翻译理论与实践考试试卷
翻译理论与实践考试试卷 I. Alternative Choice: 15 % 1. There is a lot of luck in drilli ng for oil. The drill may just miss the oil although it is n ear.
译文A :石油钻探很大程度上要靠运气。 哪怕钻机打到石油边上，也可能找不到 石油。
译文B:钻探石油有很大的运气，即使钻机就在附近也有可能错过石油。 2.1 have no manners whatsoever. If I feel like it, I eat with my fin gers, or out of a can, or sta nding up---in other words, whichever is easiest.
译文A:事实上我没有任何规矩，如果我觉得喜欢，我就用手指吃，或用罐头吃， 或站着吃一一换句话说，看那种吃法最容易。
译文B:我实在是一点规矩也没有。只要觉得合适，我可用手抓着吃，直接拿着 罐头吃，或是站着吃：反正怎么省事就怎么吃。
3.过去的一年•全国人民团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得重大成就。
译文 A: In the past, the Chinese people worked hard with a united and pioneering spirit, achieving great success in the drive for socialist modernization.
译文 B: In the last year, the Chinese people united and worked hard, pioneered and forged ahead, and made great achievements in the cause of China ' s socialist moder ni zatio n.
4. 直到下半天，寻来寻去寻到山坳里，看见刺柴上挂着他的一只小鞋。大家都
说，糟了，怕是遭了狼了! 译文 A: Not un til that after noon, after searched everywhere, did they find a small shoe of his hanging on the bramble. Everybody said that it was too bad! He was likely to meet with a wolf!
译文 B: Not un til that after noon, after tryi ng any where possible in the mountains, did they find a small shoe of his hanging on the bramble. Whe n see ing this, everybody there realized that something bad must have happened ------------------------ he was killed by a wolf!
5. 农民增加了对农业的投资，这样相对减少了国家对农业的直接投资。
译文 A: The peasa nts have in creased their inv estme nt in agriculture. This has relatively reduced direct investment in agriculture by the state.
译文 B: In creased peasa nt inv estme nt in agriculture means relatively less direct investment in agriculture by the state.
II. Improve the followi ng Tran slati ons: 15% 1. The shore line unobtrusively divided into low islands fringed with black lava boulders and overgrown
with jungle and the grey-green water slips in between.
译文：河岸线不明显地被划分为低矮的小岛，岛的四周是巨大的黑色熔岩， 岛上丛林茂密，暗绿的河水缓流其间。
2. 中华民族文化历史悠久，起源很早，内容极为丰富，是东方文明的主要
组成部分，早在上古时期就已是人类文化的一个独立典型。 译文： As an important component of Oriental civilization, the Chinese culture has a long history with an early orig in and a rich con ten t. It was an in depe ndent model in human culture early in the ancient times.
3. 琼岛东北部有 琼岛春阴”碑，为1751年建立。
译文：There is a stone tablet called Qiong Dao Chun Yin” in the northeast part of the Qion gdao Isla nd, which was set up in 1751. III. Tran slate the un derl ined parts into Chin ese: 40% Fame is much like an ani mal chas ing its own tail who, whe n he captures it, does not know what else to do but to con ti nue chas ing it. Fame and the exhilarati ng celebrity that accompanies it, force the famous person to participate in his or her own destruction. Ironic isn ' t it?
Those who gain fame most ofte n gain it as a result of process ing a single tale nt or skill: singing, dancing, pain ti ng, or writi ng, etc. The successful performer develops a style that is marked aggressively and gains some popularity, and it is this popularity that usually convin ces the performer to continue perform ing in the same style, since that is what the public seems to want and to enjoy. But in time, the performer becomes bored singing the same songs in the same way year after year, or the painter becomes bored pain ti ng similar see nes or portraits, or the actor is tired of play ing the same character repeatedly. The dema nd of the public holds the artist hostage to his or her own success, fame. If the artist attempts to cha nge his or her style of writi ng or dancing or singing, etc, the audie nee may turn away and look to confe赠予 fleeting （飞逝的、短暂的）fickle（无常的、浮躁的）fame on another and then, in time, on ano ther, and so on and so on. （注：可查字典，词义自定）
IV. Tran slate the follow ing into En glish: 30% 没有盼头的日子是苍白不可想象的，人，得天天有点什么盼头，生活才不至 于暗淡。有了盼头，会觉得太阳每天都是新的，不管是望梅止渴，还是画饼充饥， 它都会激励你不停手中的桨，去追逐哪怕一星微小的火光。
土地去掉水分，就成了沙漠；人没了盼，还剩什么？小盼头支撑人的一天， 大盼头支撑人的一生。
人是决不能没有盼头的。 （注：可查字典，词义自定） II. Improve the followi ng Tran slati ons: 15% 1. 河岸线界限不明，划分为座座低矮的小岛， 暗绿的河水缓流其间。岛上
丛林茂密，大片乌黑的熔岩 裸露于四周贴水一线。（拆译+语序） 2. As an important component of Oriental civilization, the Chineseculture is rich and well-established with a long history , distinguished from ancient times
by its characteristics in human culture.（结构 + 选词用字）
3. In the no rtheast part of the Qion gdao Isla nd sta nds a stone tablet, set up in 1751, which was en graved with 4 Chin ese charactersQiong Dao Chu n Yin ”（Spring shades on the Qiongdao Island）（文化内容的处理）
翻译理论与实践3
3.He has a strong dislike for the sentimental. 他非常讨厌多愁善感无病呻吟。 4.During his visit to China, the Korean foreign minister conferred with his Chinese counterpart a number of times. 在中国访问期间，韩国外交部长与中国外交部长举行了 数次会谈。 5. Potatoes are an important source of starchy food in temperate countries and bananas in tropics. 马铃薯是温带国家淀粉食物的重要来源，香蕉则是热带 地区淀粉食物的重要来源。
英语往往运用词形变化，连接词、介词、 定于从句和独立主格表示成分之间各种语法关 系，句子外形很严谨；汉语由于没有词形变化、 定语从句和独立主格，连接词和介词也比英语 少很多，所以往往用隐性连贯方法来表示各种 语法关系，句子外形比较松散、自由。
对策： 英译汉：多运用汉语的动词，少用连接词，有时可以 不译连接词；介词短语、定语从句和独立主格等在大 多数情况下都被译为短语或分句 [例3]Come and see me tomorrow. [译文]明天来看我。 [例4]He is the last person for such a job. [译文]他最不适于担任这项工作。
[例8]他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想 是每个中国人所珍爱的。在过去，许多中国人 曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命 [译文]They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
汉英英汉翻译理论与实践
Clinton is the first black president .克林顿是第一个重视黑人权益的总统Clinton is the first woman president.克林顿是第一个重视妇女权益的总统1. We want to buy quality steel.我们要买高质量的钢材。
2. I am pleased to be here to offer a U.S. business perspective on one of today’s great quality ch allenges: building a high skills/high wage workforce. 我很高兴能来此介绍一下美国商界对当今我们在素质方面所面临的挑战的看法，这项挑战就是如何建立一支高技术，高薪金的劳动队伍。
3. The president now is on a poverty tour.总统目前正在访问贫困地区。
4. noise abatement procedures. 抑制噪声的措施5. She is on her listening tour of New York.她正在纽约巡回访问，听取群众的意见。
6. Professor Smith is leaving the school. That is a stupid loss.史密斯教授要离开学校了。
这个损失实在是不明智才造成的。
7. The kiss represents the symbolic loss of the most famous American child. 那轻轻的一吻是一个象征，代表这个美国著名的孩子已经长大成人了。
Criminal law 刑法；Criminal layer专门处理刑事案件的律师；Criminal attack构成犯罪的攻击；criminally insane 形式法庭鉴定为患有精神病This is a thought-provokingly different explanation . 这个解释完全不同，但却很能给人启发。
翻译理论与实践练习
oilskin 油布good seats好票fish-wife 卖鱼女table knife 餐刀white day 吉日smell a rat怀疑red meat牛羊肉blue coat 警察red-cap 搬运服务人员bull’s eye靶心mad doctor 精神病医生dogear折角familiar talk 庸俗的交谈pull up one ’s socks鼓起勇气husband-like善于管理农活的cock-and-bull story无稽之谈bite the thumbs at 对...嗤之以鼻twice-told tale老掉牙的故事divorce lawyer办理离婚案件的律师yellow book黄皮书白菜：Chinese cabbage; 密码：password;手机：mobile phone; 救火：to fight a fire;大片：blockbuster; 早恋：puppy love;青春痘：acne; 蝴蝶结：bowknot;长镜头：zoom lens; 方便面：instant noodles;牛仔裤：jeans; 不冻港：ice-free port;隐形眼镜：contact lenses; 流动资金：working capital;新闻自由：freedom of press; 买一赠一：buy one, get one free;省吃俭用：to live frugally; 高等教育: higher education.有喜：be pregnant 三角债：debt chains, chain debts, inter-company debts 打白条：issue IOUs 夫妻老婆店：mom-and-pop store红茶：black tea 黄色电影：blue film(广播，电视)黄金时间：prime time1）cannot ... tooIt cannot be too much emphasized that agriculture is the foundation of national economy. 应尽量强调农业是国民经济的基础。
慕课江西财经大学翻译理论与实践
慕课江西财经大学翻译理论与实践第一章 1.1翻译的定义1.翻译就是指翻译行为。
（错）2.翻译按其工作方式分为口译和笔译。
（对）3.翻译还包括非言语符号翻译。
（对）4.翻译既是一门艺术，也是一门科学。
（对）1.2翻译的标准1.不同学者提出了不同的翻译标准。
（对）2.作为翻译标准的“信、达、雅”是严复提的。
（对）3.奈达提出等值翻译标准。
（对）4.傅雷提出了“神似”的翻译标准。
（对）1.3直译和意译1.直译和意译是最常用的两种翻译方法。
（对）2.直译是一种既重原文内容又重原文形式的翻译方法。
（对）3.所谓意译，指忠实于原文内容而不拘泥于原文句型结构、语法形式和修辞手法的翻译方法。
（对）1.4零译和加注法1.自从有翻译活动，就存在零翻译现象。
（对）2.零翻译亦称原形转译,是将原语符号原封不动地转入译语的特殊转译方式，所译对象包括语言符号和非语言符号。
（对）3.零翻译通常包括缩略语零翻译、词语零翻译、语句零翻译和语篇零翻译。
（对）1.5形译和解释性翻译1.形译，也称像译，指翻译时通过具体形象直接表达原义，实物形状由译语文字直接显示或由译语词语的主要义素间接显示（对）2.所谓字形翻译，是指原语的字形被等值的译语字形所替换。
（对）3.释义法实际上是一种意译法。
它是指抛弃原文的具体语言表达形式，采用解释性的方式来翻译原文的意思。
（对）1.6音译原则1.音译，顾名思义，就是照着原文的读音翻译。
（对）2.词语音译有利也有弊。
（对）3.有些缩略词语音译，具有用词精简而又指意明确的效果。
（对）慕课单元作业 1翻译下列句子，注意一词多义。
1.a soft aboveground launching site2.The record has been considered soft ever since it was set last May.3.The landing must be super-soft, made at a velocity of 18 miles or so an hour.4.Marijuanna is usually regarded as a soft drug.5.At this stage there is only soft intelligence about the enemy intention. We should not shoot him from the hip.6. It is not right for children to sit up late.7. The plane was right above our heads.8. In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed.9.She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.10. He is ill; that accounts for his absence.1.无坚固掩体的地面发射基地2.自从去年五月创造了这个纪录以来，这个纪录被认为是很容易被打破的。
《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程练习及答案
一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲“翻译”溯源第2讲翻译的本质第3讲翻译的标准第4讲翻译面面观第5讲翻译必有“失”/ 失于此而得于彼（两讲合并）第6讲翻译与联想第7讲翻译与语法第8讲翻译与语体第9讲翻译与语篇第10讲英汉十大差异第11讲形合与意合第12讲代词的困惑第13讲Connotation的翻译第14讲翻译与词典第15讲以“模糊”求精确第16讲落笔知轻重译文讲分寸第17讲翻译最难是口吻第18讲翻译与形象思维第19讲翻译与灵感思维第20讲英语修辞的翻译（包括连接三讲）第21讲翻译中的文化冲击第22讲思维是语言的脊梁（两讲合并）第23讲翻译美学之思考（两讲合并）二．汉英翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲汉译英呼唤文字功力第2讲语篇与翻译第3讲：英汉语美感比读（两讲合并）第4讲：理性概译：翻译之坦途第5讲：英语句式的亮点：非人称主语句（两讲合并）第6讲：汉译英有用的句型（两讲合并）第7讲：类析汉译英常见拙译（三讲合并）第8讲：从“湖光山色”的英译说开去（两讲合并）第9讲：Denotation和Connotation（两讲合并）第10讲：翻译，你的本质是什么？第11讲：归化与异化----汉语习语的英译一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之练习第1讲“翻译”溯源试将下列文字译成汉语：1/ Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969)2/ Translation may be defined as follows:The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)3/ A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. (A. F. Tytler: Essay on the Principles of Translation. 1791)参考译文1/ 所谓翻译，是在译语中用最切近的自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是文体。
翻译理论与实践[汉译英]汉译英-词的增补
![翻译理论与实践[汉译英]汉译英-词的增补](https://360docs-1393072327.cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com/7a51e40e10661ed9ad51f3bd.webp)
词的增补Ⅰ. Put the following sentences into English, paying attention to amplification.1.请把这张表填一下，填完给我。
2.要提倡顾全大局。
3.吃饭防噎，走路防跌。
4.送君千里，终有一别。
5.一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮。
6.天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。
7.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
8.理论联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。
9.天气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。
10.年满18岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。
Key: 1. Please fill in this form, and give it to me when you have finished. 增加必要的代词、连词、介词。
2. We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration. 增添必要的代词、冠词、背景词语。
3. While eating, take heed that you do not choke; while walking, take heed that you do not fall. 增添必要的代词、连词。
4. Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last. 增添必要的代词、冠词、连词。
5. A fence needs the support of three stakes, an able fellow needs the help of three other people. 增添必要的连词、介词、背景词语。
6. It was so cold that the river froze. 增添必要的连词、冠词。
7. While the prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns. 增添必要的连词、冠词。
英语专业期末考试翻译试题（4）,汉译英
英语专业期末考试翻译试题（4）,汉译英2011--2012学年翻译理论与实践期末考试题班级＿＿＿姓名＿＿＿学号＿＿＿Ⅰ、Translate the following phases into English(2point*5=10point) 1.一寸光阴一寸金__________________________________________________________ 2.归心似箭__________________________________________________________ 3.熟能生巧__________________________________________________________ 4.如鱼得水__________________________________________________________ 5.涸泽而渔__________________________________________________________ⅡTranslate the following sentences into English(5point*6=30point) 1. 横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 正月十五元宵夜，街上挂着各式各样精巧的灯笼。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 这家飞机该有多大的重量啊！它载着解放解放区人民的心。
《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》翻译实践及详解(Mayhew)【圣才出品】
17. MayhewCapri is a gaunt rock of austere outline, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give it a soft and easy grace①. It is friendly, remote, and debonair②. I find it strange that Mayhew should have settled on this lovely island, for I never knew a man more insensible to beauty. I do not know what he sought there, happiness, freedom, or merely leisure; I know what he found. In this place which appeals so extravagantly③to the senses he lived a life entirely of the spirit. For the island is rich with historic associations and over it broods always the enigmatic memory of Tiberius the Emperor. From his windows which overlooked the Bay of Naples, with the noble shape of Vesuvius changing color with the changing light, Mayhew saw a hundred places that recalled the Romans and Greeks. The past began to haunt④him. All that he saw for the first time, for he had never been abroad before, excited his fancy; and in his soul stirred the creative imagination⑤. He was a man of energy. Presently he made up his mind to write a history. For some time he looked about for a subject, and at last decided on the second century of the Roman Empire. It was little known and it seemed to him to offer problems analogous with those of our own day.He began to collect books and soon he had an immense library. His legal training had taught him to read quickly. He settled down to work. At first he had been accustomed to foregather in the evening with the painters, writers, and suchlike who met in the little tavern near the Piazza, but presently he withdrew himself, for his absorption in his studies became more pressing. He had been accustomed to bathe in that bland sea and to take long walks among the pleasant vineyards, but little by little, grudging the time, he ceased to do so⑥. He worked harder than he had ever worked in Detroit. He would start at noon and work all through the night till the whistle of the steamer that goes every morning from Capri to Naples told him that it was five o’clock and time to go to bed. His subject opened out before him, vaster and more significant⑦, and he imagined a work that would put him forever beside the great historians of the past. As the years went by he was to be found seldom in the ways of men. He could be tempted to come out of his house only by a game of chess or the chance of an argument. He loved to set his brain against another’s⑧. He was widely read now, not only on history, but in philosophy and science; and he was a skillful controversialist, quick, logical, and incisive⑨. But he had good-humor⑩and kindliness; though he took a very human pleasure in victory⑪, he did not exult in it to your mortification.By William S. Maugham 【参考译文】卡普里岛在深蓝色的大海中，远远望去仿佛是一块朴实无华的荒凉的岩石。
翻译理论与实践
Example 3
to gild (or paint) the lily
1.给百合花镀金 2.给百合花上色 3.花上贴金 4.花上添锦 5.锦上添花 6.画蛇添足 7.徒劳无益 8.多此一举
6
Two important tran. items
Source language-------s.l. 译出语 Target language--------t.l. 译入语
14
The characteristics of the Chinese language Differences in Word-formation
2) Even in Old Chinese in which word of single characters prevailed, as“和” (peace), “战”(war), instead of “和平” and “战争”. in Modern Chinese, they were a great number of disyllables. Modern Chinese has more and more disyllabic words substituted for monosyllabic ones. And in current Chinese polysyllabic words or words of two or more characters combined together, are ever increasing in number, in order to enrich the Chinese language to meet the growing demand of social and scientific development.
《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》翻译实践及详解(Has Democracy a Future)【圣才出品】
2. Has Democracy a Future?Back to the question: Has democracy a future? Yes, Virginia①, it does, but not the glorious future predicted in the triumphalist moment. Democracy has survived the twentieth century by the skin of its teeth②. It will not enjoy a free ride③through the century to come.In America, democracy must run a gauntlet of challenges. The most crucial is still Du Bois’ color line. Much depends on the availability of jobs, especially in the inner city④. If employment remains high, political action will mitigate racial tensions, particularly when minorities understand that in the longer run ethnic gerrymandering⑤will reduce, not increase, their influence. Tension will be mitigated even more by intermarriage. Sex—and love—between people of different creeds and colors can probably be counted on to arrest the disuniting of America.The national capacity to absorb and assimilate newcomers will remain powerful. The call of the mainstream will appeal far more than linguistic or ethnic ghettos, above all to the young⑥. English will continue as the dominant language. Indeed, in essentials the national character will be recognizably much as it has been for a couple of centuries. People seeking clues to the American mystery will still read, and quote, Toequeville.Technology will rush on according to Adams’ law of acceleration. But for all⑦the temptations of interactivity⑧and all the unpopularity of elected officials, I doubt that Americans will sanction the degradation⑨of representative democracy into a system of plebiscites. Capitalism too will careen on, through downs as well as ups, but laissez-faire ideology will probably wane as capitalists discover the range of troubles the unfettered market cannot solve, or makes worse. Unbridled capitalism, with low wages, long hours, and exploited workers, excites social resentment, revives class warfare, and infuses Marxism with new life. To move along constructive lines, capitalism must subordinate short-term plans and profits to such long-term social necessities⑩as investment in education, research and development, environmental protection, the extension of health care, the rehabilitation of infrastructure, the redemption of the city. Capitalists are not likely to do this by themselves. Long- term perspectives demand public leadership⑪ and affirmative government.From Foreign Affairs, September/October 1997 【参考译文】回到我们原来的问题：民主有前途吗？有！①民主是有前途，但并不像人们在必胜信念、乐观心态盛行时期所预测的那种光辉灿烂的前途。