2010文化体制改革基本情况 中英对照
2010奥巴马国情咨文全文(中英文版)
2010奥巴马国情咨文全文（中英文版）2月24日晚，奥巴马总统在美国国会参众两院发表国情咨文。
以下是国情咨文的全文，由美国国务院国际信息局(IIP)根据白宫新闻秘书办公室提供的记录稿翻译。
总统：议长女士，副总统先生，各位国会议员，美国第一夫人——(掌声)——她就在附近。
今晚，我来到这里，不仅向这个宏伟大厅中在座的各位杰出人士发表讲话，而且向推选我们来到这里的男女民众进行坦率和直接的交谈。
我知道，对于现在正在收看转播的很多美国人来说，我国的经济现状令人担忧，压倒了所有其他的问题。
这一点千真万确。
如果你本人尚未受到这场衰退的影响，但在你认识的人中间，或许有人───朋友、邻居，或是家庭成员已受到波及。
你无须再了解一系列数字，就知道我们的经济陷入了危机，因为你每天都身临其境，使你日有所虑，夜不能寐。
你原以为能保持这份工作直到退休，现在却不幸失去了工作;你原希望通过创业编织梦想，现在自己的事业却危在旦夕;你的子女收到了大学录取通知，但不得已只能束之高阁。
这场衰退的影响已确凿无疑，无处不在。
尽管我国经济可能已被削弱，我们的信心可能已发生动摇;尽管我们正经历困难重重、前途不明的时期，但今晚，我希望每一个美国人知道：我们决心重建，我们必将复苏，美利坚合众国一定会获得新生，比以往更强盛。
(掌声)这场危机的重压不可能左右这个国家的命运。
解决我们的种种问题的答案并非遥不可及。
问题的答案就在我们的实验室和大学中;就在我们的田野上和工厂里;就蕴藏在我国创业者的想象力和地球上最勤劳的人民的豪情壮志之中。
这些品质使美国成为人类历史上进步与繁荣的最伟大的力量，我们依然充分拥有这些品质。
现在必须做的是，全国上下齐心协力，勇敢地迎接我们面临的各种挑战，再度为我们的未来承担责任。
(掌声)开诚布公地说，我们现在必须承认，长期以来，无论是作为一个国家的政府，或是作为一个国家的人民，我们未能做到时时刻刻履行这些职责。
我这么说并不是为了怪罪于谁，也不是为了追究过去，而是因为只有了解我们怎么会走到这个地步，我们才能摆脱这一困境。
我国文化建设和文化体制改革
三、财政投入长期不足
我国公共文化发展起点低、基础差、欠账多， 其中一个主要原因就是各种投入偏少。从财政投入 看，十余年间，全国文化事业费占国家财政支出总 额不超过0.5%。部分经济发达地区投入不足更多地 表现为相对投入不足，而广大中西部经济欠发达地 区甚至是部分东部发达地区则是绝对投入不足。财 政投入不足直接导致了文化基础建设匮乏，基层文 化单位缺乏正常运行的经费支持，公共文化服务功 能弱化，人民群众的基本文化权益难以得到保障。
9851 581
3242
近30年文化事业费占财政支出的比重情况（%）
近年来，文化事业费占国家财政总支出的比重，一直在0.4 以下,且不断降低。2010年，文化事业费占财政支出的0.38%。
四、转企改制阻力重重
虽然，自2003年以来，公益性文化单位的 改革不断深化，取得了明显的成效，但很多单位 尚未建立起确有约束力、有激励作用的内部管理 制度。用人机制不活、收入分配激励约束作用不 明显、社会保险尚未完全社会化等问题仍然广泛 存在，这在很大程度上束缚了人员的积极性主动 性，制约了公共文化服务效率和水平的提高。
2.75
2.8
——
3.08
部分国家文化产业与GDP的比重
美中两国文化发展主要数据比较
美国
人口（亿 ） 博物馆 图书馆 报纸 3 17500 16600 3223 1937
刊物 出版社
电视台、 电台
11000 37000
11200 （电台10000； 电视台1200）
深化文化体制改革的战略意义
中国作为发展中的经济大国，如果要想 成为经济强国，必须要有繁荣的文化，要 让世界了解中华文化，要有能够走出去的 文化企业和产品 。
任何国家想立于不败 之地，必须学会用两条腿 走路。如果文化软实力这 条腿不行，这个国家可能 不推自倒，不打自败。
2010中国翻译英汉翻译原文
参赛原文：英译汉原文Hidden Within Technology’s Empire, a Republic of LettersWhen I was a boy “discovering literature”, I used to think how wonderful it would be if every other person on the street were familiar with Proust and Joyce or T. E. Lawrence or Pasternak and Kafka. Later I learned how refract ory to high culture the democratic masses were. Lincoln as a young frontiersm an read Plutarch, Shakespeare and the Bible. But then he was Lincoln.Later when I was traveling in the Midwest by car, bus and train, I regula rly visited small-town libraries and found that readers in Keokuk, Iowa, or Ben ton Harbor, Mich., were checking out Proust and Joyce and even Svevo and A ndrei Biely. D. H. Lawrence was also a favorite. And sometimes I remembere d that God was willing to spare Sodom for the sake of 10 of the righteous. N ot that Keokuk was anything like wicked Sodom, or that Proust‟s Charlus wou ld have been tempted to settle in Benton Harbor, Mich. I seem to have had a persistent democratic desire to find evidences of high culture in the most unli kely places.For many decades now I have been a fiction writer, and from the first I was aware that mine was a questionable occupation. In the 1930‟s an elderly neighbor in Chicago told me that he wrote fiction for the p ulps. “The people on the block wonder why I don‟t go to a job, and I‟m seen puttering around,trimming the bushes or painting a fence instead of working in a factory. But I‟m a writer. I sell to Argosy and Doc Savage,” he said with a certain gloo m. “They wouldn‟t call that a trade.” Probably he noticed that I was a bookis h boy, likely to sympathize with him, and perhaps he was trying to warn me to avoid being unlike others. But it was too late for that.From the first, too, I had been warned that the novel was at the point of death, that like the walled city or the crossbow, it was a thing of the past. And no one likes to be at odds with history. Oswald Spengler, one of the mo st widely read authors of the early 30‟s, taught that our tired old civilization was very nearly finished. His advice to the young was to avoid literature and the arts and to embrace mechanization and become engineers.In refusing to be obsolete, you challenged and defied the evolutionist histo rians. I had great respect for Spengler in my youth, but even then I couldn‟t a ccept his conclusions, and (with respect and admiration) I mentally told him to get lost.Sixty years later, in a recent issue of The Wall Street Journa l, I come up on the old Spenglerian argument in a contemporary form. Terry Teachout, unli ke Spengler, does not dump paralyzing mountains of historical theory upon us, but there are signs that he has weighed, sifted and pondered the evidence.He speaks of our “atomized culture,” and his is a responsible, up-to-date and ca refully considered opinion. He speaks of “art forms as technologies.” He tells us that movies will soon be “downloadable”—that is, transferable from o ne computer to the memory of another device—and predicts that films will soo n be marketed like books. He predicts that the near-magical powers of technol ogy are bringing us to the threshold of a new age and concludes, “Once thishappens, my guess is that the independent movie will replace the novel as the principal vehicle for serious storytelling in the 21st century.”In support of this argument, Mr. Teachout cites the ominous drop in the volume of book sales and the great increase in movie attendance: “For Americ ans under the age of 30, film has replaced the novel as the dominant mode of artistic expression.” To this Mr. Teachout adds that popular novelists like To m Clancy and Stephen King “top out at around a million copies per book,” an d notes, “The final episode of NBC‟s …Cheers,‟ by contrast, was seen by 42 m illion people.”On majoritarian grounds, the m ovies win. “The power of novels to shape the national conversation has declined,” says Mr. Teachout. But I am not at al l certain that in their day “Moby-Dick” or “The Scarlet Letter” had any consid erable influence on “the national conversation.” In the mid-19th century it was “Uncle Tom‟s Cabin” that impressed the great public. “Moby-Dick” was a sm all-public novel.The literary masterpieces of the 20th century were for the most part the work of novelists who had no large public in mind. The novels of Proust and Joyce were written in a cultural twilight and were not intended to be read un der the blaze and dazzle of popularity.Mr. Teachout‟s article in The Journal follows the path generally taken by observers whose aim is to discover a trend. “According to one recent study 5 5 percent of Americans spend less than 30 minutes reading anything at all. . . . It may even be that movies have superseded novels not because Americans have grown dumber but because the novel is an obsolete artistic technology.”“We are not accustomed to thinking of art forms as technologies,” he say s, “but that is what they are, which means they have been rendered moribund by new technical developments.”Together with this emphasis on technics that attracts the scientific-minded young, there are other preferences discernible: It is better to do as a majority of your contemporaries are doing, better to be one of millions viewing a film than one of mere thousands reading a book. Moreover, the reader reads in soli tude, whereas the viewer belongs to a great majority; he has powers of numer osity as well as the powers of mechanization. Add to this the importance of a voiding technological obsolescence and the attraction of feeling that technics wi ll decide questions for us more dependably than the thinking of an individual, no matter how distinctive he may be.John Cheever told me long ago that it was his readers who kept him goi ng, people from every part of the country who had written to him. When he was at work, he was aware of these readers and correspondents in the woods beyond the lawn. “If I couldn‟t picture them, I‟d be sunk,” he said. And the n ovelist Wright Morris, urging me to get an electric typewriter, said that he sel dom turned his machine off. “When I‟m not writing, I listen to the electricit y,” he said. “It keeps me company. We have conversations.”I wonder how Mr. Teachout might square such idiosyncrasies with his “ar t forms as technologies.” Perhaps he would argue that these two writers had s omehow isolated themselves from “broa d-based cultural influence.” Mr. Teacho ut has at least one laudable purpose: He thinks that he sees a way to bring to gether the Great Public of the movies with the Small Public of the highbrows.He is, however, interested in millions: millions of dollars, millions of readers, millions of viewers.The one thing “everybody” does is go to the movies, Mr. Teachout says. How right he is.Back in the 20‟s children between the ages of 8 and 12 lined up on Satu rdays to buy their nickel tickets to see the crisis of last Saturday resolved. Th e heroine was untied in a matter of seconds just before the locomotive would have crushed her. Then came a new episode; and after that the newsreel and “Our Gang.” Finally there was a western with Tom Mix, or a Janet Gaynor pi cture about a young bride and her husband blissful in the attic, or Gloria Swa nson and Theda Bara or Wallace Beery or Adolphe Menjou or Marie Dressler. And of course there was Charlie Chaplin in “The Gold Rush,” and from “Th e Gold Rush” it was only one step to the stories of Jack London.There was no rivalry then between the viewer and the reader. Nobody sup ervised our reading. We were on our own. We civilized ourselves. We found or made a mental and imaginative life. Because we could read, we learned als o t o write. It did not confuse me to see “Treasure Island” in the movies and t hen read the book. There was no competition for our attention.One of the more attractive oddities of the United States is that our minori ties are so numerous, so huge. A minority of millions is not at all unusual. B ut there are in fact millions of literate Americans in a state of separation from others of their kind. They are, if you like, the readers of Cheever, a crowd o f them too large to be hidden in the woods. Departments of literature across t he country have not succeeded in alienating them from books, works old and new. My friend Keith Botsford and I felt strongly that if the woods were filled with readers gone astray, among those readers there were probably writers as well.To learn in detail of their existence you have only to publish a magazine like The Republic of Letters. Given encouragement, unknown writers, formerly without hope, materialize. One early reader wrote that our paper, “with its co ntents so fresh, person-to-person,” was “real, non-synthetic, undistracting.” Noti ng that there were no ads, she asked, “Is it possible, can it last?” and called i t “an antidote to the shrinking of the human being in every one of us.” And t oward the end of her letter our correspond ent added, “It behooves the elder ge neration to come up with reminders of who we used to be and need to be.”This is what Keith Botsford and I had hoped that our “tabloid for literate s” would be. And for two years it has been just that. We are a pair of u topia n codgers who feel we have a duty to literature. I hope we are not like those humane do-gooders who, when the horse was vanishing, still donated troughs in City Hall Square for thirsty nags.We have no way of guessing how many independent, self-initiated connois seurs and lovers of literature have survived in remote corners of the country. The little evidence we have suggests that they are glad to find us, they are gr ateful. They want more than they are getting. Ingenious technology has failed t o give them what they so badly need.汉译英原文蜗居在巷陌的寻常幸福隐逸的生活似乎在传统意识中一直被认为是幸福的至高境界。
2010年《政府工作报告》的文体学特征及英译
“ 把握好政策实施的力度 、 节奏和重点Байду номын сангаас。处理好保 持经济平 稳较快发展 、 调整好经济结构和管理好通胀预期的关 系。还要管
理 好 通胀 预 期 、 定 物 价 总水 平 ” 稳 。
Ｗ ｅ ｎ ｅ ｏ ｍａｎ ａ ｎ ｃ ｎ ｉ ｕｔ ｎ ｔ ｂｌ ｙ ｉ ｕ ｏｉｉ ｓ ｅ ｄ ｔ ｉ ｔｉ ｏ ｔ ｉ ａ ｄ ｓａ ｉ ｔ ｎ ｏ ｒ ｐ ｌ ｅ ． ｎ ｙ ｉ ｃ Ｗ ｅ ｎ ｅ ｏ ｓ ｉ ｆ ｌ ａ ｄ ｅ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｌ ｔ ｎ ｈ ｐ ｂ ｔ ｅ ｉｔ ｉ ｉｇ ｅ ｄ ｔ ｋ ｌ ｕ ｌ ｈ ｎ ｌ ｈ ｅ ａｉ ｓ ｉ ｅｗｅ ｎ ｍａｎ ａｎ ｎ ｌ ｙ ｏ ｓｅ ｄ ｎ ａ ｉ ｃ ｎ ｍｉ ｄ ｖ ｌ ｐ ｎ ，ｒ ｓｒ ｃｕ ｎ ｈ ｃ ｎ ｍｙ ｔａ ｙ ａ ｄ ｒ ｐｄ ｅ ｏ ｏ ｃ ｅ ｅ ｏ ｍｅ ｔ ｅ ｔｕ ｔ ｒ ｇ ｔ ｅ ｅ ｏ ｏ ｉ
治含义。
２２ 缩 略 词 汇 ．
准确是政 治翻译的基本要求 ，政府工作报 告》 《 事关 国家 大
事， 每一句话 、 每一个词都是经过字斟 句酌 、 反复修改后定稿 的， 均有准确定义 。其 中有不少有政治含义的词汇 ， 特别是涉及到方 针政策和国家 主权的 ， 必须吃透原文 ， 多从政治方 面进行 深入 解
译 时应 避免使用冗长 的语句 ， 能一一对应地 翻译 ， 不 也不能使用 华 丽的辞藻 ，尊严 ” “ 的本义始终 与秩序 、 等级 、 特权 、 禁忌等因素 相联 系。在不 同的历史时期 、 同的使用范 围和不 同的语境 中， 不 其含义也不尽相同。这里 ， 温总理意在强调使人 民的经济和生活
驻英大使2010欧洲孔子学院联席会开幕式致辞中英对照
驻英大使2010欧洲孔子学院联席会开幕式致辞中英对照第一篇：驻英大使2010欧洲孔子学院联席会开幕式致辞中英对照驻英大使2010欧洲孔子学院联席会开幕式致辞中英对照中国驻英国大使刘晓明在2010年欧洲孔子学院联席会开幕式上的致辞2010年9月6日，伦敦南岸大学孔子学院Speech by H.E.Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Joint Conference of European Confucius Institutes6.September 2010, London South Bank University尊敬的国家汉办主任许琳女士，尊敬的国务院参事、孔子学院总部高级顾问乔宗淮先生，马克·亨德里克议员，伦敦南岸大学校长马丁·艾尔维克先生，女士们、先生们：Mme Xu Lin, Director-General of Hanban,Mr Qiao Zonghuai, Counsellor of the State Council and Senior Consultant to the Confucius Institute Headquarters,Mr Mark Hendrick MP,Professor Martin Earwicker, Vice Chancellor of the London South Bank University,Ladies and Gentlemen,非常高兴今天应邀出席在伦敦南岸大学孔子学院召开的第二届欧洲孔子学院联席会议。
我代表中国驻英大使馆对会议的召开致以热烈的祝贺。
It is my great pleasure to join you at the Confucius Institute of London South Bank University for the Second Joint Conference of European Confucius Institutes.I wish to offer my warm 界各国对汉语学习的需求与日俱增。
18届三中全会中英对照
十八届三中全会公报要点(中英文版对照)中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第三次全体会议，于2013年11月9日至12日在北京举行。
全会听取和讨论了习近平受中央政治局委托作的工作报告，审议通过了《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》。
习近平就《决定（讨论稿）》向全会作了说明。
指导思想（guidance）：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导（to hold high the great banner of soci alism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping T heory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlo ok on Development）。
总目标（general objective）：完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化（to improve and develop socialism with Chinese c haracteristics and push on with modernization of the country's governing s ystem and capabilities）。
时间表（timetable）：到2020年，我国在重要领域和关键环节改革上取得决定性成果，形成系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度体系，使各方面制度更加成熟更加定型（Decisive results must be achieved in key sectors, and a well -developed, scientific, procedure-based and effective framework must be in place by 2020 to ensure institutions in all sectors be more mature）。
2011年温总理《政府工作报告》中英文对照(打印版)
2011年政府工作报告2011年3月5日温家宝REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENTDelivered at the Fourth Session of the EleventhNational People's Congress on March 5, 2011Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council各位代表，现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。
Fellow Deputies,On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) to submit comments and suggestions.一、“十一五”时期国民经济和社会发展的回顾I. Review of National Economic and Social Development During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period“十一五”时期是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。
面对国内外复杂形势和一系列重大风险挑战，中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民，全面推进改革开放和现代化建设，国家面貌发生了历史性变化。
The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period was a truly extraordinary time in the course of the country's development. In the face of complex domestic and international situations and a series of major risks and challenges, the Communist Party of China (CPC) united with and led the people of all the country's ethnic groups in comprehensively advancing reform, opening up and modernization, bringing about a historic change in China over the past five years.——这五年，我国社会生产力、综合国力显著提高。
中英文对照版__医改意见
Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Deepening theHealth Care System Reform中共中央国务院关于深化医药卫生体制改革的意见In the spirit of the 17th CPC National Congress, for the purpose of establishing a health care system with Chinese characteristics, of gradually realizing the goal that everyone is entitled to basic health care services, and of raising the health level of the Chinese people, we hereby put forward the following opinions on deepening the health care system reform.按照党的十七大精神，为建立中国特色医药卫生体制，逐步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标，提高全民健康水平，现就深化医药卫生体制改革提出如下意见。
I. Fully recognizing the importance, urgency and arduousness of deepening the health care system reform一、充分认识深化医药卫生体制改革的重要性、紧迫性和艰巨性The health care sector is a major livelihood issue, as it is closely related to the health of billions of people and the happiness of every household. To deepen the health care system reform, quicken the development of health care sector, meet the people’s ever increasing health care demands, and continuously improve the people’s health is an inevitable requirement of implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development and accelerating economic and social development in a coordinated and sustainable manner, an important measure to maintain social fairness and justice and improve the quality of people’s life, and also a major task of building moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and constructing harmonious socialist society.医药卫生事业关系亿万人民的健康，关系千家万户的幸福，是重大民生问题。
我国文化体制改革重点难点ppt课件
■做大做强国有企业有所推进 ▪ 新闻报刊出版企业集团120多家，上市公司
46家 ▪ 演艺集团46家 ▪ 广播电影电视企业集团20多家，上市公司5
家 ■引入市场机制，改进了评选标准
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二、深化文化体制改革尚需破解难点
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（一）文化创造力匮乏问题没有明显改观 （二）转企改制阻力重重 （三）公益性文化事业单位缺乏活力问题突出
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（二）增强行政能力 ■选择内行领导(增加权威性) ■引入营利与非营利组织管理理念（解决 财力问题） ■试行行政法人制度（提高能力） ■引入“一臂之距”理念（提高能力） ■善用社会力量
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文化产品走出去
民间┼市场 民间┼送出去 政府┼卖出去 政府┼送出去
最优 次优 再次 最次
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（三）调整价值理念 1. 从搞活国有文化单位，到搞活公有制文化
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3.都市类报纸热心干预生活 4.电视媒体娱乐化 5. 提高党委、政府对舆论的控制力十分紧迫 加强网络管理 对娱乐性电视节目发布“限娱令” 强调对报刊社实行属地管理 强调媒体国有资产性质，严格准入
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《广电总局关于加强上星综合频道节目管理的意 见》
今年1月1日起，全国34个卫星频道，19:30-22:00的黄金 时段，每周126档的娱乐节目，将控制在9档。
8424
654
1:12.9
2009年 8
其一，目前我们能够提供的文化产品 和文化服务还远不能满足社会需要。
其二，我国加入世贸组织以后，我国
文化市场将进一步开放。我们的文化工作 在体制机制、思想观念和方法手段上还不 能适应时代条件变化的要求。
锦涛
————胡
9
（三）思路
两属性 两功能 两类型 一重点 四分开 三不变
2012年政府工作报告用语选登(中英对照)
择校pay to enroll one’s children in better schools统筹兼顾adopt a holistic approach三公经费spending on official overseas trips, official vehicles and official hospitality淘汰落后产能close down outdated production facilities倡导学术诚信advocate academic integrity大力实施素质教育energetically implement well-rounded education规范收入分配秩序ensure that income distribution is governed by proper standards深化人才体制改革deepen reform of the personnel management system适时适度预调微调carry timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments andfine-tuning基层医疗卫生机构community-level medical and health care institutions用好重要战略机遇期make the most of this important period of strategic opportunities文化是人类的精神家园Culture gives human beings a sense of belonging.全面提升开放型经济水平make comprehensive improvements to China’s open economy企业“走出去”步伐加快Chinese companies expanded overseas presence资源环境和人口承载能力the carrying capacity of China’s resources, environment and population推动多种所有制经济共同发展promote the common development of economic entities under diverse forms of ownership加强环境保护重点工作的意见the Guidelines on Strengthening Key Environmental Protection Tasks及时解决苗头性、倾向性问题promptly resolve emerging issues that signal unfavorable trends主权债务危机短期内难以缓解It will be hard to ease the sovereign debt crisis any time soon.实现了“十二五”时期良好开局got the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011-15) off to a good start政务诚信、商务诚信、社会诚信government, business and public integrity努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适度conduct prudent and flexible macro-control on a moderate scale and in a timely fashion为市场主体提供更多的汇率避险工具provide more tools for market participants to hedge foreign exchange risks优秀文化传承是一个民族生生不息的血脉Passing on fine culture is essential in maintaining the everlasting vitality of a nation对行政事业性收费和政府性基金进行清理investigate the collection and use of administrative fees and operations of government-managed funds人民的知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权peop le’s rights to stay informed about, participate in, express views on, and oversee government affairs, and corrupt practices in law enforcement建立社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制institute a mechanism to increase social aid and social security benefits when consumer prices rise走出一条生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路take a path of civilized development which ensures that production increases, people’s living standards rise, and we live in a good ecological environment努力形成知荣辱、讲正气、守诚信、作奉献、促和谐的良好风尚strive to create a social atmosphere that promotes morality, integrity, dedication and harmony全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设以及生态文明建设We will comprehensively advance socialist economic development, political, cultural and social progress, and raise ecological awareness.实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益是以人为本理念的具体体现Putting people first is about realizing, upholding, and promoting their fundamental interests.。
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文化体制改革基本情况 2010
General information on the reform of cultural system 今年以来，中央就深化文化体制改革和加强文化建设提出一系列新思想新观点新论断，特别是在7月23日中央政治局“深化我国文化体制改革研究”专题集体学习时，胡锦涛总书记发表重要讲话，充分肯定了党的十六大以来文化建设和文化体制改革取得的成绩，全面分析了文化建设面临的形势，深刻阐述了深化文化体制改革的重大意义，进一步明确了深入推进文化体制改革必须坚持的指导思想，提出了必须抓紧抓好的重点工作。各地区各部门认真贯彻中央决策部署，积极推进文化体制改革，大力发展文化事业和文化产业，开创了中国特色社会主义文化建设新局面。
In 2010, the central authorities have put forward a series of new thoughts, views and theses on deepening the reform of cultural system and strengthening the building of culture. In particular, Hu Jintao, the general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), delivered an important speech on July 23 at CPC Central Committee's group study on "Deepening the Research on the Reform of China's Cultural System." He fully affirmed the achievements in the building of culture and the reform of cultural system since the 16th National Congress of the CPC, fully analyzed the situations faced by the building of culture, deeply expounded the significance of the deepening of the reform of cultural system, further defined the guiding theory that should be followed in the deepening of the reform of cultural system, and brought forth key tasks that need attention and efforts. Every region and department has implemented the decisions and plans of the central authorities in earnest, actively advanced the reform of cultural system, vigorously developed cultural causes and industry, and opened a new focus toward building a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics.
改革开放以来，宣传文化领域适应社会主义市场经济发展要求，积极开展体制机制改革的探索。党的十六大深刻分析国内外形势的变化和特点，作出了深化文化体制改革的战略部署。党的十七大从兴起社会主义文化建设新高潮、推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣的战略高度，对进一步深化改革提出了新的要求。文化体制改革按照区别对待、分类指导、循序渐进、逐步推开的方针，紧紧围绕重塑市场主体、完善市场体系、改善宏观管理、转变政府职能4个关键环节，积极推进体制机制创新，逐步建立和完善社会主义市场经济条件下加快文化发展的体制机制，营造有利于出精品、出人才、出效益的良好环境，主要经历了三个发展阶段： Since the launch of reform and opening up, to adapt to the needs of the development of a socialist market economy, the publicity and culture sectors have actively explored the reform of system and mechanism. The 16th National Congress of the CPC profoundly analyzed the changes and features of the situations in China and abroad and made the strategic decision to deepen the reform of cultural system. The 17th National Congress of the CPC, from the perspective of creating a new upsurge in the building of socialist culture and facilitating great development and prosperity of socialist culture, put forward new requirements for the deepening of reform. The reform of cultural system has, under the guidelines of differential treatment, categorized guidance, gradual advance and popularizing, closely centering on the four key points of reshaping market players, optimizing market systems, improving macro-management and transforming administrative functions, actively promoted system innovations, gradually established and optimized the system and mechanism to speed up the development of culture in the socialist market economy and build an environment that leads to the emergence of excellent works, talents and profit. It has witnessed three phrases:
一是“开展试点、积极探索”阶段，从2003年6月到2005年12月。中央召开文化体制改革试点工作会议，确定北京等9个文化体制改革综合性试点地区和35个试点单位开展试点工作。
Phrase 1: "pilot reform and active exploration" (June 2003-December 2005): the central authorities held the meeting on the work of pilot reform of cultural system, finalizing nine regions, which include Beijing for the comprehensive pilot reform of cultural system. An additional 35 units were also selected for the pilot reform.
二是“扩大试点、由点到面”阶段，从2005年12月到2009年8月。明确了深化改革的指导思想、方针原则、总体目标和主要任务，要求北京等综合性试点地区率先将改革全面推开；除新疆、西藏以外的其他省区市，都要确定本地的改革试点地区和单位，并将改革在本省区市逐步推开。
Phrase 2: "expansion of pilot reform" (December 2005-August 2009): the guiding theory, guidelines and principles, overall objectives and main tasks for the deepening of the reform were defined; Beijing and other pilot regions were asked to first carry out the reform in a thorough manner; all other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities except Tibet and Xinjiang should finalize their areas and units for the pilot reform and gradually spread the reform in areas under their jurisdiction.
三是“加快推进、全面展开”阶段，从2009年8月至今。全面推开出版、发行、电影、文化市场管理等领域改革，2012年以前基本完成中央已确定的文化体制改革各项任务。
Phase 3: "accelerating the advance and fully expanding" (August 2009-present): the reform in sectors including publishing, distribution, film and culture-market administration have been carried out in a thorough manner and all tasks of the reform of cultural system decided by the central authorities must be finished by 2012.