wildchina第二集香格里拉文本(一)

美丽中国(Wild China)第六集双语对照文本字幕.

美丽中国（Wild China）第六集双语对照文本字幕(2012-04-21 08:03:44)美丽中国（Wild China）第六集潮汐更迭Tides of Change 双语对照文本字幕从东端的长城起From the eastern end of the Great Wall,中国的海岸跨度14,500公里China's coast spans 14,500 kilometres并且拥有五千多年的历史and more than 5,000 years of history.在这个方面显示了This is the area which shows the greatest contrast中国的过去和未来之间的差距between China's past and its future.如今中国的东海岸线Today China's eastern seaboard有七亿人口is home to 700 million people,居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth. 然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a wealth of wildlife. 现在古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀Now, as ancient traditions mingle with new aspirations, 那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗is there any room at all for wildlife on China's crowded shores? 谨以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区In northern China's Zhalong Nature Reserve,一对丹顶鹤正守望着它们的产卵领土a pair of red-crowned cranes have staked out their nesting territory在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里in the stubble of a commercially managed reed bed.数百年来For centuries,cranes have been revered in China鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇as symbols of longevity.它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁Their statues were placed next to the Emperor's throne. 鹤因此而受到赞扬The cranes have cause to celebrate.幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times.丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一Red-crowned cranes are one of the world's most endangered species. 在过去的一个世纪Over the last century,中国失去了近一半的沿海湿地China has lost nearly half of its coastal wetlands并且大多数改造地是为了造福人类而非野生动物and most of what remains is managed for the benefit of people, not wildlife. 从现在起的数个月 A few months from now,幼鹤和它的家人将面临一场往南方的大迁徙this chick and its parents will face a long migration south 来躲避北方的严冬to escape the harsh northern winter.它们将沿着海岸向前Their route will take them along a coast然而这些海岸已经受到人类活动的巨大影响which has been greatly affected by human activity. 在它们的征途上Along their journey, the cranes will be joined将有成千上万其他鸟类加入迁徙大军by many thousands of other migrating birds.它们迁徙的方向横跨南渤海湾All heading south across the Bohai Gulf沿海岸的黄海和中国东海and along the shores of the Yellow and East China Seas,最远甚至抵达中国南海some even reaching as far as the South China Sea 寻找一个安全的冬季避难所in search of a safe winter haven.每年候鸟迁徙已持续了数千年之久The annual bird migration has been going on for thousands of years. 在中国东北海岸的锦屏山Here at Mount Jinping on China's northeast coast,存留着人类there is surprising evidence曾长期居住过的惊人遗迹that people have lived here almost as long.七千年前Seven thousand years ago,少昊部落的成员雕刻下的神奇符号members of the Shao Hao tribe carved magical symbols描绘出他们日常生活得到的重要原理representing significant elements of their daily lives.这种岩石雕刻显示出The petroglyphs show wheat sheaves connected by lines to human figures,中国第一个有记录的耕种遗址the first known recordings of cultivation in China.因为常年目睹群鸟迁徙的奇观Familiar with the spectacle of yearly bird migrations,少昊人选择一只鸟的符号作为他们的图腾the Shao Hao people chose a symbol of a bird as their totem.锦屏山位于山东半岛附近Mount Jinping lies near the Shandong peninsula,是候鸟的一个重要越冬场所an important wintering site for migrant birds,即使在今天仍然有鸟群沿着这条海岸线前进and even today there are still communities along this coastline并且和当地的鸟群保持着密切关系who retain a special affinity with their local birdlife.烟墩礁Yandun Jiao village,位于半岛的东北岸on the north-eastern shore of the peninsula,以其传统特色的海藻覆顶建筑闻名于世is famous for its traditional seaweed-thatched cottages.在早春料峭的清晨On a chilly morning in early spring,屈夫妇在破晓时刻出来碰运气Mr and Mrs Qu venture out at first light带着海民的传统工具——桶和小铲armed with the traditional seaside accessories of bucket and spade.当屈家人朝着港湾前进As the Qus head down into the harbour,一群被当地人 a flock of whooper swans,亲切称为“冬日天使”的大天鹅known affectionately here as "winter angels",在海湾醒来are waking out in the bay.屈家和他们的邻居在潮落的泥浆中The Qus and their neighbours search for tube holes寻找管状的孔in the mud at low tide,那里意味着有扇贝或竹蛏深藏在泥底the sign of cockles and razor shells hidden deep below. 收集贝克是颇为流行的消遣While gathering shellfish is a popular pastime,当地人以出海为主要营生the main business of Yandun Jiao happens further out at sea. 当老屈站在启程船只的甲板上As the boats set out,with Mr Qu on board,天鹅并肩掠过the swans set a parallel course.整个海湾是一个巨型海藻农场The whole of the bay is a gigantic seaweed farm.人们整天忙于清理和照料海藻叶The men work all day cleaning and tending the kelp fronds 海藻长在巨大浮标舰队互相连接的绳子上that are grown on ropes linked to a vast armada of buoys.天鹅只吃长在绳子表面的本地海藻The swans eat native seaweeds growing on the surface ropes 而非更有价值的产物rather than the valuable crop of kelp,所以它们无损经济作物的生长so they do no harm to the commercial operation.下午当风在海上生起In the afternoon, as the wind picks up out at sea,工人和天鹅退回岸边the workers and swans return to shore.当追求与自然和谐的文化While the culture of seeking balance with nature历经远路回归中国的时候goes back a long way in China,在中国拥挤的海岸线很难看到如此和谐的人地关系it is rare to see such harmonious relationships on China's crowded coast. 当夜晚降临As evening draws on,屈家人准备了扇贝the Qu family prepare their evening meal of cockles,馒头和海藻做为晚膳steamed bread and seaweed.孩子们谈话声(KIDS CHATTERING)剩菜被村里的孩子们用来喂天鹅Leftovers are given to the village children to feed the swans. 这给孩子和村民带来许多乐趣It's fun for the kids and provides并未鸟儿们度过寒夜提供了能量补给an extra energy boost for the birds as they face another cold night. 天鹅已经利用这个庇护港The swans have been using this sheltered bay作为冬天的过冬地at as a winter refuge for many generations.只要敬重自然的传统还在As long as the tradition of respect for nature persists,烟墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”间的this remarkable association between the Yandun Jiao community 奇妙友谊就会持续下去and their winter angels looks set to continue.在渤海湾天鹅村的最东北处Out in the Bohai Gulf, northeast of the swan village,一座小小的岩岛为迁徙的鸟儿提供了安静的歇脚地a small rocky island provides a quiet resting spot for migrating birds. 但是蛇岛亦潜伏着危险But Shedao Island has hidden dangers.由于海平面上升蝮蛇已被困在这座岛上6000余年Pallas' pit vipers trapped here 6,000 years ago by rising sea levels 这已演化成一种险恶的生存方式have evolved a sinister lifestyle.每年有10个月For 10 months of the year岛上没有任何食物there is nothing substantial to eat on the island,因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力so the reptiles conserve their energy by barely moving at all. 鸟群鸣叫(BIRDS CAWING)当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖As the sun warms their rocky home,这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛the snakes climb up into the bushes and trees.但是它们不是来这晒日光浴的But they aren't here to sunbathe.越来越多的毒蛇出现了More and more vipers appear事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地until virtually every perch where a bird might land等着鸟们上钩has been booby-trapped.“守猎”游戏开始了Then the waiting game begins.蛇隐藏得很好The serpents' camouflage is remarkable,但是蛇攻击鸟的时候but so are the birds' reactions,鸟的反应同样迅速as this high-speed shot reveals.鸟群只在岛上停留几周The birds will only stay on the island for a couple of weeks.但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了But although the snakes have been starving for months,但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径their only hope of bagging a meal is to be patient只能是潜藏起来耐心等待and sit tight.即便最微小的失误The slightest miscalculation也会导致狩猎的失败and the snake is left with a mouthful of feathers.蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味The dropped meal is tracked down mainly by smell,毒蛇用分叉的舌头the viper using its forked tongue分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物to taste the air until it is close enough to see its quarry. 最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物The final challenge is to swallow a meal that's twice the size of its head. 蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向It does so by dislocating its jaws and positioning its prey 使鸟嘴指向后边so the beak is pointing backwards.对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂For the reptiles, this time of plenty is all too brief.再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了In a couple of weeks, the migration will be over鸟群会继续前进and the birds will have moved on.这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐This could be the snake's last meal for six months.但是并不是岛上会经历But it isn't just islands盛宴和饥馑的循环that experience cycles of feast and famine.海也有季节变化The sea, too, has its seasons,沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化a fact well known to fishing communities along the neighbouring coasts. 在初望港In Chuwang harbour,盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明the start of a new fishing season provides the excuse for a massive party. 但是对于船主老赵来说But for boat owner Mr Zhao,既有庆祝又有祈祷it's a day of prayer as well as celebration.老赵希望通过祭祀海神Zhao hopes that by presenting gifts and showing respect to the sea goddess, 来确保他们来年捕鱼he can help ensure a prosperous and safe year ahead顺利安全for him and his crew.同时鼓声爆竹反映了古人的信念Meanwhile, drums, firecrackers and fireworks reflect the ancient belief 古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气that loud noises will frighten off dangerous sea devils and bad fortune. 台子中间的那个是海龙的象征Occupying centre stage is a representation of the sea dragon, 传说海龙控制着水和天气mythical ruler of water and weather.夜晚风平浪静In the calm of the evening,赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼Mr Zhao and his family light paper boat lanterns.每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神Each flickering flame carries a wish to the sea goddess, 这个传统世代传递着a tradition passed on from parents to children over countless generations. 在中国拥挤的海岸线上On China's crowded coasts,渔民们必须非常机敏fishermen need to be extremely resourceful.收渔网是一项繁重的工作Hauling in the nets is hard work,目前为止还没有看到鱼and so far there's not a fish in sight.只有海蜇Only jellyfish.每年无数的海蜇Each year, millions of jellyfish被渤海湾的水流带到南方are carried south with the currents in the Bohai Gulf. 这种现象的生态学原因很复杂The ecological story behind this event is complex,但决不是中国特有的but by no means unique to China.海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物Jellyfish are fast-breeding plankton feeders.近些年来人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥In recent years, human sewage and fertilisers from intensive farming 增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度have increased plankton blooms in the Gulf,提供了丰富的海蜇食物providing extra jellyfish food.由于过度捕鱼海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了While over-fishing has reduced their enemies and competitors. 这种现象已经It's a phenomenon that has become increasingly widespread在全球蔓延across the world's seas.然而别的地方认为是个问题However, what is seen elsewhere as a problem,在中国却被当成机会in China is perceived as an opportunity.岸上Back on shore,四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里mule carts transport the jellyfish to nearby warehouses在那里处理后销往全国where they will be processed and sold as food all over China.四代人正在饱餐一碗海蜇片Four generations tuck into a bowl of sliced jellyfish, 这道菜可以延年益寿the recipe for a long and healthy life.离开了渤海湾Leaving the Bohai Gulf behind,迁徙的鹤群migrating cranes,篦鹭和鸭子里边加入了其他鸟类spoonbills and ducks are joined by other birds,它们都飞向南方寻找安全的冬天栖息地all heading south in search of a safe winter haven. 鸟群的迁徙路线顺着黄海The birds' migration route follows the coast of the Yellow Sea一路朝向江苏省down into Jiangsu Province,那里有肥沃的农业风景 a fertile agricultural landscape有中国最后存留的盐沼泽地with some of the last remaining salt marshes in China. 大丰At Dafeng,一小块盐沼泽的就是一只幸存动物的家园a small salt marsh reserve is home to an animal which is lucky to be alive. 中国人认为麋鹿是奇怪复杂的动物The Chinese see these Milu as a curious composite animal, 有像马一样的头with a horse's head,牛一样的脚cow's feet,驴一样的尾巴 a tail like a donkey朝向后边的鹿角and backwards-facing antlers.在西方自从第一个欧洲人In the West, we know it as David's Deer,叫它麋鹿以后我们也这样叫了after the first European to describe it.在发情期During the rut,雄鹿用植物的花环来装饰自己stags decorate themselves with garlands of vegetation这些东西是用鹿角弄的collected in their antlers.激烈的战斗决定谁拥有交配权Fierce battles decide mating rights.雌鹿仍然带着去年的幼鹿The females still have last year's fawns in tow.母鹿在发情期也没有给幼鹿断奶They haven't been weaned by the time of the rut幼鹿聚在一起and band together in large crhes,只回到自己母亲那里喂食only returning to their mothers to feed.这种特殊的行为有助于帮助它们记清楚好斗的雄鹿This unique behaviour helps to keep them clear of the aggressive males.现在中国仅存2500头麋鹿了Today, there are just 2,500 Milu in China,很明显如果再多也很有限but it is remarkable that there are any at all.在20世纪初期野外的麋鹿濒临灭绝In the early 1900s Milu became extinct in the wild,幸运的是一些良种鹿群被当作礼物送到了欧洲but luckily, some of the Imperial herd had been sent as a gift to Europe.那些在英格兰Woburn Abbey的麋鹿繁衍了下来Those at Woburn Abbey, in England, prospered. 20世纪80年代40头鹿被送回了故乡And in the early 1980s, 40 of the deer were returned to their homeland 它们在那里继续繁衍生息where they continue to thrive.迁徙的鹤群至今已经The migrating cranes have so far travelled顺着海岸向南飞行了两千多公里了over 2,000 kilometres southwards along the coast.经过了大丰的麋鹿预留区Passing the Milu Deer Reserve at Dafeng,它们接近了另一个盐沼泽地they are approaching another salt marsh那里给它们过冬提供了极好的条件which will provide the perfect conditions for them to spend the winter. 盐城，中国最大的沿海湿地This is Yancheng, the largest coastal wetland in China, 每年估计有三百万鸟拜访这里visited by an estimated three million birds each year. (嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)刚出生七个月的幼鹤Crane chicks that were only born seven months ago完成了第一次来回旅行have now completed the first leg of a round trip它们将会每年重复这样which they will repeat every year.坚强的鹤群能应付冬天的温度The hardy cranes can cope with winter temperatures温度可能降到零度以下which may drop below freezing.但是其他迁徙的鸟类比如濒临灭绝的黑面篦鹭However, other migrating birds, like the endangered black-faced spoonbill,就没有那么耐寒are less cold-tolerant它们将要继续南飞寻找更温暖的气候and will continue even further south in search of warmer climes. (嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)在这里许多迁徙的鸟群At this point, many of the migrating bird flocks勉强达到了它们南飞旅程的一半are barely halfway along their southward journey.在它们前面还有新的挑战Ahead of them lies a new challenge,中国最伟大的河——长江China's greatest river, the Yangtze,是许多种类迁徙物种的聚集地and the venue for a very different kind of migration.每年上百万吨的货物往来江面Each year, millions of tons of cargo travel up and down the river,使这里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一making this one of the busiest waterways in the world.这些是中华绒蝥蟹These are Chinese mitten crabs,因它们长毛爪子得名named for their strange hairy claws.它们可以迁移长达1500公里They may migrate as much as 1,500 kilometres从支流和湖泊一直到河口from tributaries and lakes to the river mouth,他们在那里繁殖后代where they gather to breed.中华鲟也有相似的迁徙 A similar migration is made by the giant Yangtze sturgeon, 中华鲟能长到4米长半吨重which can reach four metres long and weigh half a ton.近些年来它们的数量骤减In recent years, its numbers have declined dramatically这是由于它们的迁徙被越来越多的河坝阻挡了as its migration is impeded by ever more river dams.但是不仅中华鲟有这样的境遇But it isn't just animals like the sturgeon that are in trouble, 整个长江的生态系统都遭到了破坏the entire Yangtze River ecosystem is being poisoned.虽然有显耀的清理计划项目In spite of being the subject of an ambitious clean-up plan, 估计长江是最大的today the river is reckoned to be the biggest污染太平洋的单向水源single source of pollution entering the Pacific Ocean.坐落于长江入海口的Situated right at the mouth of its estuary,崇明岛为迁徙的滨鸟Chongming Island provides a vital resting and feeding spot 提供了重要的休养生息的地方for migrating shorebirds,人们对长江流域的野生动物的态度不断转变and a place which offers welcome evidence这个地方也是个很好的证明of changing attitudes towards the Yangtze's beleaguered wildlife. 几个世纪里这些沿岸泥滩一直吸引许多捕猎者For centuries these coastal mudflats have attracted hunters, 就像金先生一样like Mr Jin,他们不断地改善捕猎技巧who have honed their trapping skills to perfection捕获稀有鸟类供上海有钱人食用to put rare birds on the tables of Shanghai's elite.40年里金先生一直用一张网For 40 years Mr Jin has used a net,简单的诱鸟和一只竹笛simple decoy birds and a bamboo whistle来诱惑经过的鸟到他的网里to lure passing birds towards his nets.(笛声) (WHISTLING)这需要耐心和高超的技巧It takes both patience and consummate skill.但是事情并不总是这样But all is not as it seems.像其他许多最好的自然保护者一样Mr Jin, like many of the best conservationists,金先生现在由偷猎者变为了看护者is poacher turned gamekeeper,使用他捕猎技艺来保护他原先的猎物using his hunting skills to benefit his old quarry.在东潭鸟类保护基地里The staff here at Dongtan Bird Reserve人们将给这些捕获的鸟测量带环称重will measure, ring and weigh the trapped birds然后把它们释放before releasing them unharmed.由金先生和他的同事们收集的这些信息The information gathered by Mr Jin and his colleagues 帮助保护了200多个不同的鸟类helps to protect over 200 different species of birds这些鸟类每年都要来到这个岛屿which visit the island each year.在崇明岛正南端Just south of Chongming Island是中国最大的海边城市——上海lies China's largest coastal city, Shanghai.上海处于一条河流生物和鸟类迁徙的路径上Situated on a major migration route for birds as well as river life,现在它正进行一个更大的侵袭动作Shanghai is now preparing for an even bigger invasion.满载着建筑材料的驳船不停的到达这个城市的码头Barges loaded with building materials constantly arrive in the city's docks,来满足这个世界最繁忙建设之一的需要feeding one of the greatest construction booms in the world.去年全世界一半的水泥都运往中国的各个城市Last year, half the world's concrete was poured into China's cities,这些都是为了人类历史上最大规模的all in preparation for the biggest mass migration of people人口迁移做准备in the history of the world.在未来25年里预计有超过3亿中国人In the next 25 years, well over 300 million people将从中国农村迁移到城市例如上海are predicted to move from rural China into cities like Shanghai.从农村到城市的人类迁移The migration of people from country to city在全世界各地都可以看到is being mirrored around the world, and by 2010到2010年超过一半的世界人口将成为城市居住者over half of the world's population will be urban dwellers.当夜晚来临时上海就会揭示它的本色As night falls, Shanghai reveals its true colours.这是中国最快增长的金融中心China's fastest-growing financial centre是这个巨大繁荣的中心is in the midst of a massive boom.其人口估计超过2千万With an estimated population of more than 20 million, 上海无疑是中国最大Shanghai is officially China's largest也是最耀眼的城市and certainly its most dazzling city.但他的辉煌背后存在着环境代价But there is an environmental cost.上海居民使用的电力是Shanghai residents now use two and a half times more power per head 郊区居民的2.5倍than their rural cousins.这个城市近乎贪得无厌的能源需求The city's seemingly insatiable energy demands得需要17个电厂来提供满足currently require the output of 17 power stations.上海往南城市灯光逐渐暗淡South of Shanghai the city lights gradually fade好象我们进入了一个古老的世界as we enter an ancient world.这是福建省This is Fujian Province,一个崎岖的地域 a rugged terrain由于花岗岩大山的护卫guarded by sheer granite mountains which have helped to forge and preserve 使得一些中国最古老的遗址和传统文化得以稳固并保存some of China's most ancient sites and traditional cultures. 远高出海边地带坐落着1400米高的太姥山Towering above the coast, the 1,400-metre-high Taimu Mountains是中国人熟识的“海上仙都”are known to the Chinese as "Fairyland on the Sea". 潮湿的海风在寒冷的山顶凝聚Moist sea breezes condense on the cool mountaintops并与排水良好的酸性土壤结合and combine with well-drained acid soils便形成了完美的种植环境to produce the perfect growing conditions适合喜酸性的植物——例如野杜鹃for acid-loving plants like wild azaleas.也合适生长山茶It's also home to camellias, including the most famous of all, 包括最著名的茶树种植the tea plant.沿着福建沿海一带的类似种植环境Similar growing conditions all along the Fujian coast使得中国茶叶独享其尊make this the treasure chest for China's tea,其茶产业远可源自4000多年前the heart of an industry dating back almost 4,000 years.这个地区最传统的茶树栽培文化One of the most traditional tea-growing cultures in the area 当数这里的客家人沿袭的is that of the Kejia people.每天清晨山羊被放养在这些茶树梯田间Every morning, goats are let loose among the tea terraces, 这是个历史悠久的传统 a centuries-old tradition.看起来好象很奇怪让这些This might seem surprising given goats' reputation山羊去吃这些绿色的植物for eating anything green,不过茶树并不像看上去那样毫无设防but tea isn't as defenceless as it looks.茶叶中存在刺激性的化学成分Tea leaves are loaded with bitter chemicals以驱走啃食的动物designed to repel browsing animals.这对山羊很有效It works on the goats,它们只是吃光茶树外的杂草who leave the tea untouched and instead eat up the weeds,它们的粪便恰好茶树供给了养分fertilising the tea plants with their droppings.惊讶的是我们人类The surprise is that we humans却还没发现同样刺激性的化学鸡尾酒should find the same bitter chemical cocktail以便让人类根本不敢染指utterly irresistible.对客家人而言种植茶树是家族事业Among the Kejia people, tea-growing is a family business. 女人们采摘男人门加工打包Women do the picking, while the men process and pack it. 张女士是一名客家家族的成员Mrs Zhang belongs to a Kejia family她们家族在这片同样的茶园that has lived and worked for generations生活劳作了数个世代among these same tea terraces.最精良的茶叶需要在温暖的阳光里快速采摘The finest tea needs to be gathered quickly in warm sunshine 这样可以让茶叶保留有茶油的香味as this brings out the flavour-enhancing oils inside the leaves. 这个可持续的产业使得中国最精美的地形之一This sustainable industry has protected one of China's finest landscapes和最传统文化之一得以保存下来and one of its most traditional cultures.在早上采摘之后At the end of the morning's picking,张女士把茶叶带回家以待加工Mrs Zhang returns home to drop off her tea ready for processing. 这个城堡式样的建筑在过去This fort-like design has survived from a time客家人得以从与敌对的当地部落势力when the Kejia needed to protect themselves斗争中幸存下来against hostile local tribes.每个房子有3到4层Each house has three or four levels以适合50到250人居住designed to accommodate 50 to 250 people.最底层是厨房和家畜使用The ground floor houses the kitchens and animal stock 同时有一条通道通向水井取水with access to a well for water.第一层房间用作储藏The first floor rooms are used for storage第二层作为寝居and the upper floors are bedrooms.这一些很非凡的建筑已有800多年历史了Some of these remarkable buildings are 800 years old 经历了地震和台风并完整的保存了下来and have survived earthquakes and typhoons.当收集一定数量茶叶时下一步加工开始了Once enough tea has been gathered in, the processing begins.把绿色茶叶变为市场销售的茶叶Turning green leaves into saleable tea最少包含8个步骤involves at least eight different stages,包括干燥捻细筛挤压和扭拧including drying, bruising, sifting, squeezing and twisting,这些都是成品打包前必须的步骤before the finished product is finally ready for packing. 张女士的村庄出产“小黑龙”茶The Zhang's village produces "little black dragon", 即——乌龙茶or oolong tea,其称呼源于冲泡茶叶时so called because of the way its twisted leaves unfurl那宛如蟠龙舒展的姿态when water is poured over them.茶在客家人生活中占据着重要地位Tea plays a vital part in Kejia life,既是一个收入来源也是一种迎宾之道not only as a source of income, but also as a way to welcome visitors它将人们联系在一起and bring people together.在中国人传统生活中In traditional Chinese life,即使最简单的一杯茶也被赋以复杂的仪式even the simplest cup of tea is poured with an intricate amount of ritual.在过去In the past,客家人的其他主要收入来自运送像茶叶一样的货物the Kejia people's other main income came from transporting goods like tea穿越变幻莫测的山川和河流入口across the treacherous topography of mountains and river estuaries.他们的运输路线在1059年变得轻松易行Their route was suddenly made easier when, in 1059, 一切归于这座名桥的建造this remarkable bridge was built.它的桥面由重达10吨的花岗岩架设而成Made from massive 10-ton slabs of granite,是中国不太知名的建筑奇葩之一it is one of China's lesser-known architectural gems.洛阳桥历经地震狂潮风采依旧Luoyang Bridge has withstood earthquakes and tempestuous tides. 被称为“万安渡”的Known as "10,000 ships launching",46座桥墩the bridge's 46 piers在潮水的冲刷下已经屹立的近千年have withstood time and tide for almost a millennium.据当地传说According to folklore,桥的成功在于有远见地应用了生物工程its success is due to a far-sighted piece of bio-engineering. 在桥墩上养殖牡蛎之后Oysters were seeded on the piers利用他们的凝固物可以and ever since, their concretions have helped cement将花岗岩胶合凝结起来the granite blocks together.如今惠安的女人们仍用传统的Today, oysters are still cultivated here方法在这里养殖牡蛎in the traditional way by Hui'an women.屹立在桥下的泥滩之中的岩石Stones are stood in the mudflats below the bridge可以使牡蛎附着生长to encourage the oysters to grow.如今当地人主要用洛阳桥来Luoyang Bridge is now mainly used by locals运送货物穿过河口到港口去carrying goods across the estuary towards the coastal ports.两千多年来For more than 2,000 years,中国的沿海贸易主要依靠于coastal trade in China has depended一种具有开创性卓越性能船on a remarkable and pioneering type of ship,我们称之为舢板known to us as the junk.这艘船所用的的大众化设计This working vessel follows a general design在福建已经使用了600多年that's been in use in Fujian for at least 600 years.船首是画上了两只大眼睛的鸟喙造型Its bows take the form of a beak, with two large painted eyes古代的航员们相信evoking the traditional seafarers' belief鸟的形象可以使海员们平安归来that the bird's image would help sailors return safely,就像每年春秋回来的候鸟一样like the migrants that return each spring and autumn.茶叶和其他货物经防水处理后储存Tea and other goods were stored in strong bulkheads,分储在防水壁中以降低洪涝带来的损失each waterproofed and separated from the next to minimise flood damage.这种保持珍贵茶叶干燥的革新措施This innovation, introduced to keep precious tea cargos dry,不仅改进了中国的船只spurred on the improvement of not only Chinese boats,还改进了西方的船只but Western ones, too.舢板上独特的索具The distinctive rigging of the junk's sails使得它在恶劣的天气下也容易操纵allows easy handling in bad weather,这在风暴肆虐的海边至关重要essential along this storm-battered coast.台风一词源于“大风”的谐音Each year from July to November, up to a dozen typhoons,每年7至11月成批的台风 a corruption of the Chinese word for "great wind",朝西北方向席卷中国而来head northwest towards China.全球像二氧化碳这样的温室气体的增加Typhoons are becoming more frequent as sea 1111111111temperatures rise, 使得海的温度升高aided by a global increase in greenhouse gases,台风也因此变得更加频繁such as carbon dioxide.但卫星图片却显示了一个令人惊讶的转变But satellite pictures have revealed a surprising twist.台风好像可以将深处富含营养的海水It seems that typhoons can pull deep, nutrient-rich seawater带到表面使得浮游生物繁荣繁衍up to the surface causing plankton blooms,而他们又可以吸收大量的二氧化碳which in turn soak up large quantities of carbon dioxide.当台风袭来时When a typhoon strikes,香港因其遮蔽的停泊所one of the best places to be is Hong Kong harbour而成为最佳泊地之一with its sheltered anchorage.作为一个国际贸易中心 A centre of international trade,她以参差错落的摩天大楼the city is famous for its jumble of skyscrapers和熙攘拥挤的商业中心闻名and its bustling commercial centre.但香港还有鲜为人知的一面But there's a side to Hong Kong that's less well known.在这个盲目扩张的城市之中Behind the urban sprawl坐落着一片湿地lies a swathe of wetlands其中就包括米埔野生动物保护区which include the Mai Po Nature Reserve.保护区主要用于保护候鸟Managed principally for the benefit of migrating birds,此外还保存着许多传统的虾塘the reserve maintains a series of traditional prawn farms,也就是基围known as gei wais,还有毗邻的红树林和泥滩and their adjoining mangroves and mudflats.从11月到3月份每两周Every two weeks from November to March,就会打开一个基围塘的水闸排水one of the gei wais is drained by opening up the sluice gates.随着水位下降鸟儿们开始聚集As the water level falls, birds begin to gather.。

BBC美丽中国第六集中英文字幕解析

wild China.美丽中国（Wild China）第六集潮汐更迭Tides of Change 双语对照文本字幕从东端的长城起From the eastern end of the Great Wall,中国的海岸跨度14,500公里China's coast spans 14,500 kilometres并且拥有五千多年的历史and more than 5,000 years of history.在这个方面显示了This is the area which shows the greatest contrast中国的过去和未来之间的差距between China's past and its future.如今中国的东海岸线Today China's eastern seaboard有七亿人口is home to 700 million people,居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth.然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a wealth of wildlife.现在古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀Now, as ancient traditions mingle with new aspirations,那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗is there any room at all for wildlife on China's crowded shores?谨以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区In northern China's Zhalong Nature Reserve,一对丹顶鹤正守望着它们的产卵领土a pair of red-crowned cranes have staked out their nesting territory在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里in the stubble of a commercially managed reed bed.数百年来For centuries,cranes have been revered in China鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇as symbols of longevity.它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁Their statues were placed next to the Emperor's throne.鹤因此而受到赞扬The cranes have cause to celebrate.幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times.丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一Red-crowned cranes are one of the world's most endangered species.在过去的一个世纪Over the last century,中国失去了近一半的沿海湿地China has lost nearly half of its coastal wetlands并且大多数改造地是为了造福人类而非野生动物and most of what remains is managed for the benefit of people, not wildlife.从现在起的数个月 A few months from now,幼鹤和它的家人将面临一场往南方的大迁徙this chick and its parents will face a long migration south来躲避北方的严冬to escape the harsh northern winter.它们将沿着海岸向前Their route will take them along a coast然而这些海岸已经受到人类活动的巨大影响which has been greatly affected by human activity.在它们的征途上Along their journey,the cranes will be joined将有成千上万其他鸟类加入迁徙大军by many thousands of other migrating birds.它们迁徙的方向横跨南渤海湾All heading south across the Bohai Gulf 沿海岸的黄海和中国东海and along the shores of the Yellow and East China Seas,最远甚至抵达中国南海some even reaching as far as the South China Sea寻找一个安全的冬季避难所in search of a safe winter haven.每年候鸟迁徙已持续了数千年之久The annual bird migration has been going on for thousands of years.在中国东北海岸的锦屏山Here at Mount Jinping on China's northeast coast,存留着人类there is surprising evidence曾长期居住过的惊人遗迹that people have lived here almost as long. 七千年前Seven thousand years ago,少昊部落的成员雕刻下的神奇符号members of the Shao Hao tribe carved magical symbols描绘出他们日常生活得到的重要原理representing significant elements of their daily lives.这种岩石雕刻显示出The petroglyphs show wheat sheaves connected by lines to human figures,中国第一个有记录的耕种遗址the first known recordings of cultivation in China.因为常年目睹群鸟迁徙的奇观Familiar with the spectacle of yearly bird migrations,少昊人选择一只鸟的符号作为他们的图腾the Shao Hao people chose a symbol of a bird as their totem.锦屏山位于山东半岛附近Mount Jinping lies near the Shandong peninsula,是候鸟的一个重要越冬场所an important wintering site for migrant birds,即使在今天仍然有鸟群沿着这条海岸线前进and even today there are still communities along this coastline并且和当地的鸟群保持着密切关系who retain a special affinity with their local birdlife.烟墩礁Yandun Jiao village,位于半岛的东北岸on the north-eastern shore of the peninsula, 以其传统特色的海藻覆顶建筑闻名于世is famous for its traditional seaweed-thatched cottages.在早春料峭的清晨On a chilly morning in early spring,屈夫妇在破晓时刻出来碰运气Mr and Mrs Qu venture out at first light带着海民的传统工具——桶和小铲armed with the traditional seaside accessories of bucket and spade.当屈家人朝着港湾前进As the Qus head down into the harbour,一群被当地人 a flock of whooper swans,亲切称为“冬日天使”的大天鹅known affectionately here as "winter angels", 在海湾醒来are waking out in the bay.屈家和他们的邻居在潮落的泥浆中The Qus and their neighbours search for tube holes寻找管状的孔in the mud at low tide,那里意味着有扇贝或竹蛏深藏在泥底the sign of cockles and razor shells hidden deep below.收集贝克是颇为流行的消遣While gathering shellfish is a popular pastime,当地人以出海为主要营生the main business of Yandun Jiao happens further out at sea.当老屈站在启程船只的甲板上As the boats set out,with Mr Qu on board,天鹅并肩掠过the swans set a parallel course.整个海湾是一个巨型海藻农场The whole of the bay is a gigantic seaweed farm.人们整天忙于清理和照料海藻叶The men work all day cleaning and tending the kelp fronds海藻长在巨大浮标舰队互相连接的绳子上that are grown on ropes linked to a vast armada of buoys.天鹅只吃长在绳子表面的本地海藻The swans eat native seaweeds growing on the surface ropes而非更有价值的产物rather than the valuable crop of kelp,所以它们无损经济作物的生长so they do no harm to the commercial operation.下午当风在海上生起In the afternoon,as the wind picks up out at sea,工人和天鹅退回岸边the workers and swans return to shore.当追求与自然和谐的文化While the culture of seeking balance with nature历经远路回归中国的时候goes back a long way in China,在中国拥挤的海岸线很难看到如此和谐的人地关系it is rare to see such harmonious relationships on China's crowded coast.当夜晚降临As evening draws on,屈家人准备了扇贝the Qu family prepare their evening meal of cockles,馒头和海藻做为晚膳steamed bread and seaweed.孩子们谈话声(KIDS CHATTERING)剩菜被村里的孩子们用来喂天鹅Leftovers are given to the village children to feed the swans.这给孩子和村民带来许多乐趣It's fun for the kids and provides并未鸟儿们度过寒夜提供了能量补给an extra energy boost for the birds as they face another cold night.天鹅已经利用这个庇护港The swans have been using this sheltered bay作为冬天的过冬地at as a winter refuge for many generations.只要敬重自然的传统还在As long as the tradition of respect for nature persists,烟墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”间的this remarkable association between the Yandun Jiao community奇妙友谊就会持续下去and their winter angels looks set to continue. 在渤海湾天鹅村的最东北处Out in the Bohai Gulf,northeast of the swan village,一座小小的岩岛为迁徙的鸟儿提供了安静的歇脚地a small rocky island provides a quiet resting spot for migrating birds.但是蛇岛亦潜伏着危险But Shedao Island has hidden dangers.由于海平面上升蝮蛇已被困在这座岛上6000余年Pallas' pit vipers trapped here6,000 years ago by rising sea levels这已演化成一种险恶的生存方式have evolved a sinister lifestyle.每年有10个月For 10 months of the year岛上没有任何食物there is nothing substantial to eat on the island,因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力so the reptiles conserve their energy by barely moving at all.鸟群鸣叫(BIRDS CAWING)当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖As the sun warms their rocky home,这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛the snakes climb up into the bushes and trees.但是它们不是来这晒日光浴的But they aren't here to sunbathe.越来越多的毒蛇出现了More and more vipers appear事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地until virtually every perch where a bird might land等着鸟们上钩has been booby-trapped.“守猎”游戏开始了Then the waiting game begins.蛇隐藏得很好The serpents' camouflage is remarkable,但是蛇攻击鸟的时候but so are the birds' reactions,鸟的反应同样迅速as this high-speed shot reveals.鸟群只在岛上停留几周The birds will only stay on the island for a couple of weeks.但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了But although the snakes have been starving for months,但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径their only hope of bagging a meal is to be patient只能是潜藏起来耐心等待and sit tight.即便最微小的失误The slightest miscalculation也会导致狩猎的失败and the snake is left with a mouthful of feathers.蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味The dropped meal is tracked down mainly by smell,毒蛇用分叉的舌头the viper using its forked tongue分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物to taste the air until it is close enough to see its quarry.最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物The final challenge is to swallow a meal that's twice the size of its head.蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向It does so by dislocating its jaws and positioning its prey使鸟嘴指向后边so the beak is pointing backwards.对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂For the reptiles,this time of plenty is all too brief.再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了In a couple of weeks,the migration will be over鸟群会继续前进and the birds will have moved on.这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐This could be the snake's last meal for six months.但是并不是岛上会经历But it isn't just islands盛宴和饥馑的循环that experience cycles of feast and famine. 海也有季节变化The sea, too, has its seasons,沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化a fact well known to fishing communities along the neighbouring coasts.在初望港In Chuwang harbour,盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明the start of a new fishing season provides the excuse for a massive party.但是对于船主老赵来说But for boat owner Mr Zhao,既有庆祝又有祈祷it's a day of prayer as well as celebration.老赵希望通过祭祀海神Zhao hopes that by presenting gifts and showing respect to the sea goddess,来确保他们来年捕鱼he can help ensure a prosperous and safe year ahead顺利安全for him and his crew.同时鼓声爆竹反映了古人的信念Meanwhile, drums, firecrackers and fireworks reflect the ancient belief古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气that loud noises will frighten off dangerous sea devils and bad fortune.台子中间的那个是海龙的象征Occupying centre stage is a representation of the sea dragon,传说海龙控制着水和天气mythical ruler of water and weather.夜晚风平浪静In the calm of the evening,赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼Mr Zhao and his family light paper boat lanterns.每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神Each flickering flame carries a wish to the sea goddess,这个传统世代传递着a tradition passed on from parents to children over countless generations.在中国拥挤的海岸线上On China's crowded coasts,渔民们必须非常机敏fishermen need to be extremely resourceful. 收渔网是一项繁重的工作Hauling in the nets is hard work,目前为止还没有看到鱼and so far there's not a fish in sight.只有海蜇Only jellyfish.每年无数的海蜇Each year, millions of jellyfish被渤海湾的水流带到南方are carried south with the currents in the Bohai Gulf.这种现象的生态学原因很复杂The ecological story behind this event is complex,但决不是中国特有的but by no means unique to China.海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物Jellyfish are fast-breeding plankton feeders. 近些年来人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥In recent years, human sewage and fertilisers from intensive farming增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度have increased plankton blooms in the Gulf,提供了丰富的海蜇食物providing extra jellyfish food.由于过度捕鱼海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了While over-fishing has reduced their enemies and competitors.这种现象已经It's a phenomenon that has become increasingly widespread在全球蔓延across the world's seas.然而别的地方认为是个问题However, what is seen elsewhere as a problem,在中国却被当成机会in China is perceived as an opportunity.岸上Back on shore,四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里mule carts transport the jellyfish to nearby warehouses在那里处理后销往全国where they will be processed and sold as food all over China.四代人正在饱餐一碗海蜇片Four generations tuck into a bowl of sliced jellyfish,这道菜可以延年益寿the recipe for a long and healthy life.离开了渤海湾Leaving the Bohai Gulf behind,迁徙的鹤群migrating cranes,篦鹭和鸭子里边加入了其他鸟类spoonbills and ducks are joined by other birds,它们都飞向南方寻找安全的冬天栖息地all heading south in search of a safe winter haven.鸟群的迁徙路线顺着黄海The birds' migration route follows the coast of the Yellow Sea一路朝向江苏省down into Jiangsu Province,那里有肥沃的农业风景 a fertile agricultural landscape有中国最后存留的盐沼泽地with some of the last remaining salt marshes in China.大丰At Dafeng,一小块盐沼泽的就是一只幸存动物的家园a small salt marsh reserve is home to an animal which is lucky to be alive.中国人认为麋鹿是奇怪复杂的动物The Chinese see these Milu as a curious composite animal,有像马一样的头with a horse's head,牛一样的脚cow's feet,驴一样的尾巴 a tail like a donkey朝向后边的鹿角and backwards-facing antlers.在西方自从第一个欧洲人In the West, we know it as David's Deer,叫它麋鹿以后我们也这样叫了after the first European to describe it.在发情期During the rut,雄鹿用植物的花环来装饰自己stags decorate themselves with garlands of vegetation这些东西是用鹿角弄的collected in their antlers.激烈的战斗决定谁拥有交配权Fierce battles decide mating rights.雌鹿仍然带着去年的幼鹿The females still have last year's fawns in tow.母鹿在发情期也没有给幼鹿断奶They haven't been weaned by the time of the rut幼鹿聚在一起and band together in large crhes,只回到自己母亲那里喂食only returning to their mothers to feed.这种特殊的行为有助于帮助它们记清楚好斗的雄鹿This unique behaviour helps to keep them clear of the aggressive males.现在中国仅存2500头麋鹿了Today, there are just2,500 Milu in China, 很明显如果再多也很有限but it is remarkable that there are any at all. 在20世纪初期野外的麋鹿濒临灭绝In the early 1900s Milu became extinct in the wild,幸运的是一些良种鹿群被当作礼物送到了欧洲but luckily, some of the Imperial herd had been sent as a gift to Europe.那些在英格兰Woburn Abbey的麋鹿繁衍了下来Those at Woburn Abbey,in England, prospered.20世纪80年代40头鹿被送回了故乡And in the early 1980s, 40 of the deer were returned to their homeland它们在那里继续繁衍生息where they continue to thrive.迁徙的鹤群至今已经The migrating cranes have so far travelled 顺着海岸向南飞行了两千多公里了over 2,000 kilometres southwards along the coast.经过了大丰的麋鹿预留区Passing the Milu Deer Reserve at Dafeng, 它们接近了另一个盐沼泽地they are approaching another salt marsh那里给它们过冬提供了极好的条件which will provide the perfect conditions for them to spend the winter.盐城，中国最大的沿海湿地This is Yancheng,the largest coastal wetland in China,每年估计有三百万鸟拜访这里visited by an estimated three million birds each year.(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)刚出生七个月的幼鹤Crane chicks that were only born seven months ago完成了第一次来回旅行have now completed the first leg of a round trip它们将会每年重复这样which they will repeat every year.坚强的鹤群能应付冬天的温度The hardy cranes can cope with winter temperatures温度可能降到零度以下which may drop below freezing.但是其他迁徙的鸟类比如濒临灭绝的黑面篦鹭However, other migrating birds, like the endangered black-faced spoonbill,就没有那么耐寒are less cold-tolerant它们将要继续南飞寻找更温暖的气候and will continue even further south in search of warmer climes.(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)在这里许多迁徙的鸟群At this point,many of the migrating bird flocks勉强达到了它们南飞旅程的一半are barely halfway along their southward journey.在它们前面还有新的挑战Ahead of them lies a new challenge,中国最伟大的河——长江China's greatest river, the Yangtze,是许多种类迁徙物种的聚集地and the venue for a very different kind of migration.每年上百万吨的货物往来江面Each year, millions of tons of cargo travel up and down the river,使这里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一making this one of the busiest waterways in the world.这些是中华绒蝥蟹These are Chinese mitten crabs,因它们长毛爪子得名named for their strange hairy claws.它们可以迁移长达1500公里They may migrate as much as1,500 kilometres从支流和湖泊一直到河口from tributaries and lakes to the river mouth, 他们在那里繁殖后代where they gather to breed.中华鲟也有相似的迁徙 A similar migration is made by the giant Yangtze sturgeon,中华鲟能长到4米长半吨重which can reach four metres long and weigh half a ton.近些年来它们的数量骤减In recent years,its numbers have declined dramatically这是由于它们的迁徙被越来越多的河坝阻挡了as its migration is impeded by ever more river dams.但是不仅中华鲟有这样的境遇But it isn't just animals like the sturgeon that are in trouble,整个长江的生态系统都遭到了破坏the entire Yangtze River ecosystem is being poisoned.虽然有显耀的清理计划项目In spite of being the subject of an ambitious clean-up plan,估计长江是最大的today the river is reckoned to be the biggest 污染太平洋的单向水源single source of pollution entering the Pacific Ocean.坐落于长江入海口的Situated right at the mouth of its estuary,崇明岛为迁徙的滨鸟Chongming Island provides a vital resting and feeding spot提供了重要的休养生息的地方for migrating shorebirds,人们对长江流域的野生动物的态度不断转变and a place which offers welcome evidence这个地方也是个很好的证明of changing attitudes towards the Yangtze's beleaguered wildlife.几个世纪里这些沿岸泥滩一直吸引许多捕猎者For centuries these coastal mudflats have attracted hunters,就像金先生一样like Mr Jin,他们不断地改善捕猎技巧who have honed their trapping skills to perfection捕获稀有鸟类供上海有钱人食用to put rare birds on the tables of Shanghai's elite.40年里金先生一直用一张网For 40 years Mr Jin has used a net,简单的诱鸟和一只竹笛simple decoy birds and a bamboo whistle来诱惑经过的鸟到他的网里to lure passing birds towards his nets.(笛声)(WHISTLING)这需要耐心和高超的技巧It takes both patience and consummate skill. 但是事情并不总是这样But all is not as it seems.像其他许多最好的自然保护者一样Mr Jin, like many of the best conservationists, 金先生现在由偷猎者变为了看护者is poacher turned gamekeeper,使用他捕猎技艺来保护他原先的猎物using his hunting skills to benefit his old quarry.在东潭鸟类保护基地里The staff here at Dongtan Bird Reserve人们将给这些捕获的鸟测量带环称重will measure, ring and weigh the trapped birds然后把它们释放before releasing them unharmed.由金先生和他的同事们收集的这些信息The information gathered by Mr Jin and his colleagues帮助保护了200多个不同的鸟类helps to protect over 200 different species of birds这些鸟类每年都要来到这个岛屿which visit the island each year.在崇明岛正南端Just south of Chongming Island是中国最大的海边城市——上海lies China's largest coastal city, Shanghai.上海处于一条河流生物和鸟类迁徙的路径上Situated on a major migration route for birds as well as river life,现在它正进行一个更大的侵袭动作Shanghai is now preparing for an even bigger invasion.满载着建筑材料的驳船不停的到达这个城市的码头Barges loaded with building materials constantly arrive in the city's docks,来满足这个世界最繁忙建设之一的需要feeding one of the greatest construction booms in the world.去年全世界一半的水泥都运往中国的各个城市Last year, half the world's concrete was poured into China's cities,这些都是为了人类历史上最大规模的all in preparation for the biggest mass migration of people人口迁移做准备in the history of the world.在未来25年里预计有超过3亿中国人In the next 25 years,well over 300 million people将从中国农村迁移到城市例如上海are predicted to move from rural China into cities like Shanghai.从农村到城市的人类迁移The migration of people from country to city在全世界各地都可以看到is being mirrored around the world,and by 2010到2010年超过一半的世界人口将成为城市居住者over half of the world's population will be urban dwellers.当夜晚来临时上海就会揭示它的本色As night falls,Shanghai reveals its true colours.这是中国最快增长的金融中心China's fastest-growing financial centre 是这个巨大繁荣的中心is in the midst of a massive boom.其人口估计超过2千万With an estimated population of more than 20 million,上海无疑是中国最大Shanghai is officially China's largest也是最耀眼的城市and certainly its most dazzling city.但他的辉煌背后存在着环境代价But there is an environmental cost.上海居民使用的电力是Shanghai residents now use two and a half times more power per head郊区居民的2.5倍than their rural cousins.这个城市近乎贪得无厌的能源需求The city's seemingly insatiable energy demands得需要17个电厂来提供满足currently require the output of 17 power stations.上海往南城市灯光逐渐暗淡South of Shanghai the city lights gradually fade好象我们进入了一个古老的世界as we enter an ancient world.这是福建省This is Fujian Province,一个崎岖的地域 a rugged terrain由于花岗岩大山的护卫guarded by sheer granite mountains which have helped to forge and preserve使得一些中国最古老的遗址和传统文化得以稳固并保存some of China's most ancient sites and traditional cultures.远高出海边地带坐落着1400米高的太姥山Towering above the coast,the 1,400-metre-high Taimu Mountains是中国人熟识的“海上仙都”are known to the Chinese as "Fairyland on the Sea".潮湿的海风在寒冷的山顶凝聚Moist sea breezes condense on the cool mountaintops并与排水良好的酸性土壤结合and combine with well-drained acid soils便形成了完美的种植环境to produce the perfect growing conditions 适合喜酸性的植物——例如野杜鹃for acid-loving plants like wild azaleas.也合适生长山茶It's also home to camellias,including the most famous of all,包括最著名的茶树种植the tea plant.沿着福建沿海一带的类似种植环境Similar growing conditions all along the Fujian coast使得中国茶叶独享其尊make this the treasure chest for China's tea, 其茶产业远可源自4000多年前the heart of an industry dating back almost 4,000 years.这个地区最传统的茶树栽培文化One of the most traditional tea-growing cultures in the area当数这里的客家人沿袭的is that of the Kejia people.每天清晨山羊被放养在这些茶树梯田间Every morning, goats are let loose among the tea terraces,这是个历史悠久的传统 a centuries-old tradition.看起来好象很奇怪让这些This might seem surprising given goats' reputation山羊去吃这些绿色的植物for eating anything green,不过茶树并不像看上去那样毫无设防but tea isn't as defenceless as it looks.茶叶中存在刺激性的化学成分Tea leaves are loaded with bitter chemicals 以驱走啃食的动物designed to repel browsing animals.这对山羊很有效It works on the goats,它们只是吃光茶树外的杂草who leave the tea untouched and instead eat up the weeds,它们的粪便恰好茶树供给了养分fertilising the tea plants with their droppings.惊讶的是我们人类The surprise is that we humans却还没发现同样刺激性的化学鸡尾酒should find the same bitter chemical cocktail以便让人类根本不敢染指utterly irresistible.对客家人而言种植茶树是家族事业Among the Kejia people,tea-growing is a family business.女人们采摘男人门加工打包Women do the picking,while the men process and pack it.张女士是一名客家家族的成员Mrs Zhang belongs to a Kejia family她们家族在这片同样的茶园that has lived and worked for generations 生活劳作了数个世代among these same tea terraces.最精良的茶叶需要在温暖的阳光里快速采摘The finest tea needs to be gathered quickly in warm sunshine这样可以让茶叶保留有茶油的香味as this brings out the flavour-enhancing oils inside the leaves.这个可持续的产业使得中国最精美的地形之一This sustainable industry has protected one of China's finest landscapes和最传统文化之一得以保存下来and one of its most traditional cultures.在早上采摘之后At the end of the morning's picking,张女士把茶叶带回家以待加工Mrs Zhang returns home to drop off her tea ready for processing.这个城堡式样的建筑在过去This fort-like design has survived from a time客家人得以从与敌对的当地部落势力when the Kejia needed to protect themselves斗争中幸存下来against hostile local tribes.每个房子有3到4层Each house has three or four levels以适合50到250人居住designed to accommodate50 to 250 people. 最底层是厨房和家畜使用The ground floor houses the kitchens and animal stock同时有一条通道通向水井取水with access to a well for water.第一层房间用作储藏The first floor rooms are used for storage 第二层作为寝居and the upper floors are bedrooms.这一些很非凡的建筑已有800多年历史了Some of these remarkable buildings are 800 years old经历了地震和台风并完整的保存了下来and have survived earthquakes and typhoons.当收集一定数量茶叶时下一步加工开始了Once enough tea has been gathered in,the processing begins.把绿色茶叶变为市场销售的茶叶Turning green leaves into saleable tea最少包含8个步骤involves at least eight different stages,包括干燥捻细筛挤压和扭拧including drying, bruising,sifting, squeezing and twisting,这些都是成品打包前必须的步骤before the finished product is finally ready for packing.张女士的村庄出产“小黑龙”茶The Zhang's village produces"little black dragon",即——乌龙茶or oolong tea,其称呼源于冲泡茶叶时so called because of the way its twisted leaves unfurl那宛如蟠龙舒展的姿态when water is poured over them.茶在客家人生活中占据着重要地位Tea plays a vital part in Kejia life,既是一个收入来源也是一种迎宾之道not only as a source of income,but also as a way to welcome visitors它将人们联系在一起and bring people together.在中国人传统生活中In traditional Chinese life,即使最简单的一杯茶也被赋以复杂的仪式even the simplest cup of tea is poured with an intricate amount of ritual.在过去In the past,客家人的其他主要收入来自运送像茶叶一样的货物the Kejia people's other main income came from transporting goods like tea穿越变幻莫测的山川和河流入口across the treacherous topography of mountains and river estuaries.他们的运输路线在1059年变得轻松易行Their route was suddenly made easier when, in 1059,一切归于这座名桥的建造this remarkable bridge was built.它的桥面由重达10吨的花岗岩架设而成Made from massive10-ton slabs of granite,是中国不太知名的建筑奇葩之一it is one of China's lesser-known architectural gems.洛阳桥历经地震狂潮风采依旧Luoyang Bridge has withstood earthquakes and tempestuous tides.被称为“万安渡”的Known as "10,000 ships launching",46座桥墩the bridge's 46 piers在潮水的冲刷下已经屹立的近千年have withstood time and tide for almost a millennium.据当地传说According to folklore,桥的成功在于有远见地应用了生物工程its success is due to a far-sighted piece of bio-engineering.在桥墩上养殖牡蛎之后Oysters were seeded on the piers利用他们的凝固物可以and ever since,their concretions have helped cement将花岗岩胶合凝结起来the granite blocks together.如今惠安的女人们仍用传统的Today, oysters are still cultivated here方法在这里养殖牡蛎in the traditional way by Hui'an women.屹立在桥下的泥滩之中的岩石Stones are stood in the mudflats below the bridge可以使牡蛎附着生长to encourage the oysters to grow.如今当地人主要用洛阳桥来Luoyang Bridge is now mainly used by locals运送货物穿过河口到港口去carrying goods across the estuary towards the coastal ports.两千多年来For more than 2,000 years,中国的沿海贸易主要依靠于coastal trade in China has depended一种具有开创性卓越性能船on a remarkable and pioneering type of ship, 我们称之为舢板known to us as the junk.这艘船所用的的大众化设计This working vessel follows a general design 在福建已经使用了600多年that's been in use in Fujian for at least 600 years.船首是画上了两只大眼睛的鸟喙造型Its bows take the form of a beak,with two large painted eyes古代的航员们相信evoking the traditional seafarers' belief鸟的形象可以使海员们平安归来that the bird's image would help sailors return safely,就像每年春秋回来的候鸟一样like the migrants that return each spring and autumn.茶叶和其他货物经防水处理后储存Tea and other goods were stored in strong bulkheads,分储在防水壁中以降低洪涝带来的损失each waterproofed and separated from the next to minimise flood damage.这种保持珍贵茶叶干燥的革新措施This innovation, introduced to keep precious tea cargos dry,不仅改进了中国的船只spurred on the improvement of not only Chinese boats,还改进了西方的船只but Western ones, too.舢板上独特的索具The distinctive rigging of the junk's sails使得它在恶劣的天气下也容易操纵allows easy handling in bad weather,这在风暴肆虐的海边至关重要essential along this storm-battered coast.台风一词源于“大风”的谐音Each year from July to November,up to a dozen typhoons,每年7至11月成批的台风 a corruption of the Chinese word for "great wind",朝西北方向席卷中国而来head northwest towards China.全球像二氧化碳这样的温室气体的增加Typhoons are becoming more frequent as sea temperatures rise,使得海的温度升高aided by a global increase in greenhouse gases,台风也因此变得更加频繁such as carbon dioxide.但卫星图片却显示了一个令人惊讶的转变But satellite pictures have revealed a。

wildchina_碧山旅游的领导力

“美丽中国”的领导力（个人翻译，仅做参考）2005年5月，首席执行官提出辞职张玫，“美丽中国”的创始人，当接到她远在洛杉矶丈夫和孩子打来的电话时，脸上正挂着微笑。

然而，当她凝望“美丽中国”办公室外北京灰蒙蒙的天空时，笑容很快消退了，她又开始思考这个她赖以实现梦想、分享旅游激情的公司未来该怎么走。

就在2000年夏天，她用了10万美元开始发展“美丽中国”。

2001年美国的9·11恐怖袭击造成了许多旅游订单取消，但“美丽中国”度过了这个难关，并在2002年实现了盈利。

张并不满足公司这样的业绩增长速度，于是决定重构公司领导层寻求更大的发展。

她雇佣了杰姆·斯坦，他以前是泰京银行的高级主管，是一位有着深厚中国背景的美国华侨。

2003年3月，杰姆·斯坦出任公司首席运营官，此时一场更大的危机已经形成：非典流行病的快速传播。

2004年底，公司的业绩再次得到了飞速发展。

张任命斯坦为公司首席执行官，自己举家搬迁到洛杉矶，并仍然维持自己公司董事长的身份。

在某个重要客户的坚持下，张在2005年5月回国去带一个团队。

回国以后张发现近期公司总是错失一些重要订单，她很不满意并要求斯坦将更多的精力投入到顾客工作中去。

而斯坦的反应竟是：“也许我九月离职对你和公司都更好。

”张对他的离职威胁表示抗议，于是斯坦答应留任到年底。

张心里开始考虑是不是应该修复他们俩之间的关系，或许斯坦并不是真的要离职，他就是想让自己给他点台阶下吧。

也许是吧，她开始反省自己，就因为最近账面上不是很漂亮，给了他太大的压力，我应该承认不可能每件事都能顺我的心意。

毕竟再去请一个首席执行官实在太难了，何况时间又这么紧。

张玫：创业之路1971年，张玫出生在云南大理的一个小村庄。

适时，中国的西南部跟沿海城市相比还很落后，基本不怎么对外开放。

张是这么描述她在“社会主义中国”中度过的童年：我来自一个典型的工人家庭，因为在我家是没有“妈妈”这个角色的，男孩女孩都一视同仁，我一直坚信：“男孩能做，我也能做！”我就读的小学是我爸厂里的附属学校。

美丽中国中英文字幕第01集龙之心 Heart of the Dragon

美丽中国（Wild China）第一集龙之心Heart of the Dragon最后的隐世净土The last hidden world中国China数世纪来旅人传诵着关于这片神奇土地For centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapes以及那些神奇生物的传说and surprising creatures中国文明是世界最古老的文明Chinese civilization is the world's oldest而如今是最宏博的and today it's largest那数十亿的人民with well over a billion people现存超过五十个民族It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups以及各式各样贴近自然的and a wide range of traditional life styles传统生活方式often inclose partnership with nature我们都知道中国面对着着众多社会环境问题We know that China faces immense social and environmental problems但这里也存在着令人窒息的美丽but there is great beauty here too中国有着世界最高峰China is home to the world's highest mountains,从无垠的炙热沙漠vast deserts ranging from from searing hot 到麻木大脑的寒冷地带to mind numbing cold以及那蒸笼般的森林中steaming forests隐匿的各种珍稀生物harboring rare creatures天际下广阔无垠的草原grassy plains beneath vast horizons以及富饶的热带海洋and rich tropical seas现在我们第一次有机会Now, for the first time ever深入探索这片伟大的土地we can explore the whole of this great country接触栖息于此的珍奇生物meet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live here目睹中国这片神奇土地上and consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of China人与野生世界的羁绊to the remarkable landscaping which they live这就是最原味的中国This is wild China仅以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland我们的中国探索之旅始于南方的亚热带Our exploration of China begins in the warm subtropical south漓江的渔人和鱼鸟栖坐在竹筏上On the Li River fishermen and birds perch on bamboo rafts这个组合已延续千年之久 a partnership that goes back more than a thousand years这景致已为世人所熟悉This scenery is known throughout the world 那是中国水墨永恒的主题 a recurring motif in Chinese paintings和旅人永远的胜地and a major tourist attraction中国南部是片有英国国土The south of China is a vast area九倍之大的广阔土地eight times larger than the UK这里是山雨的国度It's a landscape of hills but also of water这里一年之中有250天在降雨It rains here for up to 250 days a year到处都是积水and standing water is everywhere在扬子江的涝原In a floodplain of the Yangtse River黑尾鹬在泥泞中寻索着虫子black-tailed godwits probe the mud in search of worms并非只有野生动物在这样的环境下茁壮成长But it isn't just wildlife that thrive in this environment 沼泽般湿润肥沃的土地为作物家族最显著的成员提供了最理想的环境the swampy ground provides ideal conditions for the remarkable member of the grass family这就是稻米rice中国有着至少8000年的稻米种植史The Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least 8 thousand years他们改变了这块土地It has transformed the landscape对云南南部的农民而言冬末是个繁忙的季节Late winter in southern Yunnan is a busy time for local farmers因为他们要为即将来临的春天整顿这片古老的稻田as they prepare the age-old paddy field ready for the coming spring元阳县的山坡以2000M之势These hill slopes of Yuanyang county斜插于红河谷地的河床plunge nearly 2000m to the floor of the Red River Valley包含了上千由原始刨掘工具所创造出的梯田each contains literally thousands of stack terraces carved out by hand using basic digging tools云南的梯田是中国最古老人类耕作痕迹中Yunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China依旧被耕种使用的土地still ploughed as they always have been正如千百年来的习俗一样by domesticated water buffaloes源自云南河谷的家养水牛承担了耕作的重任whose ancestors originated in these very valleys这片人力开拓的土地是工业化前中国最惊奇宏伟的壮景This man-made landscape is one of the most amazing engineering feats of preindustrial China似乎这里的每一寸土地It seems as if every square inch of land都被打上了农耕的痕迹has been pressed into cultivation当薄暮降临As evening approaches另一场古老的仪式上演an age-old ritual unfolds现在是交配的季节It's the mating season雄禾田蛙们为了吸引异性而卖力高鸣and male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of females但这并非总能为你吸引来关注的目光But it dosen't always pay to draw too much attention to youself中国池鹭是个饕餮掠食者The Chinese Pond Heron is a crapulous predator就算在耕作过的稻田中央Even in the middle of a ploughed paddy field也会上演喙与爪的血腥剧目nature is red in beak and claw或许这看上去像一场屠杀This may look like a slaughter但每只池鹭一次只能吞噬一只蛙but as each heron can swallow only one frog at a time此时剩余的多数派得以逃生并获得了明日再度高歌的机会the vast majority will escape to croak another day元阳县这样广泛种植水稻的Terrace paddies like those of YunYang county are found across much of southern China梯田横贯中国南部This whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivation苗族人在炎热的贵州发展了高度发达的水稻种植In heated Guizhou province the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice culture苗族人把木屋建立在陡峭低产的山壁上With every inch of fertile land given over to rice cultivation用其余每寸丰饶的土地来种植水稻the Miao build their wooden houses on the steepest and least productive hillsides所有东西在中国农村都自有其用处In Chinese rural life everything has a use牛棚里的肥料在太阳下晒干用作煮饭的燃料dried in the sun manure from the cowsheds would be used as cooking fuel中午时分宋家人正饱餐以米和蔬菜为主的中饭It's midday and the Song family are tucking into a lunch of rice and vegetables老祖父宋古永置身于天伦之乐外Oblivious to the domestic chitchat 寻思着重要的事情granddad Guyong Song has serious maters on his mind春季是稻禾生长的伊始时节Spring is a start of the rice growing season庄稼的长势决定了来年宋家人的生计the success of the crop will determin how well the family will eat next year因而选择合适的时机进行耕作是至关重要的so planting at the right time is critical时机的选择取决于当年的天气情况The ideal date depends on what the weather will do this year而这些却是永难估料的never easy to predict但是身边就存在着贴心小帮手But there is some surprising help at hand宋家厅堂房梁上的是一对刚从冬季迁徙中归来的金腰燕On the cielling of the Song's living room a pair of red-rumpedswallownewly arrive from their winter migration他们正在为装潢新一年度的宅邸而忙碌is busy fixing up last year's nest 在中国动物们被赋予独特的象征意义并被细心呵护In China animals are valued does much for their symbolic meaning as for many good they may do苗族人笃信成双燕终身相伴不离不弃Miao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithfulfor life因此他们的存在被视为so their presence is a favor and a blessing幸福生活与美满婚姻的象征bringing happiness to a marriage and good luck to a home如大多数苗人一样宋家起居室的窗子可以眺望见成片的梯田Like most Miao dwellings, the Song's living room windows look out over the paddy fields从早春起一扇窗子便为了方便燕子往返穿飞而敞开From early spring, one of these windows is always left open to let the swallows come and go freely古老爹知晓每年燕子归来的确切时间Each year granddad Gu knows the exact day the swallows return苗族人坚信这些鸟儿的归来预示着春季的来临Miao people believe the birds arrival predicts the timing of a season ahead然而今年他们姗姗来迟This year, they were late因而古老爹和其他族中长老一致认为今年的插秧应当推迟so Gu and the other community elders have agreed that rice planting should be delayed accordingly当苗族人为了插秧而整备田地时As the Miao prepare their fields for planting燕子们或搜集修整巢穴用的泥巴the swallows collect mud to repair their nests或穿越新耕的稻田追逐昆虫and chase after insects across the newly ploughed paddies最终经过了几周的准备Finally, after weeks of preparation这个预定种植的时刻来临了the ordained time for planting has arrived首先秧苗必须从苗床上连根拔起but first the seedlings must be uproot from the nursery beds扎成捆移植到高处山地and bundled up ready to be transported to their new paddy那崭新的苗床上higher up the hillside宋家邻里乡亲全员出动帮助移植All the Song's neighbors have turned out to help with the transplanting这是一直来他们的集体协作方式It's how the community has always worked当然一旦时刻来临宋家人也会做出相同行为来报恩when the time comes, the Songs will return the favor当农户们忙碌在田埂间时While the farmers are busy in the fields飞燕们则衔着修整巢穴的材料来来往往the swallows fly back and forth with material for their nest 人多力量大Many hands make light work插秧的整个过程只持续了仅一个多小时planting the new paddy takes a little more than an hour当工作完成农户们得以休息Job done, the villagers can relax至少在明天来临之前at least until tomorrow然而对这些筑巢的飞鸟而言修筑家园的宏大工程But for the nesting swallows, the work of raising a family才刚刚开始has only just begun新耕种的田地里In the newly planted fields白鹭在寻找食物little egrets hunt for foods稻田成了虫鱼蝌蚪的乐园The rice paddy harbor tadpoles fish and insects而白鹭正好以此哺育幼鸟and egrets have chicks to feed重庆自然保护区建立于1996年This colony in Chongqing province is established in 1996当成群的鸟儿安家在阳光村后方的小竹林when a few dozen birds build nests in the bamboo grove behind YanGuang village当地人将其视为幸运的使者Believing they were assigned of luck 他们最初小心保护这些白鹭和他们的栖息地local people initially protected the egrets and the colony grove但当村长病重后他们的态度发生了转变But their attitude change when the head of the village fell ill当政府开始介入保护鸟群时They blame the birds and were all set to destroy their nests他们开始敌视鸟群并着手摧毁巢穴when the local government stepped in to protect them易弯曲的竹子或许并非安家的最佳场所Bendy bamboo may not be the safest nesting place但至少这些小家伙们不会成为捕食者的腹中餐but at least these youngsters won't end up at someone's dinner这些小家伙刚从母亲嘴里分得美食These chicks have just had a meal delivered by their mom对新生的小嘴着实是一大挑战quite a challenge for litter beaks介于他们的栖息地是受保护的Providing their colonies are protected 像白鹭这样的候鸟是少数直接从发达的水稻种植中获益的鸟类wading birds like egrets are among the few wild creatures which benefit directly from intensive rice cultivation水稻生长需要大量的水Growing rice needs lots of water但即便是在多雨的南方有些土地也面临缺水的危机but even in the rainy south, there are landscapes where water is surprisingly scarce相当于法国和西班牙国土加起来那么大This vast area of southwest China的中国西南的广阔土地the size of France and Spain combined 因为宛如被干燥中空的谷地隔离开来的巨大蛋盒般is famous for its clusters of conical hills 连绵的锥形山脉而闻名于世like giant upturned egg carton seperated by dry empty valleys这就是喀斯特地貌This is the karst石灰石地貌俨然成为南部中国的标志性特征a limestone terrain which has become the defining image of southern China喀斯特地貌通常以突起的裸岩状态分布Karst landscapes are often studded with rocky outcrops这迫使当地农民只得在破碎的小块土地上耕作forcing local farmers to cultivate tiny fields当地人是中国最贫穷的居民之一The people who live here are among the poorest in China在毗邻的云南省In neighboring Yunnan province遍布着石灰石limestone rocks have taken over entirely这就是著名的石林This is the famous Stone Forest无数年侵蚀作用的产物the product of countless years of erosion造就了无数的狭道与巅峰producing a maze of deep gullets and sharp-edged pinnacles石灰石有一个独性那就是能被雨水分解Limestone has a strange property that is dissolves in rain water在数千年的漫长光阴中水的侵蚀深入到岩床的心脏地带Over many thousands of years, water has corrode its way deep into the heart of the bedrock itself这一自然奇观成为了著名的旅游景点This natural wonder has a famous tourist spot每年的访客数量多达200万人receiving close to 2 million visitors each year中国人特别喜好奇形怪状的岩石The Chinese are fond of curiously shaped rocks并以为嶙峋怪石冠上千奇百怪的名字为乐and many have been given fanciful names但没人来猜测这个块怪石的名字No prices for guessing what this one is called但百闻不如置身这片奇妙山地亲身一见But there is more to this lands cape than meets the eye在中国醒目的喀斯特地貌下China has literally thousands of mysterious caverns隐匿着无数的神秘洞穴concealed beneath the visible landscape of the karst这些隐秘世界大多不为世人所知Much of this hidden world has never been seen by human eyes而现在他们将被展现在世人眼前And it's only just now being explored奇险洞穴中再现了一场终极的探险For a growing band of intrepid young Chinese explorers主角是一群日渐成长初生牛犊般的年轻探险家caves represent the ultimate adventure探索一个洞穴犹如一场穿越时空的探险Exploring a cave is like taking the journey through time常年积水叮咚伴随着无止境般的旅途a journey which endless raindrops would have followed over countless centuries水滴潺潺落下Fed by countless drips and trickles地下河流深切入岩the subterranean river carves ever deeper into the rock石灰岩河床将洞穴的河道分割成千沟万壑The cave river's course is channeled by the beds of limestone石灰岩薄弱处被河水冲刷差距的陡坡处水量激增A weakness in the rock can not allow the river to increase its gradient flowrate为洞穴探险带来相当的挑战providing a real challenge for the cave explorers水流到达地下水位后便停止下流The downward rushes halted when the water table is reached这里缓缓流动的河流切割出一条圆形隧道Here the slow flowing river carves tunnels with a more rounded profile这静谧的世界是穴居鱼的家This tranquil world is home to specialized cave fishes比如无目金鲃like the eye-less Golden Barb中国或许拥有地球上种类最为繁多的China may have unique kinds of cave evolved fishes洞穴进化鱼than anywhere else on Earth在地下水位线Above the water table远古洞穴溢满的河水中充斥着石笋和钟乳石ancient caverns abandoned by the river slowly fill up with stalactites and stalagmites含有沉积物的水流St alactites form as trickling water deposites tiny quantities of rock在千万年间“滴水成石”over hundreds or thousands of years含有石灰质的水滴落石床形成石笋Stalagmites grow up where lime laid and drips hit the cave floor迄今为止被探索发掘的中国洞穴是中国大地上的九牛一毛So far, only a fraction of China's caves have been thoroughly prospected而被发掘的洞穴不断为我们展现地底奇观and caves are constantly discovering new subterranean marvels许多在后来被开发成了商业景点many of which are subsequently developed into commercial show caves探索者沿着洞穴河流出山谷的轨迹逃离了黑暗Finally escaping the darkness 在远离出发地的河谷the cave river and its human explorers emerge in a valley far from where their journey began这场冒险拉上了帷幕or now the adventure is over源自洞穴河流Rivers which issue from caves为喀斯特地区提供了生命之泉are the key to survival in the karst country 贵州的垂直峡谷This vertical gorge in Guizhou province成为了当地野生动物的密集焦点is a focal point for the region's wildlife这是世界上最珍稀的灵长类之一This is one of the world's rarest primates白颊黑叶猴Francois's langur在中国他们只残存于两个南部省份In China, they survive in just two southern provinces贵州与广西Guizhou and Guangxi多半栖息于崎岖的石灰岩地貌地带always in ragged limestone terrains正如大多数猴子一样他们是社会性生物Like most monkeys, they're social creatures并且他们乐于耗费大把时间为彼此整理仪容and spend a great deal of time grooming each other叶猴是个不折不扣以嫩芽、嫩叶、水果为食的素食主义者Langurs are essentially vegetarian with a diet of buds, fruits, and tender young leaves叶猴宝宝裹着姜黄色的毛发出生Babies are born with ginger fur这些毛发随着生长逐渐从尾部开始变成黑色which gradually turns black from the tail end叶猴宝宝虎钳般的爪Young infants have a vise-like grip帮助他们附着在妈妈身上以保证安全used for cling on to mom for dare life随着年龄的增长As they get older他们越发胆大，并开始常识更多刺激they get bolder and take more risks这些是经历诸多冒险后的幸存者Those have survive spend a lot of time travelling尽管经验丰富的成年叶猴深知Yet experienced adults know exactly where to find seasonal food到守备范围内不同区域的哪里去寻觅当季的食物in different parts of their range在如此陡峭的地带In such steep terrain旅途顺利包含了高超的攀爬技巧travel involves a high level of climbing skill这些猴子打会走路起就是卓越的攀岩专家These monkeys are spectacularly good rock climbers from the time they learnt to walk叶猴族群In langur society是母系社会females rule the roost并且是举家迁徙的领队人物and take the lead when the family is on the move峭壁一侧One section of cliff分泌的水是富含矿物质的woops is a trickle of mineral-rich water 这对猴子们而言是不可抗拒的诱惑which the monkeys seem to find irresistible如今麻阳河自然保护区已鲜有危及猴宝宝的捕食者These days there are few predators in the Mayanghe Reserve which might pose a risk to baby monkey然而在过去的数个世纪but in past centuries, this area of south China中国南部的这个地区是豹子巨蟒甚至老虎的家was home to leopards, pythons, and even tigers为了在暗夜潜行者的利爪下存活To survive dangerous night prowlers叶猴们前往地底the langurs went underground用他们的高超的攀爬技巧爬到洞穴上方寻找庇护所using their rock climbing skills to seek shelter in inaccessible caverns夜视镜在近乎黑暗的坏境下记录下Filmed in near darkness using a night vision camera叶猴一家爬上了the troop clambers along familiar ledges 被数代猴族磨蚀光润的石壁的情景worn smooth by generations before them 当冬日寒冷来袭During cold winter weather猴子们则冒险潜入the monkeys venture deeper underground 空气相对保持温暖的地下where the air stays comparatively warm 旅途的终点At last, journeys end,高悬的庇护所使得最激进的捕食者都束手无策a coated niche beyond the reach of even the most enterprising predator并非只有猴子们在洞穴中寻找遮蔽But it's not just monkeys that find shelter in caves这些孩子们刚放学These children are off to school在中国农村每天早上都意味着一段In rural China, that may mean a long trek each morning穿越一两个洞穴的艰苦跋涉passing through a cave or two on the way然而并非所有孩子都要徒步上学But not all pupils have to walk to school这些孩子是寄宿生These children are boarders当孩子们快要到达学校时As the day pupils near journey's end住宿生还在做早饭the boarders are still making breakfast 校园内仿若被关掉了灯一般黑暗In the school yard, someone seems to have switched the lights off但这里其实并没有正规的操场But this is no ordinary play ground以及正规的学校and no ordinary school只不过是座Its house洞穴中的房屋而已inside a cave天然拱顶阻隔了雨水 A natural vault of rock keeps out the rain为教室省去了屋顶so there is no need for a roof on the classroom中东洞穴学校由六个班级Zhongdong cave school is made up of 6 classes共200名学生组成with a total of 200 children如同这所学校般这个洞穴住宅区As well as a school, the cave houses 18 families是18户人家和他们牲畜的聚居地together with their livestock这或许是世界上唯一在洞穴中饲养的牛了This could be the only cave dwelling cows on Earth放学后是游戏的时间With school work over, it's play time at last在中国南方洞穴不仅用于遮蔽In southern China, caves aren't just used for shelter他们也能为当地人带来恩惠they can be a source of revenue for the community数代的人持续受到洞穴的恩泽People have been visiting this cave for generations洞穴地底覆盖了满满鸟粪The cave floor is covered in guano仅仅十分钟时间就能让农人满载而归so plentiful that 10 minutes' work can fill these farmer's baskets这是一种宝贵的天然肥料This used as a valuable source of fertilizer鸟粪的源头能听到河水上空的鸟鸣A clue to the source of the guano can be heard above the noise of the river噪音因为山洞而被放大The sound originates high up in the roof of the cave入口处聚满了雨燕The entrance is full of swifts他们是社交性动物They are very sociable birds约200000多的共享贵州南部的洞穴more than 200,000 of them share this cave in southern Guizhou province中国最大的雨燕栖息地The biggest swift colony in China如今中国的家燕多数将巢穴建在建筑物的屋顶These days, Chinese house swifts mostly nest in the roofs of buildings但其实在房屋被发明出来之前but rock crevasses like these were their original home这样的岩缝才是他们原本安家的地方long before houses were invented尽管雨燕依靠洞穴遮蔽Though the swifts depend on the cave for shelter他们却必定在日落前归巢they never stray further than the limits of daylight因为他们的眼睛无法在黑夜中看清事物as their eyes can't see in dark然而洞穴深处However, deep inside the cavern是一群更适应地下are the creatures are better equipped隐秘生活的居民for subterranean life一群蝙蝠刚刚醒来 A colony of bats is just waking up他们运用超声波在黑夜中确定自己的方位using ultrasonic squeaks to orientate themselves in the darkness夜晚是狩猎时间Night is the time to go huntingRickett鼠耳蝠是亚洲蝙蝠中唯一Rickett's mouse-eared bat is the only bat in Asia which specializes in catching fishes通过在水面依靠声波对涟漪的反射追踪游鱼的蝙蝠种tracking them down from the sound reflection of ripples on the water surface这种非凡的技巧仅在数年前被发现This extraordinary behavior was only discovered in the last couple of years现在首次被记录下来展示给世人and has never been filmed before如果说在黑暗中追捕游鱼是如此的不可思议If catching fish in the dark is impressive想象下倒挂状态下不用爪子吞食滑溜溜的米诺鱼是怎样的神奇场景imagine eating a slippery minnow with no hands while hanging upside down拂晓降临至桂林的喀斯特山地Dawn, over the karst hills of Guilin这些山地的嶙峋奇秀归功于These remarkable hills owe their peculiar shapes漓江那弱酸性的水质to the mildly acid waters of the Li River亿万年的侵蚀褪去了他们的本来面目whose meandering course over eons of time has corrode away their basis只剩下坚硬的河道残留下来until only the rocky course remained漓江是中国最清澈的河流之一Li is one of the cleanest rivers in China 是捕鱼者和他们训练有素的鸬鹚最爱的捕获点a favorite spot for fishermen with their trained cormorants这帮七八十岁的男人全部姓黄The men, all called Huang, come from the same village他们来自同一个村落now in their seventies and eighties他们毕生都以捕鱼卫生they've been fishermen all their lives在释放鱼鸟之前Before they release the birds他们在鸟的脖子上松松的系一条套索they tie a noose, loosely around the neck 以防止鸟儿私自将捕到的鱼吞进肚子里to stop them swallowing any fish they may catch伴随着即兴的舞蹈，黄老汉鼓励着他的鸟儿们跳入水中Chancing and dancing, the Huangs encourage their birds to take the plunge在水下Under water鸬鹚的狩猎本能暴发the cormorant's hunting instinct kicks in 他们化身为水下的游鱼追踪导弹turning them into fish seeking missiles一只鸬鹚小分队搭档合作齐心协力Working together,一早上便能收获颇丰a good cormorant team can catch a couple of dozen decent-sized fish in a morning鸟儿们被训练过只能带着鱼儿回到筏子The birds return to the raft with their fish because they've been trained to do so从出生的那一刻起From the time it first hatched鸬鹚们就开始被训练为忠仆each of these cormorants has been reared to a life of obedience to its master这些鸟儿是高效的奴隶The birds are, in effect, slaves但是它们并不是白痴But they are not stupid据说鸬鹚能够记住它们捕获的鱼的数目It's said the cormorants can key the tally of the fish they catch至少能记住七条at least up to seven除非它们不时得到打赏当然这不过是收回一点自己的劳动成果罢了So unless they get a reward now and then,they simply withdraw their labor渔夫理所当然得把最好的鱼留给自己The fishermen of course keep the best fish for themselves鸬鹚则能享受剩余的部分The cormorants get the leftover tiddlies项圈摘除后鸟儿们终于能享用它的战利品了With its collar removed，the bird can at last swallow its prize 最美妙的莫过于得到额外的打赏Best of all,when it isn't meant to have...而如今现代捕鱼技术的激烈竞争These days,competition for modern fishing techniques意味着使黄老汉已不能仅靠鸬鹚捕鱼这一传统的手段谋生了means the Huangs can't make a living from traditional cormorant fishing alone这一流传了1300多年的传统And this 1300-year old tradition如今只能成为取悦游客的表演is now practiced mostly to entertain tourists但在贵州省附近的草海湖上But on Caohai lake in nearby Guizhou Province一种与众不同的捕鱼业正在蓬勃发展an even more unusual fishing industry is alive and well庚钟胜正在去为夜间布网的路上Geng Zhongsheng is on his way to set out his net for the night老庚的怪网是一种一头扎起来的管状装置Geng's net is a strange tubular contraption with a closed off end上百渔夫依靠这个More than a hundred fishermen make their living from the lake水质富矿的高产湖泊为生Its mineral-rich waters are highly productive并在此布下天罗地网and there are nets everywhere第二天清早老耿和他的儿子回来收获他们猎物The next morning, Geng returns with his son to collect his catch乍看之下收获平平At first sight, it looks disappointing小鱼.虾米.和扭个不停的虫子Tiny fishes, lots of shrimps, and some wriggling bugs然而老耿看上去来并不那么消沉Geng doesn't seem too down hearted大鱼被保持存活The larger fish are kept alive这是唯一在酷暑下保鲜的办法the only way they'll stay fresh in the heat 令人吃惊的是一些虫子也被专门挑捡出来Surprisingly, some of the bugs are also singled out for special treatment它们是蜻蜓的幼虫They are the young stage of dragonflies 以蠕虫和蝌蚪为食的掠食者predators that feed on worms and tadpoles这里是世界上蜻蜓卵收获最丰的地方Nowhere else in the world are dragonfly nymphs harvested like this回到家后老耿把他的获物在屋顶上摊开晒干Back home, Geng spreads his catch on the roof to dry在中国，但凡能吃的东西都不会被浪费It's being in China, nothing edible would be wasted在遥远的南方有这样一种说法There is a saying in the far south“长腿的唯桌子不吃"We will eat anything with legs, except a table;长翅膀的独飞机不啃”and anything with wings, except a plane."几个钟头后这些晒干了的昆虫便会被带到市场上卖掉Within a few hours, the dried insects are ready to be backed up and taken to market其中蜻蜓蛹能卖到最好的价格Its the dragonfly nymphs that fetch the best price幸运的是草海的蜻蜓资源非常丰富且高速再生Fortunately, Caohai's dragonflies are abundant and fast breeding所以老耿和其他的渔民远不会危及它们的数量so Geng and his fellow fishermen have so far had little impact on their numbers但绝非所有野生动物都这样生机勃勃But not all wildlife is so resilient这所上海附近的佛庙This buddhist temple near Shanghai有一段与之相关的传奇故事has an extraordinary story attached to it2007年5月In May 2007一支狂野中国摄制组在这所寺庙的鱼塘里A Wild China camera team filmed this peculiar Swinhoe's turtle拍摄到了这只罕见的斑龟in the temple's fishpond据寺庙的和尚所说这只龟在明朝期间被赐予寺庙According to the monks, this turtle had been given to the temple during the Ming dynasty至今已有400余年历史了over 400 years ago它被认为是地球上最老的动物It was thought to be the oldest animal on Earth软壳龟被很多从中国人视为神赐的馈赠Soft shell turtles are considerd a god-made delicacy by many Chinese在被记录下的时候and when it was filmed它已是中国仅存的三只斑龟之一this was one of just three Swinhoe's Turtles left alive in China他的同胞们The rest of its kind被当作食物剿杀殆尽having been rounded up and eaten悲痛人心的是在拍摄后的短短几周后Sadly, just a few weeks after filming 这只远古的生物与世长辞了this ancient creature died他的其他同类现在被散养在不同动物园保护着The remaining individuals of its species are currently kept in seperate zoos据测算现在斑龟在自然界中已经灭绝了and Swinhoe's Turtle is now reckoned extinct in the wild事实上中国25种淡水龟中In fact, most of the 25 types of fresh water turtles in China多数都已然濒危are now vanishingly rare杜绝物种灭绝的唯一途径The answer to extinction就是加以保护is protection这里有贯穿中国南方的不断壮大的自然保护区网络And there is now a growing network of nature reserves through southern China其中张家界天子山那由沙石构成的高耸的Of these, the Tianzi Mountain Reserve at Zangjiajie is perhaps the most visited by Chinese nature lovers塔状反重力地貌最受中国自然爱好者的青睐who come to marvel at the gravity-defying landscape of soaring sand stone pinnacles蜿蜒在张家界的山峰间清澈见底的溪流Winding between Zhangjiajie's peaks 居住着一种中国最奇怪的生物crystal clear mountain streams are home to what is perhaps China's strangest creature这种奇异的动物This bizarre animal属于蝾螈的一种is a type of newt中国大鲵the Chinese Giant Salamander在中国它被称之为娃娃鱼In China, it is known as the baby fish这名称源自当他悲伤时发出的类似婴儿哭泣的声音because when distressed, it makes a sound like a crying infant成年体长1~1.5米It grows up to a meter and a half long这使它成为世界上最大的两栖类动物making it the world's largest amphibian在自然条件下一只大鲵可以活到十岁Under natural conditions, a Giant Salamander may live decades但是和很多其他中国动物一样But like so many Chinese animals 它被视为美味佳肴it is considered delicious to eat。

BBC美丽中国第六集中英文字幕解析

wild China.美丽中国（Wild China）第六集潮汐更迭Tides of Change 双语对照文本字幕从东端的长城起From the eastern end of the Great Wall,中国的海岸跨度14,500公里China's coast spans 14,500 kilometres并且拥有五千多年的历史and more than 5,000 years of history.在这个方面显示了This is the area which shows the greatest contrast中国的过去和未来之间的差距between China's past and its future.如今中国的东海岸线Today China's eastern seaboard有七亿人口is home to 700 million people,居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth.然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a wealth of wildlife.现在古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀Now, as ancient traditions mingle with new aspirations,那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗is there any room at all for wildlife on China's crowded shores?谨以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区In northern China's Zhalong Nature Reserve,一对丹顶鹤正守望着它们的产卵领土a pair of red-crowned cranes have staked out their nesting territory在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里in the stubble of a commercially managed reed bed.数百年来For centuries,cranes have been revered in China鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇as symbols of longevity.它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁Their statues were placed next to the Emperor's throne.鹤因此而受到赞扬The cranes have cause to celebrate.幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times.丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一Red-crowned cranes are one of the world's most endangered species.在过去的一个世纪Over the last century,中国失去了近一半的沿海湿地China has lost nearly half of its coastal wetlands并且大多数改造地是为了造福人类而非野生动物and most of what remains is managed for the benefit of people, not wildlife.从现在起的数个月 A few months from now,幼鹤和它的家人将面临一场往南方的大迁徙this chick and its parents will face a long migration south来躲避北方的严冬to escape the harsh northern winter.它们将沿着海岸向前Their route will take them along a coast然而这些海岸已经受到人类活动的巨大影响which has been greatly affected by human activity.在它们的征途上Along their journey,the cranes will be joined将有成千上万其他鸟类加入迁徙大军by many thousands of other migrating birds.它们迁徙的方向横跨南渤海湾All heading south across the Bohai Gulf 沿海岸的黄海和中国东海and along the shores of the Yellow and East China Seas,最远甚至抵达中国南海some even reaching as far as the South China Sea寻找一个安全的冬季避难所in search of a safe winter haven.每年候鸟迁徙已持续了数千年之久The annual bird migration has been going on for thousands of years.在中国东北海岸的锦屏山Here at Mount Jinping on China's northeast coast,存留着人类there is surprising evidence曾长期居住过的惊人遗迹that people have lived here almost as long. 七千年前Seven thousand years ago,少昊部落的成员雕刻下的神奇符号members of the Shao Hao tribe carved magical symbols描绘出他们日常生活得到的重要原理representing significant elements of their daily lives.这种岩石雕刻显示出The petroglyphs show wheat sheaves connected by lines to human figures,中国第一个有记录的耕种遗址the first known recordings of cultivation in China.因为常年目睹群鸟迁徙的奇观Familiar with the spectacle of yearly bird migrations,少昊人选择一只鸟的符号作为他们的图腾the Shao Hao people chose a symbol of a bird as their totem.锦屏山位于山东半岛附近Mount Jinping lies near the Shandong peninsula,是候鸟的一个重要越冬场所an important wintering site for migrant birds,即使在今天仍然有鸟群沿着这条海岸线前进and even today there are still communities along this coastline并且和当地的鸟群保持着密切关系who retain a special affinity with their local birdlife.烟墩礁Yandun Jiao village,位于半岛的东北岸on the north-eastern shore of the peninsula, 以其传统特色的海藻覆顶建筑闻名于世is famous for its traditional seaweed-thatched cottages.在早春料峭的清晨On a chilly morning in early spring,屈夫妇在破晓时刻出来碰运气Mr and Mrs Qu venture out at first light带着海民的传统工具——桶和小铲armed with the traditional seaside accessories of bucket and spade.当屈家人朝着港湾前进As the Qus head down into the harbour,一群被当地人 a flock of whooper swans,亲切称为“冬日天使”的大天鹅known affectionately here as "winter angels", 在海湾醒来are waking out in the bay.屈家和他们的邻居在潮落的泥浆中The Qus and their neighbours search for tube holes寻找管状的孔in the mud at low tide,那里意味着有扇贝或竹蛏深藏在泥底the sign of cockles and razor shells hidden deep below.收集贝克是颇为流行的消遣While gathering shellfish is a popular pastime,当地人以出海为主要营生the main business of Yandun Jiao happens further out at sea.当老屈站在启程船只的甲板上As the boats set out,with Mr Qu on board,天鹅并肩掠过the swans set a parallel course.整个海湾是一个巨型海藻农场The whole of the bay is a gigantic seaweed farm.人们整天忙于清理和照料海藻叶The men work all day cleaning and tending the kelp fronds海藻长在巨大浮标舰队互相连接的绳子上that are grown on ropes linked to a vast armada of buoys.天鹅只吃长在绳子表面的本地海藻The swans eat native seaweeds growing on the surface ropes而非更有价值的产物rather than the valuable crop of kelp,所以它们无损经济作物的生长so they do no harm to the commercial operation.下午当风在海上生起In the afternoon,as the wind picks up out at sea,工人和天鹅退回岸边the workers and swans return to shore.当追求与自然和谐的文化While the culture of seeking balance with nature历经远路回归中国的时候goes back a long way in China,在中国拥挤的海岸线很难看到如此和谐的人地关系it is rare to see such harmonious relationships on China's crowded coast.当夜晚降临As evening draws on,屈家人准备了扇贝the Qu family prepare their evening meal of cockles,馒头和海藻做为晚膳steamed bread and seaweed.孩子们谈话声(KIDS CHATTERING)剩菜被村里的孩子们用来喂天鹅Leftovers are given to the village children to feed the swans.这给孩子和村民带来许多乐趣It's fun for the kids and provides并未鸟儿们度过寒夜提供了能量补给an extra energy boost for the birds as they face another cold night.天鹅已经利用这个庇护港The swans have been using this sheltered bay作为冬天的过冬地at as a winter refuge for many generations.只要敬重自然的传统还在As long as the tradition of respect for nature persists,烟墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”间的this remarkable association between the Yandun Jiao community奇妙友谊就会持续下去and their winter angels looks set to continue. 在渤海湾天鹅村的最东北处Out in the Bohai Gulf,northeast of the swan village,一座小小的岩岛为迁徙的鸟儿提供了安静的歇脚地a small rocky island provides a quiet resting spot for migrating birds.但是蛇岛亦潜伏着危险But Shedao Island has hidden dangers.由于海平面上升蝮蛇已被困在这座岛上6000余年Pallas' pit vipers trapped here6,000 years ago by rising sea levels这已演化成一种险恶的生存方式have evolved a sinister lifestyle.每年有10个月For 10 months of the year岛上没有任何食物there is nothing substantial to eat on the island,因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力so the reptiles conserve their energy by barely moving at all.鸟群鸣叫(BIRDS CAWING)当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖As the sun warms their rocky home,这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛the snakes climb up into the bushes and trees.但是它们不是来这晒日光浴的But they aren't here to sunbathe.越来越多的毒蛇出现了More and more vipers appear事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地until virtually every perch where a bird might land等着鸟们上钩has been booby-trapped.“守猎”游戏开始了Then the waiting game begins.蛇隐藏得很好The serpents' camouflage is remarkable,但是蛇攻击鸟的时候but so are the birds' reactions,鸟的反应同样迅速as this high-speed shot reveals.鸟群只在岛上停留几周The birds will only stay on the island for a couple of weeks.但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了But although the snakes have been starving for months,但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径their only hope of bagging a meal is to be patient只能是潜藏起来耐心等待and sit tight.即便最微小的失误The slightest miscalculation也会导致狩猎的失败and the snake is left with a mouthful of feathers.蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味The dropped meal is tracked down mainly by smell,毒蛇用分叉的舌头the viper using its forked tongue分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物to taste the air until it is close enough to see its quarry.最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物The final challenge is to swallow a meal that's twice the size of its head.蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向It does so by dislocating its jaws and positioning its prey使鸟嘴指向后边so the beak is pointing backwards.对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂For the reptiles,this time of plenty is all too brief.再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了In a couple of weeks,the migration will be over鸟群会继续前进and the birds will have moved on.这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐This could be the snake's last meal for six months.但是并不是岛上会经历But it isn't just islands盛宴和饥馑的循环that experience cycles of feast and famine. 海也有季节变化The sea, too, has its seasons,沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化a fact well known to fishing communities along the neighbouring coasts.在初望港In Chuwang harbour,盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明the start of a new fishing season provides the excuse for a massive party.但是对于船主老赵来说But for boat owner Mr Zhao,既有庆祝又有祈祷it's a day of prayer as well as celebration.老赵希望通过祭祀海神Zhao hopes that by presenting gifts and showing respect to the sea goddess,来确保他们来年捕鱼he can help ensure a prosperous and safe year ahead顺利安全for him and his crew.同时鼓声爆竹反映了古人的信念Meanwhile, drums, firecrackers and fireworks reflect the ancient belief古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气that loud noises will frighten off dangerous sea devils and bad fortune.台子中间的那个是海龙的象征Occupying centre stage is a representation of the sea dragon,传说海龙控制着水和天气mythical ruler of water and weather.夜晚风平浪静In the calm of the evening,赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼Mr Zhao and his family light paper boat lanterns.每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神Each flickering flame carries a wish to the sea goddess,这个传统世代传递着a tradition passed on from parents to children over countless generations.在中国拥挤的海岸线上On China's crowded coasts,渔民们必须非常机敏fishermen need to be extremely resourceful. 收渔网是一项繁重的工作Hauling in the nets is hard work,目前为止还没有看到鱼and so far there's not a fish in sight.只有海蜇Only jellyfish.每年无数的海蜇Each year, millions of jellyfish被渤海湾的水流带到南方are carried south with the currents in the Bohai Gulf.这种现象的生态学原因很复杂The ecological story behind this event is complex,但决不是中国特有的but by no means unique to China.海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物Jellyfish are fast-breeding plankton feeders. 近些年来人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥In recent years, human sewage and fertilisers from intensive farming增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度have increased plankton blooms in the Gulf,提供了丰富的海蜇食物providing extra jellyfish food.由于过度捕鱼海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了While over-fishing has reduced their enemies and competitors.这种现象已经It's a phenomenon that has become increasingly widespread在全球蔓延across the world's seas.然而别的地方认为是个问题However, what is seen elsewhere as a problem,在中国却被当成机会in China is perceived as an opportunity.岸上Back on shore,四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里mule carts transport the jellyfish to nearby warehouses在那里处理后销往全国where they will be processed and sold as food all over China.四代人正在饱餐一碗海蜇片Four generations tuck into a bowl of sliced jellyfish,这道菜可以延年益寿the recipe for a long and healthy life.离开了渤海湾Leaving the Bohai Gulf behind,迁徙的鹤群migrating cranes,篦鹭和鸭子里边加入了其他鸟类spoonbills and ducks are joined by other birds,它们都飞向南方寻找安全的冬天栖息地all heading south in search of a safe winter haven.鸟群的迁徙路线顺着黄海The birds' migration route follows the coast of the Yellow Sea一路朝向江苏省down into Jiangsu Province,那里有肥沃的农业风景 a fertile agricultural landscape有中国最后存留的盐沼泽地with some of the last remaining salt marshes in China.大丰At Dafeng,一小块盐沼泽的就是一只幸存动物的家园a small salt marsh reserve is home to an animal which is lucky to be alive.中国人认为麋鹿是奇怪复杂的动物The Chinese see these Milu as a curious composite animal,有像马一样的头with a horse's head,牛一样的脚cow's feet,驴一样的尾巴 a tail like a donkey朝向后边的鹿角and backwards-facing antlers.在西方自从第一个欧洲人In the West, we know it as David's Deer,叫它麋鹿以后我们也这样叫了after the first European to describe it.在发情期During the rut,雄鹿用植物的花环来装饰自己stags decorate themselves with garlands of vegetation这些东西是用鹿角弄的collected in their antlers.激烈的战斗决定谁拥有交配权Fierce battles decide mating rights.雌鹿仍然带着去年的幼鹿The females still have last year's fawns in tow.母鹿在发情期也没有给幼鹿断奶They haven't been weaned by the time of the rut幼鹿聚在一起and band together in large crhes,只回到自己母亲那里喂食only returning to their mothers to feed.这种特殊的行为有助于帮助它们记清楚好斗的雄鹿This unique behaviour helps to keep them clear of the aggressive males.现在中国仅存2500头麋鹿了Today, there are just2,500 Milu in China, 很明显如果再多也很有限but it is remarkable that there are any at all. 在20世纪初期野外的麋鹿濒临灭绝In the early 1900s Milu became extinct in the wild,幸运的是一些良种鹿群被当作礼物送到了欧洲but luckily, some of the Imperial herd had been sent as a gift to Europe.那些在英格兰Woburn Abbey的麋鹿繁衍了下来Those at Woburn Abbey,in England, prospered.20世纪80年代40头鹿被送回了故乡And in the early 1980s, 40 of the deer were returned to their homeland它们在那里继续繁衍生息where they continue to thrive.迁徙的鹤群至今已经The migrating cranes have so far travelled 顺着海岸向南飞行了两千多公里了over 2,000 kilometres southwards along the coast.经过了大丰的麋鹿预留区Passing the Milu Deer Reserve at Dafeng, 它们接近了另一个盐沼泽地they are approaching another salt marsh那里给它们过冬提供了极好的条件which will provide the perfect conditions for them to spend the winter.盐城，中国最大的沿海湿地This is Yancheng,the largest coastal wetland in China,每年估计有三百万鸟拜访这里visited by an estimated three million birds each year.(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)刚出生七个月的幼鹤Crane chicks that were only born seven months ago完成了第一次来回旅行have now completed the first leg of a round trip它们将会每年重复这样which they will repeat every year.坚强的鹤群能应付冬天的温度The hardy cranes can cope with winter temperatures温度可能降到零度以下which may drop below freezing.但是其他迁徙的鸟类比如濒临灭绝的黑面篦鹭However, other migrating birds, like the endangered black-faced spoonbill,就没有那么耐寒are less cold-tolerant它们将要继续南飞寻找更温暖的气候and will continue even further south in search of warmer climes.(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)在这里许多迁徙的鸟群At this point,many of the migrating bird flocks勉强达到了它们南飞旅程的一半are barely halfway along their southward journey.在它们前面还有新的挑战Ahead of them lies a new challenge,中国最伟大的河——长江China's greatest river, the Yangtze,是许多种类迁徙物种的聚集地and the venue for a very different kind of migration.每年上百万吨的货物往来江面Each year, millions of tons of cargo travel up and down the river,使这里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一making this one of the busiest waterways in the world.这些是中华绒蝥蟹These are Chinese mitten crabs,因它们长毛爪子得名named for their strange hairy claws.它们可以迁移长达1500公里They may migrate as much as1,500 kilometres从支流和湖泊一直到河口from tributaries and lakes to the river mouth, 他们在那里繁殖后代where they gather to breed.中华鲟也有相似的迁徙 A similar migration is made by the giant Yangtze sturgeon,中华鲟能长到4米长半吨重which can reach four metres long and weigh half a ton.近些年来它们的数量骤减In recent years,its numbers have declined dramatically这是由于它们的迁徙被越来越多的河坝阻挡了as its migration is impeded by ever more river dams.但是不仅中华鲟有这样的境遇But it isn't just animals like the sturgeon that are in trouble,整个长江的生态系统都遭到了破坏the entire Yangtze River ecosystem is being poisoned.虽然有显耀的清理计划项目In spite of being the subject of an ambitious clean-up plan,估计长江是最大的today the river is reckoned to be the biggest 污染太平洋的单向水源single source of pollution entering the Pacific Ocean.坐落于长江入海口的Situated right at the mouth of its estuary,崇明岛为迁徙的滨鸟Chongming Island provides a vital resting and feeding spot提供了重要的休养生息的地方for migrating shorebirds,人们对长江流域的野生动物的态度不断转变and a place which offers welcome evidence这个地方也是个很好的证明of changing attitudes towards the Yangtze's beleaguered wildlife.几个世纪里这些沿岸泥滩一直吸引许多捕猎者For centuries these coastal mudflats have attracted hunters,就像金先生一样like Mr Jin,他们不断地改善捕猎技巧who have honed their trapping skills to perfection捕获稀有鸟类供上海有钱人食用to put rare birds on the tables of Shanghai's elite.40年里金先生一直用一张网For 40 years Mr Jin has used a net,简单的诱鸟和一只竹笛simple decoy birds and a bamboo whistle来诱惑经过的鸟到他的网里to lure passing birds towards his nets.(笛声)(WHISTLING)这需要耐心和高超的技巧It takes both patience and consummate skill. 但是事情并不总是这样But all is not as it seems.像其他许多最好的自然保护者一样Mr Jin, like many of the best conservationists, 金先生现在由偷猎者变为了看护者is poacher turned gamekeeper,使用他捕猎技艺来保护他原先的猎物using his hunting skills to benefit his old quarry.在东潭鸟类保护基地里The staff here at Dongtan Bird Reserve人们将给这些捕获的鸟测量带环称重will measure, ring and weigh the trapped birds然后把它们释放before releasing them unharmed.由金先生和他的同事们收集的这些信息The information gathered by Mr Jin and his colleagues帮助保护了200多个不同的鸟类helps to protect over 200 different species of birds这些鸟类每年都要来到这个岛屿which visit the island each year.在崇明岛正南端Just south of Chongming Island是中国最大的海边城市——上海lies China's largest coastal city, Shanghai.上海处于一条河流生物和鸟类迁徙的路径上Situated on a major migration route for birds as well as river life,现在它正进行一个更大的侵袭动作Shanghai is now preparing for an even bigger invasion.满载着建筑材料的驳船不停的到达这个城市的码头Barges loaded with building materials constantly arrive in the city's docks,来满足这个世界最繁忙建设之一的需要feeding one of the greatest construction booms in the world.去年全世界一半的水泥都运往中国的各个城市Last year, half the world's concrete was poured into China's cities,这些都是为了人类历史上最大规模的all in preparation for the biggest mass migration of people人口迁移做准备in the history of the world.在未来25年里预计有超过3亿中国人In the next 25 years,well over 300 million people将从中国农村迁移到城市例如上海are predicted to move from rural China into cities like Shanghai.从农村到城市的人类迁移The migration of people from country to city在全世界各地都可以看到is being mirrored around the world,and by 2010到2010年超过一半的世界人口将成为城市居住者over half of the world's population will be urban dwellers.当夜晚来临时上海就会揭示它的本色As night falls,Shanghai reveals its true colours.这是中国最快增长的金融中心China's fastest-growing financial centre 是这个巨大繁荣的中心is in the midst of a massive boom.其人口估计超过2千万With an estimated population of more than 20 million,上海无疑是中国最大Shanghai is officially China's largest也是最耀眼的城市and certainly its most dazzling city.但他的辉煌背后存在着环境代价But there is an environmental cost.上海居民使用的电力是Shanghai residents now use two and a half times more power per head郊区居民的2.5倍than their rural cousins.这个城市近乎贪得无厌的能源需求The city's seemingly insatiable energy demands得需要17个电厂来提供满足currently require the output of 17 power stations.上海往南城市灯光逐渐暗淡South of Shanghai the city lights gradually fade好象我们进入了一个古老的世界as we enter an ancient world.这是福建省This is Fujian Province,一个崎岖的地域 a rugged terrain由于花岗岩大山的护卫guarded by sheer granite mountains which have helped to forge and preserve使得一些中国最古老的遗址和传统文化得以稳固并保存some of China's most ancient sites and traditional cultures.远高出海边地带坐落着1400米高的太姥山Towering above the coast,the 1,400-metre-high Taimu Mountains是中国人熟识的“海上仙都”are known to the Chinese as "Fairyland on the Sea".潮湿的海风在寒冷的山顶凝聚Moist sea breezes condense on the cool mountaintops并与排水良好的酸性土壤结合and combine with well-drained acid soils便形成了完美的种植环境to produce the perfect growing conditions 适合喜酸性的植物——例如野杜鹃for acid-loving plants like wild azaleas.也合适生长山茶It's also home to camellias,including the most famous of all,包括最著名的茶树种植the tea plant.沿着福建沿海一带的类似种植环境Similar growing conditions all along the Fujian coast使得中国茶叶独享其尊make this the treasure chest for China's tea, 其茶产业远可源自4000多年前the heart of an industry dating back almost 4,000 years.这个地区最传统的茶树栽培文化One of the most traditional tea-growing cultures in the area当数这里的客家人沿袭的is that of the Kejia people.每天清晨山羊被放养在这些茶树梯田间Every morning, goats are let loose among the tea terraces,这是个历史悠久的传统 a centuries-old tradition.看起来好象很奇怪让这些This might seem surprising given goats' reputation山羊去吃这些绿色的植物for eating anything green,不过茶树并不像看上去那样毫无设防but tea isn't as defenceless as it looks.茶叶中存在刺激性的化学成分Tea leaves are loaded with bitter chemicals 以驱走啃食的动物designed to repel browsing animals.这对山羊很有效It works on the goats,它们只是吃光茶树外的杂草who leave the tea untouched and instead eat up the weeds,它们的粪便恰好茶树供给了养分fertilising the tea plants with their droppings.惊讶的是我们人类The surprise is that we humans却还没发现同样刺激性的化学鸡尾酒should find the same bitter chemical cocktail以便让人类根本不敢染指utterly irresistible.对客家人而言种植茶树是家族事业Among the Kejia people,tea-growing is a family business.女人们采摘男人门加工打包Women do the picking,while the men process and pack it.张女士是一名客家家族的成员Mrs Zhang belongs to a Kejia family她们家族在这片同样的茶园that has lived and worked for generations 生活劳作了数个世代among these same tea terraces.最精良的茶叶需要在温暖的阳光里快速采摘The finest tea needs to be gathered quickly in warm sunshine这样可以让茶叶保留有茶油的香味as this brings out the flavour-enhancing oils inside the leaves.这个可持续的产业使得中国最精美的地形之一This sustainable industry has protected one of China's finest landscapes和最传统文化之一得以保存下来and one of its most traditional cultures.在早上采摘之后At the end of the morning's picking,张女士把茶叶带回家以待加工Mrs Zhang returns home to drop off her tea ready for processing.这个城堡式样的建筑在过去This fort-like design has survived from a time客家人得以从与敌对的当地部落势力when the Kejia needed to protect themselves斗争中幸存下来against hostile local tribes.每个房子有3到4层Each house has three or four levels以适合50到250人居住designed to accommodate50 to 250 people. 最底层是厨房和家畜使用The ground floor houses the kitchens and animal stock同时有一条通道通向水井取水with access to a well for water.第一层房间用作储藏The first floor rooms are used for storage 第二层作为寝居and the upper floors are bedrooms.这一些很非凡的建筑已有800多年历史了Some of these remarkable buildings are 800 years old经历了地震和台风并完整的保存了下来and have survived earthquakes and typhoons.当收集一定数量茶叶时下一步加工开始了Once enough tea has been gathered in,the processing begins.把绿色茶叶变为市场销售的茶叶Turning green leaves into saleable tea最少包含8个步骤involves at least eight different stages,包括干燥捻细筛挤压和扭拧including drying, bruising,sifting, squeezing and twisting,这些都是成品打包前必须的步骤before the finished product is finally ready for packing.张女士的村庄出产“小黑龙”茶The Zhang's village produces"little black dragon",即——乌龙茶or oolong tea,其称呼源于冲泡茶叶时so called because of the way its twisted leaves unfurl那宛如蟠龙舒展的姿态when water is poured over them.茶在客家人生活中占据着重要地位Tea plays a vital part in Kejia life,既是一个收入来源也是一种迎宾之道not only as a source of income,but also as a way to welcome visitors它将人们联系在一起and bring people together.在中国人传统生活中In traditional Chinese life,即使最简单的一杯茶也被赋以复杂的仪式even the simplest cup of tea is poured with an intricate amount of ritual.在过去In the past,客家人的其他主要收入来自运送像茶叶一样的货物the Kejia people's other main income came from transporting goods like tea穿越变幻莫测的山川和河流入口across the treacherous topography of mountains and river estuaries.他们的运输路线在1059年变得轻松易行Their route was suddenly made easier when, in 1059,一切归于这座名桥的建造this remarkable bridge was built.它的桥面由重达10吨的花岗岩架设而成Made from massive10-ton slabs of granite,是中国不太知名的建筑奇葩之一it is one of China's lesser-known architectural gems.洛阳桥历经地震狂潮风采依旧Luoyang Bridge has withstood earthquakes and tempestuous tides.被称为“万安渡”的Known as "10,000 ships launching",46座桥墩the bridge's 46 piers在潮水的冲刷下已经屹立的近千年have withstood time and tide for almost a millennium.据当地传说According to folklore,桥的成功在于有远见地应用了生物工程its success is due to a far-sighted piece of bio-engineering.在桥墩上养殖牡蛎之后Oysters were seeded on the piers利用他们的凝固物可以and ever since,their concretions have helped cement将花岗岩胶合凝结起来the granite blocks together.如今惠安的女人们仍用传统的Today, oysters are still cultivated here方法在这里养殖牡蛎in the traditional way by Hui'an women.屹立在桥下的泥滩之中的岩石Stones are stood in the mudflats below the bridge可以使牡蛎附着生长to encourage the oysters to grow.如今当地人主要用洛阳桥来Luoyang Bridge is now mainly used by locals运送货物穿过河口到港口去carrying goods across the estuary towards the coastal ports.两千多年来For more than 2,000 years,中国的沿海贸易主要依靠于coastal trade in China has depended一种具有开创性卓越性能船on a remarkable and pioneering type of ship, 我们称之为舢板known to us as the junk.这艘船所用的的大众化设计This working vessel follows a general design 在福建已经使用了600多年that's been in use in Fujian for at least 600 years.船首是画上了两只大眼睛的鸟喙造型Its bows take the form of a beak,with two large painted eyes古代的航员们相信evoking the traditional seafarers' belief鸟的形象可以使海员们平安归来that the bird's image would help sailors return safely,就像每年春秋回来的候鸟一样like the migrants that return each spring and autumn.茶叶和其他货物经防水处理后储存Tea and other goods were stored in strong bulkheads,分储在防水壁中以降低洪涝带来的损失each waterproofed and separated from the next to minimise flood damage.这种保持珍贵茶叶干燥的革新措施This innovation, introduced to keep precious tea cargos dry,不仅改进了中国的船只spurred on the improvement of not only Chinese boats,还改进了西方的船只but Western ones, too.舢板上独特的索具The distinctive rigging of the junk's sails使得它在恶劣的天气下也容易操纵allows easy handling in bad weather,这在风暴肆虐的海边至关重要essential along this storm-battered coast.台风一词源于“大风”的谐音Each year from July to November,up to a dozen typhoons,每年7至11月成批的台风 a corruption of the Chinese word for "great wind",朝西北方向席卷中国而来head northwest towards China.全球像二氧化碳这样的温室气体的增加Typhoons are becoming more frequent as sea temperatures rise,使得海的温度升高aided by a global increase in greenhouse gases,台风也因此变得更加频繁such as carbon dioxide.但卫星图片却显示了一个令人惊讶的转变But satellite pictures have revealed a。

wildchina观后感

wildchina观后感wildchina是一部展现中国野生动物及其自然环境的纪录片。

通过观看该片，我对中国的野生动植物以及自然景观有了更深刻的了解和认识。

以下是我对wildchina的观后感。

首先，作为一部记录中国野生动物的纪录片，wildchina展示了中国自然界的壮丽景色和众多珍贵的物种。

从巍峨的喜马拉雅山到广袤的青藏高原，从南方的热带雨林到北方的荒凉戈壁，wildchina将我们带入了一个个壮丽的自然保护区，让我们眼前一亮。

同时，我也了解到中国是一个物种多样性极高的国家，包括大熊猫、朱鹮、藏羚羊等许多稀有动物都在中国境内栖息繁衍。

这些动物对于中国生态系统的稳定和平衡起着至关重要的作用，wildchina让我意识到保护野生动物和生态环境的重要性。

其次，wildchina也提醒我们人类与自然的关系。

在片中，我们看到了一些人类活动对生态环境造成的负面影响，例如工业污染、砍伐森林和非法捕杀野生动物。

这些行为不仅破坏了野生动物的栖息地，也威胁到了人类自身的生存。

野生动物是自然界的一部分，它们和我们有着共同的生态环境，对我们而言，保护野生动物就是保护我们自己。

wildchina通过呈现这些负面影响，提醒我们要意识到我们对自然的依赖和责任。

第三，wildchina中的一些故事和场景也给我留下了深刻的印象。

比如，关于大熊猫的部分让我对这种濒临灭绝的动物有了更多的了解。

大熊猫是中国的国宝，但由于栖息地的破坏和非法猎捕，它们的数量迅速减少。

然而，在片中我们看到了中国政府和国际组织为保护大熊猫而做出的努力。

他们设立了自然保护区，致力于保护大熊猫的栖息地并进行繁育研究。

这些努力让我看到了希望，同时也让我意识到作为个体，我们也可以为野生动物的保护提供帮助。

最后，wildchina的取景和镜头技术也是令人称赞的。

摄制组通过精心选择的自然场景和定格的画面，将中国的自然之美展现得淋漓尽致。

无论是青翠的森林、雄伟的山峦还是宁静的湖泊，都让我不禁为大自然的神奇和壮丽而赞叹不已。

美丽中国(Wild China)第六集潮汐更迭 Tides of Change

美丽中国（Wild China）第六集潮汐更迭Tides of Change 双语对照文本字幕 (1)00:00:05,410 --> 00:00:08,720从东端的长城起From the eastern end of the Great Wall,200:00:08,810 --> 00:00:13,600中国的海岸跨度14,500公里China's coast spans 14,500 kilometres300:00:13,690 --> 00:00:17,602并且拥有五千多年的历史and more than 5,000 years of history.400:00:19,370 --> 00:00:21,930在这个方面显示了This is the area which showsthe greatest contrast500:00:22,010 --> 00:00:25,525中国的过去和未来之间的差距between China's past and its future.600:00:36,690 --> 00:00:39,204如今中国的东海岸线Today China's eastern seaboard700:00:39,290 --> 00:00:41,963有七亿人口is home to 700 million people,800:00:42,610 --> 00:00:47,603居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市packed into some of the mostdazzling hi-tech cities on earth.900:00:50,410 --> 00:00:55,040然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富Yet these crowded shores remain hugely important for a wealth of wildlife.1000:01:01,690 --> 00:01:06,969现在古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀Now, as ancient traditionsmingle with new aspirations,1100:01:07,050 --> 00:01:12,363那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗is there any room at all for wildlifeon China's crowded shores?1200:01:18,300 --> 00:01:26,301谨以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland1300:01:26,901 --> 00:01:33,701本字幕仅供学习交流禁止任何商业用途请在下载后24小时内删除1400:01:34,300 --> 00:01:41,302VCTT荣誉出品VCTT proundly presents1500:01:50,970 --> 00:01:54,406在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区In northern China's Zhalong Nature Reserve,1600:01:54,490 --> 00:01:59,086一对丹顶鹤正守望着它们的产卵领土a pair of red-crowned craneshave staked out their nesting territory1700:01:59,170 --> 00:02:03,401在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里in the stubble of a commercially managed reed bed.1800:02:05,290 --> 00:02:07,929数百年来For centuries,cranes have been revered in China1900:02:08,010 --> 00:02:10,604鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇as symbols of longevity.2000:02:10,690 --> 00:02:14,160它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁Their statues were placed next to the Emperor's throne.2100:02:21,610 --> 00:02:24,204鹤因此而受到赞扬The cranes have cause to celebrate.2200:02:25,730 --> 00:02:29,484幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望This chick is a sign of hope in difficult times.2300:02:30,770 --> 00:02:34,843丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一Red-crowned cranes are one ofthe world's most endangered species.2400:02:36,730 --> 00:02:38,482在过去的一个世纪Over the last century,2500:02:38,570 --> 00:02:42,449中国失去了近一半的沿海湿地China has lost nearly halfof its coastal wetlands2600:02:42,530 --> 00:02:47,365并且大多数改造地是为了造福人类而非野生动物and most of what remains is managed for the benefit of people, not wildlife.2700:02:49,930 --> 00:02:51,249从现在起的数个月A few months from now,2800:02:51,330 --> 00:02:55,164幼鹤和它的家人将面临一场往南方的大迁徙this chick and its parents will facea long migration south2900:02:55,250 --> 00:02:57,764来躲避北方的严冬to escape the harsh northern winter.3000:03:03,010 --> 00:03:05,046它们将沿着海岸向前Their route will take them along a coast3100:03:05,130 --> 00:03:08,918然而这些海岸已经受到人类活动的巨大影响which has been greatly affectedby human activity.3200:03:11,290 --> 00:03:13,565在它们的征途上Along their journey,the cranes will be joined3300:03:13,650 --> 00:03:16,483将有成千上万其他鸟类加入迁徙大军by many thousandsof other migrating birds.3400:03:19,530 --> 00:03:23,125它们迁徙的方向横跨南渤海湾All heading south across the Bohai Gulf3500:03:23,210 --> 00:03:27,123沿海岸的黄海和中国东海and along the shores ofthe Yellow and East China Seas,3600:03:27,210 --> 00:03:30,725最远甚至抵达中国南海some even reaching as far asthe South China Sea3700:03:30,810 --> 00:03:33,370寻找一个安全的冬季避难所in search of a safe winter haven.3800:03:39,010 --> 00:03:44,243每年候鸟迁徙已持续了数千年之久The annual bird migration has beengoing on for thousands of years.3900:03:44,330 --> 00:03:47,800在中国东北海岸的锦屏山Here at Mount Jinpingon China's northeast coast,4000:03:47,890 --> 00:03:49,369存留着人类there is surprising evidence4100:03:49,450 --> 00:03:54,408曾长期居住过的惊人遗迹that people have lived here almost as long.4200:04:00,490 --> 00:04:02,082七千年前Seven thousand years ago,4300:04:02,170 --> 00:04:06,322少昊部落的成员雕刻下的神奇符号members of the Shao Hao tribecarved magical symbols4400:04:06,410 --> 00:04:10,046描绘出他们日常生活得到的重要原理representing significant elementsof their daily lives.4500:04:16,010 --> 00:04:21,130这种岩石雕刻显示出The petroglyphs show wheat sheaves connected by lines to human figures,4600:04:21,210 --> 00:04:25,441中国第一个有记录的耕种遗址the first known recordings of cultivation in China.4700:04:32,530 --> 00:04:36,409因为常年目睹群鸟迁徙的奇观Familiar with the spectacleof yearly bird migrations,4800:04:36,490 --> 00:04:40,688少昊人选择一只鸟的符号作为他们的图腾the Shao Hao people chosea symbol of a bird as their totem.4900:04:45,810 --> 00:04:49,200锦屏山位于山东半岛附近Mount Jinping lies nearthe Shandong peninsula,5000:04:49,290 --> 00:04:52,885是候鸟的一个重要越冬场所an important wintering sitefor migrant birds,00:04:52,970 --> 00:04:56,804即使在今天仍然有鸟群沿着这条海岸线前进and even today there are still communities along this coastline5200:04:56,890 --> 00:05:00,439并且和当地的鸟群保持着密切关系who retain a special affinitywith their local birdlife.5300:05:09,890 --> 00:05:11,289烟墩礁Yandun Jiao village,5400:05:11,370 --> 00:05:13,679位于半岛的东北岸on the north-eastern shoreof the peninsula,5500:05:13,770 --> 00:05:17,285以其传统特色的海藻覆顶建筑闻名于世is famous for its traditionalseaweed-thatched cottages.5600:05:23,370 --> 00:05:25,725在早春料峭的清晨On a chilly morning in early spring,5700:05:25,810 --> 00:05:29,120屈夫妇在破晓时刻出来碰运气Mr and Mrs Qu venture out at first light5800:05:29,210 --> 00:05:34,920带着海民的传统工具——桶和小铲armed with the traditional seaside accessories of bucket and spade.00:05:44,370 --> 00:05:46,884当屈家人朝着港湾前进As the Qus head down into the harbour,6000:05:46,970 --> 00:05:48,483一群被当地人a flock of whooper swans,6100:05:48,570 --> 00:05:51,721亲切称为“冬日天使”的大天鹅known affectionately hereas "winter angels",6200:05:51,810 --> 00:05:54,846在海湾醒来are waking out in the bay.6300:06:00,650 --> 00:06:03,289屈家和他们的邻居在潮落的泥浆中The Qus and their neighbourssearch for tube holes6400:06:03,370 --> 00:06:05,565寻找管状的孔in the mud at low tide,6500:06:05,650 --> 00:06:09,165那里意味着有扇贝或竹蛏深藏在泥底the sign of cockles and razor shells hidden deep below.6600:06:20,010 --> 00:06:23,719收集贝克是颇为流行的消遣While gathering shellfishis a popular pastime,6700:06:23,810 --> 00:06:27,883当地人以出海为主要营生the main business of Yandun Jiao happens further out at sea.6800:06:36,250 --> 00:06:39,686当老屈站在启程船只的甲板上As the boats set out,with Mr Qu on board,6900:06:39,770 --> 00:06:42,409天鹅并肩掠过the swans set a parallel course.7000:07:10,170 --> 00:07:14,606整个海湾是一个巨型海藻农场The whole of the bay isa gigantic seaweed farm.7100:07:14,850 --> 00:07:18,240人们整天忙于清理和照料海藻叶The men work all day cleaningand tending the kelp fronds7200:07:18,330 --> 00:07:22,005海藻长在巨大浮标舰队互相连接的绳子上that are grown on ropes linked toa vast armada of buoys.7300:07:27,890 --> 00:07:31,769天鹅只吃长在绳子表面的本地海藻The swans eat native seaweeds growing on the surface ropes7400:07:31,850 --> 00:07:34,444而非更有价值的产物rather than the valuable crop of kelp,7500:07:34,530 --> 00:07:37,567所以它们无损经济作物的生长so they do no harm to the commercial operation.7600:07:50,970 --> 00:07:54,724下午当风在海上生起In the afternoon,as the wind picks up out at sea,7700:07:54,850 --> 00:07:57,489工人和天鹅退回岸边the workers and swans return to shore.7800:08:10,730 --> 00:08:13,198当追求与自然和谐的文化While the culture of seeking balance with nature7900:08:13,290 --> 00:08:15,724历经远路回归中国的时候goes back a long way in China,8000:08:15,810 --> 00:08:21,520在中国拥挤的海岸线很难看到如此和谐的人地关系it is rare to see such harmoniousrelationships on China's crowded coast.8100:08:31,170 --> 00:08:32,842当夜晚降临As evening draws on,8200:08:32,930 --> 00:08:37,082屈家人准备了扇贝the Qu family preparetheir evening meal of cockles,8300:08:37,170 --> 00:08:39,400馒头和海藻做为晚膳steamed bread and seaweed.00:08:44,330 --> 00:08:46,605孩子们谈话声(KIDS CHATTERING)8500:08:47,690 --> 00:08:51,808剩菜被村里的孩子们用来喂天鹅Leftovers are given tothe village children to feed the swans.8600:08:51,890 --> 00:08:53,687这给孩子和村民带来许多乐趣It's fun for the kids and provides8700:08:53,770 --> 00:08:58,241并未鸟儿们度过寒夜提供了能量补给an extra energy boost for the birdsas they face another cold night.8800:09:03,330 --> 00:09:06,049天鹅已经利用这个庇护港The swans have been usingthis sheltered bay8900:09:06,130 --> 00:09:08,928作为冬天的过冬地at as a winter refugefor many generations.9000:09:13,570 --> 00:09:17,643只要敬重自然的传统还在As long as the traditionof respect for nature persists,9100:09:17,730 --> 00:09:21,962烟墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”间的this remarkable association between the Yandun Jiao community00:09:22,050 --> 00:09:25,963奇妙友谊就会持续下去and their winter angelslooks set to continue.9300:09:32,110 --> 00:09:35,989在渤海湾天鹅村的最东北处Out in the Bohai Gulf,northeast of the swan village,9400:09:36,070 --> 00:09:40,905一座小小的岩岛为迁徙的鸟儿提供了安静的歇脚地a small rocky island provides a quietresting spot for migrating birds.9500:09:52,390 --> 00:09:56,099但是蛇岛亦潜伏着危险But Shedao Island has hidden dangers.9600:09:58,830 --> 00:10:04,427由于海平面上升蝮蛇已被困在这座岛上6000余年Pallas' pit vipers trapped here6,000 years ago by rising sea levels9700:10:04,510 --> 00:10:07,899这已演化成一种险恶的生存方式have evolved a sinister lifestyle.9800:10:10,590 --> 00:10:12,262每年有10个月For 10 months of the year9900:10:12,350 --> 00:10:15,183岛上没有任何食物there is nothing substantial to eaton the island,00:10:15,270 --> 00:10:19,627因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力so the reptiles conserve their energy by barely moving at all.10100:10:23,270 --> 00:10:25,465鸟群鸣叫(BIRDS CAWING)10200:10:25,550 --> 00:10:28,189当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖As the sun warms their rocky home,10300:10:28,270 --> 00:10:31,262这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛the snakes climb upinto the bushes and trees.10400:10:32,510 --> 00:10:34,978但是它们不是来这晒日光浴的But they aren't here to sunbathe.10500:10:40,550 --> 00:10:42,029越来越多的毒蛇出现了More and more vipers appear10600:10:42,110 --> 00:10:45,944事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地until virtually every perchwhere a bird might land10700:10:46,030 --> 00:10:47,907等着鸟们上钩has been booby-trapped.10800:10:50,230 --> 00:10:52,505“守猎”游戏开始了Then the waiting game begins.10900:10:55,230 --> 00:10:58,859蛇隐藏得很好The serpents' camouflage is remarkable,11000:10:58,950 --> 00:11:01,510但是蛇攻击鸟的时候but so are the birds' reactions,11100:11:01,590 --> 00:11:03,899鸟的反应同样迅速as this high-speed shot reveals.11200:11:13,590 --> 00:11:17,026鸟群只在岛上停留几周The birds will only stay on the islandfor a couple of weeks.11300:11:17,110 --> 00:11:20,182但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了But although the snakeshave been starving for months,11400:11:20,270 --> 00:11:24,309但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径their only hope of bagging a mealis to be patient11500:11:24,390 --> 00:11:25,869只能是潜藏起来耐心等待and sit tight.11600:11:45,350 --> 00:11:47,227即便最微小的失误The slightest miscalculation00:11:47,310 --> 00:11:50,302也会导致狩猎的失败and the snake is left witha mouthful of feathers.11800:11:55,790 --> 00:11:58,941蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味The dropped meal is tracked down mainly by smell,11900:11:59,030 --> 00:12:01,260毒蛇用分叉的舌头the viper using its forked tongue12000:12:01,350 --> 00:12:05,059分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物to taste the air untilit is close enough to see its quarry.12100:12:08,870 --> 00:12:13,500最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物The final challenge is to swallow a meal that's twice the size of its head.12200:12:14,270 --> 00:12:19,219蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向It does so by dislocating its jawsand positioning its prey12300:12:19,310 --> 00:12:22,108使鸟嘴指向后边so the beak is pointing backwards.12400:12:29,390 --> 00:12:32,666对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂For the reptiles,this time of plenty is all too brief.00:12:32,750 --> 00:12:34,980再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了In a couple of weeks,the migration will be over12600:12:35,070 --> 00:12:37,823鸟群会继续前进and the birds will have moved on.12700:12:37,910 --> 00:12:41,903这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐This could be the snake's last mealfor six months.12800:12:45,110 --> 00:12:46,589但是并不是岛上会经历But it isn't just islands12900:12:46,670 --> 00:12:49,821盛宴和饥馑的循环that experience cyclesof feast and famine.13000:12:49,910 --> 00:12:52,105海也有季节变化The sea, too, has its seasons,13100:12:52,190 --> 00:12:56,547沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化a fact well known to fishing communities along the neighbouring coasts.13200:13:03,030 --> 00:13:04,588在初望港In Chuwang harbour,13300:13:04,670 --> 00:13:09,061盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明the start of a new fishing season provides the excuse for a massive party.13400:13:13,390 --> 00:13:15,108但是对于船主老赵来说But for boat owner Mr Zhao,13500:13:15,190 --> 00:13:18,102既有庆祝又有祈祷it's a day of prayeras well as celebration.13600:13:21,070 --> 00:13:26,098老赵希望通过祭祀海神Zhao hopes that by presenting giftsand showing respect to the sea goddess,13700:13:26,190 --> 00:13:29,262来确保他们来年捕鱼he can help ensure a prosperousand safe year ahead13800:13:29,350 --> 00:13:31,147顺利安全for him and his crew.13900:13:41,990 --> 00:13:46,780同时鼓声爆竹反映了古人的信念Meanwhile, drums, firecrackers and fireworks reflect the ancient belief14000:13:46,870 --> 00:13:51,864古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气that loud noises will frighten off dangerous sea devils and bad fortune.00:14:00,190 --> 00:14:05,389台子中间的那个是海龙的象征Occupying centre stageis a representation of the sea dragon,14200:14:05,470 --> 00:14:08,030传说海龙控制着水和天气mythical ruler of water and weather.14300:14:38,590 --> 00:14:40,069夜晚风平浪静In the calm of the evening,14400:14:40,150 --> 00:14:43,347赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼Mr Zhao and his familylight paper boat lanterns.14500:14:49,550 --> 00:14:53,589每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神Each flickering flamecarries a wish to the sea goddess,14600:14:53,670 --> 00:14:58,186这个传统世代传递着a tradition passed on from parentsto children over countless generations.14700:15:14,310 --> 00:15:16,460在中国拥挤的海岸线上On China's crowded coasts,14800:15:16,550 --> 00:15:20,259渔民们必须非常机敏fishermen need to beextremely resourceful.00:15:20,350 --> 00:15:23,183收渔网是一项繁重的工作Hauling in the nets is hard work,15000:15:23,270 --> 00:15:26,228目前为止还没有看到鱼and so far there's not a fish in sight.15100:15:30,030 --> 00:15:31,668只有海蜇Only jellyfish.15200:15:35,950 --> 00:15:37,747每年无数的海蜇Each year, millions of jellyfish15300:15:37,830 --> 00:15:41,584被渤海湾的水流带到南方are carried south with the currentsin the Bohai Gulf.15400:15:42,830 --> 00:15:46,539这种现象的生态学原因很复杂The ecological storybehind this event is complex,15500:15:46,630 --> 00:15:48,939但决不是中国特有的but by no means unique to China.15600:15:50,790 --> 00:15:53,782海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物Jellyfish are fast-breedingplankton feeders.15700:15:55,310 --> 00:15:59,542近些年来人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥In recent years, human sewage and fertilisers from intensive farming15800:15:59,630 --> 00:16:02,702增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度have increased plankton bloomsin the Gulf,15900:16:02,790 --> 00:16:05,065提供了丰富的海蜇食物providing extra jellyfish food.16000:16:06,350 --> 00:16:10,184由于过度捕鱼海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了While over-fishing has reducedtheir enemies and competitors.16100:16:15,270 --> 00:16:19,058这种现象已经It's a phenomenon that has become increasingly widespread16200:16:19,150 --> 00:16:20,902在全球蔓延across the world's seas.16300:16:22,470 --> 00:16:25,587然而别的地方认为是个问题However, what is seen elsewhereas a problem,16400:16:25,670 --> 00:16:28,628在中国却被当成机会in China is perceived as an opportunity.16500:16:39,830 --> 00:16:41,149岸上Back on shore,00:16:41,230 --> 00:16:45,189四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里mule carts transport the jellyfishto nearby warehouses16700:16:45,270 --> 00:16:49,422在那里处理后销往全国where they will be processedand sold as food all over China.16800:17:06,350 --> 00:17:10,025四代人正在饱餐一碗海蜇片Four generations tuck intoa bowl of sliced jellyfish,16900:17:11,070 --> 00:17:13,789这道菜可以延年益寿the recipe for a long and healthy life.17000:17:27,310 --> 00:17:29,983离开了渤海湾Leaving the Bohai Gulf behind,17100:17:30,070 --> 00:17:31,583迁徙的鹤群migrating cranes,17200:17:31,670 --> 00:17:35,219篦鹭和鸭子里边加入了其他鸟类spoonbills and ducksare joined by other birds,17300:17:35,310 --> 00:17:39,428它们都飞向南方寻找安全的冬天栖息地all heading southin search of a safe winter haven.00:17:49,470 --> 00:17:53,224鸟群的迁徙路线顺着黄海The birds' migration route followsthe coast of the Yellow Sea17500:17:53,310 --> 00:17:56,347一路朝向江苏省down into Jiangsu Province,17600:17:56,430 --> 00:17:58,739那里有肥沃的农业风景a fertile agricultural landscape17700:17:58,830 --> 00:18:02,300有中国最后存留的盐沼泽地with some of the last remainingsalt marshes in China.17800:18:10,350 --> 00:18:11,499大丰At Dafeng,17900:18:11,590 --> 00:18:16,141一小块盐沼泽的就是一只幸存动物的家园a small salt marsh reserve is hometo an animal which is lucky to be alive.18000:18:18,590 --> 00:18:22,822中国人认为麋鹿是奇怪复杂的动物The Chinese see these Milu asa curious composite animal,18100:18:22,910 --> 00:18:24,821有像马一样的头with a horse's head,18200:18:24,910 --> 00:18:26,468牛一样的脚cow's feet,18300:18:26,550 --> 00:18:28,541驴一样的尾巴a tail like a donkey18400:18:28,630 --> 00:18:30,746朝向后边的鹿角and backwards-facing antlers.18500:18:34,630 --> 00:18:37,986在西方自从第一个欧洲人In the West, we know it asP鑢e David's Deer,18600:18:38,070 --> 00:18:40,789叫它麋鹿以后我们也这样叫了after the first European to describe it.18700:18:46,590 --> 00:18:47,818在发情期During the rut,18800:18:47,910 --> 00:18:51,698雄鹿用植物的花环来装饰自己stags decorate themselveswith garlands of vegetation18900:18:51,790 --> 00:18:53,906这些东西是用鹿角弄的collected in their antlers.19000:19:02,430 --> 00:19:05,945激烈的战斗决定谁拥有交配权Fierce battles decide mating rights.00:19:06,030 --> 00:19:09,181雌鹿仍然带着去年的幼鹿The females still havelast year's fawns in tow.19200:19:13,350 --> 00:19:15,910母鹿在发情期也没有给幼鹿断奶They haven't been weanedby the time of the rut19300:19:15,990 --> 00:19:18,868幼鹿聚在一起and band together in large crhes,19400:19:18,950 --> 00:19:22,181只回到自己母亲那里喂食only returning to their mothers to feed.19500:19:22,270 --> 00:19:26,627这种特殊的行为有助于帮助它们记清楚好斗的雄鹿This unique behaviour helps to keep them clear of the aggressive males.19600:19:33,070 --> 00:19:36,983现在中国仅存2500头麋鹿了Today, there are just2,500 Milu in China,19700:19:38,950 --> 00:19:42,067很明显如果再多也很有限but it is remarkable thatthere are any at all.19800:19:44,310 --> 00:19:48,189在20世纪初期野外的麋鹿濒临灭绝In the early 1900sMilu became extinct in the wild,00:19:48,830 --> 00:19:53,267幸运的是一些良种鹿群被当作礼物送到了欧洲but luckily, some of the Imperial herdhad been sent as a gift to Europe.20000:19:54,430 --> 00:19:57,467那些在英格兰Woburn Abbey的麋鹿繁衍了下来Those at Woburn Abbey,in England, prospered.20100:19:57,550 --> 00:20:02,41920世纪80年代40头鹿被送回了故乡And in the early 1980s, 40 of the deerwere returned to their homeland20200:20:02,510 --> 00:20:04,740它们在那里继续繁衍生息where they continue to thrive.20300:20:22,550 --> 00:20:25,018迁徙的鹤群至今已经The migrating craneshave so far travelled20400:20:25,110 --> 00:20:28,625顺着海岸向南飞行了两千多公里了over 2,000 kilometres southwardsalong the coast.20500:20:37,150 --> 00:20:40,142经过了大丰的麋鹿预留区Passing the Milu Deer Reserve at Dafeng,20600:20:40,230 --> 00:20:42,505它们接近了另一个盐沼泽地they are approaching another salt marsh00:20:42,590 --> 00:20:46,902那里给它们过冬提供了极好的条件which will provide the perfect conditions for them to spend the winter.20800:20:57,350 --> 00:21:02,060盐城，中国最大的沿海湿地This is Yancheng,the largest coastal wetland in China,20900:21:02,150 --> 00:21:05,586每年估计有三百万鸟拜访这里visited by an estimatedthree million birds each year.21000:21:06,110 --> 00:21:07,748(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)21100:21:10,430 --> 00:21:13,786刚出生七个月的幼鹤Crane chicks that were only born seven months ago21200:21:13,870 --> 00:21:17,180完成了第一次来回旅行have now completed the first legof a round trip21300:21:17,270 --> 00:21:19,659它们将会每年重复这样which they will repeat every year.21400:21:21,430 --> 00:21:24,103坚强的鹤群能应付冬天的温度The hardy cranes can copewith winter temperatures00:21:24,190 --> 00:21:26,340温度可能降到零度以下which may drop below freezing.21600:21:29,310 --> 00:21:33,701但是其他迁徙的鸟类比如濒临灭绝的黑面篦鹭However, other migrating birds, likethe endangered black-faced spoonbill,21700:21:33,790 --> 00:21:36,384就没有那么耐寒are less cold-tolerant21800:21:36,470 --> 00:21:40,429它们将要继续南飞寻找更温暖的气候and will continue even further southin search of warmer climes.21900:21:46,310 --> 00:21:47,823(嘎嘎的叫声）(SQUAWKING)22000:21:57,070 --> 00:21:59,903在这里许多迁徙的鸟群At this point,many of the migrating bird flocks22100:21:59,990 --> 00:22:03,699勉强达到了它们南飞旅程的一半are barely halfway alongtheir southward journey.22200:22:03,790 --> 00:22:06,623在它们前面还有新的挑战Ahead of them lies a new challenge,22300:22:06,710 --> 00:22:09,702中国最伟大的河——长江China's greatest river, the Yangtze,22400:22:09,790 --> 00:22:13,180是许多种类迁徙物种的聚集地and the venue fora very different kind of migration.22500:22:19,590 --> 00:22:23,583每年上百万吨的货物往来江面Each year, millions of tons of cargo travel up and down the river,22600:22:23,670 --> 00:22:27,106使这里成了世界上最繁忙的航路之一making this one ofthe busiest waterways in the world.22700:22:37,870 --> 00:22:40,100这些是中华绒蝥蟹These are Chinese mitten crabs,22800:22:40,190 --> 00:22:42,704因它们长毛爪子得名named for their strange hairy claws.22900:22:49,870 --> 00:22:53,306它们可以迁移长达1500公里They may migrate as much as1,500 kilometres23000:22:53,390 --> 00:22:56,382从支流和湖泊一直到河口from tributaries and lakesto the river mouth,23100:22:56,470 --> 00:22:58,665他们在那里繁殖后代where they gather to breed.23200:23:05,590 --> 00:23:09,344中华鲟也有相似的迁徙A similar migration is madeby the giant Yangtze sturgeon,23300:23:09,430 --> 00:23:13,548中华鲟能长到4米长半吨重which can reach four metres longand weigh half a ton.23400:23:13,630 --> 00:23:17,145近些年来它们的数量骤减In recent years,its numbers have declined dramatically23500:23:17,230 --> 00:23:21,542这是由于它们的迁徙被越来越多的河坝阻挡了as its migration is impededby ever more river dams.23600:23:24,830 --> 00:23:28,789但是不仅中华鲟有这样的境遇But it isn't just animals likethe sturgeon that are in trouble,23700:23:28,870 --> 00:23:32,180整个长江的生态系统都遭到了破坏the entire Yangtze Riverecosystem is being poisoned.23800:23:35,510 --> 00:23:39,298虽然有显耀的清理计划项目In spite of being the subjectof an ambitious clean-up plan,23900:23:39,430 --> 00:23:41,898估计长江是最大的today the river isreckoned to be the biggest24000:23:41,990 --> 00:23:45,824污染太平洋的单向水源single source of pollutionentering the Pacific Ocean.24100:23:54,550 --> 00:23:57,462坐落于长江入海口的Situated right at the mouthof its estuary,24200:23:57,550 --> 00:24:01,065崇明岛为迁徙的滨鸟Chongming Island providesa vital resting and feeding spot24300:24:01,150 --> 00:24:03,618提供了重要的休养生息的地方for migrating shorebirds,24400:24:03,710 --> 00:24:06,304人们对长江流域的野生动物的态度不断转变and a place which offerswelcome evidence24500:24:06,390 --> 00:24:10,349这个地方也是个很好的证明of changing attitudes towardsthe Yangtze's beleaguered wildlife.24600:24:15,390 --> 00:24:18,621几个世纪里这些沿岸泥滩一直吸引许多捕猎者For centuries these coastalmudflats have attracted hunters,24700:24:18,710 --> 00:24:20,382就像金先生一样like Mr Jin,24800:24:20,470 --> 00:24:23,462他们不断地改善捕猎技巧who have honedtheir trapping skills to perfection24900:24:23,550 --> 00:24:27,338捕获稀有鸟类供上海有钱人食用to put rare birds on the tablesof Shanghai's elite.25000:24:40,830 --> 00:24:44,18640年里金先生一直用一张网For 40 years Mr Jin has used a net,25100:24:44,270 --> 00:24:47,421简单的诱鸟和一只竹笛simple decoy birds and a bamboo whistle25200:24:47,510 --> 00:24:50,661来诱惑经过的鸟到他的网里to lure passing birds towards his nets.25300:24:50,750 --> 00:24:52,468(笛声)(WHISTLING)25400:25:05,950 --> 00:25:09,545这需要耐心和高超的技巧It takes both patienceand consummate skill.25500:25:32,910 --> 00:25:35,788但是事情并不总是这样But all is not as it seems.25600:25:35,870 --> 00:25:40,102像其他许多最好的自然保护者一样Mr Jin, like many ofthe best conservationists,25700:25:40,190 --> 00:25:43,227金先生现在由偷猎者变为了看护者is poacher turned gamekeeper,25800:25:43,310 --> 00:25:46,939使用他捕猎技艺来保护他原先的猎物using his hunting skillsto benefit his old quarry.25900:25:52,390 --> 00:25:55,382在东潭鸟类保护基地里The staff here at Dongtan Bird Reserve26000:25:55,470 --> 00:25:58,621人们将给这些捕获的鸟测量带环称重will measure, ringand weigh the trapped birds26100:25:58,710 --> 00:26:01,099然后把它们释放before releasing them unharmed.26200:26:02,470 --> 00:26:05,667由金先生和他的同事们收集的这些信息The information gatheredby Mr Jin and his colleagues26300:26:05,750 --> 00:26:09,425帮助保护了200多个不同的鸟类。

BBC Wild China文本第五集

NARRA TOR: Protected by the Great Wall in the north,and fed by the Yellow and Yangtze rivers,China's eastern heartland is the centre of a flourishing civilisation which spans more than 5,000 years.To outsiders this is a mysterious land.It contains dazzling man-made structures.And it's home to some of China's rarest and most charismatic creatures. (ROARING)The people who live here, the Han Chinese,comprise the largest ethnic group in the world,and their language, Mandarin,is the world's oldest and most widely spoken language. (SPEAKING CHINESE)In the last 50 years China has seen massive development,bringing many environmental problems.But the relationship of the Chinese to their environment and its creatures is in fact deep, complex and extraordinary.In this programme we will look for clues to this ancient relationship and what it means for the future of China.Our journey starts at the very heart of China, Beijing.China's capital is a vast metropolis, home to 15 million people.This bustling modern city seems an unlikely placefor traditional beliefs and customs.But beneath the contemporary veneer,it's possible to see glimpses of a far older China.Every morning, people head to the parks around the Forbidden City, to continue a custom which is centuries old.Many Chinese keep birds as companions,specifically a type of laughing thrush from southern China.But they know that cooped up indoors, birds may become depressed. So they try to brighten their day by meeting other birds.(BIRDS TWITTERING)This surprising scene in the heart of modern Beijingis a clue to China's oldest spiritual ambition,the harmonious co-existence of man and nature. (WHISTLING)(BIRDS CHIRPING)But from the 1950s onwards,this ancient belief was to be severely challenged.After a century of humiliation and intervention by foreign powers, Chairman Mao sought to rebuild China's dignity.Mao believed strongly in self-reliance,achieved through using all of nature's resources.Mao's first concern was to feed the Chinese peopleby turning as much land as possible over to grain production,destroying non-cereal cropsand uprooting fruit trees in the process.A campaign to eliminate crop-raiding sparrows backfiredwhen insect-eating birds were also targeted,causing an increase in insect pests.Efforts to make China self-reliant in steelresulted in 10% of the country's forests being felled to feed the furnaces.This had a profound impact on China's environment,with effects, in some cases, lasting until the present day.Mao's policy towards the countryside has been described in the phrase,"Man must conquer nature."Quite different from the ancient concept of harmonious co-existence with nature. As modern China engages with the outside world,which of these attitudes seems likely to prevail?To find the answers,we'll travel to the far reaches of the heartlandto see how its traditional cultures and unique creatures are faring today.Beijing has always depended on the North China Plain,a rich farmland twice the size of the UK.The fertility of this plain derives from further west,from the Loess Plateau.The mineral-rich soil of the Loess Plateau is incredibly fertile.People have lived here for thousands of years,hollowing their homes out of the soft soil.(WOMAN SPEAKING CHINESE)The caves might lack the glamour of Beijing,but people can survive here.Warm, secure, but best of all, well fed.(WOMAN LAUGHING)As a result of centuries of farming,the landscape has become scarred with thousands of water-worn gullies. But this spectacular erosion has had an unexpected benefit.The streams which drain the gulliescarry the fertile yellow soil into the plateau's major river,known to the Han people as the Mother of Chinese civilisation.This is the Yellow River.Each year the Yellow River carries billions of tons of sedimentfrom the Loess Plateaueastwards to the crop fields of the Chinese heartland.Historically, the Chinese relationship with the river has been uneasy. Sediment, building up on the riverbed, has caused the Yellow Riverto burst its banks periodically,unleashing devastating floods, resulting in millions of deaths.But when tamed with dykes and channels, the river's bounty is legendary. Even today, half of China's wheat comes from the Yellow River floodplain. For thousands of years, the sediment-rich Yellow Riverhas underpinned the prosperity of the Chinese heartland.But increased demand for water by people and industrynow threaten to run the river dry.And the source of its fertility, the Loess Plateau, is also under threat. Loosened by cultivation, its soft soil is blowing away.The North China Plain is choked with dust stormsthat even loom over Beijing,so much so that the Chinese governmenthas made improving the city's air quality a priorityin the run up to the Beijing Olympics.Heartland China's life-support system is in trouble.Yet in a few places it's still possible to find landscapesthat appear to have remained untouched.At the southern edge of the North China Plainlie the Qinling Mountains.At 1,500 kilometres long,they run like a backbone through the middle of China.Deep within the mountains is a maze of remote valleys and forests,home to strange and wonderful creatures.(MONKEYS CALLING)These are golden snub-nosed monkeys, a species unique to China. Seldom seen, they are frequently heard.Their strange child-like calls and extraordinary appearancemay have inspired the local talesof a Yeti-like wild man of the mountains.As winter temperatures drop to minus 10 degrees Celsius,their dense fur keeps them warm.Mutual grooming not only keeps their precious fur in good condition, but also helps to reinforce bonds within the troop.In summer, the monkeys go around in huge bands,but at this lean time of the yearthey split up into smaller foraging parties.In the dead of winter,the monkeys are forced to rummage around the rocksfor a few meagre morsels of lichen and moss.As the world surrounding their mountain homehas filled up with towns and crop lands,the snub-nosed monkeys' habitat has changed dramatically.Today there are just 10,000 left in existence.(SAWING)To the people who live in the Qinling Mountains,the forest and its wildlife are a resource to be used,the basis of their livelihood.These people share the forest with an even more elusive inhabitant. It's probably China's most famous animal,but very few have ever seen it.Unlike the monkeys, this creature has a very specific diet, bamboo.It's a wild giant panda.Secretive, and sensitive to noise,the giant panda is often gone before anyone can get close to it. The panda has long been known in China.It was mentioned in dictionaries more than 2,000 years agoand the Imperial Garden is said to have housed one.In the dense bamboo of the forest one panda rarely sees another, instead they communicate by subtle scent signals.At a metre-and-a-half long and 135 kilos,the giant panda is a member of the bear family.But its bear-like digestive system is built for eating meat,not this tough, fibrous stuff.And to make matters worse, the bamboo leaves are frozen solid. But the panda has devised a cunning way of breaking the ice off. It rubs the bamboo over its snout.Unlike other bears,the panda can't fatten itself up and hibernate through the winter. Bamboo is so low in energythat the panda must spend most of the day eating.Once it has exhausted one area, it must move on to the next.The panda's paw is surprisingly un-bear-like, too.It's flexible, with an enlarged wrist bonewhich allows it to grasp and manoeuvre the bamboowith a dexterity and precision that a monkey would be proud of. Twisting the bamboo leaves into a cigar shapemakes them easier to munch.Hungry pandas once roamed across vast tracts of bamboo-rich forestthat covered much of China's heartland.But since the 1950s,logging has fragmented the Qinling Mountain forests.Its remaining wild pandas are now confined within isolated reserves.In the last 50 years, China's heartland has been subjected to desertification, drying rivers and deforestation,affecting not only people, but wildlife, too.The relationship between the Chinese people and their environment appears to be out of balance.But if we dig a little bit deeper,there are some surprising and intimate connections even today. Clues to the nature of these links can be found in everyday life, even in the centre of China's capital city.In the parks of Beijing,Mandarin ducks keep a close watch over their young.Believed by the Chinese to pair for life,they have been seen for centuries as a symbol of love and fidelity. Images of these birds are believed to improve personal relationships. As a result, Beijing's Mandarin ducks are highly protected.The alleyways of the capital's ancient hutongsare home to a very different kind of creature.Each day Zhou Guoguang tends his brood of pigeons,his chance to escape the pressures of city life for an hour or two.Up here on the rooftops,Zhou is confident his charges will be safe.But in the streets belowlurk dangerous spirits that scavenge and steal.Deeper into the hutongs, the influence of modern Beijing recedes. These alleys are full of ancient beliefs.(SPEAKING CHINESE)(BICYCLE BELL RINGING)As night falls, spirits emerge from their hiding-places.The yellow weasel.Some people believethat offending this crafty predator can bring bad luck,so they turn a blind eye to the weasel's night-time marauding.Old beliefs, coupled with a rising awareness of conservation,are helping the yellow weasel survive in the middle of Beijing,despite killing the odd pigeon.In the south of China,the relationship with nature appears more brutal.Cantonese cuisine is famous for its diversity,summed up in the saying,"We will eat anything on four legs, except a table."And though the government has banned the consumption of wildlife in China and most of the meat here comes from captive-bred animals,a significant amount is taken illegally from the wild.This restaurant in Hong Kong specialises in serpents.Most are harmless rat snakes,but with the odd cobra on the menu, one false move could spell trouble. Chau Ka-Ling has lost countof the number of times she's been bitten,so she always carries a Chinese herbal remedy,just in case.We might turn our noses up at such a strange choice of food,but eating snakes is more than just a matter of taste.The Cantonese believe it can help to clean the blood,increase vitality and beautify the skin.In such a crowded land,a tradition of eating everything with very little wastecould be seen as commendable thrift.The problem is that there are so many peopleeating wild food in south China,that the illegal supply chain stretches well beyond its borders, contributing to the disappearance of wildlife not only within China, but from other countries, too.A visit to a traditional Chinese medicine shopreveals another aspect of the use of animals and plants.Dr So has been practising for over 20 years.The most important part of his diagnosis is the pulse,examined in several places.Dr So also observes the colour of the tongue and eyes,and asks questions about the patient's taste,smell and even dreams.(BOTH SPEAKING CHINESE)Once satisfied with his diagnosis, he'll write a prescription,using a script unique to doctors.Chinese traditional medicineuses an incredible array of animals, vegetables and mineralsto treat the individual rather than the illness,aiming to restore the harmony of opposing but complementary forces, known in China as yin and yang.The concept is rooted in the ancient beliefthat the universe is harmoniousand that people are intimately connected to,and affected by, their environment.Despite the seemingly bizarre nature of the ingredients,Chinese traditional medicinehas been successfully treating people for thousands of years.But although the use of endangered wildlife ingredientsin medicine is now banned in China,some wild animals and plants are still used illegally.Once again nature bears the cost.But Chinese tradition has borrowed from nature in other wayswhich are not in the least exploitative.In ancient Chinese philosophy,man was considered part of the natural worldand able to benefit from its wisdom.Thousands of years agoBuddhist monks on sacred Shaolin Mountainincorporated their observations of wild creaturesinto a system of exercisesto help the flow of energy and build strength.This animal-inspired art-form became kung fu.Today, ancient Shaolin Mountain,the place where kung fu began, remains its prime training centre. Shi Yanting is a master.(SPEAKING CHINESE)Students from all over the country come here to learnthe ancient knowledge derived from the natural world.The emphasis today is perhaps more on the physicalrather than the philosophical elements that underlie kung fu,but it's a significant re-awakening.This seven-year-oldis perfecting the devastating punch of the praying mantis. When combined and perfected, these animal forms,such as mantis, monkey and crane, become an unstoppable force. Ancient Chinese philosophy took nature itselfas the inspiration for its most fabulous creature.Fertile rivers may have shaped this civilisation,but the Chinese believedthat the rivers themselves were formed and controlled by a dragon. Unlike the destructive dragon of the West,the Chinese dragon was benevolent,provided it was treated with respect.The ancient Chinese called themselves descendents of the dragonand knew they needed to live harmoniously in the dragon's realm.This respect for the dragonhas relevance today for a remarkable creaturewhich lives around the paddy fields of China's other great river,the Yangtze.(SHOUTING)This fearsome-looking beast is a Chinese alligator,known as the muddy dragon.Despite its association with the mythical Chinese dragon,the reptile has long been regarded by country people as a fish-eating pest, and has been persecuted almost to the point of extinction.There are only around 150 Chinese alligators left in the wild,and it's mainly down to the care and protection offered by dedicated people like retired farmer Chang Jin Rong that any survive at all.Today, most Chinese alligators live in captivity.At this breeding centre near Xuancheng,Chinese alligators gather for their extraordinary courtship. (BELLOWING)The males bellow to attract a mate.As it travels through the water,the sound is both heard and felt by the female.(BELLOWING CONTINUES)The bellowing is her cue to investigate.In the alien world of the Chinese alligator,these two will be able to learn much about each otherusing the scent glands under their jaws.Satisfied with her choice, the two swim off together before mating. The muddy dragon owes its continued survivalto a government initiative a quarter of a century ago,which created the captive breeding centre at Xuancheng.Having dug a little deeper,it does seem that ancient beliefs about naturestill have resonance in modern China.Far upstream, along one of the Yangtze's mountain tributaries, another ambitious conservation projectis attempting to save China's most famous creature.China's first captive breeding centre for the giant panda opened in 1983. This is Wolong Reserve,a far cry from the bamboo forests where wild pandas live.Every spring, male and female pandas are ferried around the sitein the hope that introductions will lead to romance.(MEN CHATTERING)Scientists have been trying to encourage the pandas to breed naturally, but it's difficult to get the conditions rightsince few people have ever seen how panda courtship happens in the wild. Meanwhile, artificial insemination has proved highly successful.At just five weeks old, this baby needs 24-hour care.It's simply too precious to be entrusted to its natural mother,who may have little experience of parenthood.After initial teething problems,Wolong's artificial insemination programmehas been remarkably successful.In 2006, the reserve reared 16 cubs,and there are now more captive-bred pandas at Wolongthan can be safely released back into the shrinking wild habitat.In nature, giant pandas learn survival skills from their mother,but have little contact with other pandas.These youngsters may have exceptional social skills,but they wouldn't have a clue how to survive in the wild.For the majority, their future lies in zoos.While the ultimate valueof captive breeding projects like this is debatable,there are places in Chinawhere animals are being successfully protected in their wild habitat.Right at the top of the Qinling Mountainslives a rare and mysterious creaturethat has inspired legends as far away as ancient Greece.The size of a buffalo and with a temper to match,this is the original owner of the golden fleece, the golden takin.Golden takin make their way to the top of the mountainsfor the breeding season.It's an opportunity for the males to prove their mettle.They are formidable and aggressive creatures.Now victorious, this male will have access to the females.Despite living high on the mountains,golden takin were once hunted to near extinction for their meat.In a return to the laws of ancient China,there's now a government ban on poaching and the takin is officially protected. Attitudes towards nature in Chinaare clearly complex and rooted in tradition,and in the Qinling Mountains there is one story that showsjust how valuable these traditions can be.Every morning a flock of crested ibis leave their roost,close to the village of Yangxian, in search of food.Traditionally, the birds' departure marked the start of the farmers' day. Crested ibises need wetlands for feeding,and rice paddies are the perfect place to hunt for eels, frogs and snails. The birds and farmers had probably coexisted here for thousands of years, until the 20th century when in many parts of Chinarice was replaced by more profitable wheat production.Crested ibis numbers rapidly declined.At one point, they were even believed to be extinct.Then, in 1981,the last seven crested ibises on earth were found here.The Chinese government stepped in,protecting the rice paddies so the birds could continue to feedand safeguarding neighbouring trees to enable them to breed.Rescued from the brink of extinction,there are now 500 crested ibis living around Yangxian town.In modern China, room is being made for nature once again.But the appreciation of nature in Chinaisn't confined to impressive animals or colourful birds.Mountain landscapes have held a fascinationfor Chinese artists and poets throughout history.Mountains also had religious significanceas places that linked earth with the heavens.One of the most sacred of all is here at Mount Emei,the site of a 2,000-year-old Buddhist temple.China today has the world's largest Buddhist population.These old sacred sites are highly cherished.Nearly two million people visit Mount Emei each year.But the Buddhist temples are not the only attraction.Mount Emei is home to Tibetan macaques, the biggest of their kind. Their thick coats enable them to thrive in harsh mountain conditions at altitudes up to 3,000 metres.Ancient Chinese people believedthat good deeds towards the human-looking macaqueswere an investment for eternity.But for these city-dwelling tourists,whose everyday lives are far removed from wildlife,this encounter is an uneasy mix of reverence and fear. (PEOPLE CHATTERING)For the macaques, too, it's an awkward relationship.The monkeys normally forage for fruit,but the tourists are a much easier source of food.Constant contact with people is changing the behaviour of the troop.Once wary of humans, the macaques are growing bolder.How are tourists supposed to knowthat this eyebrow raising display means trouble?(MONKEY GROWLING)Some of the more assertive monkeys have to be policed accordingly. (SCREECHING)While the impact on wildlife from mass tourism is not entirely beneficial, the fact that increasing numbers of peopleare enjoying nature at first handsuggests some hope for the future.Despite all the changes in China during the last 50 years,many sacred places like Emei have been protected.Heading west, China's heartland becomes increasingly rugged.Beyond the Qinling Mountains lies the even higher Min Shan,where towering peaks conceal one of China's most remarkable landscapes, known to the Chinese as fairyland paradise.Jiuzhaigou was virtually unknown until the 1970s.Today it's one of China's most famous tourist areas,and is recognised internationally as a World Heritage Site.The limestone mountains are the source of crystal-clear springswhich have formed over 100 lakes filled with lime-rich waterof unbelievable colour.Underwater is a perfectly preserved ghostly forest, shrouded in algae. This strange world is home to a species of fishunique to these lakes.Who would have guessed that with close to a billion inhabitantsChina's heartland could still harbour a landscape of such pristine beauty? It's spring in the Qinling Mountains.As the farmers tend their new crops,the secret life of China's most famous animalis finally coming to light.In one of the panda's last strongholds, a drama is about to unfold,one which has rarely been witnessed.(WHINING)A young female has ventured into the valley,sparking a flurry of interest among the resident males. (GROWLING)A panda's life is mostly solitary, until the spring breeding season. When the brief opportunity to mate arises,the males must be ready to take their chance.But timing is everything.(ROARING)This male's approach is somewhat lacking in subtlety,and anyway, the female isn't ready for him yet.Her peak receptive time lasts just two days.So he guards her, biding his time with a good supply of bamboo. Unfortunately his hostage must eat, too,but she doesn't exactly feel like descending.Another male has been attracted to the scene.He's a veteran of many breeding seasons.He's wary of his rival,because at this time of year males are transformedfrom peace-loving bamboo eaters into potential killers. (GROWLING)Despite the danger, he makes a challenge.The defending male rises to meet him.(GROWLING)The challenger is chased by the defending male.In the thick bamboo, the battle rages as the males fight for dominance. The female wisely stays clear of trouble.The challenger backs down.The size and strength of the defending male is just too much.The loser retreats and the exhausted but triumphant victorreturns to the female.(GROWLING)This time she's ready for him.Instead of running, she waits.This is the first time this extraordinary courtship behaviourhas ever been filmed in the wild.If mating is successful,the female will produce a single cub and rear it on her own.Today, with improving attitudes towards wildlife conservation,there is hope that China's 1,600 remaining wild pandashave some chance of survival.In 2003, conservation became an integral part of the curriculumfor China's 200 million school students.For the children of the Qinling Mountains,knowing what a special neighbour they havemay help to protect it for the future.In the midst of headlong change,conducted at a pace unprecedented in human history,can China hold on to its ancient desire for harmony with nature?Can it reconcile the aspirations of its peoplewith the long-term need to protect its environment?Here at the Temple of Heaven, in the very heart of Beijing,there are signs of a new attitude towards nature.Every year, as thousands of birds migrate southwards to escape the winter, one secretive species seeks shelter in the temple grounds.Safeguarded by the temple's tradition,as many as 10 owls can be seen in the same tree.(CHINESE FIDDLE PLAYING)The owls' arrival is celebratedby members of the recently formed Beijing Bird Club.(OWL SCREECHING)Migration can be a dangerous undertaking,and every year many owls suffer the hazards of power lines,traffic and industry.Some of the more fortunate end up here, at Beijing's Raptor Rescue Centre. Established in 2001, it's the first of its kind.Here owls are given medical attention by Sun Quanhui and his team.The birds are even exercised to help their rehabilitation.Once deemed fit and healthy,the owls are taken to the hills at the edge of Beijing.Every spring, staff from Beijing's Raptor Rescue Centrerelease dozens of owls.Today there are over 1,500 designated nature reserves in Chinacovering large tracts of some of the country's finest landscapes.(BELL CLANGING)As China looks to the future with a renewed sense of direction,ancient traditions are still very much a part of its culture.It's Chinese New Year.All over the country, the people prepare to appease their oldest and most venerated creature, the dragon.(TRADITIONAL MUSIC PLAYING)As night falls, everyone from the neighbourhood brings a lantern. And one by one, the lights are added to the dragon's tail. (FIRECRACKERS EXPLODING)As the procession grows longer, the atmosphere buildswith the spectacle of one of China's oldest and greatest inventions. The dragon dance is performed all over China.The ceremony itself is thousands of years old,but it's still the highlight of the Chinese New Year.As the dragon winds its way through the village,it has grown hundreds of metres long.Everyone is part of it.After a century of unprecedented change in China,during which environmental protection has not been a priority, there are now signs of a new direction.In October 2006,the Communist Party specifically identifiedpromoting harmony between man and natureas an important step in their goal of building a harmonious society,and called on the Chinese peopleto accelerate the construction of an environmentally friendly society. As China's economy continues to grow,its re-engagement with the ancient ideal of harmony with nature provides a glimmer of hope for the future of wild China.。

2024届广西南宁市普通高中毕业班第一次适应性测试英语试卷(原卷版+解析版)

南宁市2024届普通高中毕业班第一次适应性测试英语(全卷满分150分, 考试时间120分钟)注意事项：1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准备考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需要改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirtA. 19.15.B. 9.18.C. 9.15.答案是C。

1 Why doesn’t the woman help the manA. She is busy now.B. She is poor at math.C. She has a headache.2. Where are the speakersA. In a taxi.B. In a subway.C. On a bus.3. How long is the Information Center open on weekendsA. 14 hours.B. 4 hours.C. 16 hours.4. What kind of books does the woman like bestA. Detective stories.B. Historical fiction.C. Science fiction.5. What was Jason doingA. He was meeting a doctor.B. He was looking after his wife.C. He was visiting his daughter.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

hello china第二集笔记

hello china第二集笔记Paper, zhi, was a Chinese invention. 2,000 years ago, Chinese invented paper-making. This zhi was made of silk and was so expensive that only the emperor and aristocrats could afford to use it.1,900 years ago, a eunuch called Cai Lun improved thepaper-making process. He made cheap jinzhi out of tree bark and rags. The improvement in paper-making spread zhi far and wide, and many different types of zhi were invented by Chinese people. Xuan paper, a kind of high quality rice paper, best shows the charm of traditional. Chinese painting and calligraphy.Jute paper is used to transcribe Chinese classics.Later, Chinese zhi spread to the West via the Chinese Silk Road. Thousands of years of culture and civilization were recorded on zhi, and passed to different parts of the world.A Chinese named Bi Sheng invented movable type print around 1,000 years ago. The movable components are cubes made of baked clay. Characters were carved on each piece of clay, which looked like the seals widely used in China.The movable components could be arranged freely toform different vocabularies and sentences. They were fixed on an iron plate with frames in certain sequence. Then ink was painted and a piece of paper was laid down. A printed sheet was created this way.This technique improved the efficiency of printing and transformed traditional transcription into modern printing. s and paintings spread widely in the world with the help of yìn shuā.。

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2024届广西南宁市普通高中毕业班第一次适应性测试英语试卷(原卷版+解析版)

hello china第二集笔记

美丽中国中英文字幕第01集龙之心 Heart of the Dragon

美丽中国(Wild China)第六集潮汐更迭 Tides of Change

BBC Wild China文本第五集