外文翻译---电子书成名的技术性分析

附录2：中英文文献互译

Technical analysis of e-books to become famous

The future of electronic books to complete, the key is to improve the display device, it looked more comfortable. If the solution of this problem, coupled with the portable e-book, environmental protection, information, and content can be updated and many other advantages, to replace the paper book is entirely possible.

Market sales of a book - Chris Anderson's "long tail" theory, although this is to introduce a new economics book, but future technology trends and the influence of a hint. The author mentioned that only a purely digital product can be in full possession of the entire tail. Although the book does not specify, but hinted that all future products can be digitized will be towards the development trend of digital. Apple mp3 music download service, Google search services can, of course, do this, but it is impossible Amazon books into electronic publications. However, in July 2008 the Chinese book market in the 13-year battle Bertelsmann book club feel that the entire debacle is the development of paper-based books are facing the dilemma.

E-book of civilization and cultural heritage as an important tool in many areas has been replaced by paper-based media. Paper-based media to a large extent the decline in readership because of a large number of readers from paper-based media attention turned to electronic books. Although sales of the electronic book market is not far when compared with the traditional book market, but the strong momentum of development. We can in the subway, buses and other public occasions to see more and more young people using mobile phones, PSP, such as reading, and reading is universal cell phone. With the mobile phone features, capacity, rising penetration, combined with easy to confirm the identity of mobile phone users, to facilitate payment, cell phone to read the entire e-book market continue to expand the share, more and more people are gradually accustomed to the use of mobile phone to read .

It was published in April 2006 the "fourth national reading survey nationals", online readership in 1999 from 3.7% of the rapid growth in 2005 to 27.8 percent average annual growth rate of 107%. With the network technology and the development of information technology, it is increasingly used to search for information from the Internet to read up the use of electronic reader gradually into the life of the general public, the impact of people over the years 2000 to read the traditional paper-based habits. Readers from the "paper reading" to "e-reading" of the

restructuring, the information industry from the traditional paper-based publishing model to network model has become the trend of the times in transition.

Most people are now more willing to read the paper books, in addition to the customary factors, the main display device or the computer is completely unable to achieve a comfortable level. The reason why we can see the words on paper, not because the text itself can be luminous, but the reflected light in the retina of the results of imaging; the other hand, we used almost all display devices are active light source, is the use of transmission imaging. This transmitted light stimulation of the eyes has been affected by the reading of our comfort. This difference in the intensity of stimulation, but also it was pointed out that LCD monitors than CRT will easily cause the main basis for visual fatigue.

Therefore, the next book will be fully electronic, the key is to improve the display device, it looked more comfortable. If the solution of this problem, coupled with the portable e-book, environmental protection, information, and content can be updated and many other advantages, to replace the paper book is entirely possible.

This is the application of software called Fuxin PDF Software Company’s two

e-books do, with our traditional book almost the size of 32k, the left 215 grams, can be brought 1GSD card, storing more than 3000 books. The right to Panasonic's MPEG-4 animation player (SD-Video) and AAC (SD-Audio) format of music, can support 8MB ~ 2GB of SD card to expand capacity, while the 256MB of SD card can store about 200 books, both offer online e-books is now about 2,000, and the feeling of reading a paper book with the same visual discomfort, I believe few years everyone will have their own handheld library.

Fuxin Reader software is quite good, do not install after downloading,

double-click directly on the PDF format can be directly read the file, very fast, there is no plug-ins, a total of less than 3M size, no wonder that the software can be put on such a small electronic book.

Electronic reading How far away from us? On recently published scientific research institute of China issued a "national reading the fifth national survey" As a result, the report said the rate of people reading the first time in the past 5 years, bottomed, and the result of this One of the most important factor in the outcome is the popularity of digital books. Let us not pollute the environment paper that is not conducive to our environmental protection and consumer, we do not have it every day the number of forest resources, is looking at our students every day carrying a bag like sacks of which parents are not looking in the eyes, pain in my heart? Electronic

reading subtle changes are our reading habits, e-books to replace the paper books has become an irresistible trend.

E-books and paper text books are all carrying the tools, but the two carriers as a result of differences in the use, sale, production, etc. also show some differences, which eventually led to the different characteristics of their respective markets. Tracing to its source, e-books compared to paper-based books have the following different aspects:

Storage medium

E-book is essentially a section of digital information; it can be stored in any digital storage device, such as the hard disk, U disk, CD-ROMs, mobile phone memory card, PSP and so on. Will be a library of all books into the e-books, can be easily placed in a small cell phone memory card.

To show the way

Read e-books must be used with digital display devices, such as personal computers, notebook computers, smart phones, PSP and so on, must have the support of electricity, which is e-books than paper books and reading experience in the use of the advantages of local. With the function of these digital devices continues to strengthen the market further popularization of e-book can show the contents of the dynamic changes, to quickly retrieve the advantages of portable will ultimately experience in the use and reading more than the advantages of paper books.

Volume production

Consumption of paper-based books to use as a carrier of the paper, the need for mass production of typesetting, printing, binding, consume a large amount of resources, time and manpower. Batch production of electronic books only electronic copies of digital information, the consumption of resources, time and human cost is almost negligible. However, e-books easier to reproduce such features also make piracy of its more serious than paper books.

Network Communications

E-book can be used in addition to traditional distribution channels, but also can be spread in the digital network, such as the Internet, Wap networks. The issuance of paper books is a multi-level operating system; the need to transport, place, personnel support, and e-books there is no geographic, transportation, manpower, places restrictions on the structure of a flat.

Sales model

Electronic money, Internet banking, mobile payment enabled the emergence of

e-book sales could be breakthrough in place, time, manpower restrictions at any time, while the paper book is the ultimate one-class distribution network to sell in bookstores. Buy e-books, some equipment, technical requirements, and the purchase of paper books is not the existence of such restrictions, which resulted in reading e-books and paper books to read different people. Relatively speaking, the e-book readers more young and more computer and network knowledge, the network of the popular fantasy fiction that is a case in point.

Market space

Although e-books have many advantages, but today China's e-book market than the traditional paper book is much less, the reasons in the following areas: First, networks, information industry, while the rapid development, it is still not universal, E-books relatively limited group of users; second is the formation of readers has long been accustomed to reading books on paper still needs a lot of reading; Third, low-cost e-book price low, the industry is still no uniform industry standard , flat structure of the issue makes e-book dealer market space overlap; Fourth, the issue of pirated e-book makes the issue far below the issue of profit margins of paper books.

Looking at China's 2007 book market, the traditional paper books and e-book each other, to bring readers a richer spiritual food. Due to the traditional paper books and e-book reading groups differ, the two hot spots are similar to reading more different, as the first television transmission through a better awareness of the public to obtain a paper-based books and E-book double harvest; a network from the original, it can be said is the origin of e-book form of the "Ming Dynasty those things," published in the traditional put readers also greatly welcome, the former four cumulative sales have been 2,000,000 breakthrough. It can be expected, e-books and paper books will be in a very long time to co-exist.

A bookcase full of paper books may not be able to read, but look at the cupboard full of books, it seems that there is a sense of satisfaction; dozens of e-books downloaded G, filled with a hard drive, burn to DVD-R, the for many years but it may not be able to read, not only the lack of job satisfaction, but have had a psychological burden.

Paper book is purchased, to Amoy, and took up the book, often reminiscent of the scene at the time of books, is also a Fun; e-book is downloaded, although it can be said is "Amoy" to the (View FTP server directory to find one), but I felt the number of odor too feel a bit cold.

Book paper space, but you can see in many places, such as car and toilet, the

pillow; e-books can only exist because the computer (mobile phone, PDA and a dedicated e-book reader except for), look at the total time to sat and can not "hand roll."

Transmission inconvenience paper books, generally by mail or go to bookstores to buy, time-consuming and laborious; e-book you can quickly transfer email, etc...

翻译：

电子书成名的技术性分析

未来的书籍要完全电子化，关键是要改进显示设备，让人看着更舒服。如果解决了这一问题，再加上电子书便携、环保、信息量大、内容可更新等诸多优势，取代纸质书是完全有可能的。

市场热销的一本书——Chris Anderson 的《长尾理论》，虽然这是一本介绍新经济学的书，却对未来技术的趋势和影响做了暗示。作者提到，只有纯数字产品，才有可能完全拥有整个长尾。书中虽然没有明确指出，却暗示将来所有的可以数字化的产品都会朝纯数字发展的趋势。苹果的mp3音乐下载服务、Google 的搜索服务当然可以做到这一点，但Amazon的书籍是不可能都变成电子出版物的。然而，2008年7月份在中国图书市场征战13年的贝塔斯曼书友会的全线溃败使人感觉到纸质图书发展面临的窘境。

电子图书作为文明和文化传承的重要工具，已经在很多领域取代纸质媒体。纸质媒体阅读率的下降很大程度上是因为广大读者将注意力从纸质媒体转向了电子类读物。虽然电子图书市场销售额远远不能同传统图书市场相比，但发展势头强劲。我们可以在地铁、巴士等公共场合看到越来越多的年轻人在用手机、PSP 等阅读，而且手机阅读正在普及。随着手机功能、容量、普及率的不断上升，加之手机用户身份易于确认，付款方便，手机阅读在整个电子图书市场中的份额持续扩大，越来越多的人逐渐习惯于使用手机进行阅读。

据2006年4月公布的“第四次全国国民阅读调查”，网上阅读率从1999年的3.7%迅速增长到2005年27.8%，年平均增长率为107%。随着网络技术和信息技术的发展，人们越来越习惯于从互联网上来搜索信息阅读使用，电子阅读渐渐地走入了普通大众的生活，冲击着人们2000多年来纸质阅读传统的习惯。读者从“纸质阅读”到“电子阅读”的转型，信息产业由传统纸质出版模式向网络模式转型已成为大势所趋。

大多数人现在之所更愿意看纸质的书籍，除了习惯的因素以外，主要还是计算机显示设备无法达到令人完全舒适的地步。我们之所以能看到纸上的字，并不是因为文字本身能发光，而是反射光在视网膜上成像的结果;另一方面，我们用的几乎所有显示设备，都是主动光源，是利用透射成像的。这些透射光对眼睛的

刺激，大大影响了我们看书的舒适程度。这种刺激的强度差异，也是有人指出液晶显示器比CRT显示器更容易引起视觉疲劳的主要依据。

因此，未来的书籍要完全电子化，关键是要改进显示设备，让人看着更舒服。如果解决了这一问题，再加上电子书便携、环保、信息量大、内容可更新等诸多优势，取代纸质书是完全有可能的。

这是应用一个叫福昕软件的公司的PDF软件做的两款电子书，跟我们传统的32k书差不多大小，左边的215克，可带1GSD卡，储存超过3000本书。右边松下公司的这款能够播放MPEG-4动画(SD-Video)和AAC(SD-Audio)格式的音乐，可以支持8MB～2GB的SD卡扩充容量，而256MB的SD卡可以存储大约200册书籍，这两款电子书网上的报价现在是2000元左右，而且阅读的感觉跟纸质图书视觉效果一样舒服，相信用不了几年人人都可以拥有自己的掌上图书馆。

福昕软件的阅读器相当不错，下载后不用安装，直接双击就可以直接阅读pdf格式的文件，非常快，没有任何插件，总共不到3M大小，怪不得该软件可以放到这么小的电子书里面。

电子阅读离我们还有多远?就在近日，中国出版科学研究所发布了“第五次全国国民阅读调查”结果，报告中称，国人读书率在近5年内首次止跌，而造成这一结果的最主要因素便是数字化图书的普及。且不说造纸污染环境，有碍我们的环保，也不用说它每天消费我们多少森林资源，单是看着我们小学生每天背着的麻袋似的书包，哪个家长不是看在眼里，疼在心里?电子阅读正在潜移默化的改变着我们的阅读习惯，电子书取代纸质图书已是大势所趋。

电子图书和纸质图书虽然都是承载文字的工具，但是由于两者的载体不同，在使用、销售、制作等方面也表现出一定的差异性，最终导致各自市场特性的大相径庭。追根溯源，电子图书相比纸质图书有以下几个方面的不同：存储介质

电子图书本质上是一段数字化的信息，它可以存储在任何具有存储功能的数字化器件里，如硬盘、U盘、光盘、手机存储卡、PSP等。将一家图书馆里的所有图书制作成的电子书，可以很轻松地放置在小小的手机存储卡里。

展现方式

读取电子图书必须使用具有显示功能的数字化设备，比如个人电脑、笔记本电脑、智能手机、PSP等，必须有电力的支持，这也是纸质图书比电子图书在使用和阅读体验上具有优势的地方。随着以上这些数字设备功能的不断增强、市场的进一步普及，电子图书可以展现动态变化的内容、能够快速检索、便于携带的优点最终会在使用和阅读体验上比纸质图书更具优势。

批量制作

纸质图书使用消耗性的纸张作为载体，批量制作需要排版、印刷、装订，消

耗大量的资源、时间和人力。电子图书批量制作只是电子化的数字信息的拷贝，其消耗的资源、时间和人力成本几乎可以忽略。可是，电子图书这种更易于复制的特性也使得其盗版情况比纸质图书更加严重。

网络传播

电子图书除了可以利用传统的发行渠道外，还可以在数字网络中传播，比如Internet、Wap网络等。纸质图书的发行是一个多级的营运体系，需要运输、场所、人员的配合，而电子图书没有地域、运输、人力、场所的限制，是一个扁平的结构。

销售模式

电子货币、网上银行、手机支付的出现使得电子图书的销售可以突破场所、时间、人力的限制随时进行，而纸质图书是通过一级级发行网络最终在书店进行销售。购买电子图书有一些设备、技术上的要求，而购买纸质图书则不存在这样的限制，这也造成了阅读电子图书和阅读纸质图书人群上的不同。相对而言，电子图书的读者更加年轻、拥有更多的计算机、网络知识，网络上玄幻小说类的火爆即是一个明证。

市场空间

虽然电子图书拥有诸多的优势，但今天中国的电子图书市场规模却比传统的纸质图书小得多，原因在以下几个方面：一是网络、信息产业虽然在飞速发展，但仍然不够普及，电子图书的用户群体相对有限；二是读者长久以来形成的阅读习惯使其对纸质图书仍然有很大的阅读需求；三是电子图书成本低，售价也低，行业尚没有统一的行业标准，扁平化的发行结构使得电子图书经销商的市场空间重叠；四是盗版问题使得发行电子图书的利润空间远低于发行纸质图书的利润空间。

综观2007年的中国图书市场，传统纸书与电子图书交相辉映，给广大读者带来了更加丰富的精神食粮。由于电子图书和传统纸书的阅读人群有所区别，两者的阅读热点有相似更有不同之处，由于最先通过电视传播获得了较好的大众认知度，从而获得了纸质图书和电子图书的双丰收；一部源于网络原创，可以说是以电子图书的形式起源的《明朝那些事儿》，在付诸传统出版后也大受读者欢迎，前４册的累计销量已突破200万册。可以预计，电子图书和纸质图书将在很长一段时间内并存。

纸质书塞满了书橱，可能看不完，但看看满橱的书，似乎也有一种满足感；电子书下载了几十个G，塞满了硬盘，刻录到DVD－R上，但可能好多年也看不完，不但没有满足感，反倒产生了心理负担。

纸质书是买来的，淘来的，拿起一本书，常常可以联想起买书时的情景，也是一趣；电子书是下载的，虽然也可以说是“淘”来的（检视FTP服务器上的一

个个目录而找到），但总觉数字化气味太重，有点冷冰冰的感觉。

纸质书占空间，但是可以在很多地方看，比如车上、厕上、枕上；电子书因为只能存在电脑里（手机，PDA和专用的电子书阅读器除外），看的时候总要正襟危坐，不能“手执一卷”。

纸质书传输不便，一般要通过邮寄或者去书店购买，费时费力；电子书则可以通过Email等方式快速传输。