17专项语法讲练——if条件状语从句及其时态的用法知识讲解

17专项语法讲练——if条件状语从句及其时态的用法知识讲解
17专项语法讲练——if条件状语从句及其时态的用法知识讲解

专项语法讲练——if条件状语从句及其时态的用法

【概念引入】

英国前首相撒切尔夫人(Margaret Thatcher)曾用if条件句对男人和女人进行评价:

In politics, if you want someone to make a speech, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman.

在政治领域,如果你想要有人发表演说,那就找男士去;而如果你想真正把事情解决,那就找女士。

【用法讲解】

一、概念

连词if的意思是“如果”,它引导的句子表示某事发生所需要的条件,即“在……条件下某事才能发生”,在句子中充当状语,因此我们称之为条件状语从句。在复合句中连词if引导的句子为从句,被修饰的句子为主句。从句可以放在主句后,也可以放在主句前,从句放在主句前时,应用逗号将它与主句隔开。例如:

We’ll go to the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. = If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去长城。

二、用法

1. 条件状语从句通常由连词if引导,意为“如果,假如”,主句不能用be going to 表示将来,而应该用

shall或will。例如:

If I’m free tomorrow, I’ll go with you. 如果我明天有空,我将会和你一起去。

2. if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时,即“主将从现”。例如:

If it is sunny tomorrow, I’ll climb the hill. 如果明天天气晴朗,我将去爬山。

3. 正确区分if引导的条件状语从句和if引导的宾语从句。

在条件状语从句中,if表示“如果”;而在宾语从句中,if表示“是否”。可以用下面的方法区分:

1) 从句前置法:if引导的条件状语从句,可以放在主句之前并用逗号隔开,也可放在主句之后;而if

引导的宾语从句只能放在主句之后。因此如果把if放在主句之前,句子通顺,意义不变,则是条件从句,否则是宾语从句。例如:

He will help you if you ask him. = If you ask him, he will help you.

如果你问他,他会帮助你。

2) whether替换法:if引导宾语从句时,其意为“是否”,通常可用whether替换,意义不变,而if引

导条件状语从句时不能用whether替换。因此,可用whether替换的是宾语从句,不能替换的是条件从句。

例如:

I want to know if you will go tomorrow. = I want to know whether you will go tomorrow.

我想知道你明天是否去。

注意:区分if的用法有着极为重要的意义,因为在条件状语从句中,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时;而在宾语从句中,当主句是一般现在时,从句可用所需的任何时态,主句是一般过去时,从句用过去的某种时态。

主从句的时态问题

主从句的时态问题

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另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:If I were you,I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.如果没有堵车,我会到的早一点儿。 那么,除了if之外,是否还有其他连词也可以引导条件状语从句呢?回答是肯定的,不仅有,还有很多。这些词由于出现的频率较小,且用法较复杂一些,所以不如if为大家所熟知罢了。下面就这些词的用法以例句的形式进行一下简单总结。 1、unless conj.除非,若不,除非在……的时候 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。 Unless it rains,the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。 2、on condition(that)...在……条件下,如果 on condition (that)...引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件。 I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保密。 You can go swimming on condition (that) you don't go too far from the river bank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。 3、supposing conj.如果,假如 supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件。 Supposing it rains,shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨,我们的运动会还要继续举行吗? Supposing anything should go wrong,what would you do then?假如出了什么问题,你准备怎么对付?

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