核SCT—Software Compatibility Test—软件兼容性测试SDK—Software Development Kit—软件开发工具包SDRAM—Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory—同步动态随机存储器SDTV—Standard Definition Television—标准清晰度电视SEC—Single Edge Connector—单边连接器SEM—Spherical Environment Mapping—球形环境映射SET—Secure Electronic Transaction—安全电子交易SGML—Standard Generalized Markup Language—标准通用标记语言SIMD—SIngle Instruction Multi Data—单指令多数据SIV—System Information Viewer—系统信息观察SLI—Scanline Interleave—扫描线间插SMART—Self-Monitoring Analysis And Reporting Technology—自动检测、分析和报告技术SMB—System Management Bus—系统管理总线SMD—Surface Mount Device—表面安装设备SMIL—Synchronous Multimedia Integrated Language—同步多媒体集成语言SMIP—Simple Mail Transfer Protocol—简单邮件传输协议SMI—System Management Interrupt—系统管理中断SMM—System Management Mode—系统管理模式SMP—Symmetric Multi-Processing—对称式多重处理器架构SNMP—Simple Network Management Protocol—简单网络管理协议SNR—Single To Noise Rate—信噪比SOAC—System ON A Chip—系统集成多功能芯片SOC—System On Chip—片上系统SOI—Silicon On Insulator—绝缘体硅片SOS—Server Operating Systems—服务器操作系统SPD—Serial Presense Detect—串行存在检查SPEC—System Performance Evaluation Check—系统性能评估测试SPS—Shock Protection System—震动保护系统SP—Stack Pointing—堆栈指针SQRC—Square Root Calculation—平方根计算SRA—Symmetric Rendering Architecture—对称渲染架构SRR—Segment Register Rewrite—区段寄存器重写SRS—Sound Retrieval System—声音修复系统SSB—Super South Bridge—超级南桥芯片SSD—Solid State Disk—固态硬盘SSE—Streaming SIMD Extensions—单一指令多数据流扩展SSI—Small Scall Integration—小规模集成STB—Set Top Boxes—电视顶置盒STD—Suspend To Disk—磁盘唤醒STR—Suspend To RAM—内存唤醒STS—Switched Internet working Service—交换式网络互联服务SUA—Single User Account—单用户账号SVR—Switching Voltage Regulator—交换式电压调节TCA—Twin Cache Architecture—双缓冲结构TCO—Total Cost Of Ownership—拥有总成本TCP—Transmission Control Protocol—传输控制协议TCP—Transmission Control Protocol—传输控制协议TDP—Thermal Design Power—散热设计功耗TFT—Thin Film Transistor—薄膜晶体管TLB—Translate Look Side Buffers—翻译旁视缓冲器TOP—The Olympic Partner—奥林匹克全球合作伙伴TPS—Transactions Per Second—每秒处理事项数TQM—Total Quality Management—全面质量管理UART—Universal Asynchronous Receive/Transmitter—通用异步收发器UCC—Ultra Clear Coating—超清晰涂层UDMA—Ultra Direct Memory Access—高级直接内存访问UDP—User Datagram protocol—用户数据报协议UDP—User Datagram Protocol—用户数据报协议ULS—User Location Service—用户定位服务UPA—Ultra Port Architecture—超级端口结构UPS—Uninterrupted Power Supply—不间断电源USB—Universal Serial Bus—通用串行总线USDM—Unified System Diagnostic Manager—统一系统检测管理USWC—Uncacheabled Speculative Write Combination—无缓冲随即联合写操作VALU—Vector Arithmetic Logic Unit—向量算术逻辑单元VBI—Vertical Blanking Interval—垂直空白间隙VCMA—Virtual Channel Memory Architecture—虚拟通道内存结构VDM—Windows Driver Model—视窗驱动程序模块VDSL—Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Loop—甚高速数字用户环路VDT—Video Display Terminal—视频显示终端VESA—Video Electronic Standard Association—视频电子标准协会VFAT—Virtual File Allocation Table—虚拟文件分配表VFM—Wired For Management—有线管理VGA—Video Graphics Array—视频图形阵列VID—Voltage Identification Definition—电压识别认证VIP—Video Interface Port—视频接口VLIW—Very Long Instruction Word—超长指令集VLSI—Very Large Scale Integrated—超大规模集成电路VOD—Video On Demand—视频点播VPN—Virtual Private Network—虚拟局域网VPU—Vector Permutate Unit—向量排列单元VQTC—Vector-Quantization Texture Compression—向量纹理单元VRE—Voltage Reduction Enhance—增强型电压调节VRML—Virtual Reality Makeup Language—虚拟现实结构化语言VRM—Voltage Regulator Module—电压调整模块VSA—Virtual System Architecture—虚拟系统架构VSIS—Video Single Standard—视频信号标准VXML—Voice Extensible Markup Language—语音扩展标记语言WAIS—Wide Area Information Service—广义信息服务器WAN—Web Area Network—广域网WG—Wave Guide—波导合成Wi—Fi—Wireless Fidelity—无线保真WLAN—Wireless Local Area Network—无线局域网络WMI—Wired For Management Initiative—主动式管理线路WOL—Wake On Lan—局域网唤醒WPAN—Wireless Personal Area Network—无线个域网WSH—Windows Scripting Host—视窗脚本程序—World Wide Web—万维网XSL—Extensible Style Sheet Language—可扩展设计语言ZAM—Zero Administration For Windows—零管理视窗系统ECL—Emitter Couple Logic—射极耦合逻辑CAM—Content Addressable Memory—内容寻址存储器MIPS—Million Instruction Per Second—每秒处理百万级指令。

通信专业名词

BID与DIDBID(Board Inward Dialing)即(用户交换机)半自动中继方式。

企业拥有一个或几个接入电话号码；各分机只有一个由用户交换机分配的短号码，只能通过“接入号码＋分机号码”或者“接入号码＋人工转接”形式接入，即需要经过人工或自动话务台转接，分机之间可以通过短号码互相通话，不计市话费。

DID(Direct Inward Dialing)即(外线)直接拨入(用户交换机)的分机方式。

企业向电信运营商申请一个或几个号段号码；各分机拥有长短两个电话号码，即普通电话号码和普通电话号码后四位的分机号码，能通过直接拨入、“接入号码＋分机号码”、“接入号码＋人工转接”三种形式接入。

各分机之间可以通过拨打普通电话号码后四位的分机号码相互通话，不计市话费。

CENTREX 简介Centrex (CENTRal Exchange) 俗称虚拟小交换机，类似普通小交换机，相对于传统小交换机而言，它不需要您购置任何硬件设备，也不需要占用空间，CENTREX所需要的所有硬件都在电信公司的内部交换机内。

业务是电信局的交换机上，将某个社会团体用户(如公司、事业单位等)划为一个用户群，为其提供用户小交换机的功能，同时提供小交换机所不具备的更为丰富、灵活、便捷的电话通信服务。

“汇线通”用户群拥有一长一短两个电话号码；长号即外线直拔电话号码；短号即群内分机号码。

长短号并存分别使用，外来电可区别振铃。

什么是DECT技术?DECT 的英文全名是Digital Enhance Cordless Telephone，数位增强（泛欧式数位）无线电话系统（DECT），是根据泛欧地区共同通讯协定标准生产的移动产品。

泛欧式数位无线电话系统（DECT）规格发表于1992年，为欧洲的无线电话标准。

为了促销DECT至全世界，欧洲国家将DECT的[European]一字改成[Enhanced]以冲淡欧区域产的意味。

数位或增强无线电话通信系統（Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications, DECT）以超微細（Pico cell）方式在高密(Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications,DECT)以超微细（Pico cell）方式在高密度用户区提供服务，并使TDMA的技术将一个频道分割成12个语间通道，使用TDD双工模式，而每一个语音通道的编码速率为32kb/s。

通信专业名词缩写对照表

A&EM Alarm & Event Management 告警与事件治理A&VE Audio / Video Editor 音频/视频编辑器A-A Analog-Analog 模模A-D Analog-Digital 模数A/D Analog / Digital 模拟/数字A/V Audio / Video 音频/视频A/VP Audio / Video Panel 音频视频面板AA Absolute Address 绝对地址AA Access Agent 访问代理AA Arrival Angl 入射角AA Automatic Alarm call 自动报警呼叫AA Automatic Answer 自动应答AA/G Application Agent / Gateway 应用代理/网关AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting 验证、授权和帐户AAB Automatic Alternative Billing 自动更换记帐AAB Automatic Answer Back 自动应答AAC Active Address Code 有效地址码AAC Aeronautical Administrative Communication 航空治理通信AAC Automatic Alarm Call 自动报警呼叫AACS Asynchronous Address Communication System 异步地址通信系统AAD Adaptive Arithmetic Decoder 自适应算术码译码器AAE Adaptive Arithmetic Encoder 自适应算术码编码器AAF Access Adaption Function 存取自适应功能AAF Analog Antialiasing Filter 模拟防混淆滤波器AAIC Accounting Authority Identification Code 结算机构识别码AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ATM适配层AAL1 ATM Adaptation Layer 1 ATM适配层1AAL2 ATM Adaptation Layer 2 ATM适配层2AAL3/4 ATM Adaptation Layer 3/4 ATM适配层3/4AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer 5 ATM适配层5AALM ATM Adaptation Layer Module ATM适配层模块AAR Automatic Alternative Routing 自动迂回路由AARE Application Association REsponse 应用联合响应AARQ Application Association ReQuest 应用联合要求AAS Advanced Administration System 先进治理系统AAS Automatic Addressing System 自动寻址系统AAS Automatic Announcement Subsystem 自动通知子系统AAS Automatic Audio Switching system 自动音频交换系统AAT Automatic Answer Trunk 自动应答中继AATS Alerting Automatic Telling Status 自动报警状态AAU Automatic Answering Unit 自动应答单元AAVD Automatic Alternate Voice / Data 自动语音/数据交替使用AB ABbreviated dialing 缩位拨号AB Address Bus 地址总线AB Aligned Bundle 定位光纤束AB Audio Bandwidth 音频带宽ABC Address Bus Control 地址总线操纵ABC Advanced Broadband Communications 高级宽带通信ABC Analog Baseband Combiner 模拟基带合并器ABC Auto Billing Calling 自动记帐呼叫ABC Automatic Bandwidth Control 自动带宽操纵ABC Automatic Bias Compensation 自动偏置补偿ABC Automatic Bias Control 自动偏置操纵ABC Automatic Broadcasting Control system 自动广播操纵系统ABD ABbreviated Dialing 缩位拨号ABD Answer-Back Device 应答设备ABDL Automatic Binary Data Link 自动二进制数据链路ABEP Advanced Burst Error Processor 高级突发错误处理器ABER Average Bit Error Rate 平均误比特率ABF Air Blown Fiber 充气光纤ABI Application Binary Interface 应用二进制接口ABM Asynchronous Balanced Mode 异步平稳模式ABOBA Asynchronous Bidirectional Optical Branching Amplifier 不对称双向光支路放大器ABR Address Buffer Register 地址缓冲寄存器ABR Answer Bid Ratio 应答试占比ABR Area Border Router 区域边界路由器ABR Auromatic Bit Rate selection 自动比特率选择ABR Available Bit Rate 可用比特率ABS Access Barred Signal 接入受阻信号ABS Alternate Billing Service 可选计费业务ABS Antipodal Baseband Signaling 对应基带信号ABT ATM Block Transfer ATM块转移AC Access Code 存取码，接入码AC Access Concentrator 接入集中器AC Access Control 访问操纵AC Access Coupler 通路耦合器AC Access Cycle 存取周期AC Accounting Function 计费功能AC Advice of Charge 计费通知AC Application Channel 应用信道AC Application Context 应用关系AC Area Code 地区号AC Armored Cable 铠装光缆AC Asynchronous Computer 异步运算机AC Authentication Center 认证中心AC Authentication Code 认证码ACA ACcounting Analysis 结算分析ACA Adaptive Channel Allocation 自适应信道分配ACA Adjacent Channel Attenuation 相邻信道衰减ACA Automated Cable Analysis 电缆自动分析ACB Automatic Call Back 自动回叫ACC Account Card Calling 计帐卡呼叫ACC ACCounting collection 帐单收集ACC Asynchronous Communication Control 异步通信操纵ACC Automatic Carrier Control 载波自动操纵ACC Automatic Congestion Control 自动拥挤操纵ACCA ACcounting Class Administration 结算分类治理ACCH Associated Control CHannel 随路操纵信道ACCS Automatic Calling Card Service 自动呼叫卡业务ACD Automatic Call Distribution 自动呼叫分配ACD Automatic Call Distributor 自动呼叫分配器ACDMA Advanced CDMA 高级码分多址ACE Access Connection Element 接入连接单元ACE Animated Computer Education 运算机动画教育ACE Automatic Calling Equipment 自动呼叫设备ACE Auxiliary Control Element 辅助操纵单元ACF Access Control Field 访问操纵字段ACF Advanced Communications Function 高级通信功能ACF Authentication Control Function 鉴权操纵功能ACF Automatic Colour Filter 自动彩色过滤器ACH Answer CHarge 应答计费ACHI Application CHannel Interface 应用信道接口ACI Access Control Information 接入操纵信息ACI Adjacent Channel Interference 相邻信道干扰ACI Asynchronous Communication Interface 异步通信接口ACIA Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapter 异步通信接口适配器ACL Access Control List 访问操纵表ACL Advanced Communication Link 高级通信链路ACL Application Control Language 应用操纵语言ACL Authorized Component List 授权成员表ACM Access Control Module 访问操纵模块ACM Address Complete Message 地址完全消息ACM Alarm Control Module 报警操纵模块ACM Application Control Management system 应用操纵治理系统ACM Association for Computing Machinery 运算机协会(美国)ACM Automatic Coding Machine 自动编码机ACM Auxiliary Control Module 辅助操纵模块ACO Alarm Cut-Off 报警切断ACP ACtion Point 作用点ACP Agent Creation Point 代理生成点ACPM ATM Central Process Module ATM中央处理模块ACR Access Control Register 访问操纵寄存器ACR ACcounting Registration 结算登记ACR Allowed Cell Rate 承诺的信元率ACR Attenuation-to-Crosstalk Ratio 衰减串扰比ACR Automatic Call Recording 自动呼叫记录ACR Automatic Character Recognition 自动字符识别ACR Available Cell Rate 可用信元率ACR Average Cell Rate 平均信元率ACRE Automatic Call Recording Equipment 自动呼叫记录设备ACS Access Control Server 接入控降服务器ACS Access Control System 接入操纵系统ACS Admission Control Service 许可控降服务ACS Advanced Cryptographic System 高级密码系统ACS Alarm Call Service 报警呼叫业务ACS All Channel Signaling 全信道信令ACS Association Control Service element 联合控降服务单元ACS Asynchronous Communication Server 异步通信服务器ACS Audio Communication System 音频通信系统ACS Automatic Call Sender 自动呼叫发送器ACS Automatic Coding System 自动编码系统ACSE Association Control Service Element 联合操纵业务单元ACT Automatic Computer Testing 自动运算机测试ACTS Advanced Communication Technologies and Services 先进的通信技术与业务ACTTAB ACTion TABle 动作表ACU Access Control Unit 接入操纵单元ACU Automatic Calling Unit 自动呼叫装置AD Address Decoder 地址译码器AD Administrative Domain 治理域ADAC Automatic Data Acquisition Center 自动数据采集中心ADC ADdress Complete 地址完全ADC Analog-Digital Converter 模数转换器ADCC Asynchronous Data Communication Channel 异步数据通信信道ADCCP Advanced Data Communications Control Procedure 高级数据通信操纵规程ADCP Advanced Data Communication Protocol 高级数据通信协议ADE Automatic Data Entry system 自动数据输入系统ADF Authentication Data Function 鉴权数据功能ADH Asynchronous Digital Hierarchy 异步数字系列ADI ADdress Incomplete 缩位拨号ADIX Advanced Digital Information eXchange 先进的数字信息交换ADL Administration Des cription Language 治理描述语言ADL Application Development Language 应用开发语言ADL Automatic Data Link 自动数据链路ADLC Advanced Data Link Control 高级数据链路操纵ADLC Analogue-Digital Line Converter 模拟-数字线路变换器ADM Adaptive Delta Modulation 自适应增量调制ADM Add / Drop Multiplexer 分插复用器ADM Automated Data Management 自动数据治理ADN Administration Data Network 治理数据网络ADNSC Automatic Digital Network Switching Center 自动数字网交换中心ADP Acoustic Data Processor 声音数据处理器ADP Associative Data Processing 关联数据处理ADP Automatic Data Processing 自动数据处理ADP Automatic Data Processor 自动数据处理器ADPCM Adaptive Differential PCM 自适应差分脉码调制ADPLL All Digital Phase-Locked Loop 全数字式锁相环ADPS Automatic Data Processing System 自动数据处理系统ADPS Auxiliary Data Processing System 辅助数据处理系统ADR Address Digit Receiver 地址数字接收机ADR ADdress Register 地址寄存器ADR ADvisory Route 建议路由ADS Abbreviated Dialing Service 缩位拨号业务ADS Active Double Star 有源双星ADS Advanced Debugging System 先进程序调试系统ADS Advanced Display System 高级显示系统ADS Analog Display Service interface 模拟显示服务接口ADS Application Development System 应用开发系统ADS Asynchronous Data Service 异步数据业务ADS Automatic Digital Switch 自动数字交换机ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 非对称数字用户线ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop 非对称数字用户环路ADSS All-Dielectric Self-Supporting optic fiber cable 全介质自承式光缆ADT Assured Data Transfer 有保证的数据传送ADT Automatic Data Test system 自动数据测试系统ADU Automatic Dialing Unit 自动拨号装置AE Animation Editor 动画编辑器AE Application Entity 应用实体AE Audio Equipment 音频设备AES Advanced Encryption Standard 高级加密标准AEST Automated Enhanced Security Tool 自动强化安全工具AET Average Execution Time 平均执行时刻AF Access Facilities 接入设施AF Adaption Facility 适配设施AF Adaption Function 适配功能AF Assured Forwarding 可确定的转发AF Audio-Frequency 音频AF-PHB Assured Forwarding PHB group 可确定的转发PHB组AFI Authority and Format Identifier 权限和格式标识符AFI Authority Format Identifier 权限格式标记符AFIPS American Federation of Information Processing Society 美国信息处理协会联合会AFP Advanced Function Printing 先进的功能打印AFR Automatic Flexible Routing 自动可变路由AFSK Audio Frequency Shift Keying 声频频移键控AFT Adapter Fault Tolerance 适配器容错AFT Asynchronous Frame Technology 异步帧技术AG Application Gateway 应用网关AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益操纵AGCH Access Grant CHannel 接入承诺信道AGS Application Generator System 应用生成器系统AH Authentication Header 认证头AHT Average Handling Time 平均处理时刻AHT Average Holding Time 平均保持时刻AI Alarm Indication 报警指示AI Artificial Intelligence 人工智能AI Automatic Inspection 自动检验AIDS Advanced Interactive Display System 高级交互式显示系统AIFF Audio Interchange File Format 音频交换文件格式AIL Artificial Intelligence Language 人工智能语言AIL Audio Interface Library 音频接口库AIM Address Indexing Method 地址检索方法AIM Advanced Image Management system 高级图像治理系统AIM Advanced Information Manager 高级信息治理程序AIM Advanced Interface Module 高级接口模块AIM Asynchronous Interface Module 异步接口模块AIMUX ATM Inverse MUltipleXing ATM反向复用AIN Advanced Intelligent Network 高级智能网AIN Asia Internet Network 亚洲因特网网络AIRS Automatic Image Retrieval System 自动图像检索系统AIS Alarm Indication SignalAIS Automatic Information System 自动信息系统AIS Automatic Intercept System 自动截取系统AIU Alarm Interface Unit 告警接口装置AIU ATM Interface Unit ATM接口单元AIX Advanced Interactive eXecutive 高级交互执行程序AL Address Line 地址线AL Application Layer 应用层AL Audio Language 音频语言AL Audio Library 音频库ALAN Advanced Local Area Network 高级局域网ALB Automatic Loop Back 自动回环ALC Analog Line Card 模拟用户线插件ALE Automatic Laser Encoder 自动激光编码器ALE Automatic Link Establishment 自动链路建立ALI Asynchronous Line Interface 异步线路接口ALIM ATM Line Interface Module ATM线路接口模块ALP Automated Learning Process 自动学习过程ALS Automated Location System 自动定位系统ALT Algorithmic Learning Theory 算法学习理论ALT Automatic Line Test 自动线路测试AM Access Module 接入模块AM Address Mark 地址标记AM-VSB Amplitude Modulation Vestigial Side-Band 残留边带振幅调制AMA Action Media Adapter 自动媒体适配器AMA Automatic Message Accounting 自动信息计费AMC Alternate Media Center 备用媒体中心AMC ATM inter-Module Connector ATM模块间连接器AMCP Advanced Multimedia Communication Protocol 高级多媒体通信协议AMCR Adaptive Multimedia Communication Routing 自适应多媒体通信路由算法AMES ATM Mobility Extension Service ATM移动性扩展服务AMF Authentication Management Function 认证治理功能AMHS Automatic Message Handling System 自动信息处理系统AMI Alternative Mark Inversion 传号交替取反AMIS Audio Message Interactive Specification 声讯交互规范AMME Automatic Multi-Media Exchange 自动多媒体交换机AMPE Automated Message Processing Exchange 自动信息处理交换机AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System 高级移动系统AMR Adaptive Multiple Rate 自适应多速率AMSIA AV Multimedia Service Implementation Agreement 音像多媒体业务执行协议AN Access Network 接入网AN Access Node 接入节点AN Active Network 有源网络AN Active Node 有源节点ANAS ATM Network Access Subsystem ATM网接入子系统ANCC Access Network Control Center 接入网操纵中心AND Automatic Network Dialing 自动网络拨号ANI Automatic Number Identification 自动号码识别ANM ANnouncement Machine 录音通知机ANMP Account Network Management Program 帐目网络治理程序ANN Artificial Neural Network 人工神经网络ANS Access Network System 接入网系统ANSA Advanced Network System Architecture 高级网络系统体系结构ANSI American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准协会ANSS Access Network Support System 接入网支持系统ANTC Advanced Network Test Center 高级网络测试中心AO Automated Office 自动化办公室AOC Advice Of Charge 计费通知AOC All-Optical Communication 全光通信AOD Active Optical Device 有源光器件AOF Active Optical Fiber 有源光纤AON Active Optical Network 有源光网AON All Optical Network 全光网络AOS Advanced Operating System 高级*作系统AP Access Point 接入点AP Access Protocol 访问协议AP Analysis Point 分析点APCM Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation 自适应脉码调制APD Avalanche Photo Diode 雪崩光电二极管APDU Application Protocol Data Unit 应用协议数据单元APE Adaptive Prencdictive Encoding 自适应推测编码APE Animation Production Environment 动画制造环境API Application Program Interface 应用编程接口APII Asia Pacific Information Infrastructure 亚太信息基础设施APMT Asia Pacific satellite Mobile Telecommunication 亚太卫星移动通信系统APON ATM Passive Optical Network ATM无源光纤网APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking 高级对等联网APS Automatic Protection Switching 自动爱护切换APSK Amplitude Phase Shift Keying 幅相键控APU Audio Processing Unit 音频处理单元APWS Automation Placement Wiring Subsystem 自动化布局布线子系统AR Address Register 地址寄存器AR Alternate Route 迂回路由AR Artificial Reality 人工现实ARC Administrative Radio Conference 无线电治理会议ARF Access link Relay Function 接入链路转接功能ARM Asynchronous Response Mode 异步响应模式ARP Address Resolution Protocol 地址解析协议ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency NET (美国)高级研究打算局网ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest 自动要求重复ARR Automatic ReRouting 自动重选路由ARS Auto Rate Selection 自动速率选择ARS Auto Response System 自动响应系统AS Absent-Subscriber 缺席用户AS Activity Scanning 活动扫描AS Anti-Spoofing 反电子欺诈AS Assured Service 确保服务AS Authentication Server 认证服务器AS Autonomous System 自治系统ASAP Application Service Access Point 应用业务接入点ASB Asymmetric Switched Broadband 非对称宽带交换ASBR Autonomour System Border Router 自治域边界路由器ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息交换标准码ASD Automatic Synchronized Discriminator 自动同步鉴别器ASE Amplified Spontaneous Emission 放大自发辐射ASE Application Service Element 应用业务单元ASE Application System Entity 应用系统实体ASE ATM Switching Element ATM交换元件ASF Air-Supported Fiber 空气间隙光缆ASI Alternate Space Inversion 隔位空号翻转ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit 专用集成电路ASIM ASynchornous Interface Module 异步接口模块ASK Amplitude Shift Keying 幅移键控ASLC Analog Subscriber Line Circuit 模拟用户线电路ASM ATM Switching Mode ATM交换模式ASN ATM Switching Network ATM交换网ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One 抽象语法表示法1ASNA ATM-based Signaling Network Architecture 基于ATM的信令网络结构ASP Active Server Pages 动态服务器主页ASP Advanced Speech Processing 高级语音处理ASP Analog Signal Processor 模拟信号处理器ASP Application Service Provider 应用服务供应商ASQS Application Specific Quality of Service 专用质量服务ASR Access Service Request 访问服务要求ASR Automated Speech Recognition 自动语音识别ASR Automatic Speech Retrival 自动语音检索ASS Audio SubSystem 音频子系统ASSP Application Specific Standard Product 专用标准产品AST Asynchronous Shared Terminal 异步共享终端AST Authoring Software Tools 多媒体编辑软件工具ASU ATM Service Unit ATM业务单元ASU ATM Subscriber Unit ATM用户单元ASV ATM-based Scalable Video 基于ATM的可控视频ASVD Analog Synchronous Voice Data 模拟同步语音数据ASW Acoustic Surface Wave 声表面波ASYI ASYnchronous Interface 异步接口AT Acceptance Test 验收试验AT Analog Trunk 模拟中继ATA Asynchronous Terminal Adapter 异步终端适配器ATA Automatic Trouble Analysis 自动故障分析ATBM Average Time Between Maintenance 平均修理间隔时刻ATC Adaptive Transform Coding 自适应变换编码ATC ATM Transfer Capability ATM的传递能力ATD Asynchronous Time Division 异步时分ATDM Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing 异步时分复用ATI Alarm Transmission Interface 报警传输接口ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service 自动终端信息服务ATL Active Template Library 活动样板库吐血举荐通信英语缩语手册〔ATM-AXC〕ATM Asynchronous Trunk Module 异步中继模块ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步转移模式ATM Automatic Telling Machine 自动柜员机ATM-NIC ATM-Network Interface CardATM 网络接口卡ATM-PON ATM-Passive Optical Network ATM无源光网络ATM-SDU ATM-Service Data Unit ATM业务数据单元ATM-SLIC ATM-Subscriber Line Interface Circuit ATM用户线接口电路ATM-SW ATM SWitch ATM交换(机)ATM-UNI ATM-User Network Interface ATM用户网接口ATM-XC ATM-CrosS-Connect ATM交叉连接ATME Automatic Transmission Measuring Equipment 自动传输测量设备ATMOS ATM Optical Switching ATM光交换ATN Addition Transition Network 增强转移网络ATN Augmented Transition Network 扩充转移网络ATPG Automatic Test Pattern Generator 自动测试码生成程序ATRAC Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding 自适应变换域声音编码ATS Automatic Testing System 自动测试系统ATS Automatic Translation System 自动翻译系统ATS Automatic Tuning System 自动调谐系统ATT Address Translation Table 地址转换表ATT Automatic Test Terminal 自动测试终端ATU-C ADSL Transceiver Unit-Centrol office ADSL收发单元局端ATU-R ADSL Transceiver Unit-Remote terminal ADSL收发单元远程终端AU Access Unit 访问(接入)单元AU Adapter Unit 适配单元AU Administrative Unit 治理单元AU Authentication of User 用户认证AUAP AU Access Point 接入单元的接入点AUC AUthentication Center 认证中心AUI Attachment Unit Interface 连接单元接口AUM Asynchronous User Module 异步用户模块AUP Acceptable Use Policy 可同意使用策略AUPTR Administration Unit PoinTeR 治理单元指针AUTZC AUThoriZation Code 鉴别码A V Analog Video 模拟视频A V Analog Voice 模拟话音A V Audio-Visual 视听A VC Audio for Video-Conferencing 会议电视用的音频A VC Audio Visual Connection 音像连接A VC Aural and Visual Code 听觉与视觉信号编码A VCD Audio Video Compression Disk 音频视频压缩光盘A VD Alternate Vocie and Data 交变语音和数据A VD Audio Video Driver 音视频驱动器A VDS Automatic Voice Data Switching 自动语音数据交换A VDSP Audio Video Data Signal Processor 音视频数据信号处理器A VE Audio Video Engine 音视频引擎A VI Audio Video Interactive 音视频交互作用A VI Audio Video Interlaced 音视频数据交叉(交错)A VI Audio Video Interleave 音视频交替A VID Advanced Visual Information Display 高级视频信息显示A VIS Audio-Visual Information System 视听信息系统A VIS Audio-Visual Interaction Service 视听交互业务A VK Audio Video Kernel 音频视频核心A VL Audio Video Library 音频视频库A VLN Automated Vehicle Location and Navigation 自动车辆定位和导航A VM Audio-Visual Modulator 音像调制器A VP Advanced Video Products 先进的视频产品A VP Analog Video Processor 模拟视频处理器A VP Audio-Video Processor 音频-视频处理器A VR Automatic Voice Recognition 自动话音识别A VR Automatic Voice Relay 自动话音中继A VS Aided Video System 辅助视频系统A VS Application Visualization System 应用可视化系统A VS Audio / Video Server 音像服务器A VSS Audio Video SubSystem 音频视频子系统A VSS Audio Vidio Support System 音频视频支撑系统AWA ATM Wireless Access ATM无线接入AW ACS ATM Wireless Access Communiction System ATM无线接入通信系统AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise 加性高斯白噪声AXC ATM CrosS Connect ATM交叉连接吐血举荐：通信英语缩语手册〔B〕B-BCC Broadband Bearer Connection Control 宽带承载连接操纵B-DCN Backbone Data Communication Network 骨干数据通信网B-ET Broadband Exchange Termination 宽带交换终端B-ISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network 宽带综合业务数字网B-NT Broadband Network Termination 宽带网络终端B-TA Broadband Terminal Adaptor 宽带终端适配器B-TE Broadband Terminal Equipment 宽带终端设备B-UNI Broadband User Network Interface 宽带用户网接口B2B Business to Business 企业到企业(电子商务)B2C Business to Consumer 企业到消费者(电子商务)BA Bandwidth Allocation 带宽分配BA Basic Access 差不多接入BA Building Automation 楼宇自动化BA Business Audio 商用音频BAC Bus Adapter Control 总线适配器操纵BACP Broadband Assign Control Protocol 带宽分配操纵协议BACP Broadcasting Authorization Control Protocol 广播授权操纵协议BAICD Blind Anchored Interference-Cancelling Detector 盲区固定消干扰探测器BAP Basic Audio Processor 差不多音频处理器BAP Broadband Access Point 宽带接入点BAR Base Address Register 基地址寄存器BAS Bit-rate Allocation Signal 比特率分配信号BAS Broadband Access Server 宽带接入服务器BAS Building Automation System 楼宇设备自动化系统BAT Bandwidth Allocation Threshold 带宽分配阈值BATE Baseband Adaptive Transversal Equalizer 基带自适应横向均衡器BATMAN Banyan ATM Architectural Network 榕树ATM结构网络(局域网串联) BAU Broadband Access Unit 宽带接入设备BBA BroadBand Access 宽带接入BBCC BroadBand Communication Channel 宽带通信信道BBE Background Block Error 背景误块BBE Better than Best-Effort service 优于尽力型业务BBER Background Block Error Ratio 背景误块比BBM BaseBand Modem 基带调制解调器BBN BroadBand Network 宽带网BBS Bulletin Board Service 公告板服务BBS Bulletin Board System 公告板系统BBU Bandwidth Based Unit 基于带宽的单元BBX Base Band eXchange 基带交换BC Bearer Capability 承载能力BC Bearer Channel 承载信道BC Bearer Circuit 承载电路BC Bearer Control 承载操纵BC Billing Center 计帐中心BCC Bearer Channel Connection 承载信道连接BCC Bearer Connection Control 承载连接操纵BCC Block Character Check 块特性校验BCC Blocked Call Cleared 堵塞呼叫清除BCC Broadband Communication Channel 宽带通信信道BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel 广播操纵信道BCCP Bearer Channel Control Protocol 承载信道操纵协议BCD Binary Coded Decimal 二进编码十进制BCDS Broadband Connectionless Data Service 宽带无连接数据服务BCF Bearer Control Function 载体操纵功能BCH Broadcast CHannel 广播信道BCM Basic Call Management 差不多呼叫治理BCN Broadband Communication Network 宽带通信网BCP Basic Call Processing 差不多呼叫处理BCPN Business Customer Premises Network 商业用户驻地网BCS Block Check Sequence 块校验序列BCSM Basic Call State Model 差不多呼叫状态模型BCT Bandwidth Coding Technique 带宽编码技术BCT Bandwidth Compression Technique 带宽压缩技术BCT Basic Color Term 差不多色彩项BCU Basic Communication Unit 差不多通信单元BCUSM Basic Call Unrelated State Model 呼叫不相关的状态模型BDB Bidirectional Data Bus 双向数据总线BDFC Bi-Directional Fiber-Coax 双向光纤-同轴线BDGP Broadcasting Data packet Grouping Protocol 广播数据包分组协议BDI Business Data Interchange 商务数据交换BDSL Broadband DSL 宽带数字用户线BDSL Broadcast DSL 广播数字用户线BE Best-Effort service 尽力型业务BEC Backward Error Correction 后向纠错BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification 后向显示拥塞操纵BER Bit Error Rate 误比特率BERT Bit Error Rate Testing 误比特率测试BEX Broadband EXchange 宽带交换BF Base Frame 基帧BFCFC Broadcast Feedback Channel Flow Control 广播反馈信道流操纵BFT Binary File Transfer 二进制文件传送BFTP Broadcasting File Transfer Protocol 广播文件传送协议BG Base Group 基群BG Border Gateway 边界网关BGF Basic Global Function 差不多全局功能BGP Border Gateway Protocol 边界网关协议BGP4 Border Gateway Protocol version 4 边界网关协议第4版BGV Back Ground Video 背景视像BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempt 忙时试呼BHCA Busy Hour Calling Amount 忙时呼叫次数BHM Basic Hypermedia Model 差不多超媒体模型BI Bus Interface 总线接口BI Business Intelligence 商业情报BIB Backward Indicator Bit 反向指示比特BIC Bearer Identification Code 承载信道识别码BIDS Broadband Integrated Distribution Star network 宽带综合分配星形网BIGFON Broadband InteGrated Fiber Optic Network 宽带综合光纤通信网BIL Bus Interface Logic 总线接口逻辑BIN Business Information Network 商业信息网络BIP-ISDN Broadband, Intelligent and Personalized ISD 宽带化、智能化和个人化的ISDN BIPS Billion Instructions Per Second 十亿条指令/秒BIS Business Information System 商业信息系统BISUP Broadband ISDN User Part 宽带ISDN用户部分BITS Building Integrated Timing System 大楼综合定时系统BIU Basic Information Unit 差不多信息单元BLER BLock Error Rate 误块率BLNT Broadband Local Network Technology 宽带局部网技术BLP Bypass Label Processing 旁路标号处理BLR BLocking Request 堵塞要求BLS Broadband Local Switch 宽带市话(本地)交换BLU Basic Link Unit 差不多链路单元BM Bandwidth Manager 带宽治理器BM Buffer Memory 缓冲储备器BMA Block Matching Algorithm 块匹配算法BMC Bus Master Controller 总线主操纵器BMP Billing Management Poin 计费治理点BMS Billing and Management System 计费和治理系统BMS Building Management System 楼宇治理系统BMTS Bandwidth Manager and Traffic Scheduler 带宽治理和业务调度程序BMU Basic Measurement Unit 差不多测量单位BN Backbone Network 骨干网BN Balancing Network 平稳网络BNN Boundary Network Node 边界网络结点BNS Broadband Network Services 带宽网络服务BO-EOC Bit-Oriented Embedded Operations Channel 面向比特的嵌入式*作信道BOA Basic Object Adapter 差不多对象适配器BOAN Business-oriented Optical Access Network 面向企业的光接入网BOD Bandwidth On Demand 按需提供带宽BOM Beginning Of Message 报文开始BON Building-Out Network 附加网络BONI Basic Optical Network Interface 差不多光网接口BONT Broadband Optical Network Terminal 宽带光网络终端BOP Beginning Of Packet 分组信息开始BOP Bit-Oriented Protocol 面向比特的协议BOS Basic Operating System 差不多*作系统BP Back Propagation 反向传播BPA Back Propagation Algorithm 反向传播算法BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Units 桥式协议数据单元BPF Band Pass Filter 带通泸波器BPI Bit Per Inch 比特/英寸BPON Broadband Passive Optical Network 宽带无源光网络BPR Business Process Reengineering 业务流程重组BPS Bits Per Second 比特/秒BPSS Basic Packet Switched System 差不多的分组交换系统BPX Broadband Packet eXchange 宽带分组交换BR Backward Reporting 后向报告BR Bandwidth Renegotiation 带宽和谐BR Border Router 边界路由器BRA Basic Rate Access 差不多速率接入BRAN Broadband Radio Access Network 宽带无线接入网BRF Bandwidth Request Field 带宽要求字段BRI Basic Rate Interface 差不多速率接口BRI-ISDN Basic Rate Interface-ISDN 差不多速率接口-ISDNBRP Bandwidth Request PDU 带宽要求协议数据单元BRP Basic Reservation Protocol 差不多预留协议BRSU Broadband Remote Switch Unit 宽带远端交换单元BS Base Station 基站BS Beam Splitter 分光器BS Broadcast Satellite 广播卫星BS Bus System 总线系统BSAP Broadband Service Access Point 宽带业务接入点BSC Base Station Controller 基站操纵器BSD Base Station Demodulator 基站解调器BSIC Base Station Identification Code 基站标识码BSL Buried Service Lightguide cable 埋式光缆BSM Backward Set-up Message 反向建立消息BSM Base Station Manager 基站治理系统BSM Base Station Modulator 基站调制器BSN Backward Sequence Number 反向序号BSN Broadband Service Node 宽带业务节点BSN Broadcast and Select Network 广播及选择网络BSP Bulk-Synchronous Parallel 大容量同步并行BSS Base Station Subsystem 基站子系统BSS Base Station System 基站系统BSS Broadband Switching System 宽带交换系统BSS Broadcast Satellite Service 广播卫星业务BSS Bulk Storage System 大容量储备系统BSSGP BSS GPRS Protocol BSS GPRS协议BSU Base Station Unit 基站单元BSU Bearer Switchover Unit 承载切换单元BSU Bypass Switch Unit 旁路转换单元BSVC Broadcast Signaling Virtual Channel 广播信令虚通道BTCP Broadcasting Transfer Control Protocol 广播传送操纵协议BTP Bulk Transfer Protocol 成批转移协议BTS Base Transceiver Station 基地收发信机站BTU Basic Transmission Unit 差不多传输单元BU Branching Unit 支路单元BUS Broadcast and Unknown Server 广播与未知地址服务器BUTICS BUilding Total Information and Control System 楼宇全信息及操纵系统BW Both Way 双向BWA Broadband Wireless Access 宽带无线接入BWDM Bandpass Wavelength Division Multiplexer 带通波分复用器BWLL Broadband Wireless Local Loop 宽带无线本地环路BWR BandWidth Radio 带宽比BWSC Broadband Wireless Service Center 宽带无线业务中心BWT BothWay Trunk 双向中继BWU BandWidth Utilization 带宽利用吐血举荐：通信英语缩语手册〔CLLM-CG〕C&C Computer & Communication 运算机与通信C/D Coder / Decoder 编码器/译码器C/N Carrier-to-Noise ratio 载噪比C/R Command / Response (bit) 命令/响应(比特)C2B Customer to Business 消费者到企业(电子商务)C3(3C) Computer, Communication, Control 运算机、通信、操纵C3I Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence 指挥、操纵、通信和情报C4I Command, Control, Communication, Computer and Intelligence 指挥、操纵、通信、运算机和情报C5(5C) Computer, Communication, Content, Customer and Control 运算机、通信、容量、顾客和操纵C7 CCITT No.7 signaling CCITT七号信令CA Call Agent 呼叫代理CA Certificate Authority 认证中心CA Charging Analysis 计费分析CA Collision Avoidance 碰撞防止CA Communication Automation 通信自动化CA Congestion Avoidance 拥塞防止CAA Computer Assisted Animation 运算机辅助动画CAAD Computer Aided Architecture Design 运算机辅助结构设计CAAS Computer-Assisted Animation System 运算机辅助动画系统CAC Call Admission Control 呼叫承诺操纵CAC Computer Aided Creating 运算机辅助创意CAC Computer Assisted Composition 运算机辅助创作(作曲)CAC Computer-Assisted Counseling 运算机辅助咨询CAC Connection Admission Control 连接承诺操纵CAD Computer Aided Design 运算机辅助设计CAD Computer-Aided Diagnosis 运算机辅助诊断CAE Computer-Aided Education 运算机辅助教育CAE Computer-Aided Engineering 运算机辅助工程CAE Customer Application Engineering 用户应用工程CAI Common Air Interface 公共空中接口CAI Computer-Aided Instruction 运算机辅助教学CAI Computer-Assisted Interrogation 运算机辅助咨询CAIRS Computer-Assisted Information Retrieval System 运算机辅助情报检索系统CAL Computer-Assisted Learning 运算机辅助学习CAM Computer Added Manufacturing 运算机辅助制造CAM Core Access Module 核心接入模块CAMC Customer Access Maintenance Center 用户接入爱护中心CAMEL Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic 移动增强逻辑的特定用户应用CAMPER Computer Aided Movie PERspectives 运算机辅助电影画面制作CAN Cable Area Network 缆区网络CAN Campus Area Network 校园区域网络CAN City Area Network 市区网络CAN Compact Access Node 密集的接入结点CAN Customer Access Network 用户接入网CAP Cable Access Point 纤缆接入点CAP Carrierless Amplitude Phase 无载波幅相(调制)CAP Channel Assignment Problem 信道分配问题CAP Competitive Access Provider 相互竞争的接入提供商CAPTAIN Character And Pattern Telephone Access Information Network system 图文信息网络系统CAR Channel Assignment Register 信道分配寄存器CAR Committed Access Rate 承诺的接入速率CAR Computer-Assisted Retrieval 运算机辅助检索CARD Channel Allocation and Routing Data 信道分配与路由选择数据CAS Channel Associated Signaling 随路信令CASE Common Application Service Element 公共应用服务单元CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering 运算机辅助软件工程CASE Computer Aided Systems Evaluation 运算机辅助系统评判CAT Computer Aided Testing 运算机辅助测试。

atmp的un编码

atmp的un编码ATMP（Asynchronous Transfer Mode Protocol）是一种通信协议，用于在高速网络中进行数据传输。

在ATMP协议中，UN编码是一种特定的编码方式，用于将用户数据单元（User-Network Interface Data Unit，简称UNI-DU）转换为网络数据单元（Network-Network Interface Data Unit，简称NNI-DU）。

下面我将从多个角度来解释ATMP的UN编码。

首先，UN编码是ATMP协议中的一种编码方式，用于将UNI-DU转换为NNI-DU。

UNI-DU是用户在ATM网络中发送或接收的数据单元，而NNI-DU是在ATM网络中进行路由和交换的数据单元。

UN编码的目的是确保数据在ATM网络中的可靠传输和正确解析。

其次，UN编码包括多个步骤。

首先，UNI-DU被分割为固定大小的单元，称为ATM单元（ATM Cells）。

每个ATM单元包含一个5字节的头部和48字节的有效载荷。

接下来，UN编码将UNI-DU的有效载荷进行压缩和编码，以便在ATM网络中进行传输。

编码过程包括差错校验、信道编码和调制等步骤。

此外，UN编码还涉及到流量控制和拥塞控制。

流量控制是指在ATM网络中控制数据的传输速率，以避免网络拥塞和数据丢失。

拥塞控制是指在ATM网络中监测和管理网络的拥塞状态，以保证数据的正常传输。

UN编码通过在ATM单元中添加流量控制和拥塞控制的相关字段，实现对数据传输的控制和管理。

总结起来，ATMP的UN编码是一种将用户数据单元转换为网络数据单元的编码方式。

它通过分割、压缩和编码等步骤，确保数据在ATM网络中的可靠传输和正确解析。

同时，UN编码还涉及到流量控制和拥塞控制，以保证网络的稳定性和数据的正常传输。

这是关于ATMP的UN编码的多角度全面解释。

通信原理专业英文词汇

频分双工
FDM
Frequency Division Multiplexing
频分复用
FDMA
Frequency Division Multiple Access
频分多址
FEC
Forward Error Correction
前向纠错
Fed
Free Euclidean Distance
自由欧式距离
FH
Frequency-Hopping
网络节点接口
NRZ
Non Return-to-Zero
不归零
OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
正交频分复用
OSI/RM
the Reference Model of Open Systems Interconnection
开放系统互联参考模型
OOK
低密度奇偶校验
LED
Light-Emitting Diode
发光二极管
LPC
Linear Prediction coding
线性预测编码
LPF
Lowpass Filter
低通滤波器
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
城域网
MASK
M-ary AmplitudeShift Keying
离散傅里叶变换
(FFT
Fast Fourier Transform
快速傅里叶变换)
DM( )
Delta Modulation
增量调制
DPCM
Differential Pulse Code Modulation
差分脉（冲编）码调制

MSTP技术概述

7
光纤通信原理与设备
1 MSTP技术简介
一般认为，MSTP技术发展可以划分为三个阶段。第一代MSTP的特点是提供以太网点到点透传。它是将以太网信号直接映射到SDH的虚容器（VC）中进行点到点传送。在提供以太网透传租线业务时，由于业务粒度受限于VC，一般最小为2Mbit/s。因此，第一代MSTP还不能提供不同以太网业务的QoS区分、流量控制、多个以太网业务流的统计复用和带宽共享以及以太网业务层的保护等功能。
4
光纤通信原理与设备
1 MSTP技术简介
MSTP是“Multi-Service Transport Platform”的缩写
SDH的多业务传送节点是指：基于SDH平台，同时实现TDM、以太网、ATM等业务的接入、处理和传送，提供统一网管的多业务节点
表5-1 PDH的复用速率等级
5
光纤通信原理与设备
1 MSTP技术简介
1.5 MSTP的技术优势（1）现阶段大量用户的需求还是固定带宽专线，主要是2Mbit/s、10/100Mbit/s、34Mbit/s、155M bit/s。对于这些专线业务，大致可以划分为固定带宽业务和可变带宽业务。对于固定带宽业务，MSTP设备从SDH那里集成了优秀的承载、调度能力，对于可变带宽业务，可以直接在MSTP设备上提供端到端透明传输通道，充分保证服务质量，可以充分利用MSTP的二层交换和统计复用功能共享带宽，节约成本，同时使用其中的VLAN划分功能隔离数据，用不同的业务质量等级（CoS）来保障重点用户的服务质量。
IMA汇聚和统计复用等ATM新功能将更好地满足运营商ATM业务应用需求
28
光纤通信原理与设备
2 MSTP相关技术
支持CBR、rt-VBR、nrt-VBR、UBR业务类型支持VP/VC交换，两种交换可共存支持端口VPI和VCI数目的动态配置

网络相关名词汇总

Frequency Hopping CDMA
2.5.5
47
58
PVC
永久虚电路
Permanent Virtual Circuit
2.6.3
52
59
SVC
交换虚电路
Switched Virtual Circuit
2.6.3
52
60
FR
帧中继
Frame Relay
2.6.4
52
61
ATM
异步传播模式
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
1.6.3
21
40
CCITT
国际电报电话咨询委员会
Consultative Committee International Telegraph and Telephone
1.6.3
22
41
FDM
频分多路复用
Frequency Division Multiplexing
2.2.2
27
42
TDM
时分多路复用
stored media
4.6.1
124
113
流媒体
streaming
4.6.1
124
114
连续播出
2.4.2
40
50
FSK
频移键控法
Frequency-Shift Keying
2.4.2
40
51
PSK
相移键控法
Phase-Shift Keying
2.4.2
40
52
QAM
正交振幅调制
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
2.4.2

ATM——精选推荐

异步传输模式概述异步传输模式（Asynchronous Transfer Mode，A TM）是基于信元交换的虚电路传输模式。

A TM综合了电路交换和分组交换的特点：a)面向连接；b)53字节的固定长度信元；c)统计复用，在交换中体现为时分交换，通过排队机制实现。

信元结构A TM的信元首部分为用户网络接口（User-Network Interface，UNI）和网络间接口（Network-Network Interface，NNI）2种格式。

图 1 ATM信元结构a)通用流量控制（Generic Flow Control，GFC）：4比特，仅用于UNI接口，当信元经过第一台A TM交换设备时，GFC域被覆盖。

GFC保留用于A TM交换设备之间的流量控制，或标识共享介质网路中的不同接入，目前置为0000。

b)虚通路标识（Virtual Path Identification，VPI）：NNI为12比特，UNI为8比特。

因此A TM交换设备可以最多与212=4096个A TM网络设备建立虚电路连接，与28=256个A TM用户终端建立虚电路连接。

c)虚信道标识（Virtual Channel Identification，VCI）：16个比特，2个A TM设备之间最多可以建立216=65536个虚信道。

VPI和VCI组合标识一个虚连接。

d)净负荷类型（Payload Type，PT）：3比特，用于指示信元有效载荷的类型。

e)信元丢失优先级（Cell Loss Prioriyt，CLP）：1比特，用于拥塞控制。

传输超限时，首先丢弃CLP=1的低优先级信元。

f)首部差错控制（Header Error Control，HEC）：8比特，用于信元首部的错误检测。

服务类型A TM定义了一些列QoS参数，用户和供应商可以协商确定参数值。

a)固定比特率业务固定比特率业务（Contanst Bit Rate，CBR）支持对时延变化要求较高的实时业务，但不局限于这些业务。

网络常用术语缩写

网络常用术语缩写(A~E)A3GPP（The 3rd Generation Partnership Project，第三代移动通信伙伴项目）AAL层（ATM Adaptation Layer，ATM适配层）ABM（Asynchronous Balanced Mode，异步平衡方式）ABR（Avaliable Bit Rate，可用比特率业务）AC（Access Control，访问控制）ACK（Acknowledgment，确认）ACL（Access Control Lists，访问控制列表）ACL链路（Asynchronous Connection-Less，异步无连接链路）ACSE（Association Control Service Element，连接控制服务元素）Active Directory（活动目录）ADCCP（Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure，高级数据通信控制过程）address overloading（地址超载）ADS（Active Directory Service，活动目录服务）ADSL（Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line，非对称数字用户线路）AES（Advanced Encryption Standard，高级加密标准）AH（Authentication Header，身份验证头）AM（Amplitude Modulation，调幅）AMI（Alternate Mark Inversion，信号交替反转码）AMPS（Advanced Mobile Phone System，先进移动电话系统）AP（Access Point，无线访问点）ARM（Asynchronous Response Mode，异步响应方式）ARP（Address Resolution Protocol，地址转换协议）ARPA（Advanced Research Project Agency，高级研究计划局）ARQ（Automatic Repeat Request，自动请求重发方式）AS（Autonomous System，自治系统）ASIC（Application Specific Integrated Circuit，专用集成电路）ASK（Amplitude Shift Keying，幅移键控）ASP（Active Server Page，活动服务器页面）ATM交换（Asynchronous Transfer Mode Switching，异步传输模式交换）ATM（Asynchronous Transfer Mode，异步传输模式）ATU-C（ADSL Termination Unit-Central，中央ADSL终结单元）ATU-R（ADSL Termination Unit-Remote，远端ADSL终结单元）BB/S（Browser / Server，浏览器/ 服务器模型）B/W/D（Browser / Web Server / Database Server，浏览器/ 网站服务器/ 数据库服务器）模型Bc（Committed Burst，承诺突发量）BCA（Brand Certificate Authority，品牌认证中心）BDR（Backup Designated Router，备份指定路由器）Be（Excess Burst，超突发量）BECN（Backward Explicit Congestion Notification，后向显式拥塞通知）BGMP（Border Gateway Multicast Protocol，边界网关组播协议）BGP（Border Gateway Protocol，边界网关协议）B-ICI（B-ISDN Inter-Carrier Interface，B-ISDN内部载波接口）BIS（Boundary Intermediate System，边界中间系统）B-ISDN（Broad-band Intergrated Services Digital Network，宽带ISDN）BITS（Bump-In-The-Stack，堆栈插件）BITW（Bump-In-The-Wire，线路插件）BOOTP（Bootstrap Protocol，引导协议）BPDU（Bridge Protocol Data Unit，网桥协议数据单元）BRI（Basic Rate Interface，基本速率接口）BS（Basic Station，基站）BSI（British Standards Institute，英国标准协会）BSS（Basic Service Set，基本服务集）BUS（Broadcast / Unknown Server，广播和未知服务器）CC/S（Client / Server，客户/ 服务器模型）CA（Certificate Authority，认证中心）CAC（Call Admission Control，呼叫准入控制）CAP（Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation，无载波幅度相位调制）CAP调制（Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation，无载波幅度相位调制）CATV（Community Antenna Television，有线电视）CBR（Constant Bit Rate，固定比特率业务）CC （Common Criteria，通用标准）CCK（Complementary Code Keying, 补偿编码键控）CCU（Communication Control Unit，通信控制单元）CDDI（Copper Distributed Data Interface ，铜缆分布式数据接口）CDK（Conbined Double Key，组合双钥）CDMA（Code Distribute Multiple Access，码分多址）CDV（Cell Delay Variation，信元延迟变化）CDVT（Cell Variation Delay tolerance，信元可变延迟极值）CER（Cell Error Ratio，信元错误比例）CERN（Conseil European Pour Recherches Nucleaires，【法文】欧洲量子物理实验室）CGI（common gate interface，公共网关接口）CHAP（Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol，挑战握手认证协议）CIDR（Classless Inter-Domain Routing，无类域间路由）CIR（Committed Information Rate，承诺信息速率）CL（Circuit Layer，电路层）CLNP （ConnectionLess Network Protocol ，无连接网络协议：OSI网络模型中提供无连接的数据服务）CLNS（Connectionless Network Services，无连接网络服务）CLP（Cell Loss Priority，信元丢失优先级）CLR（Cell Loss Ratio，信元丢失比例）CMIP（Common Management Information Protocol，公共管理信息协议）CMIS（Common Management Information Service，公共管理信息服务）CMOT（Common Management Over TCP/IP，TCP/IP协议上的公共管理协议）CMR（Cell Misinsertion Ratio，信元错误目的地比例）CMTS（Cable Modem Termination System，电缆调制解调器终端系统）COM（Components Object Model，组件对象模型）CORBA（Common Object Request Broker Architecture，公共对象请求代理体系结构）CPE（Customer Premises Equipment，用户屋内设备）CPK（Conbined Public Key，组合公钥）CPN（Customer Premise Network，用户驻地网）CPS（Common Part Sublayer，MAC子层的公共部分）CRC（Cyclic Redundancy Code，循环冗余码）CRL（Certificate Revocation List，证书撤消表）CR-LDP（Constraint-based LDP，基于路由受限标签分发协议）CS（Circuit Switched Domain，电路交换域）CS（Convergence Sublayer，传输会聚子层）CSCW（Computer Supported Cooperative Work，计算机支持的协同工作）CSLIP（Comprss SLIP，压缩串行线路IP）CSMA/CA（Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance，载波侦听多路访问/冲突避免）CSMA/CD（Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection，带冲突检测的载波监听多路访问）CSNP（Complete Sequence Number PDU，完全序号PDU）CSU（Channel Service Unit，信道服务单元）CS子层（Convergence Sublayer，汇集子层）CTD（Cell Transfer Delay，信元传送延迟）DDA（Destination address，目的地址）DACS（Digital Access and Cross-connect System，数字存取交叉连接交换系统）DAMPS（Digital Adanced Mobile Phone System，数字高级移动电话系统）DARPA（Defense Advanced Research Project Agency，美国国防部高级研究计划局）DAS（Direct Attached Storage，直接连接存储）DAS（Dual Attachment Station, 双连接站点）DBD（Database Description Packet，数据库描述）DCAP（Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol，数据转接客户访问协议）DCE（Data Circuit Equipment，数据电路终端设备）DCE（Data Communication Equipment，数据连接设备）DCF（Distributed Coordination Function，分布协调功能）DCOM（Distributed Components Object Model，分布式组件对象模型）DDN（Digital Data Network，数字数据网）DDoS（Distributed Denial of Service，分布式拒绝服务）DDR（Dial on Demand Routing，按需拨号路由）DE（Discard Eligibility，允许丢弃）DES（Data Encryption Standard，数据加密标准）DFS（Distributed File System，分布式文件系统）DHCP（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol，动态主机配置协议）DIFS（DCF InterFrame Spacing，DCF帧间间隔）DIS（Designated Intermediate System，指定中间系统）DLCI（Data-Link Connection Identifier，数据链路识别码）DLE（Data Link Escape，转义字符）DM（Delta Modulation，增量调制）DMT（Discrete Multi-Tone，离散多音频调制）DMZ（DeMilitarized Zone，非军事化区）DNS（Domain Name Service，域名系统服务）DOI（Domain of Interpretation，解释域）DoS（Denial of Service，DoS攻击就是拒绝服务）DPA（Demand Priority Access，需求优先访问）DQDB（Distributed Queue Dual Bus，分布式队列双总线）DR（Designated Router，指定路由器）DRMASS（Digital Radio Multiple Access Subscriber System，数字式无线通信多路存取用户系统）DS（Differentiated Services，区分服务）DS（Distribution System，分布式系统）DSA（Digital Signature Algorithm，数字签名算法）DSAP（Destination Service Access Point，目的服务访问点）DSLAM （Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer，数字用户线接入复用器）DSP（Digital Signal Processor，数字信号处理器）DSS（Digital Signature Standard，数字签名标准）DSS（Distribution System Service，分布式系统服务）DSSS（Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum，直接序列扩频）DSU（Data Service Unit，数据服务单元）DTD（Document Type Definition，文档类型定义）DTE（Data Terminal Equipment，数据终端设备）DUAL算法（Diffusing Update Algorithm，弥散更新算法）DVMRP（Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol，基于距离矢量算法的组播路由选择协议）D-V算法（Distance Vector Algorithm，距离矢量路由算法）EEAI（Enterprise Application Integration，企业应用集成）EAP（Extensible Authentication Protocol，可扩展认证协议）eBGP（external BGP，外部BGP）EC（Echo Cancellation，回波抵消）EC（Electronic Commerce，电子商务）ECA（End user CA，终端用户CA）ECC（Elliptic Curves Cryptography，椭圆曲线密码算法）ECN（Explicit Congestion Notification，显式拥塞通知）ED（End Delimiter，结束定界符）EDI（Electronic Data Interchange，电子数据交换）EDIFACT（EDI For Administration, Commerce and Transport）EGA（Electronic Government Affair，电子政务）EGP（Exterior Gateway Protocol，外部网关协议）EGPs（Exterior Gateway Protocols，外部网关协议族）EIFS（Extended InterFrame Spacing，扩展帧间间隔）EIGRP（Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol，增强的内部网关路由协议）EJB（Enterprise JavaBeans，企业级JavaBeans）ELAN（Emulated LAN，仿真局域网）Email（Electronic Mail，电子邮件）ERP（Enterprise Resource Planning，企业资源计划）ES（End system，端系统）ES-IS（End System to Intermediate System Routing Exchange Protocol，终端系统到中间系统路由选择交换协议）ESP（Encapsulating Security Payload，封装安全性净荷）ESS（Extended Service Set，扩展服务集）ETSI（European Telecom Standards Institute，欧洲电信标准学会）ETX（End Of Text，文本结束符）FFC（Frame Control，帧控制）FCS（Frame check sequence，帧检验序列）FDD（Frequency Division Duplexing，频分双工制）FDDI（Fiber Distributed Data Interface，光纤分布式数据接口）FDM（Frequency Division Multiplexing，频分多路复用）FDMA（Frequent Division Multiple Access，频分多址访问）FEC（Forward Error Correct，前向纠错重发方式）FEC（Forwarding Equivalence Class，转发等价类）FECN（Forward Explicit Congestion Notification，前向显式拥塞通知）FHSS（Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum，跳频扩频）FIFO（First In First Out，先进先出）Finger（User Information Protocol，用户信息协议）FL（Forward Link，前向链路）FM（Frequency Modulation，调频）FPS（Fast Packet Switching，快速分组交换）FR（Frame Relay，帧中继）FS（Frame State，帧状态）FSK（Frequency Shift Keying，频移键控）FT1（Fractional T1，部分T1）FTAM（File Transfer, Access＆Management，文件传输、访问和管理）FTP（File Transfer Protocol，文件传输协议）FTTB（Fiber To The Building，光纤到楼）FTTH（Fiber To The Home，光纤到户）FWA（Fixed Wireless Access，固定无线接入技术）GGEO（Geostationary Earth Orbit，地球同步轨道）GFC（General Flow Control，通用流量控制）GGP（Gateway-To-Gateway Protocol，网关到网关协议）GPS（Global Positioning Service，全球定位服务）GRE（Generic Routing Encapsulation，通用路由封装）GSM（Global System for Mobile Communications，移动通信全球系统）HHDLC（High Level Data Link Control，高级数据链路控制）HDSL（High data rate DSL，高数据速率数字用户线路）HEC（Header Error Control，信元头差错控制）HEC（Hybrid Error Correct，混合纠错方式）HFC（Hybrid Fiber-Coax，混合光纤－同轴电缆网）HMAC（Hash-Base Message Authentication Code）HMAC-HAS-1（Secure Hash Alogrithm V ersion 1）HPR（High Priority Request，高优先级请求）HR-DSSS（High-Rate Direct Sequence Seuquence Spectrum，高速率的直接序列扩频）HSDPA（High Speed Downlink Packet Access,高速下行分组接入）HTML（Hypertext Markup Language，超文件标记语言）HTTP（Hypertext Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议）IIANA（Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ，Internet网络号分配机构）IAP（Internet Access Provider，Internet 接入提供商）iBGP（inter BGP，内部BGP）IBSS（Integrated Business Support System，综合业务支撑系统）ICI（Interface Control Information，接口控制信息）ICMP（Internet Control Message Protocol，Internet控制信息协议）ICP（Internet Content Provider，Internet内容提供商）ICV（Integrality Check V alue，包的完整性验证值）IDC（Internet Data Center，互联网数据中心）IDEA（International Data Encryption Algorithm，国际数据解密算法）IDRP（Inter-Domain Router Protocol，域间路由协议）IDS（Intrusion Detection System，入侵检测系统）IDSL（ISDN DSL，ISDN数字用户线路）IDU（Interface Data Unit，接口数据单元）IEC（International Electrotechnical Commission，国际电工委员会）IEEE（Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers，美国电气与电子工程师协会）IANA（Internet Assigned Numbers Authority，互联网地址指派机构）IETF（Internet Engineering Task Force，互联网工程任务组）IGAP（IGMP for user Authentication Protocol，IGMP 用户认证协议）IGMP（Internet Group Management Protocol，Internet 组管理协议）IGPs（Interior Gateway Protocols，内部网关协议族）IGRP（Interior Gateway Routing Protocol，内部网关路由协议）IKE（Internet Key Management，密钥交换协议）ILD（Injection Laser Diode，注入型激光二极管）IMAP（Internet Message Access Protocol，因特网信息访问协议）IMS（IP Multimedia Sub-system，IP多媒体子系统）InARP（Inverse Address Resolution Protocol，帧中继环境的地址解析协议）INFO（Information，信息）InternetNIC（Internet's Network Information Center，Internet网络信息中心）IOS（Internetwork Operating System，网络操作系统）IP（Internet Protocol，网际协议）IPCP（IP Control Protocol，IP控制协议）IPDC（IP Device Control，IP设备控制）IPSec（IP Security，IP层安全协议）IPv4（Internet Protocol version 4，网际协议第4版）IPv6（Internet Protocol version 6，网际协议第6版）IPv6CP（IPv6 Control Protocol，IPv6控制协议）IPXCP（IPX PPP Control Protocol，PPP的IPX控制协议）IR（Infrared Ray，红外线）IRCP/IRC（Internet Relay Chat Protocol，因特网在线聊天协议）IRDP（ICMP Router Discovery Protocol，ICMP路由器发现协议）IS（Intermediate System，中间系统）ISAKMP（Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol，Internet安全协作和密钥管理协议）ISDN（Integrated Services Digital Network，综合业务数字网络）IS-IS（Intermediate System to Intermediate System，中间系统到中间系统）ISM（Industrial Scientific and Medical）频段ISO （International Organization for Standardization，国际标准化组织）ISP（Internet Service Provider，Internet服务提供商）ITOT（ISO Transport service On top of the TCP，基于TCP/IP的ISO 传输协议）ITU（International Telecommunications Union，国际电信联盟）JJSP（Java Server Pages）KKDC（Key Distribution Center，密钥分发中心）KMI（Key Management Infrastruture，密钥管理基础设施）LL2F（Level 2 Forwarding protocol，第二层转发协议）L2TP（Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol，第二层隧道协议）L3S（Layer 3 Switching，第三层交换技术）LAC（L2TP Access Concentrator，L2TP访问集中器）LAN（Local Area Network，局域网）LANE（LAN Emulation Over A TM，A TM网上的局域网仿真）LAP（Link Access Procedure，链路访问过程）LAPB（Link Access Procedure Balanced，平衡式链路访问过程）LAPD（Link Access Protocol on D Channel，D信道上的链路访问过程）LAPF（Link Access Procedure to Frame mode bearer service，帧模式承载业务链路访问过程）LAPM（Link Access Procedure for Modem，调制解调器的链路访问过程）LAPS（Link Access Procedure-SDH，SDH链路访问过程）LA TA（Local Access and Transport Area，本地访问传输区域）LCP（Link Control Protocol，链路控制协议）LDAP（Lightweight Directory Access Protocol，轻量级目录访问协议）LDK（Lapped Double Key，多重双钥）LDP（Label Distribution Protocol，标记分发协议）LE（Local Exchange，本地交换机）LEC（LAN Emulation Client，局域网仿真客户）LEC（Local Exchange Carrier，本地交换电信局）LECS（LAN Emulation Configuration Server，局域网仿真配置服务器）LED（Light Emitting Diode，发光二极管）LEO（Low-Earth Orbit，低地球轨道）LER（Label Edge Router，标签边缘路由器）LES（LAN Emulation Server，局域网仿真服务器）LF（Low Frequency，低频）LIS（Logical IP Subnet，逻辑IP子网）LLC（Logical Link Control，逻辑链路控制）LMDS（Local Multipoint Distribution System，本地多点分分布式系统）LMI（Local Management Interface，本地网络接口）LNP（Local Number Portability，电话携号转网）LNS（L2TP Network Server，L2TP网络服务器）LOH（Line OverHead，线路开销）LPK（Lapped Public Key，多重公钥）LSA（Link State Advertisements，链路状态通告）LSACK（Link-State Acknowledgement，链路状态应答）LSP（Link-State Packets，链路状态数据报）LSR（Label Switching Router，标记交换路由器）LSR（Link State Request，链路状态请求）LSU（Link State Update，链路状态更新）L-S算法（Link State Algorithm，链路状态路由算法）MMAC（Medium Access Control，媒体访问控制）MAC（Message Authentication Code，消息认证代码）MAN（Metropolitan Area Network，城域网）MARS（Multicast Address Resolution Server，组播地址解析协议）MBGP（Multicast Border Gateway Protocol，组播边界网关协议）MBONE（Internet Multicast Backbone，互联网组播主干，或称多目主干）MC（Mutiple Carrier，多载波）MCR（Minimum Cell Rate，最小信元速率）MD（Standard For Message Digest，消息摘要标准）MDF（Main Distribution Frame，主配线架）MEO（Medium-Earth Orbit，中间轨道）MF（Medium Frequency，中频）MH（Modified Huffman，修正的霍夫曼编码）MHAC-MD5（Message Digest V ersion 5）MIB（Management Information Base，管理信息库）MIC（Message Integrity Code，信息完整性编码）MIME（Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions，多用途因特网邮件扩展协议）M-JPEG（Motion- Join Photographic Experts Group，运动-联合图像专家组）MMDS（Microwave Multipoint Distribution Systems，无线微波多点分布式系统）MMR（Modified Modified Read，改进的二维压缩编码）Mobile IP（IP Mobility Support Protocol for IPv4 and IPv6，移动IP协议）MODEM（Modulation and Demodulation，调制解调器）MOSPF（Multicast Extensions OSPF，组播扩展OSPF协议）MOTIS（Message Oriented Text Interchange System，面向消息的文件互换系统）MPC（Multi-Protocol Client，多协议客户端）MPDU（MAC层协议数据单元）MPEG（Moving Pictures Experts Group，运动图像专家组）MPLS（Multi-Protocol Label Switching，多协议标记交换）MPOA（Multi-Protocol Over A TM，A TM上的多协议）MPS（Multi-Protocol Server多协议服务器）MR（Modified Read，改进的像素相对地址指定码）MRP（Material Requirements Planning，物料需求计划）MS（Mobile Station，移动站）MSAP（MAC Service Access Point，MAC服务访问点）MSDP（Multicast Resource Discovery Protocol，组播资源发现协议）MTU（Maximum Transmission Unit，最大传输单元）MZAP（Multicast-scope Zone Announcement Protocol，组播区域范围公告协议）NNAK（Network Allocation V ector，网络分配向量）NARP（NBMA Address Resolution Protocol，NBMA地址解析协议）NAS（Network Attached Storage，网络连接存储）NASP（Network Service Access Point，网络层服务访问点）NA T（Network Address Translation，网络地址转换）NBMA（Non-Broadcast Multi-Access，非广播多路访问）NCP（Network Control Protocol，网络控制协议）NCU（Network Control Unit，网络控制单元）NDIS（Network Drive Interface Specification，网络驱动接口规范）NDS（Novell Directory Service，Novell目录服务）NetBEUI（NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface / NetBIOS，NetBIOS 增强用户接口）NetBIOS（Network Basic Input Output System，网络基本输入输出系统）NFS（Network File System，网络文件系统）NHRP（Next Hop Resolution Protocol，下一跳解析协议）NIC（Network Interface Card，网卡）NID（Network Interface Device，网络接口设备）N-ISDN（Narrow-band Intergrated Services Digital Network，窄带ISDN）NISI（National Information Security Infrastructure，国家信息安全基础设施）NLRI（Network Layer Reachability Information，网络可达性信息）NMS（Network Management Station，网管工作站）NMT（Nordic Mobile Telephone，北欧移动电话）NNI（Nerwork-Network Interface，网络－网络接口）NNTP（Network News Transfer Protocol，网络新闻传输协议）NOS（Network Operating System，网络操作系统）NPA T（Network Port Address Translation，网络端口地址转换）NPR（Normal Priority Request，普通优先级请求）NRM（Normal Response Mode，正常响应方式）NRT-VBR（Not Realtime-V ariable Bit Rate，非实时可变比特率业务）NRZ（Non Return-to-Zero，非归零编码）NRZ-I（Non Return-to-Zero Invert，非归零反相编码）NRZ-L（Non Return-to-Zero-Level，非归零电平编码）NSAP（Network Service Access Point，网络服务访问点）NSF（National Scientific Foundation，美国国家科学基金会）NSP（Network Service Provider，网络服务提供商）NT1（Network Terminal type 1，1类网络终端）NT1+（Network Terminal type 1 Plus，1+类网络终端）NT2（Network Terminal type 2，2类网络终端）NTP（Network Time Protocol，网络时间协议）NTRU（Number Theory Research Unit）NVT（Net V irtual Terminal，网络虚拟终端）OOC（Optical Carrier，光载波）ODI（Open Data Interface，开放式数据接口）OFDM（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，正交频分多路复用）OGSA（Open Grid Services Architecture，开放网格体系结构）OMG（Object Management Group，对象管理组织）OSF（Open Software Foundation，开放式软件基金会）OSI RM（Open System Interconnection Reference Model，开放系统互联参考模型）OSI（Open Systems Interconnection，开放系统互连体系结构）OSPF（Open Shortest Path First，开放式最短路径优先协议）PPA（Preamble，前导码）PAD（Packet Assembler/Disassembly，分组组装/拆装器）PAM（Pulse Amplitude Modulation，脉冲振幅调制）PAN（Personal Area Network，个人网）PAP（Password Authentication Protocol，密码认证协议）PA T（Port Address Translations，端口地址转换）PBX（Private Branch Exchange，分组交换机）PBXs（Private Branch Exchanges，专用分组交换机）PCF（Point Coordination Function，点协调功能）PCI（Protocol Control Information，协议控制信息）PCM（Pulse Code Modulation，脉冲编码调制）PCR（Peak Cell Rate，峰值信元速率）PDC（Personal Digital Cellular，个人数字蜂窝）PDN（Public Data Network，公共数据网）PDU（Protocol Data Unit，协议数据单元）PDUs（Protocal Data Units，协议数据单元）PEM（Privacy Enhanced Mail）PC（Pervasive Computing，普适计算）PES（Proposed Encryption Standard，分组密码建议）PGM（Pragmatic General Multicast Protocol，实际通用组播协议）PGP（Pretty Good Privacy）PHP（Personal Home Page：Hypertext Preprocessor）PHY（Physical Layer Protocol，物理层协议）PIFS（PCF InterFrame Spacing，PCF帧间间隔）PIM-DM（Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode，密集模式独立组播协议）PIM-SM（Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode，稀疏模式独立组播协议）PKI（Public Key Infrastructure，公开密钥基础设施）PLP（Packet Level Protocol，分组层协议）PM（Phase Modulation，调相）PMD（Physical-Medium Dependent，物理介质相关）PMI（Privilege Management Infrastructure，授权管理基础设施）POH（Path OverHead，通道开销）POP（Point Of Presence，访问点）POP（Post Office Protocol，邮局协议）POSIX （Portable Operating System Interface ，可移植操作系统接口）POTS（Plain Old Telephone Service，普通老式电话业务）PPP（Point to Point Protocol，点对点协议）PPPoA（PPP over A TM AAL5，基于A TM AAL5的PPP协议）PPPoE（PPP over Ethernet，以太网上的PPP）PPTP（Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol，点对点隧道协议）PRI（Primary Rate Interface，一次群速率接口）PS（Packet Switched Domain，分组交换域）PSE（Packet Switched Equipment，分组交换机）PSK（Phase Shift Keying，相移键控）PSN（Packet Switched Network，分组交换网）PSNP（Partial Sequence Number PDU，部分序号PDU）PSTN（Public Switched Telephone Network，公共交换电话网）PT（Payload Type，净负荷类型指示）PTE（Path Terminating Element，路径端接设备）PVC（Permanent Virtual Circuit，永久虚电路）QQAM（Quadrature Amplitude Modulation，正交调幅）QAM-16（16相正交幅度调制）QAM-64（64相正交幅度调制）QoS（Quality of Server，网络服务质量）QPSK（正交移相键控）RRA（Requistration Authority，证书申请机构）RADIUS（Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service，远程认证拨号用户服务）RADSL（Rate-Adaptive DSL，速率自适应数字用户线路）RARP（Reverse Address Resolution Protocol，反向地址转换协议）RCA（Root Certificate Authority，根认证中心）RDC（Routing Domain Confederation，路由域联盟）RDP（Reliable Data Protocol，可靠数据协议）RGMP（Router-port Group Management Protocol，路由器端口组管理协议）RI（Routing information，路由信息）RIB（Routing Information Base，路由信息库）RIP（Routing information Protocol，路由信息协议）RIPng（RIP Next Generation for IPv6，IPv6环境中的下一代路由信息协议）RL（Reverse Link，反向链路）RLC（Run Length Coding，游程长度编码）RLOGIN（Remote Login in Unix，UNIX远程登录）RMON（Remote Monitor，远程监控）RMON（Remote Monitoring MIBs in SNMP，SNMP远程监控消息信息块）ROSE（Remote Operations Service Element，远程操作服务元素）RPC（Remote Procedure Call，远程过程调用）RSVP（Resource ReSerV ation Protocol，资源预留协议）RSVP-TE（RSVP - Traffic Extension，基于流量工程扩展的资源预留协议）RT-VBR（Realtime-V ariable Bit Rate，实时可变比特率业务）RUDP（Reliable UDP，可靠用户数据报协议）RWhois（RWhois Protocol / Remote Directory Access Protocol，远程目录访问协议）RZ（Return-to-Zero，归零编码）SS/MIME（Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions，安全的多功能Internet电子邮件扩充）SA（Security Association，安全关联）SA（Source Addresses，源地址）SAD（Security Association Database，安全关联数据库）SAN（Storage Area Network，存储区域网络）SAP（Service Access Point，服务访问点）SAR子层（Segmentation And Reassembly Sublayer，拆分和重组子层）SAS（Single Attachment Station, 单连接站点）SC（Single Carrier，单载波）S-C（Splitter-Central，局端分离器）SCO链路（Synchronous Connection Oriented，面向连接的同步链路）SCR（Sustained Cell Rate，持续信元速率）SD（Start Delimiter，起始定界符）SDH（Synchronous Digital Hierarchy，同步数字系列）SDK（Seeded Double Key，种子化双钥）SDLC（Synchronous Data Link Control，同步数据链路控制）SDSL（Synchronous or Single-line DSL，单线对数字用户线路）SDU（Service Data Unit，服务数据单元）SEAL（Simple Efficient Adaptation Layer，简单有效的适配层）SECBR（Severly-Errored Cell Block Ratio，严重错误信元块比例）SET（Secure Electonic Transcation，安全电子交易协议）SFD（Start-of-Frame Delimiter，帧首定界符）SG（Security Gateway，安全网关）SGML（Stardand Generalized Markup Language，标准通用标记语言）SGMP（Simple Gateway Management Protocol，简单网关管理协议）SHA（Secure Hash Algorithm，安全散列算法）S-HTTP（Secure HTTP，安全的http协议）SIFS（Short InterFrame Spacing，短帧间间隔）SIP（SMDS Interface Protocol，SMDS接口协议）SIPP（Simple Internet Protocol Plus，简单Internet协议）SKEME（Secue Key Exchange Mechanism，Internet安全密钥交换机制）SKIP（Simple Key-exchange Internet Protocol简单密钥管理协议）SLIP（Serial Line IP，串行线路IP协议）SLP（Service Location Protocol，服务定位协议）SMDS（Switched Multimegabit Data Service，交换式多兆比特数据服务）SMI（Structure of Management Information，管理信息结构）SMT（Station Management，站点管理）SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol，简单邮件传输协议）SN（Services Node，业务节点）SNA（Systems Network Architecture，系统网络体系结构）SNI（Service Node Interface，业务节点接口）SNMP（Simple Network Management Protocol，简单网络管理协议）SNP（Sequence Number PDU，序号PDU）SNTP（Simple Network Time Protocol，简单网络时间协议）SOA（Service-Oriented Architecture，面向服务的体系结构）SOAP（Simple Object Access Protocol，简单对象访问协议）SOCKS（Protocol for sessions traversal across firewall securely，防火墙安全会话转换协议）SOH（Section OverHead，段开销）SOH（Start Of Header，报文头开始字符）SONET（Synchronous Optiical Network，同步光纤网络）SPD（Security Policy Database，安全策略数据库）SPE（Synchronous Payload Envelope，同步净荷包）SPF算法（Shortest Path First Algorithm，最短路径优先算法）SPK（Seeded Public Key，种子化公钥）S-R（Splitter-Remote，分离器）SS（Security Sublayer，安全子层）SS（Spread Spectrum，扩频）SS7（Signaling System No.7，7号信令系统）SSAP（Source Service Access Point，源服务访问点）SSCS（Service Specific Convergence Sublayer，服务特定会聚子层）SSH（Secure Shell Protocol，安全外壳协议）SSL（Secure Socket Layer，安全套接字协议层）STEP（Standard for The Exchange of Product model data，产品模型数据交换标准）STM（Synchronous Transfer Mode，同步传输模式）STP（Shielded Twisted Pair，屏蔽双绞线）STP（Spanning-Tree Protocol，生成树协议）STS（Synchronous Transport Signal，同步传输信号）SVC（Switched Virtual Circuit，交换虚电路/呼叫虚电路）SYN（synchronous Character，同步字符）TTA（Terminal Adapter，终端适配器）TACS（Total Access Communication System，全向接续通信系统）TALI（Transport Adapter Layer Interface，传输适配层接口）TCP（Transmission Control Protocol，传输控制协议）TCU（Trunk Coupling Unit，干线耦合器）TC子层（Transmission Convergence Sublayer，传输汇集子层）TDD（Time Division Duplexing，时分双工制）TDM（Time Division Multiplexing，时分多路复用）TDMA（Time Division Multiple Address，时分多址）TE（Terminal Equipment，终端设备）TE1（Terminal Equipment type 1，1类终端设备）TE2（Terminal Equipment type 2，2类终端设备）Telnet（TCP/IP Terminal Emulation Protocol，TCP/IP终端仿真协议）TFTP（Trivial File Transfer Protocol，简单文本传输协议）TGS（Ticket Granting Server，票据授权服务器）TIB（Tag Information Base，标记信息数据库）TKIP（Temporal Key Integrity Protocol，暂时密钥完整性协议）TLS（Transport Layer Security Protocol，安全传输层协议）TLS（Transport Layer Security，安全传输层）TM（Transmission Media Layer，传输媒质层）TMN（Telecommunications Management Network，电信管理网络）TOH（Transport OverHead，传输开销）TP（Transmission Path Layer，传输通道层）TP-DDI（Twisted-Pair Distributed Data Interface，双绞线铜缆分布式数据接口）TP-PMD（Twisted-Pair Physical Medium-Dependent，与物理介质相关的双绞线对）TSAP（Transport Service Access Point，传输层的服务访问点）TTL（Time To Live，生存时间）UUA WG（Unibersal ADSL Working Group）UBR（Unspecified Bit Rate，未指定比特率业务）UDDI（Universal Description Discovery & Integration，统一描述、发现和集成协议）UDP（User Datagram Protocol，用户数据报协议）UNI（User Network Interface，用户网络接口）URL（Uniform Resource Locator，统一资源定位符）UTP（Unshielded Twisted Pair，非屏蔽双绞线）UTRA（Universal Terrestrial Radio Access，通用地面无线接入）UWB（Ultra Wide Band超宽带）VV ACM（View-based Access Control Model，基于视图的访问控制模型）VCI（Virtual Channel Identifier，虚信道标识）VDSL（V ery High Data Rate DSL，甚高比特率数字用户线路）VLAN（Virtual Local Area Network，虚拟局域网）VLF（V ery Low Frequency，甚低频）VLSM（V ariable Length Subnet Mask, 可变长子网掩码）VMPS服务器（VLAN Membership Policy Server，VLAN成员策略服务器）VOD（Video On Demand，视频点播系统）V oIP（V oice over IP，基于IP协议的语音服务）VPDN（Virtual Private Dial-Network）VPI（Virtual Path Identifier，虚通路标识）VPN（Virtual Private Network，虚拟专用网络）VRRP（Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol，虚拟路由冗余协议）VSA T（V ery Small Aperture Terminal，甚小口径地球站）VTP（VLAN Trunk Protocol，VLAN干道协议）WWAN（Wide Area Network，广域网）WDM（Wave Length Division Multiplexing，波分多路利用）Web Service（Web服务）WEP（Wired Equivalent Privacy，有线等效保密）WMAN（Wireless Metropolitan Area Network，无线城域网）Work Flow（工作流）WPA（Wi-Fi Protected Access，Wi-Fi网络保护访问）WPAN（Wireless Personal Area Net，无线个人网）WSDL（Web Service Description Language，Web服务描述语言）XX.400（Message Handling Service Protocol，信息处理服务协议）xDSL（Digital Subscriber Line Technologies，数字用户线路）XLink（XML Linking Language，XML链接语言）XML（eXtensible Markup Language，可扩展的标记语言）XQuery（XML Query Language，XML查询语言）XSL（eXtensible Stylesheet Language，可扩展样式语言）X-Window/X Protocol（X-Window System Protocol，X 视窗协议）YZ。

ATM网络的性能分析及技术综述

引言：随着Internet与多媒体技术的飞速发展, Web上的图像、音频、视频等多媒体内容越来越多,用户需要有更高的接入速率。

而现有的电路交换和分组交换很难胜任宽带高速的交换任务。

对于电路交换,当数据的传输速率及其突发性变化很大时,交换的控制就变得十分复杂;对于分组交换,当数据传输速率很高时,协议数据单元在各层的处理成为很大的开销,无法满足实时性很强的业务的时延要求。

异步传输模式ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)就是建立在电路交换和分组交换基础上的一种新的交换技术,它可以很好地进行宽带信息交换。

一、ATM的结构ATM 以信元为基本信息传递单位。

ATM 信元是一种具有固定长度的数据分组。

ATM 信元的结构如图所示：它由53个字节长度构成，其中5个字节是信元头，48 个字节是信息域(或称净负荷、净荷)。

也就是说ATM 将已经数字化的信息，全部分割为长度为48字节(1字节为8比特)的组块，负责承载发送信息。

分组交换时组块长度可以不一样，在每一组块上再加上5字节是信头(包头)含源地址和目的地址信息，这样便形成了53(48＋5)字节的信息“单元”。

由于分成单元，因此可以自由地传输从低速到高速各种位速率的信息，运动图像的位速率最高、声音次之而文字的位速率最低。

单元长度足够短，避免数据传输排队的等待时间过长，使线路出现空闲的机会降到最少，充分发挥了线路传输能力。

单元有包头便知道信息从哪里来，应往哪里去，不会发生混淆，根据包头上的收件方号码进行切换。

ATM协议包括物理层、ATM层、ATM适配层和高层。

适配层采用了AAL1、AAL2、AAL3/ 4 和AAL5 等多种协议来支持不同的用户业务。

根据源和目的地之间的定时关系、比特率特性以及连接方式, ATM适配层的业务可划分为A、B、C和D 4 类。

ATM信元是固定长度的分组, 由5 个字节的信头和48 个字节的信息段组成, 其中信头主要完成寻址功能, 信息段用来装载来自不同用户、不同业务的信息。

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RM 16 Asynchonous Transfer Mode(ATM)
Demand for rich media services such as Internet access, video on
demand, digital television and voice over IP grows more clamorous every
day. So, too, does the need for high-performance distribution technology.
To meet this demand, service providers are turning to ATM
technology—a flexible, scalable way of moving high-speed voice, video
and data across networks. ATM’s sophisticated bandwidth utilization
capabilities enable providers to efficiently transport large, complex video
packets without taxing a network (as shown in Fig.R16-1).
The majority of traffic ported over the ATM infrastructure is voice
and data. Video will soon be as prominent and will drive the need for
more high-capacity ATM networks. The basis of ATM technology is a
high-efficiency, low-latency switching and multiplexing mechanism
ideally suited to an environment in which there are specific bandwidth
limitations.
ATM allocates bandwidth on demand by constructing virtual channels
and virtual paths between source and destination points on the ATM
network boundaries. These channels are not dedicated physical
connections, but are permanent virtual connections or switched virtual
connections that are deconstructed when no longer needed.
The speed and reliability of ATM switched networks can’t be matched
by other popular WAN technologies, which are ill-equipped to transport
2

high-performance data. However, even in an ATM environment, the
nuances and peculiarities of digital video make it impractical to transport
real-time video in its native uncompressed format over ATM. Using
MPEG-2 sophisticated compression techniques, providers can alleviate
technical roadblocks when managing and ensuring the integrity of large,
super-fast video streams over ATM.
Gettimg MPEG-2 ontoATM networks and then picking it off in good
order takes care. The ATM network edge device must be particularly
adept at handling MPEG switching and jitter management to compensate
for propagation delays in the network.
Local MPEG-2 video streams are typically transported via an
interface known as digital video broadcast asynchronous serial interface.
ATM edge devices deconstruct either an MPEG-2 multiple program
transport stream(MPTS) or single program transport stream to the
program level and ultimately to the packet-identifier(PID) level. At the
PID level, streams can be reordered and combined back into another
MPTS. This process is referred to as remultiplexing. Each packet of
MPEG-2 data is then tagged with a PID, a 13-bit field that identified the
association between a program, transport stream and packet. This
architecture is likely to become the predominant distribution method for
rich media services.
New Words and Expressions
3

asynchronous [eiˈsiŋkrənəs]Transfer[trænsˈfə:]Mode(ATM)
异步传输模式
access [ˈækses] 存取
internet Protocol(IP) [ˈprəutəkɔl] 网际协议
scalable [ˈskeiləbl] 可升级的
infrastructure [ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə] 基础架构
prominent [ˈprɔminənt] 卓越的、显著的、突出的
low-latency [ˈleitənsi] 低延迟
allocate [ˈæləkeit] 分配
wide Area Network(WAN)广域网
local Area Network(LAN)局域网
nuance[njuˈɑ:ns] 细微差别
peculiarity[piˌkju:liˈæriti] 特性
adept [ˈædept] at熟练于……
MPEG一种压缩比率较大的活动图像和声音的压缩标准
propagation[ˌprɔpəˈɡeiʃən] 传播
architecture[ˈɑ:kitektʃə]体系结构
predominant[priˈdɔminənt]卓越的、主要的、有影响的