翻译练习4&5--长句翻译课堂训练

长句翻译练习共3页。下个星期要讲的主要做到第二页综合部分。嵌套式定语从句留到下下次再完成。

1.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

2.行为主义者表示，这些刺激物有利于其适当反应能力的发。

2. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, keeping our rooms air-conditioned.

即使在我们关掉床头灯快速进入睡眠时，电依然在为我们工作，供冰箱运作，把水加热，让我们的空调一直工作。

3，We must recognize that what we are doing is simply part of trend that began with Copernicus and Galileo, who first showed us that Earth is not the center of the universe.

我们必须认识到我们所做的趋势的简单部分，这个趋势源于哥白尼和伽利略，他是们是第一个像我们展示地球不是宇宙的中心。

4.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. 常言道，电视让人了时事，让人了解到科学和政治的最新发展，提供一系列无穷无尽的具有指导性和娱乐性的节目。

5.Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.在二十世纪之前，小说中的女人被偏见刻画成缺乏使他们独立个性的特征并遭受被男性主导文化强加的很多的束缚。

6If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.

如果父母对青春期放应早有准备，并意识到这是孩子成长和形成有价值的观察力和独立判断力的迹象，那他们就不会如此的受伤，因此也不会让孩子通过憎恨和抵制走到对立面。

7. The election which has led to your being chosen to preside over this Assembly —a very wise choice indeed—is a tribute to your great country, which has contributed to the development of the history of free nations a tradition of peace that serves as an example for the legal community that we constitute, a country which has always commanded respect and admiration from all corners of the world.

逆译

1. There are several reasons why he (Kissinger) no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would

admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.

2Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.

3.They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.

4.Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear-arms race had founded on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal.

5

A student of mathematics must become familiar with all the signs and symbols commonly used in mathematics and bear them in mind firmly, and be well versed in the definitions, formulas as well as the technical terms in the field of mathematics, in order that he may be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study.

综合

1People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.

人们都害怕离开他们的家，尽管警察已经接到命令,要作好准备以处理紧急情况，但警察也和其他人一样的困惑和无助。

3.I must say that his statement was laudable for its frankness and quite plausible on the basis of premises which, I’m afraid, are invalid in the context of the United Nations Charter.

我不得不说我必须说他的声明是值得称赞的，因其坦率，以及建立在相对真实的基础上，虽然这个基础在《联合国宪章》的背景下可能是无效的

4.

Taking his cue from Ibsen's A Doll's House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband's treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.

5Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.

嵌套式定语从句

1.Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomenan.

社会学科是知识探索的一个分支，它致力于研究人类及其所作所为，使用和自然科学家研究自然现象一样的理性的，有序的，系统的，冷静的方式。

2.On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner （which is parallel to the links（journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news））.

另一方面，它以一种平行于记者在报道和评论新闻时在日常事实上造假的方式与日常关系概念相连。

同位语&同位语从句

1【.Being interested in the relationship of language and thought】, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

Whorf对语言与思维关系很感兴趣，随即提出了社会中语言结构决定习惯思维的主张。

2.But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

但是记者必须比普通市民对法律有更深刻理解的主张在于对既成惯例的理解和对新闻媒体的特殊责任。

3.In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful; groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.

欧洲和其他地方一样，多媒体集团越来越成功，这些团体把相互关系的电视、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了另一个地方。

状语从句

While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.

律师们的评论和回应也许能增强新闻报道，但是对记者来说依靠他们对重要性的理念做出自己的决定才是最可取的。

2.Until these issues are resolved a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

这些问题不被被解决，行为的科学将会继续被排斥，这也将可能是解决我们问题的唯一方法。

动宾分隔

1.I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底的)way about moral problem。

我把他定义为这样一个人，他把用苏格拉底方式思考道德问题作为首要责任和生活的乐趣。

2.We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.

在我们长期考虑的广泛的教育过程下，我们去区分更正式的教育方式，那就是直接的指导和教学。

后置定语

1.The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years

ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.

自然选择的作用仅仅在一百年钱形成，环境在塑造和维持个人行为的选择作用仅仅开始被认识和研究。

2.He asserted, also, that his power (to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought) was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.

他也断言：他去追随长期而纯粹地抽象思维的力量是有限的，因为他确切的感受到他用不会再数学方面成功。

分词

1.Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

而且，人类有能力改变他们居住的环境，因此让其他所有的生命屈服于他们的奇特想法和想象。

2.The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

强调收集第一手资料，结合对过去和现在文化的分析的跨文化视角，使得这个研究成为独特唯一的重要的学科。

3.Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

Tylor把文化定义为,“文化是包括信仰，艺术，道德，法律，风俗和其他人类作为一个社会成员所必须的能力和习惯”。

被动语态

1. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.

行为科学变化缓慢，部分原因在于似乎能直接观察出解释，并且部分原因在于找不到它的其他解释。

It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motives.

可以说任何社会机制的价值举措在于它在扩大和提高经验的影响上，但这种影响不是原始动机的一部分。

3.Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

只有当这种制度的副产品被逐渐注意，并且在制度过程中被考虑为直接因素的影响要更慢注意到。