高考英语作文概要写作练习附参考习作

Summary Writing（一）When you think of the Arctic (北极), you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on Earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic trash, and now, CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn.”German scientists have recently found microplastics (微塑料) in Arctic snow, the Associated Press reported. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1,800 pieces of microplastic per liter of snow.How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It’s readily apparent (显然的) that the majority of the microplastics in the snow comes from the air.” They fall off of plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in. An even higher amount of microplastic was found in the snow around cities.The high concentrations (浓度) found in snow samples (样本) suggest microplastics, which contain rubber or chemicals used in synthetic fabrics (合成纤维), may cause significant air pollution.Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the WorldHe alth Organization. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlie r studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk, heightening the need to further assess (评估) the risks of taking them in, the study said.Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Previous research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, damaging ecosystems (生态系统) along the way. They start in our wastewater when we wash clothes with plastic fibers. The wastewater then flows into rivers and out to sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.Summary writing 概要写作：Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.【文章分析】该篇文章讲述了科学家在北极的雪中发现了微塑料，并解释了北极微塑料从何而来，以及可能造成的影响。

【写作建议】这篇文章是一篇科普类说明文。

首先以一项最新的研究发现引入，表明北极被“微塑料雪”污染，由此作者分析了微塑料从何而来，并点明它对空气、海洋河流以及人类健康的可能影响。

写概要之前要仔细分析段落之间的关系，看清全文的主线，列出文章的逻辑结构。

同时要注意详略得当，突出重点。

例如微塑料的成分、具体如何形成可省略不写。

参考答案：Microplastics have been found in Arctic snow by German scientists. The majority of them come from the air. But their higher concentrations are found in snow around cities, which may lead to air pollution. In addition, if the plastics are small enough, they can be taken into our bodies, which may increase the risk of lung cancer. Previous studies also found that microplastics in rivers and oceans damage ecosystems, meaning we may be eating the plastic when we eat sea animals..(二)When you think of the Arctic (北极), you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on Earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic trash, and now, CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn.”German scientists have recently found microplastics (微塑料) in Arctic snow, the Associated Press reported. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1,800 pieces of microplastic per liter of snow.How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It’s readily apparent (显然的) that the majority of the microplastics in the snow comes from the air.” They fall off of plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in. An even higher amount of microplastic was found in the snow around cities.The high concentrations (浓度) found in snow samples (样本) suggest microplastics, which contain rubber or chemicals used in synthetic fabrics (合成纤维), may cause significant air pollution.Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the World Health Organization. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk, heightening the need to further assess (评估) the risks of taking them in, the study said.Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Previous research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, damaging ecosystems (生态系统) along the way. They start in our wastewater when we wash clothes with plastic fibers. The wastewater then flows into rivers and out to sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.S ummary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.（三）My son Leon’s passion for surfing began at the age of 13. Before and after school each day, he put on his wetsuit, picked up his companion, swam out beyond the surf line and waited to be challenged by his three- to six-foot friends.One afternoon, the lifeguard (救生员) reported over the phone to my husband Wilson that Leon’s eye was badly injured by his board.Wilson rushed him to the emergency room. He received 26 stitches (缝针) from the corner of his eye to the bridge of his nose.I was on an airplane flying home from a speaking engagement (安排) while Leon’s eye wasbeing stitched. Wilson drove directly to the airport after they left the doctor’s office. He greeted me at the gate and told me Leon was waiting in the car.“Leon?” I questioned. I remember thinki ng the waves must have been bad that day.“He’s been in an accident, but he’s going to be fine.”A traveling working mother’s worst nightmare (噩梦) had come true. I ran to the car so fast that the heel of my shoe broke off. I swung open the door to see that my youngest son had a patch (眼罩) over his eye and was leaning (倾斜) toward me crying, “Oh, Ma, I’m so glad you’re home.”I cried in his arms telling him how awful I felt about not being there when the lifeguard called. “It’s okay, Mom,” he comforted me. “You don’t know how to surf anyway.”“What?” I asked, confused by his logic.“I’ll be fine. The doctor says I can go back in the water in eight days.”I wanted to tell him he wasn’t allowed to go near water again until he was 35, but instead, I bit my tongue and hoped he would forget about surfing.For the next seven days, he kept pressing me to let him surf again. One day after I had repeated “No” to him for the 100th time, he beat me at my own game.“Mom, you taught us never to give up what we love.”I gave in. Back then, Leon was just a boy with a passion for surfing. Now, he’s a man with a responsibility. He ranks among the top 25 professional surfers in the world.Passionate people embrace what they love and never give up.S ummary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案：My son Leon loved surfing from 13 and would surf every day. One day he was badly injured by his board. But he still held on to his passion and persuaded me by pointing out that I had taught him not to give up on what we love. Now he is a great surfer. Passionate people never give up on what they love.(四)I spent one Sunday afternoon helping my friend put together the ice hockey (冰球) net he’d just bought for his kids. Done, we stood back and admired the precision (精密度) design. Although my childhood friends and I would’ve loved such a net, there is a lot to be said for the way we had to improvise (临时变动) our hockey games.Improvising goal nets with what we could find made us inventive, taught us leadership and teamwork and was fun and joyful.Most often we used boots (靴子). Each goal was marked by two boots spaced as equally apart as we could manage. The trouble was that they often went sliding when the puck (冰球运动用球) hit them hard enough. Those moments were exciting, as the goalie (守门员) had to chase a bootthat had moved, and reset it quickly, or risk someone taking advantage and scoring a goal. And we also had to keep our eyes peeled for the occasional dishonest goalie who might move the boots closer together.This situation led to discussions and arguments over what might or might not have been a goal, but we improved our debating skills in these negotiations, and learned to stand up to kids who wanted to dominate (控制) everyone else. Inevitably (不可避免地), the number of competitors would thin out as moms called them home for supper.This was the best time. After the hours of play, we were sweaty, red-faced, wet and dirty. Players had to be traded to keep the teams even, but we managed the adjustments well. No time to waste now, since soon it would be dark. We joined our new team no questions asked, just taking the position on the ice the captain pointed us to. Enemies became friends. Another valuable life lesson learned, and no teacher or parent anywhere to be seen.With fewer players on the ice, there was more space to freewheel. This was a magical time. Virtually (几乎) no rules, no stoppages in play.We are often asked to identify goals that are specific and measurable. The net we put together for my friends’ kids might be like that.But I’ll raise a stick to imprecise goals, to playing under a starry sky with boots as goalposts (门柱). Here’s to goals that are boundless.Summary writing 概要写作：Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案：When I helped put together the ice hockey net for my friend’s kids, I thought about playing ice hockey when I was a child. We didn’t have a net so we used boots as goalposts. Because the boots moved during the game there were arguments and discussions. This improved our debating skills and gave us the courage to stand up for ourselves. Many aspects of our ice hockey games taught us to adjust and work as a team.。