制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句 as引导的定语从句常见
在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时， 关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。 但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that： (1) 当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody 等词时 He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp. 注：在非正式文体中可以说： You’re the one that knows where to go.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有： who, whom, whose, which, as, when 和 where 不可以用that和why
另外，非限制Biblioteka 定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列 句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常 用并列句或简单句来表达。
I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.
(1)限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行 词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可 用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不 完整。 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
2 Let’s discuss only such questions as concern every one of us. 3 Would you please buy me the same novel as you bought for brother yesterday, Mum? 4 As we all know, John is an honest man. 5 This is so difficult a problem as nobody in my class can work out.
关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose） 的指代关系 指人
who whom which that whose √ √ √ √ √ √ √
指物
在定语从句中的 作用 主语 （宾语）
宾语 主语 宾语 宾语 主语 定语
在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系 词可用which或that，二者常可以互换； 但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which： (1) 当先行词是不定代词all, a lot, few, much, none, anything, nothing等或被不定代词all, any, no, much, little, few, every所修饰时。 All that can be done has been done. We heard clearly every word that he said.
the museum together? 2 This is the factory ________________ where / in which my father once worked. why / for which he was late. 3 This is the reason _______________
关系代词as可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从
句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；引导限
制性定语从句常用于下列句式：
such+名词+as… so+形容词+名词+as…
像…一样的，像…之类的
the same+名词+as… 和…同样的
1 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
(2) 当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词 时 He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet. 注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that… He that promises too much means nothing. (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。 Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?
a This is the place ______________ where / in which he works. This is the place __________ (which/that) we visited last year. b That was the time _____ when he arrived. Do you still remember the days(which/that) _________ we spent together? c This is the reason _____________ why / for which he went. The reason (which/that) __________ he gave us was quite reasonable. d His father works in a factory _____ where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory _________ which/that makes radio parts.
比较：
This is such a difficult problem as nobody in my class can work out. 定语从句 This is such a difficult problem that nobody in my class can work it out. 状语从句 This is so difficult a problem that nobody in my 状语从句 class can work it out.
关系代词和关系副词的作用 1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
eg 1 Those who want to go please sign your names here. 2 This is the house where he was born. 3 Bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a lot of questions.
【2】“复合介词短语+关系代词” 这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用都逗号 分开，从句常用倒装语序 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood ______ a big tall tree 耸立一棵大树). _____________( 【3】介词+which / whom+不定式结构 The poor man has no house in which to live. = The poor man has no house to live in. = The poor man has no house in which he can live.
考点2 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词 只能用which / whom / whose In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. Recently I bought an vase, the price of which was very reasonable. Mr Smith, in whose department she worked, came to see her.
(2) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets. (3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高 级所修饰时 Is that the best that you can do? (4) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。 This is the very book that I want to find.
(5) 当先行词既指人又指物时 She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most. (6) 当主句是以which/who开头的特殊疑问句时 Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the girl that is talking there? (7) 在there be 句型结构中 There is still a point that I can’t understand. (8) 定语从句中缺少表语时 China is not the country that it used to be.
(4) 在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了 明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如： A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. I was the only person in my office who was invited. (5) 两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词， 第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如： She is the only girl (that) I know who can play the guitar.
限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句的区分、用法
限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句的区分、用法限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句的区分、用法根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去；非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
以下是店铺整理的限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句的区分、用法，一起来看看吧。
一、限制性定语从句1.关系代词that既可代表事物也可代表人，which只代表事物，它们在从句中作主语或宾语。
在从句中作宾语时常可省略。
I was the only person in our office that was invited to the palace ball．The present that（which）I received last week was from my sister．This is a book which is about space rocket technology．2.关系代词who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。
如：This is the man who helped me．The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room．3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词，作定语，相当于who和whom 的所有格，既可以修饰人又可以修饰物。
如：Do you know the student whose name is Wang Fei？We lived in a room whose window opens to the west.4. where是关系副词，用来引导表示地点的定语从句，where在从句中作状语。
如：At last we arrived at a small village where we’ll work for a week.5. when是关系副词，引导定语从句表示时间，在从句中作状语。
as在定语从句中的用法
关系代词as 引导的定语从句1、as 可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。
如：He married her, as was natural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
He is honest, as we can see.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。
2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。
另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。
如：As is known to all, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是发展中国家。
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，从他的口音我们就可以知道。
John, as you know, is a famous writer.正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。
3、当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。
如：I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。
He is not such a fool as he looks.他可不象他看上去的那样傻。
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。
注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的那个同一条连衣裙。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿就像着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
as_在定语从句中用法
as和which的差别
• as 引导的从句位置灵活，多放句首，并有 逗号隔开， which一般多放主句后面（见报 纸）
as 用在固定结构中 如：the same…as… such…a样的
I use the textbook.
You use the same kind of text book, too.
二、非限制性定语从句不能用why引导, 要用for which代替why。 1. I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有 去开会。 2. I had told them the reason why I didn't attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。 (限制性定语从句“the reason why ...”是 常见搭配。)
I use the same textbook as you do.
= I use the textbook just like the one that you do. the same …as 和…一样的
I stay in this classroom. You all stay in this classroom too.
Simon accepted as much advice as Mr Yang gave to him. as…as… 像….一样…..
总结 非限制性定语从句 应注意以下几点：
一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用that 引导。 1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 2. I like the book which/that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。
定语从句中as的用法
定语从句中as的用法定语从句中as的用法在定语从句中，as有样的作用呢?下面是店铺为大家带来的定语从句中as的用法!1. 准关系代词as引导限制定语从句，用于以下3个结构中，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语：a. so / such…asSuch people as were mentioned by him were honest. (as作主语)I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is. (as作表语)Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an (= such a difficult) examination problem as none of us worked out.b. the same…asModern statemen are often faced with the same problem as defeated the ancient Romans. (as 作宾语)I like the same book as you do. (as 作宾语)c. as…asAs many children as came were given some cakes. (as 作主语) He is as diligent a man as ever lived. (as 作主语)补充：a. such…as 与such…that的区别such…as 引导定语从句;such…that引导结果状语从句。
They talked in such simple English as children could understand.他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的交谈。
They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.他们用十分简单的英语交谈，连孩子们都能听懂。
限制性、非限制性定语从句的区别
一、限制性、非限制性定语从句的区别1.作用不同：限制性定语从句在意义上与先行词关系密切，不可缺少的定语，去掉主句意思不完整或失去意义。
非限制性和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加的说明，去掉主句意思仍然清楚。
His brother who lives in London will go to America next week.他住在伦敦的哥哥（可能还有别的）His brother，who lives in London ，will go to America next week.（只有一个哥哥）2.形式不同：限无逗号，非限用逗号隔开。
3.先行词：限制：一般noun/pron非限：专有noun或受物主、指示代词修饰的noun或句子4.关系词不同：that，why不能引导非限非限：that——which；why——for whichI have told him them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.Her son is very smart, which makes her happy.5.关系词替代情况不同（1）.限制：whom作宾语时可用who替代whom非限：whom作宾语时不能用who替代whom，Prep + whom=whoThis is the boy whom/who I met at the theatre.A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.（2）.限制：指人——that，who，whom 非限：指人——who，whom6.关系代词省略情况不同限制：关系代词作宾语时可省略（prep后不可）非限：所有关系词不可省略二.as 和which的选择（非限中）Same：都可以指代整个句子的内容，非限定语从句位于句末且as 或which作主语、宾语或表语时，常可互换。
定语从句语法规则
一．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别。
限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用。
而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用。
非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句相当于并列句，状语从句等。
如：I want this man ,who(=for he) can speak English.He gave up the plan, which(=though it) was a very good one.I will take this one, which(=for it)seems to be the best one.He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has more than two sons.) 二．非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法。
1.关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略。
2.who（主语），whom(宾语)，which(主语，宾语) 不能用that 代替，也不能互相替换。
3.介词+which/whom +从句结构中，介词不能移到从句后面。
4.when,where可用于非限制性定语从句。
题组训练○1That is my father, and he works in Shanghai.That is his father,_________works in Shanghai.○2I like the boy, who is very lovely.I like the boy, ________is very lovely.○3He told me a story yesterday, and I think it is very interesting. \He told me a story yesterday,_________ I think is very interesting.关系代词的用法（一）关系代词的作用和分类1.关系代词的作用有三个：（１）连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把它和主句连接起来。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
∙非限制性定语从句的概念：非限制性定语是对被修饰名词或代词的附加说明，它不是必需的，如果去掉，也不会影响句子的意思，它与被修饰名词之间通常用逗号分开。
如：The travellers, knowing about the floods, took another road. 游客们知道发了大水，都改道走了。
The boys, wanting to play football, were disappointed when it rained. 那些男孩子想踢足球，因为下雨感到失望。
∙非限制性定语从句用法：1、引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用which(不用that)。
例如：Heat is another form of energy, which is as important as other kinds of energy.热是另一种形式的能量，与其他形式的能量一样重要。
（从句表补充说明，而且关系代词which不能换成that。
）2、引导非限定性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指前面整个句子的含义。
例如：That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布，却已传得沸沸扬扬。
（句子中的which指“彼特要娶爱丽斯”这整个句子的意思。
）3、除which外，还可用when，where，who等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。
例如：After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。
Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World WarII, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.第二次世界大战期间，爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国，那时犹太人在德国受到不好的对待。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
∙非限制性定语从句的概念：非限制性定语是对被修饰名词或代词的附加说明，它不是必需的，如果去掉，也不会影响句子的意思，它与被修饰名词之间通常用逗号分开。
如：The travellers, knowing about the floods, took another road. 游客们知道发了大水，都改道走了。
The boys, wanting to play football, were disappointed when it rained. 那些男孩子想踢足球，因为下雨感到失望。
∙非限制性定语从句用法：1、引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用which(不用that)。
例如：Heat is another form of energy, which is as important as other kinds of energy.热是另一种形式的能量，与其他形式的能量一样重要。
（从句表补充说明，而且关系代词which不能换成that。
）2、引导非限定性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指前面整个句子的含义。
例如：That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布，却已传得沸沸扬扬。
（句子中的which指“彼特要娶爱丽斯”这整个句子的意思。
）3、除which外，还可用when，where，who等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。
例如：After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.毕业后，我决定留在重庆，在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。
Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World WarII, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.第二次世界大战期间，爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国，那时犹太人在德国受到不好的对待。
（完整版）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
（完整版）限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与⾮限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句提供有关主语或宾语的重要信息，起限定作⽤，与被修饰部分的关系紧密，如果省略该从句会使主句语义表达不完整。
例如：This is the very person that is wanted by the police.He is the man who /that lives next door.It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at the time.⾮限制性定语从句只是⽤来对被修饰部分作补充性的说明，与先⾏词关系⽐较松散，先⾏词与从句间可以⽤逗号隔开，从句可略去：He will not be able to spend the holiday with his family, which is a big annoyance to him.The minister, who is to visit our university, is said to be a Qinghua University graduate.The book, which your sister bought you in Xinhua Bookstore, isvery useful in improving your spoken English.The businessman, whose suitcase has been found by a stranger,has left for Beijing.如果定语从句的先⾏词是专有名词或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指⽰代词(this, that, etc)作限定词的名词词组，其后的定语从句通常为⾮限制性的。
例如：The Thames, which is now clean enough to swim in, was polluted for over a hundred years.My mother, who has been on a visit to Australia, will fly back tomorrow.All of these books, which have been donated by visitingprofessors, are to be used by the children in Hope School.限制性定语从句的先⾏词只能是名词，代词或名词性词组，⽽⾮限制性定语从句的先⾏词除了是名词及名词性词组外，还可能是句⼦的⼀部分或是整个句⼦。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句Read these senten ces and discuss which words in the senten ces the uses (in italics) refer to.1. There were inven ti ons and developme nts in China which were not available inEurope at that time.2. Marco was lucky eno ugh to meet ano ther pris oner who enjoyed listening to hisstories about China3. T he prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, which became one of the best-selling books in EuropeWhich of the clauses above gives1) information to identify the person(s) / object(s) ? (defining clause)2) e xtra information about a person or a thing, which can be left out? (non-defining clause)一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：1、限制性定语从句：所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少定语，如果去掉，主句就失去意义或意义不完整。
这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号和主句分开。
例句：Do you remember the girl who taught us English你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？（如果把从句部分去掉，整个句子的含义就变了。