研究生英语考试真题

PartI Vocabulary and Structure (30%) （下面60题中选20题，一模一样的,10题课外） 1. The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to ____B_ground and air attacks. A) launch B) withstand C) contest D) contend 2. I’m pleased to hear of your job offer—all that hard work at school has obviously ____A_____. A) paid off B) taken its toll C) made a difference D) shown up 3. The talks might ___B___for weeks before any concrete result is announced. A) press on B) drag on C) get bogged D) hold out 4. We need someone really ____D____who can organize the office and make it run smoothly. A) crucial B) realistic C) essential D) efficient 5. Once Mrs. Kirkpatrick _____B____you in conversation, you’re stuck with her for at least half an hour. A) submerges B) engages C) occupies D) launches 6. Their refusal to compromise is a major ____A___that stands in the way of further peace talks. A) obstacle B) complication C) entity D) hazard 7. However, the new law, once passed, will ___B_____the Bridlington agreement illegal by giving workers the right to join unions of their choice. A) convert B) render C) cancel D) eliminate 8. I will hold you personally ____D___if anything goes wrong in this project. A) destructive B) lucrative C) diverse D) responsible 9. Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline, Jason is ____A_____from the list for promotion. A) eliminated B) retreated C) pried D) wrenched 10. The intelligence department was accused of failure to ____D____the troops to the possibility of an enemy attack during the weekend. A) instruct B) warn C) dictate D) alert 11. Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, our project is financially____B_____. A) constructive B) feasible C) favorable D) stiff 12. Under normal circumstances the body can ___A____these naturally occurring substances into vitamins. A) convert B) render C) derive D) originate 13. This course focuses on the _____C___-of economic analysis to the problems of inflation ,unemployment ,the balance of payments and enterprise behavior. A) conception B) combination C) application D) introduction 14. You can ___B____the video camera on a tripod(三脚架), so that you don’t have to worry about holding it steady while you ask questions. A) withstand B) mount C) implement D) dwell 15. The camps are not usually tent—type camps. They are mostly long—established, ____A___ structures, often with strange Indian names. A) permanent B) historical C) monotonous D) raw 16. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and ___B___ increase its market power. A) therefore B) thereby C) hence D) further 17. __A_____students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production. A) Prospective B) Responsible C) Ethnic D) Realistic 18. Our postgraduate students are fully integrated into the departmental research ___B____and, in addition, participate in the Postgraduate Education Programme. A) cooperation B) endeavor C) administration D) network 19. As a reporter, I was paid to__A____ into other people’s lives. A) pry B) convert C) blurt D) carve 20. The ball was ___A__out of his grasp by a player on the other team. A) wrenched B) contested C) interrupted D) sucked 21. As he walked out of the court, he was ___B___with frustration and rage. A) applauding B) quivering C) paralyzing D) limping 22. AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened America’s ___C____process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases. A) efficient B) stagnant C) intricate D) appropriate 23. Some of the tunnels in the cliff are natural, some were ___A___out. A) carved B) pried C) penetrated D) decorated 24. The doctor __B___Billy’s operation with x—rays and special exercises to make him stronger. A) went after B) followed up C) started up D) took on 25. People from different cultures have different ___D_____of the world. A) impressions B) complications C) foundations D) conceptions 26. Don’t let his criticism ___A___you; he belongs to the kind of people who take delight in finding fault with other’s work. A) discourage B) concern C) dictate D) paralyze 27. The survey found 80 percent of viewers were ___C____by the violent scenes in the film. A) eliminated B) alerted C) offended D) discouraged 28. The mayor promised to trim the city budget without cutting ___A____services. A) essential B) appropriate C) equivalent D) lucrative 29. In today’s working world the roles of men and women are becoming __D____. A) dwarfed B) incorporated C) correlated D) blurred 30. This disease ____B__in African but has now spread to many parts of the world. A) derived B) originated C) sparkled D) dwelled 1. “Have you any __D____plans for your future now that you’ve completed your graduate studies?” A) committing B) conducting C) executing D) performing 2. Anyone caught ___A___an offense will be punished. A) committing B) conducting C) executing D) performing 3. There is scientific evidence to support our __B____that being surrounded by plants is good for health. A) perception B) instinct C) conception D) implication 4. The Israeli troops ____C___by launching a bombing attack on Palestinian—controlled areas. A) had a crack B) took a toll C) took revenge D) followed up 5. He should ___B___what he’s good at, and not switch to something he knows nothing about. A) take on B) stick to C) go after D) live on 6. To be __A____with you, I think you’re making a dreadful mistake by refusing to

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贵州省委党校研究生考试真题英语

贵州省委党校研究生考试真题英语全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Unfortunately, I am unable to provide you with specific examination questions from the official exam for the Graduate Students at Guizhou Provincial Party School. However, I can offer you some guidance on what to expect and how to prepare for the exam.The Graduate Students exam at Guizhou Provincial Party School typically covers a wide range of topics including politics, ideology, economics, and current affairs. The exam is designed to test your understanding of key concepts and your ability to analyze and critically evaluate information.To prepare for the exam, it is important to review your course materials and notes thoroughly. Make sure you understand the key theories and concepts that have been covered in your classes. It is also a good idea to practice writing essays and answering questions in English to improve your language skills and ability to communicate effectively.On the day of the exam, make sure you arrive early and come prepared with all the necessary materials such as pens, pencils, and calculators if allowed. Read the instructions carefully and manage your time effectively to ensure you have enough time to complete all the questions.Remember to stay calm and focused during the exam and do your best to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of the material. Good luck with your exam preparation and remember to stay confident and believe in yourself!篇2Title: Guizhou Provincial Party School Graduate Entrance Examination English TestIntroductionThe Guizhou Provincial Party School is a prestigious institution in China that offers various programs for party officials and cadres. One of the key programs is the graduate program, which requires applicants to pass a series of examinations, including an English test. In this article, we will discuss the requirements and format of the Guizhou Provincial Party School graduate entrance examination English test.RequirementsThe English test for the graduate entrance examination at the Guizhou Provincial Party School is designed to assess the applicants' English proficiency levels. The test covers various aspects of English language skills, including reading comprehension, listening comprehension, writing, and speaking. The overall goal of the test is to ensure that the applicants have the necessary English proficiency to succeed in the graduate program.FormatThe English test at the Guizhou Provincial Party School graduate entrance examination consists of several sections, each designed to test a specific aspect of the applicants' English language skills.1. Reading Comprehension: This section tests the applicants' ability to understand and analyze written texts. Applicants are required to read a series of passages and answer questions based on the information presented in the texts.2. Listening Comprehension: This section tests the applicants' ability to understand spoken English. Applicants are required to listen to a series of audio recordings and answer questions based on the information presented in the recordings.3. Writing: This section tests the applicants' ability to write in English. Applicants are required to write essays or reports on various topics.4. Speaking: This section tests the applicants' ability to speak in English. Applicants are required to participate in a speaking test where they will be asked to discuss various topics and respond to questions.PreparationTo prepare for the English test at the Guizhou Provincial Party School graduate entrance examination, applicants are encouraged to practice their English language skills regularly. They can improve their reading and listening comprehension by reading English newspapers, books, and listening to English podcasts and movies. To improve their writing and speaking skills, applicants can practice writing essays, reports, and speaking in English with a tutor or language partner.ConclusionThe English test at the Guizhou Provincial Party School graduate entrance examination is an important component of the application process. Applicants who wish to succeed in the graduate program must demonstrate a high level of Englishproficiency to perform well on the test. By preparing effectively and practicing their English language skills regularly, applicants can increase their chances of passing the English test and gaining admission to the prestigious Guizhou Provincial Party School graduate program.篇3Unfortunately, I cannot provide you with the specific exam questions from the Graduate Entrance Examination of the Party School of the Guizhou Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. However, I can provide you with some general information about what to expect on the exam.The entrance exam for graduate students at the Party School typically includes sections on English language proficiency, Chinese language proficiency, political theory, and current affairs. The English section of the exam usually consists ofmultiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essays that test your reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills.To prepare for the English section of the exam, you should focus on improving your vocabulary, grammar, and comprehension skills. You should also practice writing essays on a variety of topics, as this will be an important part of the exam.In addition to studying English, it is also important to review key concepts in Chinese political theory and current affairs. You should be familiar with the history and principles of the Chinese Communist Party, as well as recent developments in Chinese politics and society.Overall, the key to success on the exam is thorough preparation. Make sure to study consistently, practice your English skills regularly, and review important political theory and current affairs topics. Good luck on your exam!。

硕士研究生英语学位-31_真题-无答案

硕士研究生英语学位-31(总分93,考试时间90分钟)PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A【点此下载音频文件】1. A. He feels quite satisfied with Jenny. B. He would rather continue his work. C. He suggests stopping today's work. D. He thinks Jenny lazy and inefficient.2. A. The trip was boring. B. The trip was exciting. C. He was homesick. D. He felt quite lonely.3. A. He is running out of gas. B. He feels very hungry. C. There is something wrong with his car. D. He doesn't feel well himself.4. A. She never listens to any doctor. B. She doesn't eat candy anymore. C. She often gives candy to the doctor. D. She is still eating candy.5. A. He is going to win the match. B. He is going to give up. C. He is going to take chance. D. He is going to beat his rival first.【点此下载音频文件】6. A. To brush up her English at home. B. To be praised by her peers. C. To become her teacher's favorite student. D. To care more for other subjects.7. A. Have a picnic. B. Play with her pets. C. See a movie. D. Stay at home.8. A. It's a piece of cake. B. She has no idea. C. She already knows the answer. D. It's beyond her expectation.9. A. Write a short mail to him. B. Chat with him online. C. Telephone him. D. Text him soon.10. A. The poster looks better without the frame. B. The poster is not worth the money. C. Theposter costs very little. D. The poster is very eye-catching.Section B【点此下载音频文件】1. What did the **ment the past when he heard his **plain about their bad memories?A. They needn't have repeated earlier materials. B. They have bad habits rather than bad memories. C. They should make continuous effort to train memory. D. They can improve their memory by working hard.2. What does the speaker suggest about language learning?A. We should adopt some methods of unconscious learning. B. Slow as it is, adopt some methods of unconscious learning. C. Our working memory can be improved by doing a lot of reading. D. It is necessary to learn consciously by trying word lists.3. Which word, according to the speaker, can describe the process of language use?A. Laborious B. Conscious. C. Appropriate. D. Effortless【点此下载音频文件】4. A. The United States has declared its independence. B. Lady Liberty is a gift from the people of France. C. The American people have shaken off oppression. D. The United States has broken off its relations with the UK.5. A. Lady Liberty. B. Liberty Lady. C. The Statue of Liberty. D. Liberty Enlightening the World.6. A. By bus. B. By boat. C. By Car. D. By subway.Section C【点此下载音频文件】1. A computer failure can destroy thousands of memories. You can avoid this by keeping your photos backed up ______ (3 words).2. You visit the Grand Canyon and take beautiful photos with a ______ (2 words).3. With the popular service Flickr, you may move the photos onto **puter, and then upload them to the web for ______ (2 words).4. You need to make sure that it's easy to find photos in the future. Along with adding titles, you can add ______ (3 words) that describe the photo.5. ..and two, they make photo sharing fun by ______ (3 words).PART Ⅱ VOCABULARYSection A1. Many people came to donate blood of their own accord. A. willingly B. for their own sake C. of their own D. without the help of others2. In spite of the efforts of those industrious farmers, the local economy is far from developed due to isolation.A. capable B. ingenious C. innovative D. hard-working3. In the wake of such findings, several states are rethinking their plan to open these camps.A. Based on B. Preceding C. Following D. Targeted at4. There is compelling evidence that pollution is responsible for many deadly diseases, such as cancer.A. convincing B. controversial C. consistent D. contradictory5. If a country turned inward and insulated itself, the result would be a diminished standard of living.A. worshiped B. split C. innovated D. isolated6. Some observers thought the war would be calamitous.A. marvelous B. tremendous C. hazardous D. disastrous7. The sales manager was so adamant about her idea that it was out of the question for any one to talk her out of it.A. adaptable B. anxious C. firm D. talkative8. He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.A. tenacity B. curiosity C. civility D. hostility9. The staggering sum of money invested in this project failed to yield the desired result.A. fluctuating B. increasing C. diminishing D. overwhelming10. Facebook's top executives are eligible for twice-a-year bonuses of up to 45 percent of their base salaries.A. optional B. qualified C. desirable D. casualSection B1. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a______. A. scarcity B. minority C. minimum D. shortage2. The risk of chemotherapy must therefore be carefully ______ the chances of spontaneous regression.A. conflicted with B. compared to C. reconciled with D. weighed against3. The police are ______ the suburbs for the missing car.A. seeking B. combing C. looking D. investigating4. We must take part in physical labor in order to ______ ourselves more closely with the working people.A. identify B. incorporate C. combine D. involve5. Doctors and researchers have to keep themselves ______ on the latest developments in their sphere of study.A. convinced B. isolated C. humiliated D. updated6. The construction of ______ and theories reflects the scientists' interpretation of what has been observed.A. prototypes B. hypotheses C. fantasies D. imaginations7. The child is ______ all the evidence for his opinion.A. not encourage either to be critical for his opinion. B. encouraged either to be critical nor to examine C. either encouraged to be critical or to examine D. neither encouraged to be critical nor to examine8. "No Tobacco Day" is the day when the world health organization______to people to stop using tobacco products. A. asks B. applies C. appeals D. urges9. I often wonder why some people won't do what it ______ to be successful.A. involves B. means C. takes D. likes10. To achieve sustainable development, the ______ of resources is assuming new importance.A. conservation B. reservation C. exhaustion D. devastationPART Ⅲ CLOZEEvery year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to 1 even from the high educational institutions.In the U.S., according to a 2005 survey by the College Board, 2 at state universities rose by an average of 7.1 percent annually, after a year when inflation grew much less. At private schools it was up 5.9 percent. The survey which 3 more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide dear reasons for the continued increases. It did say that the price of goods and services at universities have risen rapidly. Some of the fastest growth has been in employee health 4 , and professional salaries.Living expenses on campus have also 5 . At the university of Southern California student dining hall, a buffet (自助餐) meal cost $5.50 in 2004. But now it's $9. The U.S. government often provides 6 assistance to students' lunch in primary and high schools, but these favorable policies usually don't 7 universities. Some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants 8 campus.To compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses, the federal and state governments 9 universities and private sources have provided 10 for students. Ofall the full time undergraduates about 62 percent have a grant covering 30-50 percent of their tuition, according to the College Board.1. A. stay away B. stand out C. step down D. set off2. A. fares B. payment C. charges D. tuition3. A. attended B. covered C. included D. composed4. A. welfares B. advantages C. benefits D. goods5. A. rolled up B. gone up C. sat up D. taken up6. A. management B. economic C. policy D. financial7. A. apply to B. suit for C. adjust to D. gear for8. A. in B. to C. off D. over9. A. as well as B. the same as C. as far as D. such as10. A. grasps B. grains C. grounds D. grantsPART Ⅳ READING COMPREHENSIONWhen you leave a job with a traditional pension, don't assume you've lost the chance to collect it. You're entitled to whatever benefit you've earned — and you might even be entitled to take it now. "A lot of people forget they have it, or they think that by waiting until they're 65, they'll have a bigger benefit," says Wayne Bogosian, president of the PFE Group, which provides corporate pre-retirement education.Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is worth. If it's less than $5,000, or if **pany offers a lump-sum payout, it will generally close your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $5,000 invested over 20 years at eight percent interest is $23,000. If your pension is worth more than $5,000, or **pany doesn't offer the lump-sum option, find out how much money you're eligible for at the plan's normal retirement age, the earlier age at which you can collect the pension, the more severe penalty for collecting it early. You'll probably **e out ahead by taking the money now and investing it.What if you left a job years ago, and you're realizing you may have unwittingly left behind a pension? Get help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. It has an online search tool that has helped locate $47 million in lost benefits for more than 12,000 workers.If you have a traditional pension, retiring early costs more than you might expect. Most people assume you take a proportional cut for leaving before your plan's normal retirement age. For example, you might think that if you need to accrue 30 years of service and you leave three years early, you'd get a pension 90 percent of the full amount.But that's not how- it works. Instead, you take an actuarial reduction, determined by the employer but often around five percent a year, for each year you leave early. So retiring three years early could leave you with only 85 percent of the total amount.When you retire early with a defined-contribution plan, the problem is you start spending investments on which you could be earning interest. If you retire when you're 55, for example, and start using the traditional pension then, by age 65 you'll have only about half of what you would've had if you'd kept working until 65.1. When one leaves a job with a traditional pension, ______.A. he tends to forget that he has the pension B. he has no right to ask for the pension C. he'll have a bigger benefit than if he waits until the age of 65 D. he has a specified worth of pension2. If the retiree's pension is less than $5,000, it is wise of him to ______.A. ask **pany for a lump-sum payout B. require his former boss to figure out the value of his pension C. take the pension with him and make a profit out of it D. collect the pension at his retirement plan's normal retirement age3. If one leaves early before his plan's normal retirement age ______.A. he'll take 90 percent of the total amount of his pension B. he'll have half of his pension payments C. he'll have his pension payment reduced by 5% a year D. he'll have only 85 percent of his full pension4. If one retires early with a defined-contribution plan, he is expected to ______.A. earn less interest B. be better off than with a traditional pension C. start investment immediately D. get less Social Security benefits5. Which of the following can be used as the subtitle for the last three paragraphs?A. Your Payout Is Not Guaranteed B. The Retirement Dilemma C. Leave Early, Lose Big D. Take the Pension with You6. Which of the following is NOT true?A. If one leaves 3 years early on a 30-year-service basis, he won't get a pension worth 27/30ths. B. It pays to get an early retirement if one understands how retirement pension plan works. C. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation helps the retiree to recover lost benefits. D. If one keeps his expenses within his retirement framework, he won't be severely affected.The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-day's flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example.Chile, therefore, has to fight hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers that it is **ing halfway round the world to visit. But it is succeeding, not only in existing markets like the U.S.A and Western Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile **e from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher.Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency,although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners.More than 150,000 people are directly involved in Chile's tourist sector, an industry which earns the country more than U.S. $950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of **panies, is currently running a world-wide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to Chile.Chile's great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5,000 km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar are generally clean and unspoilt and have a high standard of services.But the trump card is the Andes mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hour's drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south are home to rare animals and plant species. The parks already attract specialist visitors, including mountaineers, **e to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the region's rivers.However, infrastructure development in these areas is limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts as their European counterparts and the poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks.Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. While Chile's two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the United States and Europe, while services to Asia are almost non-existent.Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chile's Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets.But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and environmental groups, including Green peace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico and European resorts.The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiago's territorial claim over part of Antarctica.The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism to these areas. But there are **mercial pressures to exploit the country's tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chile's natural riches.7. Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by ______.A. geographical location B. guerrilla warfare C. political instability D. street crime8. Many of Chile's tourists used to come from EXCEPT ______.A. U.S.Ａ. B. the Far East C.Western Europe D. her neighbors9. According to the author, Chile's greatest attraction is ______.A. the unspoilt beaches B. the dry and hot desert C. the famous mountain range D. the high standard of services10. Accordingto the passage, in which area improvement is already under way?A. Facilities in the ski resorts. B. Domestic transport system. C. Air services to Asia. D. Road network in the south.11. The objection to the development of Chile's tourism might be all EXCEPT that it ______.A. is ambitious and unrealistic. B. is politically sensitive. C. will bring harm to culture. D. will cause pollution in the area.Passage FourTo claim supernatural powers and then be caught in dirty acts—sexually abusing children or, even worse, protecting the abusers—is not only a moral problem. It is a near fatal professional error. I wonder if the hierarchy knows how gravely the Roman Catholic Church, especially the American church, has been wounded. There's huge internal bleeding, a hemorrhage of credibility —yet, in the face of all that, a changing official attitude mixing pain and evasion. At least priest Jimmy Swaggart had the good grace to cry on television and beat his breast and otherwise oblige the audience with the acting of regret. Last week the Pilot, the newspaper of the archdiocese of Boston, did ask several questions that it admitted are "out there in the minds of Catholics"—an interesting phrase, by the way, that suggests some of the problems: A hierarchy that sees "the Catholic mind" as something "out there" and the defended priests as being "in here." Among the questions: 1) Should being alone continue to be "a normative condition for the diocesan priests"?2) If being alone were of their own choice, would there be fewer errors of this nature in the priests? My answers would be: 1) No. 2) Yes.There's no cure-all, as the Pilot said. Catholics have to think though strong arguments for and against being alone—and for and against the appointment of women as priests. But the current failure will be compounded if the debate becomes a merely technical discussion of difficulties and ignores the overall danger to the church. A Catholic Church that is losing so much ground around the world and has such difficulty in employing new priests cannot afford the critical, firm pride of centuries past. Allowing priests to marry, and appointing women, would do an important thing: begin to change the culture of the priests—a culture that needs very considerable changing. It would help clean the sometimes dirty atmosphere of the religion.Sexual crimes against the most innocent lambs in the flock are a tragedy for the authority and moral structure of the church. Faith climbs on a vertical axis to God. The vertical is supported by a horizontal axis—trust, which is the everyday, stabilizing living church. If trust dissolves into doubt and dislike, if God's representatives on earth turn out to be, many of them, child abusers and protectors of child abusers, then who will ever see such men at their priestly work without suspicion and hating?12. What is the passage mainly about?A. The change of the culture of priests in the Catholic Church. B. The moral problem of the priests. C. The being alone in priests. D. The problem facing the Catholic Church and the possible solutions13. What does the author think the official attitude towards the problem facing the priests is?A. Facing up to the problem and eager to resolve it. B. Having taken measures decisively. C. Worrying about it, but trying not to fact it. D. No clear attitude at all.14. What would be the possible methods to fact the problem mentioned in the passage?A. To have the right attitude towards the problem. B. To clean the present atmosphere of the religion. C. To make being alone optional and ordain woman priest. D. To get rid of those priests **mit sexual crimes.15. At the time of the publication of this article, in the Catholic Church, being alone to diocesan priests is a (an) ______ condition.A. optional B. normative C. unnecessary D. ordinary16. If the church doesn't face the problem, what is NOT the possible result?A. There is much more difficulty in employing new priests. B. The church will lose its authority. C. The believer will loathe and suspect the priests very much. D. The church will be sent on court.President Bill Clinton is being squeezed on the issue of gays in the military. Gays demand that he lift the ban on them. But the generals and admirals say, please, spare us this massive migraine.If Clinton wants maximum effectiveness from the military, he'll try to squirm out of his political promise to end the ban. He can't soothe both sides on this issue. If he keeps his word, he'll anger the military and a large segment of America. If he breaks his promise, he'll anger gays and their Hollywood supporters, who gave him votes and money last year.Were I asked to cast a tie-breaking vote; it would be for the military. They know more about what it takes to win wars than Barbra. Streisand or the Gay and Lesbian Alliance.And if the Pentagon had done a better job of arguing its case, the vast majority of Americans would agree. Instead, gays have skillfully used the media to argue that the military ban is nothing more than discrimination. Those who disagree are called gay-bashers."We're caught in a propaganda war being waged by the media and gay lobbyists," Lt. Col. Robert Maginnis recently wrote," Most media members who advocate lifting the ban never served in the military. They don't understand the lack of privacy and forced intimacy in the barracks."He's right. Military life is unique. The civilian job closest to soldiering is being a cop. There are gay cops, and that's okay. But as a cop, you work your shift and go home. You don't live on a ship with another cop 24 hours a day. You don't shower and sleep near him for months at a time.And since we're talking about sex-specifically a form of sex that most Americans consider morally wrong-anybody who says that it won't affect morale and discipline in the military has never been in a barracks or on a crowded troopship.Yes, there are polls that tell us that more than 40 percent of Americans think the gay ban should be lifted. These polls are about as meaningful as those that say ten percent of Americans believe Elvis lives. A poll limited to those in the military and those who have served would show that an overwhelming majority would be against lifting the ban.They know that most who volunteer to serve in our military have conservative, middle-class, God-country-family values. It's conformist organization from haircut to stockings. And it placesless value on individual rights than on the unit as a whole. It has its own laws and justice system, which by civilian standards would be considered authoritarian. Maybe you don't want to live that way, but if we are going to fight wars, it works.If gays are accepted by the military, they will demand change. Some activists will probably push for a gay quota at West Point.There's nothing wrong with change if it has a positive purpose. This doesn't. We're not talking about patriotism, love of country, sacrifice. Gay obsessive-not to be confused with ordinary people who happen to be gay-have an agenda: total social acceptance. And they are using the military ban as a blue chip in their poker game.A gay Washington lawyer summed it up when he told the New York Times: "Any instruments that defer or delegate this issue to the military are inherently suspect."Hey, lawyer, this country's military has won many more battles than it has lost. When it comes to fighting, Gen. Colin Powell's views are less suspect than those of a Washington lawyer who hasn't spent one minute in combat. From ousting Saddam from Kuwait to helping Somalia, our military has been effective. As the saying goes, if it isn't broke, don't fix it.17. Generals and admirals______. A. suggested the ban on the gays in the military be lifted B. asked the ban on gays be kept C. found no gays in their troops D. asked the gays in the military quit out of the army18. The author holds that ban on gays in the military______. A. is discrimination B. is a gender discrimination C. is racial D. is not discrimination at all19. Military life is different from the cops in that______. A. soldiers are unmarried B. soldiers work their shifts and cops not C. soldiers have to live together all the time D. soldiers have to work 24 hours a day20. Gay obsessive purpose is______. A. to join the army B. to make the society totally accept them C. to get admission to West Point D. to use military ban as a blue chip in their poker game21. In the author's opinion, A. American military has been effective B. American military demands change C. American military is inherently suspect D. American military should be fixed22. The phrase of "if it isn't broke, don't fix it" in the last paragraph refers to______. A. telling someone to leave things as they are B. telling someone to be careful C. telling someone to stay calm and not to overreact D. encouraging someone who is hesitantPART Ⅴ TRANSLATION1. Put the following paragraph into Chinese.Human progress is greatly accelerated by the use of language in cultural transmission; the knowledge and experience acquired by a particular person can be passed on to another in language,so that no amount of demonstration can replace the role of language. In this connection the importance of the invention of printing can never be exaggerated. At the present time the achievements of anyone in any part of the world can be made available and accessible to anyone else able to read and capable of understanding what is involved. From these uses of language, spoken and written, the most developed **munication system, though given the courtesy title of language, is worlds away.2. Directions：Put the following paragraph into English．Write your English version in the proper space on Answer SheetⅡ．邓小平是伟大的改革家。

安徽师范大学研究生复试英语口语真题

安徽师范大学研究生复试英语口语真题考试时间：120分钟满分：100分姓名：____________班级：_____________学号：_____________1、The beautiful radio _______ me 30 dollars. [单选题] *A. spentB. paidC. cost(正确答案)D. took2、Be _______ when you are driving. [单选题] *A. afraidB. careful(正确答案)C. clearD. clean3、She _______ so much _______ her mother. [单选题] *A. looks; like(正确答案)B. looks; forC. looks; afterD. looks forwards; to4、71．How beautiful the shoes look! Can I________？[单选题] *A．try it onB．try on itC．try them on(正确答案)D．try on them5、30．It is known that ipad is _________ for the old to use. [单选题] *A．enough easyB．easy enough (正确答案)C．enough easilyD．easily enough6、Patrick bought her two handbags as gifts,but _____ of them was her style. [单选题] *A. eitherB. noneC. neither(正确答案)D. all7、Boys and girls, _______ up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp(夏令营)．[单选题] *A. puttingB. to putC. put(正确答案)D. puts8、Wang Dong usually gets up at 6:00 _______ he can catch the early school bus. [单选题] *A. as ifB. so that(正确答案)C. untilD. after9、_______ your help, I can’t finish my job. [单选题] *A. withB. without(正确答案)C. inD. into10、Though the _____ drama is wonderful, I guess most audiences will be tired as it is too long. [单选题] *A. four-hour(正确答案)B. four hoursC. four-hoursD. four-hour's11、95．-Dad, can we walk? ? ? ? ? ? ?the road now?-No,we? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . We have to wait until the light turns green. [单选题] *A．across, needn’tB．across, mustn’t(正确答案)C．though, can’tD．through, mustn't12、_____ the project, we'll have to work two more weeks. [单选题] *A. CompletingB. CompleteC. Having completedD.To complete(正确答案)13、I _______ play the game well. [单选题] *A. mustB. can(正确答案)C. wouldD. will14、--Is that the correct spelling?--I don’t know. You can _______ in a dictionary [单选题] *A. look up itB. look it forC. look it up(正确答案)D. look for it15、He spoke too fast, and we cannot follow him. [单选题] *A. 追赶B. 听懂(正确答案)C. 抓住D. 模仿16、It is important for us _______ English well. [单选题] *A. learnB. learningC. to learn(正确答案)D. learned17、During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ ameal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. [单选题] *A. shareB. to share(正确答案)C. having sharedD. shared18、She _______ love cats, but one attacked her and she doesn’t like them anymore. [单选题]*A. got used toB. was used toC. was used forD. used to(正确答案)19、In the closet（）a pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday. [单选题] *A. lyingB. lies(正确答案)c. lieD. is lain20、We _______ swim every day in summer when we were young. [单选题] *A. use toB. are used toC. were used toD. used to(正确答案)21、96．Let's cross the street from school. There is a park ______ the school. [单选题] *A．far fromB．next toC．atD．opposite(正确答案)22、He made ______ for an old person on the bus. [单选题] *A. room(正确答案)B. roomsC. a roomD. some rooms23、The Spring Festival is on the way.Many shops have _______ huge posters with the word sales. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put onC. put outD. put off24、I’ve _______ a job interview today. [单选题] *A. haveB. had(正确答案)C. hasD. have gone to25、_________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. [单选题] *A.AlthoughB.WhileC.If(正确答案)D.Until26、The reason I didn't attend the lecture was simply _____ I got a bad cold that day. [单选题] *A. becauseB. asC. that(正确答案)D. for27、—Excuse me, how long does it ______ to walk to the library? —About 15 minutes, I’m afraid.（）[单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. spendC. costD. pay28、—______ is it from your home to the bookstore?—About 15 kilometers.（）[单选题] *A. How far(正确答案)B. How muchC. How longD. How many29、It’s one of _______ means of transportation. [单选题] *A. cheapB. convenientC. second-handD. the most convenient(正确答案)30、65．There is a big sale on in the shop! Every-thing is ________ price. [单选题] *A．bigB．fullC．zeroD．half(正确答案)。

2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题真题(打印版)

2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark A,B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each textby choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually arequirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-beworkers do not get left behind.. We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demandwill change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.Research by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review, findsthat on average 42 per cent of the core skills " within job roles willchange by 2022. That is a very short timeline, so we can onlyimagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one Forindividual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workerswhose skills are no longer demand and replace them with thosewhose skills are.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given asthe gold standard of a company who decided to do a massivereskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy.ultimatelyretraining 18,000employees. Prepandemic,othercompanies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to createtheir own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economythough, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts inCanada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and havegiven us a situation where we frequently hear of employers beggingfor workers even at times and In regionswhere unemployment is high.With the pandemic, unemployment is veryhigh indeed. In February,at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively,unemployment rates inCanada and the United States were at generational lows and workershortages were everywhere.As of May, those rates had spiked up to13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortageshad disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take anobvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clearshortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnelOf course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter andtrain him to be a doctor in a few weeks, no matter who pays for it.Buteven if you cannot close that gap, maybe you can close others, anddoing so would be to the benefit of all concerned That seems to bethe case in Sweden, where the pandemickick-started a retrainingprogram where business as well as government had a role.Reskiling in this way would be challenging in a North Americancontext. You can easily imagine a chorus of"you cant do that,"because teachers or nurses or whoever have special skills, and usingany support staff who has been quickly trained is bound to end indisaster. Maybe. Or maybe it is something that can work 'ell inSweden,with its history of co-operation between business,labourand government, but not in North Americawhere our history is verydifferent. Then again, maybe it is akin to wartime, when extraordinarythings take place, but it is business as usualafter the fact.And yet, asin war the pandemic is teaching us that many things, including rapidreskilling, can be done if there is a will to do them. In any case,Swedens work force is now more skilled, in more things,and moreflexible than it was before.Of course, reskilling programs, whether for pandemic needs or thepostpandemic world,are expensive and at a time when everyonesbudgets are lean this may not be the time to implement them.Thenagain,extending income support programs to get us through thenext months is expensive, too, to say nothing of the cost of having aswath of long-term unemployed in thePOST-COVID years Given that,perhaps we should think hard about whether the pandemic canjump-start us to a place where reskilling becomes much more than abuzzword.B.PreDaacancies for the unemplovo teau.e1C. Retrain their cabin staff for better servicesD.finance their staff' s college educationText 2When Microsoft bought task managennent app Wunderlist andmobile calendar Sunrise in 2015, it pickecup two newcomers thatwere attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft' s ownOffice dominates the market for"productivity"software, but thestart-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from theground up for the smartphone world.Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it hadused their best features in its own productsTheir teams of engineersstayed on, making them two of the many" acqui-hires"that thebiggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for techtalent.To Microsoft’ s critics,the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise areexamples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up anyinnovative companies that lie in their path. " They bought theseedlings and closed them down,"complained Paul Arnold, a partnerat San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting paid to businessesthat might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined tccomment.Like other start-up investors,Mr Arnold ' s own business oftendepends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies,though headmits to mixed feelings about the result:"I think these things aregood for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for theAmerican economy? I don' t know.”The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answerto that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US techcompanies for information about their many smallacquisitions ovelthe past decade. Although only a research project at this stage, therequest has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stagetech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.Given their combined market value of more than $5.5tn,riflingthrough such small deals —many of them much less prominent thanwunderlist and Sunrise —might seem beside the point. Betweenthem,the five companies (Apple，Microsoft,Google，Amazon andFacebook) have spent an average of only $3.4bn a year on sub-$1bnacquisitions over the past five years a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than$130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.However, critics say that the big companies use such deals to buytheir most threatening potential competitcrs before their businesseshave a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a"buyand kill" tactic to simply close them down31. What is true about Wuderlist and sunrise after their acquisitionsA.Their market values declined.B. Their tech features improvedC. Their engineers were retainedD. Their products werere-priced.32. Microsoft's critics believe that the big tech companies tend toA. ignore public opinionsB.treat new tech talent unfairlyC.exaggerate their product qualityD.eliminate their potential competitors.33. Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions miahtA. harm the national economyB. worsen market competitionC. discourage start-up investorsD.weaken big tech companies.34. The US Federal Trade Commission intend toA. examine small acquisitionsB. limit Big Tech'’ s expansionC. supervise start-ups’operationsD.encourage research collaboration35. For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition haveA. brought little financial pressureB. raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD. generated considerable profitsText 4we're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions,thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to afive-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneousbut intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed"thin slicing,"the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watchsilent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly withstudents’ end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had tccount backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips,occupying their conratings were just asaccurate, demonstrie social processing.Critically, anotherninute writing downreasons for their Jjudgment,betore giving the rating. Accuracydropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focusedthem on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures orutterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signalsform a holistic impression. She found similar interference whenparticipants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judgedwhether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception andsexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition insteadof reflection.“It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall,a psychologist at Northeastern University,"and if you start thinkingabout it too much, you can' t remember what you’ re doing. But if yougo on automatic pilot, you' re fine. Much of our social life is like that."Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferencesCollege students' ratings of strawberry jams and college coursesaligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren'tasked to analyze their rationale. And peoplemadecar-buyingdecisions that were both objectively better and more personallysatisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details,but only if the decision was complex — when they had a lot o1information to process.Intuition ' s special powers are unleashed only in certaincircumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eighttasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules,comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition andcreativity (generating new products or figures of speech).Then theyrated the degree to which they had used intuition ( "gut feelings,""hunches,"“my heart”). Use of their gut hurt their performance onthe first four tasks,as expected, and helped them on the restSometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36. Nalini Ambabys study deals with_A. instructor student interactionB.the power of people's memoryC. the reliability of first impressionsD.People’s ability to influence others37. In Ambaby ' s study,rating accuracydropped whenparticipants_A. gave the rating in limited timeB. focused on specific detailsC. watched shorter video clipsD. discussed with on another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that_A. memory can be selectiveB.reflection can be distractingC. social skills must be cultivatedD. deception is difficult to detect39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to_A. follow your feelingsB. list your preferencesc. seek expert adviceD.collect enough data40.(缺)Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. FotQuestions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G tcfit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choiceswhich do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10 points)A. Stay calmB. Stay humbleC. Don’t make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE. Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG. Identify a shared goalHow to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than YouYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won' t work.Youlsenior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has morepower than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speakingup? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here' s how tcdisagree with someone more powerful than you.41.You may decide it' s best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, the wholediscussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense oiwhat the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contributeexperience or information to your thinking—all the things that wouldmake the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good ideato delay the conversation if you' re in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel lessthreatened.42.Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerfulperson cares aboutit may be "the credibility of their team orgetting a project done on time. You' re more likely to be heard if youcan connect your disagreement to a higher purpose.When you dospeak up, don' t assume the link will be clear. You’ ll want to state itovertly, contextualizing your statements so that you' re seen not as adisagreeable underling but as a colleague whos trying to advance ashared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess gamethan a boxing match.43.This step may sound overly deferential, but it' s a smart way to givethe powerful person psychological safety and control. You can saysomething like,“I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quartercommitment here.I have reasons to think that won' t work.T d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person achoice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And, assuming they say yes.it willmake, you feel more confidentabout voicing yourdisagreement.44._You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but dcwhatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions,When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety,itundercuts the message. Itsends a mixed message, and yourcounterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, ascan speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky wetend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking inan even tone helps the other person calm down and does the samefor you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't.45._Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth. Itmay be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it' s still anopinion, my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like, " If we set an end-of-quarterdeadline, we'll never make it,:" say,“This is just my opinion, but ldon't see how we will make that deadline." Having asserted yourposition(as a position，not as a fact) demonstrate equal curiosityabout other views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.Part CDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggestsource of connection, laughter and warmth . While that may well betrue, researchers have also recently found that interacting withstrangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belongingthat we didn't expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed Chicago- areacommuters using publictransportation to strike up a conversationwith someone near them. On average,participants who followed thisinstruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit insilence.The researchers also argued that when we shy away fromcasual interactions with strangers,It is often due to a misplacedanxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time,however, this belief is false . As it tums outmany people are actuallyperfectly wiling to talk- and may even beflattered to receive yourattention .Section m WritinPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are organising an online meeting. Write an email to Jackan international student.(1) invite him to participate,and(2) tell him the detailsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use " LiMing"instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on chart below. In your writing,you should(1) interpret the chart,and(2) give your commentsYou should write about 150words on theANSWERhave a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a"buyand kill" tactic to simply close them down31. What is true about Wuderlist and sunrise after their acquisitionsA.Their market values declined.B. Their tech features improvedC. Their engineers were retainedD. Their products werere-priced.32. Microsoft's critics believe that the big tech companies tend toA. ignore public opinionsB.treat new tech talent unfairlyC.exaggerate their product qualityD.eliminate their potential competitors.33. Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions miahtA. harm the national economyB. worsen market competitionC. discourage start-up investorsD.weaken big tech companies.34. The US Federal Trade Commission intend toA. examine small acquisitionsB. limit Big Tech'’ s expansionC. supervise start-ups’operationsD.encourage research collaboration35. For the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisition haveA. brought little financial pressureB. raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD. generated considerable profitsText 4we're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions,thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to afive-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneousbut intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed"thin slicing,"the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watchsilent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly withstudents’ end-of-semester ratings.Another set of participants had tccount backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips,occupying their conratings were just asaccurate, demonstrie social processing.Critically, anotherninute writing downreasons for their Jjudgment,betore giving the rating. Accuracydropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focusedthem on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures orutterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signalsform a holistic impression. She found similar interference whenparticipants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judgedwhether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception andsexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition insteadof reflection.“It' s as if you' re driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall,a psychologist at Northeastern University,"and if you start thinkingabout it too much, you can' t remember what you’ re doing. But if yougo on automatic pilot, you' re fine. Much of our social life is like that."Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferencesCollege students' ratings of strawberry jams and college coursesaligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren'tasked to analyze their rationale. And people madecar-buyingdecisions that were both objectively better and more personallysatisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details,but only if the decision was complex — when they had a lot o1information to process.Intuition ' s special powers are unleashed only in certaincircumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eighttasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules,comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition andcreativity (generating new products or figures of speech).Then theyrated the degree to which they had used intuition ( "gut feelings,""hunches,"“my heart”). Use of their gut hurt their performance onthe first four tasks,as expected, and helped them on the restSometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36. Nalini Ambabys study deals with_A. instructor student interactionB.the power of people's memoryC. the reliability of first impressionsD.People’s ability to influence others37. In Ambaby ' s study,rating accuracydropped whenparticipants_A. gave the rating in limited timeB. focused on specific detailsC. watched shorter video clipsD. discussed with on another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that_A. memory can be selectiveB.reflection can be distractingC. social skills must be cultivatedD. deception is difficult to detect39. When you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to_A. follow your feelingsB. list your preferencesc. seek expert adviceD.collect enough data40.(缺)Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. FotQuestions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G tcfit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choiceswhich do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10 points)A. Stay calmB. Stay humbleC. Don’t make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE. Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG. Identify a shared goalHow to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than YouYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won' t work.Youlsenior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has morepower than you do? How do you decide whether it’s worth speakingup? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here' s how tcdisagree with someone more powerful than you.41.You may decide it' s best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through, the wholediscussion was a surprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense oiwhat the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contributeexperience or information to your thinking—all the things that wouldmake the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good ideato delay the conversation if you' re in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel lessthreatened.42.Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerfulperson cares aboutit may be "the credibility of their team orgetting a project done on time. You' re more likely to be heard if youcan connect your disagreement to a higher purpose.When you dospeak up, don' t assume the link will be clear. You’ ll want to state itovertly, contextualizing your statements so that you' re seen not as adisagreeable underling but as a colleague whos trying to advance ashared goal. The discussion will then become more like a chess gamethan a boxing match.43.This step may sound overly deferential, but it' s a smart way to givethe powerful person psychological safety and control. You can saysomething like,“I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quartercommitment here.I have reasons to think that won' t work.T d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person achoice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And, assuming they say yes.it willmake, you feel more confidentabout voicing yourdisagreement.44._You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but dcwhatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions,When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety,itundercuts the message. Itsends a mixed message, and yourcounterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help, ascan speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky wetend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking inan even tone helps the other person calm down and does the samefor you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't.45._Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth. Itmay be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it' s still anopinion, my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like, " If we set an end-of-quarterdeadline, we'll never make it,:" say,“This is just my opinion, but ldon't see how we will make that deadline." Havingasserted yourposition(as a position，not as a fact) demonstrate equal curiosityabout other views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.Part CDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggestsource of connection, laughter and warmth . While that may well betrue, researchers have also recently found that interacting withstrangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belongingthat we didn't expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed Chicago- areacommuters using public transportation to strike up a conversationwith someone near them. On average,participants who followed thisinstruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit insilence.The researchers also argued that when we shy away fromcasual interactions with strangers,It is often due to a misplacedanxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time,however, this belief is false . As it tums outmany people are actuallyperfectly wiling to talk- and may even beflattered to receive yourattention .Section m WritinPart A51.Directions:Suppose you are organising an online meeting. Write an email to Jackan international student.(1)invite him to participate,and(2) tell him the detailsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use " LiMing"instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on chart below. In your writing,you should(1) interpret the chart,and (2)give your commentsYou should write about 150words on theANSWERSHEET.(15points)60.0%,50.0% ,4.0%s30.0N)23.9%20.ogsy,10.0gy .px.hep.0.0%。

研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案.doc

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A (1 point each)1. A. He fixed the tape recorder.B. Although old, he is still working.C. His love for music surprised the two speakers.D. He picked up the tape recorder from the garbage can.2. A. He can't imagine what his friends have got for him.B. He always knows what Mary will say.C. He is anxious to see Mary's reaction to the gift.D. He is too busy to wait.3. A. His car broke down.B. He is usually late.C. He never leaves his house before 9:00.D. He might be late because of the bad traffic.4. A. No, because the man will have guests.B. No, because the man has seen the movie.C. No, because the man will go out.D. No, because the man wants to see the movie alone.5. A. She will continue with her diet.B. She can't afford expensive food.C. She might die any day.D. She is overweight.6. A. He should be thinking about something more important.B. He has enough money for a car.C. He spends money like water.D. He can't afford a car.7. A. People have different tastes.B. Each of them owns a restaurant.C. The woman should tell him her own opinion.D. Many customers like the restaurant.8. A. She has already seen it.B. She enjoys the movie.C. She regrets missing the movie.D. She doesn't care for the movie.9. A. Setting the table.B. Polishing silver.C. Sewing napkins.D. Putting the food away.Section B ( 1 point each)Mini-talk One10. A. A residential college.B. A family house,C. A university,D. An office block.11. A. It is the same as the old Smith House.B. It has become smaller.C. It has become larger.D. It is the same as it was in the 1840s.12. A. Wing 2-3rd Floor - Room 4.B. West - 2nd Floor - Room 34.C. West Wing 2 - 3rd Floor - Room 4.D. West Wing - 2nd Floor - Room 34.Mini-talk Two13. A. Smoking rooms.B. A gymnasium.C. Assembly roomsD. Dining rooms.14. A. April 10, 1912.B. April 11. 1912.C. April 13, 1912.D. April 14, 1912.15. A. There were not enough lifeboats.B. The water was cold.C. There was too much panic.D. People were disorganized.Section C ( 1 point each)The Film-making Process: Six steps16. Step 1: ____________________________17. Step 2:____________________________18. Step 3:____________________________19. Step 4:____________________________20. Step 5:____________________________Step 6: Composing the musicPART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive for path-breaking innovation will eventually dry up.A. investmentB. resourceC. inspirationD. stimulus22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despite the appalling working conditions.A. bewilderingB. exasperatingC. dismayingD. upsetting23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting and photography.A. all at onceB. by and byC. to some extentD. on the whole24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about the consequences.A. optimisticB. anxiousC. uncertainD. scared25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes.A. enhancedB. revisedC. alternatedD. modified26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.A. arisen fromB. contributed toC. patched upD. participated in27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurors prevailed.A. resignedB. compromisedC. persistedD. dominated28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural.A. inclinedB. struggledC. arguedD. competed29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.A. on occasionB. at presentC. by nowD. for sure30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifying victims' families.A. brieflyB. quicklyC. accuratelyD. earnestlySection B (0.5 point each)31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life.A. composeB. imposeC. exposeD. pose33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests.A. energeticB. vigorousC. rigorousD. grave34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________.A. presentationB. instructionC. convictionD. obligation35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along with each other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible36. As __________ China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ________ better thinkers than heavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn up38. Strangely enough, an old man ______ me and introduced himself, who turned out to be a friend of my father’s.A. stood up toB. walked up toC. lived up toD. added up to39. Many children often _____ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humans cannot.A. assumeB. anticipateC. assureD. wonder40. The FDA was created to _______ the safety of products, review applications and grant approvals.A. manipulateB. adjustC. regulateD. managePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorter co-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study. "Height 41 career success," says Timothy Judge, a University of Florida professor of management, who led the study. "These findings are troubling since, with a few 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height is something essential required for job 43 ," Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followed thousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work and personal lives. "If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, we're talking about literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall person enjoys," Judge said.Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance--a supervisor's 46 of how effective someone is-- and 47 measures of performance--such as sales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Other people may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving them an edge in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary 49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making "fight or run" decisions.41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for42. A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment44. A. on B. with C. over D. to45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. loss D. necessity46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D. initiative48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations50. A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAt the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his class notes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmate turned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographed test questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them toclassmates. The university put in place a new examination-supervision system. "If they'd spend as much time studying, they'd all be A students," says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College of Sciences of UNLV.With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. And college officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fight would-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams be taken with pens and paper."It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad," said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who just finished his third year at Pepperdine University in California. He had to take his exams on paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism (剽窃) in writing papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other people's writings off the Internet without attributing them.Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of the mindset, not the tools at hand. "Some people put too much emphasis on where they're going to go in the future, and all they're thinking about is graduate school and the next step," said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure to succeed "sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldn't do."Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat, posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said that they rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teach students not to cheat in the first place.51. One student at UCLA was found cheating ________________.A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail deviceB. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmatesC. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision systemD. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _____________.A. should be severely punished for their dishonestyB. didn't have much time to study before the examC. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enoughD. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to______________.A. use many high-tech devicesB. cut off Internet access on campusC. turn to the oral exanimation formsD. cut off the use of high-tech devices54. According to Ryan Dapremont, ______________.A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheatingB. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writingC. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinationsD. it was more difficult for him to lift other people's writings off the Internet55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating?A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.B. Letting students know that honesty is more important.C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.56. The best title of the passage might be_____________.A. Cheating Has Gone High-techB. Game of Cat and MouseC. A New Examination-supervision SystemD. Measures to Fight Against DishonestyPassage TwoTop marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs with huge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms and legs. So, does your physical shape--and the way your body works--fit you for a particular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport?"It's about 55:45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinical physiology at Britain's University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the case of identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other a powerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins."Someone who's 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketball player. Still, being over two meters tall won't automatically push you to Olympic gold. "Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment, medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor of sports science at Britain's Brunel University.Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath's sports development department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique. "In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, so technique is vital."Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeen years ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program, which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One of their first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never picked up an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensive training, she won gold in women's rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of genetic knowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but also for "performance genes."57. It can be concluded from the passage that__________.A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons' successB. training conditions are more important for sportspersons' successC. genes are more important for sportspersons' successD. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons' success58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_________.A. environment can help determine people's body shapeB. genes are the decisive factors for people's body shapeC. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sportsD. identical twins may have different genes for different sports59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for a sportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal?A. The physical strength.B. The right training conditions.C. The talent for the sports.D. The endurance for pains.60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because____________.A. she had the talent for rowingB. her body shape was right for a rowerC. she had the performance genesD. she was a skillful rower61. The word "elite" in Paragraph 5 means ________ .A. the most wealthyB. the most skilledC. the most industriousD. the most intelligent62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess___________.A. the best body shapes and an iron purposeB. the extremes of the right physique and strong willsC. the right psychological conditions and sports talentsD. the right physique and genes for sportsPassage ThreeFor years, a network of citizens' groups and scientific bodies has been claiming that science of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?Exxon's involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the world's most profitable corporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any other company from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobil needs to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change. But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that which maintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So what's its strategy?The website , using data found in the company's official documents, lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely with those that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that the science is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, and if governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering the global economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled "junk science". The findings they welcome are labeled "sound science".This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On the whole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such as the discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They will continue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, John Christy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figures were incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by many of these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of the climate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. By dominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years in which urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seeding doubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justified the money their sponsors have spent on them many times over.63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish their position on climate change'?A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "bogus' (in Paragraph 4)?A. Reasonable.B. Fake.C. Limitless.D. Inconsistent.65. John Christy is mentioned to show_______________.A. how closely these organizations work with scientistsB. how these organizations select scientific findings for their own purposeC. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveriesD. how one man's mistake may set back the progress of science66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon ___________.A. have lived up to their promisesB. have almost caused worldwide chaosC. have failed to achieve their original goalD. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor67. The passage is mainly focused on____________.A. Exxon's involvement in scientific scandalsB. Exxon's contributions to the issue of climate changeC. Exxon's role in delaying solutions to global warmingD. Exxon's efforts to promote more scientific discoveries68. What is the author's tone in presenting the passage?A. Factual.B. Praiseful.C. Biased.D. Encouraging.Passage FourWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near death's door at the turn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21st century. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageing treatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue。

2022年研究生入学考试英语一真题及解析

2022 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “plant neurobiology” was 1 around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be 2 to intelligence in animals. 3 plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that 4 consciousness, researchers previously reported.But such an idea is untrue, according to the authors of the new article. Plant biology is plex and fascinating, but it 5 so greatly from that of animals that so-called 6 of plants’ intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006, some scientists have 7 that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, 8 “a plant nervous system, 9 to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, “They 10 claimed that plants have ‘brain- like mand centers’ at their root tips.”This 11 makes sense if you simplify the workings of a plex brain, 12 it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also municate through electrical signals. 13 , the signaling in a plant is only 14 similar to the firing in a plex animal brain, which is more than “a mass of cells that municate by electricity,” Taiz said.“For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold 15 of plexity and capacity is required,” he 16 . “Since plants don’t have nervous systems, the 17 that they have consciousness are effectively zero.”And what’s so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can’t run away from18 , so investing energy in a body system which 19 a threat and can feel pain would be a very 20 evolutionary strategy, according to the article.1.[A] coined2.[A] attributed [B] discovered[B] directed[C] collected[C] pared[D] issued[D] confined3. [A] unless [B] when [C] once [D] though4. [A] coped with [B] consisted of [C] hinted at [D] extended5. [A] suffers [B] benefits [C] develops [D] differs6. [A] acceptance [B] evidence [C] cultivation [D] creation7. [A] doubted [B] denied [C] argued [D] requested8.[A] adapting9.[A] analogous [B] forming[B] essential[C] repairing[C] suitable[D] testing[D] sensitive10. [A] just [B] ever [C] still [D] even11. [A] restriction [B] experiment [C] perspective [D] demand12. [A] attaching [B] reducing [C] returning [D] exposing13. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise14. [A] temporarily [B] literally [C] superficially [D] imaginarily15. [A] list [B] level [C] label [D] local16. [A] recalled [B] agreed [C] questioned [D] added17. [A] chances [B] risks [C] excused [D] assumptions18. [A] danger [B] failure [C] warning [D] control19. [A] represents [B] includes [C] reveals [D] recognizes20. [A] humble [B] poor [C] practical [D] easySection II Reading prehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1People often plain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and don’t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They “weep” out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, David Bowie costumes, the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn’t always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. “It’s like baking a cake: If you don’t have exact amounts, it goes wrong,” she says. “The object y ou make is already a time bomb.”And sometimes, it’s not the artist’s fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Piao Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen “nature carpets”—large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins,cabbages, and watermelons. He warned viewers to walk around on the carpets—which meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately, the polyurethane foam he used is inherentl y unstable It’s especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardi’s pumpkins, roses, and other figures were splitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark.So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilaid i’s sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals “sunscreens” because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oosten’s, preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate, are increasingly mon.And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history—Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on—after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, “and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve... will have a strong impact on how in the future we’ll be seen.”21.According to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in .[A]maintaining their plastic items[B]obtaining durable plastic artifacts[C]handling outdated plastic exhibits[D]classifying their plastic collections22.Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are .[A]immune to decay[B]improperly shaped[C]inherently flawed[D]plex in structure23.Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardi’s artworks to .[A]keep them from hurting visitors.[B]duplicate them for future display.[C]have their ingredients analyzed.[D]prevent them from further damage.24.The author thinks that preservation of plastics is .[A]costly[B]unworthy[C]unpopular[D]challenging25.In Ferreira’s opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts .[A]will inspire future scientific research[B]has profound historical significance[C]will help us separate the material ages[D]has an impact on today’s cultural lifeText 2As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Generation Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.Millennials were told that if you did well in school, got a decent degree, you would be set up for life. But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal, they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. Today, 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles; a percentage which is double the average among OECD countries.This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree, but, rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.Thankfully, there are signs that this is already happening, with Generation Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors, even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more mitted and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles.For those for whom a degree is the desired route, consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists, it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have two.It is unlikely that Generation Z will be done with education at 18 or 21; they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay employable. It has been estimated that this generation, due to the pressures of technology, the wish for personal fulfilment and desire for diversity, will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education, and not just knowledge gained on campus, will be a core part of Generation Z’s career trajectory.Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense: “I am a geographer” or “I am a classist.” Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing; it’s as if they already know that their degree won’t def ine them in the same way.26.The author suggests that Generation Z should .[A]be careful in choosing a college[B]be diligent at each educational stage[C]reassess the necessity of college education[D]postpone their undergraduate application27.The percentage of UK graduates in non-graduate roles reflect .[A]Millennial’s opinions about work[B]the shrinking value of a degree[C]public discontent with education[D]the desired route of social mobility28.The author considers it a good sign that .[A]Generation Z are seeking to earn a decent degree[B]School leavers are willing to be skilled workers[C]Employers are taking a realistic attitude to degrees[D]Parents are changing their minds about education29.It is advised in Paragraph 5 that those with one degree should .[A]make an early decision on their career[B]attend on the job training programs[C]team up with high-paid postgraduates[D]further their studies in a specific field30.What can be concluded about Generation Z from the last two paragraphs?[A]Lifelong learning will define them.[B]They will make qualified educators.[C]Degrees will no longer appeal them.[D]They will have a limited choice of jobs.Text 3Exhilarating, challenging, enlightening, stimulating, inspiring, fun. These were some of the words that Nature readers used to describe their experiences of art-science collaborations in a series of articles on partnerships between artists and researchers. Nearly 40% of the roughly 350 people who responded to an acpanying poll said they had collaborated with artists; and almost all said they would consider doing so in future.Such an encouraging result is not surprising. Scientists are increasingly seeking out visual artists and designers to help them to municate their work to new audiences. “Artists help scientists reach a broader audience and make emotional connections that enhance learning,” one respondent said.One example of how artists and scientists have together rocked the senses came last month when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra in Australia performed a reworked version of Antonio Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons. They reimagined the 300-year-old score by injecting the latest climate prediction data for each season—provided by Monash University’s Climate Change munication Research Hub in Melbourne. The performance was a c reative call to action ahead of November’s United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, UK.But a genuine partnership must be a two-way street. Fewer artists than scientists responded to the Nature poll; however, several respondents noted that artists do not simply assist scientists with their munication requirements. Nor should their work be considered only as an object of study. The alliances are most valuable when scientists and artists have a shared stake in a project, are able to jointly design it and can critique each other’s work. Such an approach can both prompt new research as well as result in powerful art.More than half a century ago, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) opened its Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS) in Cambridge to explore the role of technology in culture. Its founders deliberately focused their projects around light—hence the ‘visual studies’ in the name. Light was a something that both artists and scientists had an interest in, and therefore could form the basis of collaboration As science and technology progressed, and divided into more sub-disciplines, the centre was simultaneously looking to a time when leading researchers could also be artists, writers and poets, and vice versa.Nature’s poll findings suggest that this trend is as strong as ever, but, to make a collaboration work, both sides need to be prepared to be surprised and challenged, to invest time in getting to know one another and to trust their different expertise. The reach of art-science tie-ups needs to go beyond the necessary purpose of research munication, and participants must not fall into the trap of stereotyping each other. Artists and scientists alike are immersed in discovery and invention, and challenge and critique are core to both, too.31.According to Paragraph 1, art-science collaborations have .[A]caught the attention of critics[B]received favorable responses[C]promoted academic publishing[D]sparked heated public disputes32.The reworked version of the Four Seasons is mentioned to show that .[A]art can offer audiences easy access to science[B]science can help with the expression of emotions[C]public participation in science has a promising future[D]art is effective in facilitating scientific innovations33.Some artists seem to worry that in the art-science partnership .[A]their role may be underestimated[B]their reputation may be impaired[C]their creativity may be inhibited[D]their work may be misguided34.What does the author say about CAVS?[A]It was headed alternately by artists and scientists.[B]It exemplified valuable art-science alliances.[C]Its projects aimed at advancing visual studies.[D]Its founders sought to raise the status of artists.35.In the last paragraph, the author holds that art-science collaborations .[A]are likely to go beyond public expectations[B]will intensify interdisciplinary petition[C]should do more than municating science[D]are being more popular than beforeText 4The personal grievance provisions of the Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cause. Instead, dismissals must be justified. Employers must both show cause and act in a procedurally fair way.Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from “unjustified dismissals”. The premise was that the mon law of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for workers against capricious or arbitrary conduct by management. Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly paid managers and executives. As countless boards and business owners will attest, constraining firms from firing poorly performing, high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance. The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be thedifference between business success or failure. Between preserving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them. Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal.Consequently—and paradoxically—laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing those jobs at risk.If not placing jobs at risk, to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing underperforming managers, those laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers’ wages. Indeed, in “An International Perspective on New Zealand’s Productivity Paradox” (2014), the Productivity mission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country’s poor productivity growth record.Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA’s unjustified dismissal procedures. Because employment protection laws make it costlier to fire an employee, employers are more cautious about hiring new staff. This makes it harder for the marginal manager to gain employment. And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong.Society also suffers from excessive employment protections. Stringent job dismissal regulations adversely affect productivity growth and hamper both prosperity and overall wellbeing.Across the Tasman, Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified “high-ine threshold” from the protection of its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand, a 2016 private members’ Bill tried to permit firms and high-ine employees to contract out of the unjustified dismissal regime. However, the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.36.The personal grievance provisions of the ERA are intended to .[A]punish dubious corporate practices[B]improve traditional hiring procedures[C]exempt employers from certain duties[D]protect the rights of ordinary workers37.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that provisions may .[A]hinder business development[B]undermine managers’ authority[C]affect the public image of the firms[D]worsen labor-management relations38.Which of the following measures would the Productivity mission support?[A]Imposing reasonable wage restraints.[B]Enforcing employment protection laws.[C]Limiting the powers of business owners.[D]Dismissing poorly performing managers.39.What might be an effect of the ERA’s unjustified dismissal procedures?[A]Highly paid managers lose their jobs.[B]Employees suffer from salary cuts.[C]Society sees a rise in overall wellbeing.[D]Employers need to hire new staff.40.It can be inferred that the “high-ine threshold” in Australia .[A]has secured managers’ earnings[B]has produced undesired results[C]is beneficial to business owners[D]is difficult to put into practicePart BDirections:Read the following text and choose the correct summarizing statement for each person's opinion. There are two extra choices. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)(41)Teri ByrdI am a zoo and wildlife park employee for years. Both the wildlife park and zoo claimed to be operating for the benefit of the animals and for conservation purposes. This claim was false. Neither one of them actually participated in any contributions whose bottom line is much more important than the condition of the animals.Animals despise being captives in zoos. No matter how you “enhance” enclosures, they do not allow for freedom, a natural diet or adequate time for transparency with these institutions, and it’s past time to eliminate zoos from our culture.(42)Karen R. SimeAs a zoology professor, I agree with Emma Marris that zoo displays can be sad and cruel. But she underestimates the educational value of zoos.The zoology program at my university attracts students for whom zoo visits were the crucial formative experience that led them to major in biological sciences. These are mostly students who had no opportunity as children to travel to wilderness areas, wildlife refuges or national parks. Although good TV shows can help stir children’s interest in conservation, they cannot replace the excitement of a zoo visit as an intense, immersive and interactive experience. Surely there must be some middle ground that balances zoos treatment of animals with their educational potential.(43)Greg NewberryEmma Marris’s article is an insult and a disservice to the thousands of passionate who work tirelessly to improve the lives of animals and protect our planet. She uses outdated research and decades-old examples to undermine the noble mission of organizations mitted to connecting children to a world beyond their own.Zoos are at the forefront of conservation and constantly evolving to improve how they care for animals and protect each species in its natural habitat. Are there tragedies? Of course. But they are the exception, not the norm that Ms. Marris implies. A distressed animal in a zoo will get as good or better treatment than most of us at our local hospital.(44)Dean GalleaAs a fellow environmentalist, animal-protection advocate and longtime vegetarian, I could properly be in the same camp as Emma Marris on the issue of zoos. But I believe that well-run zoos, and the heroic animals that suffer their captivity, do serve a higher purpose. Were it not for opportunities to observe these beautiful, wild creatures close to home, many more people would be driven by their fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out, disturb and even hunt them down.Zoos are, in that sense, akin to natural history and archaeology museums, serving to satisfy our need for contact with these living creatures while leaving the vast majority undisturbed in their natural environments.(45)John FraserEmma Marris selectively describes and misrepresents the findings of our research. Our studies focused on the impact of zoo experiences on how people think about themselves and nature, and the data points extracted from our studies do not, in any way, discount what is learned in a zoo visit.Zoos are tools for thinking. Our research provides strong support for the value of zoos in connecting people with animals and with nature. Zoos provide a critical voice for conservation and environmental protection. They afford an opportunity for people from all backgrounds to encounter a range of animals, from drone bees to springbok or salmon, to better understand the natural world we live in.A.Zoos which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjected to unfair criticism.B.To pressure zoos to spend less on their animals would lead to inhumane outes for the precious creatures in their care.C.While animals in captivity deserve sympathy. Zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.D.Zoos save people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.E.For wild animals that cannot be returned to their natural habitats, zoos offer the best alternative.F.Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals’ well- being.G.Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve as an indispensable link between man and nature.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Between 1807 and 1814 the Iberian Peninsula (prising Spain and Portugal) was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle. It took p lace on many different planes: between Napoleon’s French army and the angry inhabitants; between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor’s difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth. (46) It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.I first discovered the Napoleonic cryptographic battle a few years ago when l was reading Sir Charles Oman’s epic History of the Peninsular War. In volume V he had attached an appendix, “The Scovell Ciphers.” (47) It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters. Oman rated Scovell’s significance highly, but at the same time, the general nature of his History meant that (48) he could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself. l was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman’s appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant as that of Enigma and the breaking of German codes in the Second World War. The question was, could it be told?Studying Scove ll’s papers at the Public Record Office (in Kew, west London) I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the peninsula. What was more, many original French dispatches had been preserved in this collection. I realized at once that this was priceless. (49) There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on.Furthermore, Scovell’s story involved much more than just intelligence work. His status in Lord Wellington’s headquarters and the recognition given to him for his work were all bound up with the class politics of the army at the time. His tale of self-improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right, but represents something more than that. (50) Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Write an email to a professor at a British university, inviting him/her to organize a team for the international innovation contest to be held at your university. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the e-mail; use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the pictures below. In your essay, you should1)describe the pictures briefly,2)interpret the implied meaning, and3)give your ments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2022年答案速查表Section ⅠU se of English (10 points)1. A2. C3. D4. C5. D6. B7. C8. B9. A 10. D11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. A 18. A 19. D 20. BSection ⅡReading prehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Text 1 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. BText 2 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. AText 3 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. CText 4 36. D 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. DPart B (10 points)41. F 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. GPart C (10 points)46.这也是一场在编制和破解密码的人之间展开的战争，这一点甚至对那些熟知这一时期的人来说都是未知的。

历年考研英语真题经典试题

1982年研究生入学考试英语试题Section Ⅳ Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A, B, C and D. Choose the correct one and circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points) EXAMPLE:1 the final scene I noticed him2 his eyes.1. A. DuringB. WhileC. As soon asD. No sooner than2. A. to wipe B. wiping C. to be wiped D. having wiped ANSWER: 1. A.2. B.Long before man learned how to build houses, he 31 natural shelters, as the animals did. He found that he could 32 himself by climbing up into trees or by crouching 33 the overhanging edges of cliffs, or by crawling into 34 . The first shelters or homes actually built by man were very simple. For his building 35 , he used what he could find easily 36 him: rocks, tree branches, dried grasses, animal skins. It was 37 , however, before man began to build 38 shelters because 39 man learned to farm, he lived by 40.31. A. looked after B. looked about C. looked for D. looked into32. A. protect B. confine C. bury D. cover33. A. to B. above C. into D. under34. A. cracks B. pits C. caves D. cavities35. A. rocks B. substance C. materials D. groundwork36. A. around B. above C. under D. over37. A. in time B. many a time C. behind the time D.a long time38. A. permanent B. unchangeable C. changeable D. perpetual39. A. if B. in case C. until D. after40. A. fishing B. gaming C. hunting D. shootingSection Ⅴ Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each sentence or paragraph below is followed by four statements. One of the statements is a suggestion which can be drawn from the information given in the original sentence or paragraph. Read the sentences and paragraphs carefully and circle your choice. Only one choice is to be circled. (10 points)EXAMPLE:Whether the study of the lunar rocks will answer the long debated question考研1号英语基础薄弱者专用of the origin of the moon remains to be seen.A. The speaker wants to remain behind to see whether the study will throw light on the question.B. The speaker feels that the study will probably answer the question.C. The speaker is sure that the study will produce an answer to the question.D. The speaker is not sure whether the study will answer the question or not.ANSWER: D.41. If this book begins with a familiar them—the Indian experience of the last 120 years—the author brings to it great power and deep understanding.A. This means that the book was written 120 years ago.B. This means that the Indian experience of the last 120 years is a familiar experience, and nothing new can be written about it.C. This means that the book lacks understanding of the Indian experience.D. This means that the writer of this sentence likes the book.42. I disagreed then as now with many of John Smith s judgments, but always respected him, and this book is a welcome reminder of his big, honest, friendly, stubborn personality.A. The writer of this sentence dislikes John Smith, but agrees with his ideas.B. The writer of this sentence considers John Smith to be a disagreeable person.C. The writer of this sentence disagrees with John Smith but respects him.D. The writer of this sentence disagreed with him then but agrees with him now.43. Just before his tenth birthday John received a horse from his father; this was the first of a series of expensive gifts intended to create the impression of a loving parent.A. John received the horse because he was ten.B. John received the horse because his father loved him.C. John received the horse because his father wanted to seem loving.D. John received the horse because his father wouldn t be able to give him expensive gifts in the future.44. It cannot be doubted that without intelligence and diligence on the part of the students themselves, as indeed without the leadership and the coaching of the teachers, a good examination result will not come. A. This sentence means that for a good result of an examination both the intelligence and diligence of the students and the guidance of the teachers must be stressed.B. This sentence means that a good result of examination will come without either the students effort or that of the teachers.C. This sentence means that a good examination result depends chiefly on the correct guidance of the teachers.D. This sentence means that a good examination result depends on either考研1号英语基础薄弱者专用the students or the teachers.45. Industry and commerce are the largest users of electrical energy. Using less electricity would mean a reduced industrial capacity and fewer jobs in the affected industries. Therefore an unfavorable change in our economic structure might result.A. This means that decreasing the use of electricity must begin immediately.B. This means that decreasing the use of electricity will cause difficulties.C. This means that decreasing the use of electricity isn t important.D. This means that decreasing the use of electricity won t affect industry.Section Ⅶ English Chinese TranslationDirections:Choose either of the following two passages and translate it into Chinese.(30 points)(1)In country after country, talk of non smokers right is in the air. While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking. Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers, or to cut cigarette consumption.In some developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has become more or less stabilized. However, in many developing nations, cigarettesmoking is seen as a sign of economic progress—and is even encouraged. As more tobacco companies go international, new markets are sought to gain new smokers in those countries. For example, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africa—where U.S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974.Smoking is harmful to the health of people. World governments should conduct serious campaigns against it. Restrictions on cigarette advertisements, plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places such as theatres, cinemas and restaurants, are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing smoking. But world attention also is focusing on another step which will make the smoker increasingly self conscious and uncomfortable about his habit. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit. And cigarette price should be boosted.In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better off if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.(2)Nuclear power s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can t detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can t sense考研1号英语基础薄弱者专用radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things. At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.。

学术性硕士研究生学位英语试卷(历年真题)

AGENERAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TEST FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJORGRADUATE STUDENTS考试注意事项一、本考试分A, B两种试卷，请考生拿到试卷后在答题卡的试卷类型一栏标明。

如：拿到A卷就在试卷类型一栏的字母[A]上划横线，拿到B卷在[B]上划横线。

不标明A、B卷的试卷将以作废处理。

请考生在机读卡的“学号”一栏填涂学号。

二、A、B卷都分别由两份试卷组成：试卷一(Paper One) 包括听力理解、词汇、完形填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题，按序号统一编号；试卷二(Paper Two) 包括翻译与写作两部分，共3题。

三、试卷一(题号1-80 )为客观评分题，答案一律用中性2B铅笔做在机读卡上, 在对应题号下所选字母中间划黑道。

四、卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET II上，答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项。

五、答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。

六、本考试全部时间为180分钟。

其中，试卷一为100分钟，听力理解部分的时间以放完录音为准，大约20分钟；其余部分所占时间与得分标准标在试卷上，由考生自行掌握。

试卷二为80分钟。

每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。

考试终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，将试卷和答案留在座位上，待监考老师收点无误后，经主考老师宣布本考试结束后方可离开考场。

PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause, during the pause, you must read the suggested answer marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. A. He can't read French novels without the help of his teacher.B. He has no problems understanding French novels.C. He cannot do away with dictionaries when he reads French novels.D. He fell on a dictionary when he is reading a French novel.2. A. She'd like to take a later flight.B. They won't arrive late.C. They should leave for the airport immediately.D. She isn't afraid to travel alone.3. A. To apply for a job.B. To find out her position in the company.C. To offer her a position in the company.D. To make an appointment with the sales manager.4. A. She has to get ready for her speech.B. She doesn't like sea food.C. She thinks the restaurant is too expensive.D. She will accompany the man to the restaurant.5. A. It's no longer of any use to her.B. She feels the man's apology is enough.C. It does have a back cover.D. She is a generous woman by nature.6. A. To a guest house.B. To the theater.C. To a hotel.D.To a restaurant.7. A. To remind him of the time for the film.B. To tell him she is busy.C. To ask him to go to the movies.D.To invite him to sing.8. A. He is curious.B .He is satisfied.C. He is exhausted.D.He is impatient.9. A. Looking for a job.B. Looking for an apartment.C. Taking a suburban excursion.D.Asking the man for his opinions.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must choose the answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 10~12 are based on the following passage:10.A. Intellectual challenge.B. Social challenge.C. Physical challengeD. Economic challenge..11.A. Building pyramids.B. Exploring the spaceC. Making plans for transportation.D. Painting a picture.12. A. They face them.B. They are interested in them.C. They accept and enjoy them.D. They ignore themQuestions 13 — 15 are based on the following passage:13. A. It's a new method to measure a country's production.B. It's a way to study the economies of different countries.C. It's a new system to help make economic decisions.D. It's a means to understand a country's economic changes.14. A. GDP does not include earnings of companies operating in foreign countries.B. GDP counts only goods and services produced within the nation's borders.C. GDP refers to earnings from home-made products.D. Earnings by foreign-owned companies are not included in GDP.15. A. Because economic experts generally approve GDP.B. Because most industrial countries used GDP.C. Because GDP provides a truer measure of a country's economy.D. Because GDP is easier to be understood.PART II VOCABULARY ( 15 minutes, 10 points)Section A ( 0.5 point each)Directions: In this section there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16. Reports of torture and mass execution in the concentration camps have outragedthe world religious leaders.A. irritatedB. slashedC. ragedD. reminded17.Thousands of English words derive from Latin.A. obtainB. detectC. decodeD. originate18.I have always regarded him as a man of integrity.A. characterB. integrationC. kindnessD. uprightness19. What a tremendous party it's been! I have enjoyed every minute of it.A. humorousB. fortunateC. contentD. wonderful20. Jefferson believed in human rights. He approved of the French Revolution.A. joinedB. opposedC. devotedD. was in favor of21.People are understandably wary of the new government.A. gratefulB. hostileC. cautiousD. ironic22.She gave a cordial reception to her guest.A. welcomeB. partyC. invitationD. overcoat23. This is one of several extraordinary scenes in the movie, including the suddenmurder of a young man that triggers the suppressed desire between George and Lucy.A. activatedB. wipedC. meddledD. posed24. William E. Boeing, founder of the company that designed the 747, had to resort tomanufacturing bedroom furniture to survive some lean years.A. come toB. turn toC. add toD. apply to25. These changes have made the campus an easier place for people with handicaps.A. disabilitiesB. casualtiesC. obstaclesD. injuriesSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten incomplete sentences. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.26. If you want to know the train schedule, please ______ at the booking office.A. acquireB. inquireC. requestD. require27. One of the rumors ____ at the moment is that the company is about to gobankrupt.A. evaporatingB. circulatingC. emittingD. elaborating28. This candidate has an impressively _____ range of interests and experience.A. diverseB. reverseC. adverseD. controversial29. China will continue to be the most ______ economic region in Asia.A. effectiveB. intermediateC. practicalD. dynamic30. May I _____ that if we don't leave now we shall miss the bus?A. point outB. pick outC. wipe outD. make out31. The patient condition has _______ since he had a heart attack.A. deterioratedB. decreasedB. treated D. diagnosed32.The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and ______ him ofspeeding.A. chargedB.accusedC. blamedD. weary33.The poverty of some of the districts is an _____ to good education.A. objectionB. obstacle:C. obligationD. obsession34. It has become necessary to develop new and better tools of market research inorder to _____sales with greater certainty because production and purchasing has to be adjusted to sales expectations.A. foster C. forecastB. calculate D. promote35. In the past few years the workers have_____ a lot of suggestions, some of whichare being put into practice.A. put downB. put offC. put outD. put forwardPART III CLOZE TEST ( 20 minutes 15 points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36. A. in charge of B. responsible for C. controlling D. accused of37. A. setbacks B. troubles C. crisis D. difficulties38. A. promote B. enhance C. raise D. speed up39. A. in line with B. according to C. based on D. depended on40. A. If B. Since C. While D. Although41. A. requirement B. demand C. necessity D. possibility42. A. lift B. boost C. develop D. accelerate43. A. versatile B. susceptible C. flexible D. fresh44. A. make B. take C. assign D. allocate45. A. items B. terms C. lists D. projects46. A. well-off B. well-being C. well-to-do D. welfare47. A. insurance B. funds C. coverage D. reports48. A. despite B. as C. supposing D. given49. A. As a result B. In a word C. Generally D. all in all50. A. instead of B. would rather C. as well as D. rather thanPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points) Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and hen do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage 1Gopher Prairie, in which the action of Sinclair Lewis' Main Street (1920) takes place, is a town of 3, 000 inhabitants, smug, dull people whose one idea is to get on materially. They have no use for anyone who wishes something better for them; they oppose civic（市政的）reform, cultural and educational projects. The most honored citizens are bankers. Carol, who has been to college and held a position as a librarian, comes to Gopher Prairie to live with her doctor husband. Appalled by the stagnant（停滞的）life of the town, and failing to become adjusted to it, she tries a number of cultural ideas. Her efforts to establish a little theater meet with no encouragement. Indeed, the people merely think she is putting on airs. Her affection for her husband wanes（衰落）, and she takes up with Erik Valborg, in whom she sees a spirit akin（类似的）to her own. She leaves the little town for Washington, D. C., where she works as a government clerk. Later she returns to Gopher Prairie, better equipped than before to understand the forces which shape Main Street.At the time of its first appearance, Main Street provoked a storm of protest on the ground that the novelist libeled（诽谤）good Americans. Today, no one thinks of repeating this charge. Indeed, as Lewis Gannett points out, Main Street has in no way changed except externally; it is the same Main Street; yet, doubtless it reads Sinclair Lewis' novels as eagerly as the rest of the nation. At the time when Main Street was published Lewis was accused of hating dull people. The novelist retorted that he did not hate them: he loved them. The truth is, the world of 1920 could not stand criticism. The Pulitzer Prize committee refused to award Main Street a prize. The novelist was to have his revenge six years later, when he rejected the same award for Arro w smith .51. Which of the following is the central preoccupation of the people of GopherPrairie?A. Progressive education.B. Material possessions.C. Cultural activity.D. Civic reform.52. When the people of Gopher Prairie thought that Carol was "putting on airs, " theymeant that she ______.A. talkativeB. pretentiousC. organizedD. overdressed53. In the first paragraph, Erik Valborg's spirit is said to be "akin" to Carol's, because they ______ .A. are related by marriageB. share a common religionC. have mutual interestsD. are emotional people54. According to the passage, why was there such adverse reaction to Main Street in1920?A. People were reluctant to admit their faults.B. Sinclair Lewis did not like honorable citizens.C. Gopher Prairie was portrayed inaccurately.D. The main character led an unconventional life.55. According to the passage, which of the following statements best explains whySinclair Lewis rejected the Pulitzer Prize for Arrowsmith?A. He thought Arrowsmith was not worthy of the honor.B. He disapproved of the composition of the Pulitzer Prize committee.C. He claimed that the Pulitzer Prize had no status.D. He felt the committee had unjustly overlooked his previous work.Passage 2It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, butnowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a "Be Kind to Other Drivers" campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can't even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.56. According to the passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by _____.A. people's attitude towards the road-hogB. the rhythm of modern lifeC. the behavior of the driverD. traffic conditions57. The sentence "You might tolerate the odd road-hog ... the rule. " (para. 1) impliesthat ________.A. our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB. rude drivers can be met only occasionallyC. the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD. nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists58. By "good sense", the writer means _______ .A. the driver's ability to understand and react reasonablyB. the driver's prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC. the driver's tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD. the driver's acknowledgement of politeness and regulations59. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,______.A. road users should make more sacrificeB. drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC. drivers should have more communication among themselvesD. drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others60. In the writer's opinion, ______.A. strict traffic regulations are badly neededB. drivers should apply road politeness properlyC. rude drivers should be punishedD. drivers should avoid traffic jamsPassage 3As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller to purchase goods from the person who buys his products, or vice versa（反之亦然）. Hence, producers who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can concentrate on finding cheapest market for the things they wish to purchase. Specialization, which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent to their share of the product.Another advantage of money is that it is a measure of value — that is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy（物物交换经济）it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which would be a difficult and time-consuming task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties' desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish.Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to image saving under a barter system. No one engaged on only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the practice of storing products for years on would involve obvious disadvantages — imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital accumulated to raise productivity.61. Using money as a medium of exchange means that ______.A. you have to sell something in order to buy somethingB. you have to buy something in order to sell somethingC. you don't have to buy something in order to sell somethingD. the seller and the purchaser are the same person62. Specialization is encouraged because _______.A. people can use their money to buy whatever they wantB. people do not need to make a complete product for exchangeC. people make a great contribution to the manufacture of a productD. people can not use their money to buy whatever they want63. A barter economy is one in which _______.A. value is decided by weightB. value is decided by numberC. money is used and goods are not exchangedD. goods are exchanged and money is not used26164. If one had to save products instead of money, _______.A. this would need years of practiceB. coal, for example, would lose its valueC. they could not be stored for years on endD. many products would lose their value65.How many advantages of money are mentioned in this passage?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.Passage 4Kristina Mercier noticed her ten-year-old son, Brad, was becoming a nervous wreck（精神脆弱者）the closer it got to test day. A high school English teacher in Wilmington, North Carolina, says Brad was terrified he'd flunk（不及格） a state-mandated test（州统考）. "He didn't want to go to school and started crying about every little thing," she says. "For a while, he was even having nightmares. I thought I'd have to take him to a psychiatrist. Then I found out the school principal was getting on the intercom every morning and saying, ' I want you to work really hard today so you'll pass the test. ' Brad has always been a bit of a worrier. He really took it to heart."The rise of standardized tests has had some unfortunate results. Now mandated （规定）by 48 states, such tests are intended to raise standards, providing parents —and legislators — with a measuring stick of how well teachers are doing. School district budgets, teacher pay and bonuses（奖金）, and student grade advancement are tied to test performance in a growing number of communities. As educators feel the heat, so do the kids — and some can't handle it. "Kids see their teachers' anxiety over the tests and that makes them feel there's something to really worry about," says Leo Mickey Fenzel, Ph.D., associate professor of psychology at Loyola College in Maryland, and author of several studies on children's stress. "Even the best students get nervous because they're afraid they'll mess up and disappoint teachers, parents, and themselves."Devin O'Leary of Bloomington, Indiana, had a full-fledged（全面的）meltdown （垮台）, thanks to his statewide third-grade test. "For weeks, teachers let the children know that this was a very serious test — the school had placed below the state averagein the past, so everyone was uptight（紧张的）, " says Debby O'Leary, his mother. Then, on test day, Devin was scolded for leaving his chair to help another child who was whining（嘀咕）because he couldn't do the math problems. "Devin got hysterical（歇斯底里）; he was crying and shaking so much he had to be sent to the principal's office, " she says. Although her son scored in the ninety-seventh percentile, Debby is relieved to know that he won't have another such test until he's in the sixth grade.Ramirez Miller has seen kids cry, get sick to their stomachs, even wet their pants over such pressure. But she's found ways to ease the strain on the kids in her class. "We used to give the tests cold turkey, but now we teach basic test skills, like how to fill out an answer bubble, and give practice exams, so kids become comfortable with the questions, " she says."I try to make the two weeks before the test very relaxed, because if I'm showing stress, it will be transmitted to the children." The result? Relaxed children and higher scores. Which proves that, with some insight and creativity, school stress need not be a required part of the curriculum.66. Which of the following applies to the description of Kristina Mercier's son afterhis examination?A. He was completely destroyed by the horrible stated-mandated test.B. He showed certain symptoms of nervous breakdown.C. He couldn't concentrate on doing things related to the exam.D. He was brought to the hospital for advice from a psychiatrist.67. What is the purpose of the increase of standardized tests in 48 states in the USA?A. To improve the standards of teaching and help offering a reference framework.B. To help raise the school region budgets, teacher's salary and his or her bonuses.C. T o make the examination more complicated to be handled with by the students.D. To put both the teachers and students under certain pressure for furtheradvancement.68. The first sentence in the third paragraph refers to that ______.A. Devin got a perfect mark in the state-mandated test when he was in the thirdgradeB. Devin melt a full cup of ice when he participated in his third grade test in thestateC. Devin was thoroughly destroyed in his mind because of his behavior in the testD. Devin was very grateful for the statewide test in that he fled from themeltdown69. What is the probable meaning of "cold turkey" in the last paragraph?A. A large, widely domesticated North American bird with cold body.B. An uncooked cold dish provided in the test like salad.C. A retarded child who acted like a dumb cold turkey.D. A sudden or unprepared administration of certain examination.70.What's the author's attitude towards the rise of American standardized tests?A. Approval.B. Objection.C. Objectivity.D. Indifference.Passage 5Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby's life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother's back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the "proper place to focus one's gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one's conversation partner."The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.71. The author is convinced that the eyes are ______ .A. of extreme importance in expressing feeling and exchanging ideasB. something through which one can see a person's inner worldC. of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD. something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate72. Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person _______ .A. whose front view is fully perceivedB. whose face is covered with a maskC. whose face is seen from the sideD. whose face is free of any covering73. According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversationpartner's neck because _______.A. they don't like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB. they need not communicate through eye contactC. they don't think it polite to have eye contactD. t hey didn't have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact inbabyhood74. According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down。

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D i r e c t i o n s:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related”as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, p rofessor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was takento_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] s [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity o f therepublican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere”politics and “embody”a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear”because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsTEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing.” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant.[B] check suspects’phone contents without being authorized.[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] tolerance.[B] indifference.[C] disapproval.[D] cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handing one’s historical r ecords.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.[D] citizens’privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.Text 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers mus t have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manus.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32、The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers’worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Anal ysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of ourinstitutions”Integrity had collapsed, s he argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in societyshould be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirectionsIn the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks .Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them drawing on your? implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)________You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about? what kind of speech event is involved. Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in? inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42)_________Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or "true" meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of text to the world.(43)_________Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44)_______This doesn`t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page--including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns--debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it,(45)________Such dimensions of reading suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading. It doesn`t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading ,our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.”said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonists’first glim pse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)。

答案速查 2010-2024年考研英语(二)真题(1)

Section I Use of English1.D2.C3.B4.A5.A6.B7.D8.C9.B10.A11.C12.D13.D14.A15.C16.B17.D18.C19.A20.BSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText l21.D22.A23.B24.C25.CText226.A27.C28.B29.D30.BText331.A32.A33.D34.C35.BText436.D37.A38.C39.B40.DPart B41.F42.T43.F44.T45.FSectionⅢTranslation46.最近，“承受力”成了一个流行词汇，但对泰德·宁来说，他对这个词的涵义有自己的切身体会。

在经历了一段难以承受的痛苦生活后，他清楚地认识到，以承受力为导向的价值观必须透过日常行动和抉择才能得以体现。

宁回忆起20世纪90年代后期他卖保险时那困窘的一年。

在经历了互联网泡沫的繁荣与破灭后，他急需找到一份工作，因此就与一家博尔德代理公司签了约。

但情况并不顺利。

“那真是糟糕的一步，因为它根本激不起我的工作热情，”宁说。

不出所料，工作上的进退维谷造成他销售业绩不佳。

“我很痛苦，异常焦虑，以至于经常半夜醒来盯着天花板发呆。

我没有钱，需要这份工作。

大家都说，‘等等看，情况会有好转的，给它点时间。

’”Section IV Writing(略)Section I Use of English1.A2.C3.B4.D5.D6.B7.A8.C9.C10.B11.D12.B13.A14.C15.A16.A17.D18.A19.C20.DSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText l21.B22.D23.C24.A25.BText226.D27.B28.C29.A30.AText331.C32.D33.C34.D35.BText436.B37.C38.B39.A40.DPart B41.E42.D43.C44.B45.GSectionⅢTranslation46.谁能想到，信息技术行业产生的温室气体总量会与航空业不相上下，约占全球二氧化碳排放量的2%?许多日常工作都会给环境造成意想不到的危害。

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