高考英语阅读理解长难句解析
一个英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整的句子被断开，因而增加句意理解的难度。分析长难度的基本方法是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子附属成分。下面我们来谈谈几种长难句的处理技巧。
一、处理长难句的原则方法
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可这样处理：跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。这样一来，我们便可以将长句化为短句，将难句化为易句。具体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句，可这样处理：先找出其中的并列连词，然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系，是因果关系还是转折关系等，最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句——名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。注意，弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。
另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如在参加考试时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文，不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。
二、经典高考真题实例分析
下面这篇文章共有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词，是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的文章。文章内容如下：Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.
The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.
On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.
【解题分析】
1. 跳读插入语：请看文章第一段的第一句。第一步跳过插入语找出句子主干：Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world (Tristan da Cunha 是世界上无人居住的最偏僻的岛屿）；第二步理解附加的插入语部分：a 38-square-mile island（该岛面积为38平方英里，而且这是吉尼斯记录之一），这样该句话的意思就弄明白了。
2. 跳读非谓语动词短语：我们来看第一段第三句。首先跳过前面的非谓语动词短语，
找出主干：the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred (该岛是英国领土，人口大约几千)。然后再来理解前面的非谓语动词短语：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810（这个岛屿是在1506年被一个名叫Tristan da Cunha的葡萄牙海军上将发现的，1810年开始有人居住）。通过这样分解难度，我们读得轻松，理解得准确。
3. 跳读分隔现象：请看文章第二段，这一段有35个单词，却只有一句话。因为该段既包括了分隔现象，又包含了定语从句，又有一个同位语，而且该句还是一个倒装句。如果从前到后按照顺序来理解，未免有点繁杂，抓不住重点。所以首先要跳过两个分隔符号之间的内容，同时也要暂时搁置后面的非限制性定语从句，找出主干并把主干重新倒置过来变成正常语序：Easter Island is coming in a close second（Easter Island是紧跟第二的最偏僻的岛屿）；然后再理解分隔符号之间的内容和后面的定语从句等附加成分：Easter Island 常常被误认为是最偏僻的岛屿，它在最临近的岛屿(Pitcairn Island)东面1,260英里，在南美西面2,300英里。
4. 跳读定语从句：定语从句在阅读理解中是很常见的，有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句用来限定所修饰的词，与之关系非常密切，阅读时要特别注意两者的密切联系，跳过限制性定语从句找到主句后要马上回头理解它的含义，确定它与先行词的修饰关系。如文章第三段的第一个句子里就有一个限制性定语从句：who were lost at sea. 阅读时一定要注意它与people的密切联系：不是别人而是在大海里迷路的人五世纪左右在那里定居。
而非限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系不是很密切，主要起补充说明作用，它可能出现在主句中间，也可能出现在句尾。如果它出现在句中，阅读时可以跳过去然后再来理解，也可以一起顺便读过去。如果非限制性定语从句出现在句尾，那阅读时很方便，看完主句后附带着看一下就可以了，因为它只是对先行词的补充说明。如这一段的最后一句：for which the island is most famous. 看完主句我们得知该岛与外界隔绝了一千多年，使得岛上的人们有充足的时间来修建一千多具巨大的石雕。然后再附带得知该岛以这些石雕而闻名。
三、针对性训练题
以下段落均选自近几年的高考英语阅读理解文章，均有一定难度，请你用以上方法试一试：
1. Decision thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. （NMET2000. C 篇）
2. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.（NMET1999. D篇）
3. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique.（NMET2003.C篇）
4. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.（NMET2003.E篇）
5. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.（NMET2001. E篇）【分析示范】
1. 先看破折号前面的Decision thinking is not unlike poker，这个句子虽不长，但有点难度，尤其是其中的not unlike这个双重否定的结构，其实它的意思就是like，句意为“做决策
其实就像(like)打扑克牌”。破折号后面的内容包括有一个not only...but also... 结构，且句中反复出现what...think这样的词语，就像是绕口令似的，对于语感不是很好，而且又不会分析句子同学来说很有点难度，这句话的意思是：起作用的不但是你怎么想的，而且还包括别人对你的想法是怎么看的以及你对别人的看法是如何考虑的。
2. 句子的主干部分为Dad had forgotten...，其中的in a hurry to get...为介词短语，在此说明had forgotten的原因；破折号后的内容a mistake...为解释其前内容的同位语。全句大意为：爸爸急匆匆地在天黑之前赶回家，以便他能出去跑步，但却忘记系安全带——这是75%的美国人每天犯的一个错误。
3. 这个句子的主干部分是the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds。句首的过去分词短语first put forward by…用作状语，表示时间；主句后的including…为介词短语，用以补充说明the finest mathematical minds；而including…短语中又包括有两个由who引导的定语从句，修饰名词短语a French woman scientist。此句句意为：这个定理最先由17世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，它曾使一批极其优秀的数学大师为难，其中包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。
4. 句子的主干部分为it is difficult to measure...，其中句首的it为形式主语，其后的不定式为真正的主语；句中although引导的为让步状语从句，并且这个状语从句中又包括有一个who引导的定语从句，而正是在这个定语从句中又内含一个when引导的时间状语从句，其中的the printers start working overtime为其前时间状语从句的主句——你看这个句子有多复杂；句子最后一部分由that is引出，用以对前面的内容起解释和说明作用。全句大意为：由于因特网的使用，要计算所使用纸张的数量不是很容易的，尽管几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说，近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。
5. 句子的主干部分为it wasn’t unusual to hear…。句首的whereas为从属连词，意为“尽管”，在此引导一个让步状语从句。其中主句当中有四个语言难点尤其值得注意：一是句首的it为形式主语，句子真正的主语是其后的不定式to hear…；二是not unusual这一双重否定结构，其实它的意思是就是usual；三是not…until….结构，其中的not不是句中的第一个not而不是第二个not（即didn’t know中的not）；四是until后的现在分词短语ask ing…，它在此用作状语，表示伴随情况。句意为：尽管一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败婚姻的人，然而听见一个男人说，直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这却是很平常的。
高考英语阅读理解长难句分析练习姓名___________________
一I see the kindness every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat.
按要求答题：
1 写出when 引导的从句的谓语___________ ____________ _____________
2 将上面这句话译成中文: ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3 根据上面这句话选择答案：
I have discovered that people will feel happy when ______.
A. They offer their help
B. They receive others’help
C. They feel others’kindness
D. They show their weakness
Key:
1 hold pour help
2 当人们每天为我开门，往我的咖啡里加奶油，帮我披上外衣时，我看到了他们的仁慈。
3 A
二From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily.
按要求答题：
1用中文回答：Who miss the kindness I see daily ? __________________________________ 2将From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people译成中文：
___________________________________________________________________________ 3 根据上面这句话选择答案：
The author feels sad sometimes because ______.
A. he has a soft heart
B. he relies much on others
C. some people pretend to be kind
D. some people fail to see the kindness in others
Key:
1那些看上去独立的人
2从我的轮椅生活中，我看到了人们的仁慈，
3 D
三But only when we stop pretending we are brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that is in them. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.
按要求答题：
1 将上面这句话译成中文: _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 3根据上面这句话选择答案：
In this passage, the author advises us to ______.
A. handle problems by ourselves
B. accept help from others
C. admit our weakness
D. show our bravery
Key:
1 只有我们停止假装勇敢和逞强，才能给别人机会表现仁慈。通常，要是我们在无助时不要逞强，惊慌时不要假装勇敢就好了。
2 C
四But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.
按要求答题：
1 将上面这句话译成中文: _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
2 根据上面这句话选择答案：
What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?
A. They speeded up to pass.
B. They waited with patience.
C. They tried their best to help.
D. They put on their flashlights too.
Key:
1 但是他们没有生气也没有失去耐心，而只是等待，因为他们知道前面的司机在某个方面处于弱势。
2 B
五People who are thinking about adopting dogs or cats as friends for their pets are worried that they will fight.
按要求答题：
1 …that they will fight. 这里的they是指______________________ .
2 将该句话译成中文________________________________________________________
Key:
1 指dogs or cats
2 那些想把狗猫作为宠物来养的人担心狗和猫在一起会打架。
六Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the university of Berlin, the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behaviour
按要求答题：
1 这句话的主语是________________, 谓语是______________, 宾语是______________
2 这句话的主要意思是（用中文写，不得超过15个字）：_____________________________
3 用英语回答问题：What can we conclude from the new study ?
______________________________________________________________________________ Key:
1 Manfred Milinski, found, that people act better
2 Manfred Milinski发现人们表现得更好。
3 people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behaviour
七Carla Bruni, an Italian singer, former model and girlfriend of France’s President Nicolas Sarkozy, holds the hand of her son Aurelien while wearing a pink heart-shaped ring during a visit to the ancient Jordanian ruins ( 遗迹) of Petra Jan. 5, 2008.
按要求答题：
1 这句话的主语是________________, 谓语是______________, 宾语是______________
2 选择答案：
1 __________ wore a pink heart-shaped ring.
A Aurelien
B Nicolas Sarkozy
C Carla Bruni
D Petra
11.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA) in salt Lake City.(NMET2003.B篇)
据盐湖城的ITA的观点，闪烁的棕色眼睛，摇着尾巴，并有无条件的爱心，狗能成为无判断力的(忠实的)听者，这是刚开始搞阅读的小孩所需要的。
简析：夹杂with构成的介词短语及过去分词短语。
12. The Salt Lake City public library is sold on the idea. (NMET2003.B篇)
这家盐湖城公共图书馆接受这个观点。
简析：关键词sell on (to)使接受。
13. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. (NMET2003. A篇)
这个岛屿，于1506年被同名的葡萄牙上将发现，在1810年有人居住，现在属于英
国，人口数有几百人。
简析：有两个过去分词短语作状语。
14. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.(NMET2003.A篇)
他们已有一千多年与外界没有联系，这给他们充足的时间来修建1000多座巨大的石
像，被称为莫艾，因为有这个东西这个岛屿极其出名。
简析：夹杂有现在分词短语，过去分词短语及定语从句。
15. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and they’re very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject. (NMET2002. E篇)
我们的(生日)聚会针对两到十岁的小孩，它们互动感强，富有创新，因为它们能基于一个主题构建一种戏剧的氛围。
简析：关键词aim for 针对;in that 在于。
16. The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.(NMET2002. E篇)
在这里叙述的这种筹备(生日)聚会的计划所带有的最重要的观点在于它能让父母
和孩子的关系更加密切。
简析：夹杂过去分词短语及表语从句。
17.He had re alized that the words: “one of six to eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII’s six wives. (NMET2002. D篇)
他曾认识到那本书里第一幅图画下面的那些词“一、六、八”在某些方面将这个野
兔和阿拉甘的凯撒英，即亨利八世的六个妻子当中的第一个妻子，联系起来。
简析：夹杂宾语从句及过去分词短语。
18.Until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773. (NMET2002. D篇)
直到有一天他在阿帕斯尔公园碰巧看见两个石制的十字架，他才懂得在1773年修建
这两个十字架是为了向她表示敬意。
简析：关键词come across碰巧遇见，in one’s honor纪念某人。
19. It is Sue Townsend’s musical play, based on her best-selling book. (NMET2002. C篇)
它是苏珊·汤森德的音乐剧本，根据她畅销的小说改编的。
简析：关键词best-selling 畅销的。
20. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. (NMET2002. B篇)
戈德是对有机食品感兴趣众多购买者当中的一位，遍及英国的超市依赖更多像他那
样的购买者，因为他们要增加有机食品生意。
简析：关键词count on 依赖。
长难句练习：
1.Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City.
参考翻译：
利用对狗阅读来帮助儿童提高读写能力是一种独特的方法。盐湖城的ITA组织认为，由于狗具有闪亮的棕色眼睛、摇摆的尾巴以及无条件的爱，它为儿童(初级阅读者)获取自信心提供了“必要的(无偏见的)听众”。
2. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called Moai, for which the island is most famous.
参考翻译：
他们与外界隔绝了一千多年，这给他们充足的时间来修1000多座被称为"摩埃"的巨型石像，这个岛屿也因此而闻名。Moai：摩埃（位于智利复活节岛的巨型石像）
3. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is
introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.
参考翻译：
很难计算出因为互联网的应用所使用纸张的数量，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当有了电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。
4. At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past.
参考翻译：
在旧金山的会议上，位于纽瓦克的新泽西医学院的教授唐纳德罗利亚说，基因利用以及纳米技术的进步使人类未来的寿命有可能延长到从前不可能达到的地步。
5. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai's car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.
参考翻译：
主要的市场推动力依赖于不断增长的白领阶层的人数，他们有钱支付这种新的服务，换句话说，上海的汽车租赁业增长如此之快关键在于白领阶层的不断壮大。
6. It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.
参考翻译：
到那时候，我才意识到我并非真的来帮助他人，而是来了解和体验另一种文化，这种文化有助于提高我对生活和世界的理解。
7. As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970's, to 18.5 percent--little more than two thirds the 1960's growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
参考翻译：
结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代时下降到了18．5％一一稍高于60年代增长率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。
8. Whereas a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn't unusual to hear a man say he didn't know his friend's marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
参考翻译：
一个女人最亲密的女性朋友最可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败的婚姻的人；而听见一个男人说，直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的事。
9. This process is also found among scholars and authors: a statement of opinion by one writer may be restated by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another, and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.
参考翻译：
在学者和作者中，我们也常常会发现这个过程：一个作者陈述的观点有可能会被另外一位作者重述，然后他的重述或许又会被另一个作者引用。这个过程会继续下去，除非有人质疑原作者的观点所根据的事实或者是对原作者对这些事实的解释提出异议。
10. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
参考翻译：
当与你谈话的时候，你潜在的雇主就在衡量你的学历、经验和其他条件是否值得他聘用你，而你的"商品"和能力一定要顺其自然地展示出来。
1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇）
这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。
简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。
2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. （NMET200
3.E篇）
由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。
简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。
3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. （NMET2003.E篇）
或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。
简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。
4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. （NMET2003.E篇）
这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。
简析：关键词other than而不是。
5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. （NMET2003.D篇）
这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。
简析：关键词term术语。
6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.（NMET2003.D篇)
它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。
简析：比喻生动形象。
7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words.（NMET2003.D篇）
大众传播媒介和政府白皮书（正式报告）在外国词传播过程中起重要作用。
简析：关键词the mass media and government white papers大众传播媒介和政府白皮书
（正式报告）。
8.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat 、dog or snake! （NMET2003.C篇）
来自动物医院（这个电视节目）的故事（这本书），将使这个电视节目的爱好者以及对无论是猫、狗还是蛇这类宠物有浓厚兴趣的任何人感到高兴。
简析：关键词fans…爱好者，whether…or…，无论是…还是…。
9. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began. （NMET2003 .C篇）
牛顿被证明是一位很有才华的科学家，他处于一个魔术终结科学开启的历史时期，他也有普通人所特有的弱点。
简析：夹杂两个定语从句。
10. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.（NMET2003.E篇）
但对于所有这些以电子手段记录，贮存及传递的文本而言，许多文本仍要（打印）在纸上。
历届高考英语长难句100句精选
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高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型
（一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文
(英语)高三英语阅读理解解析版汇编
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高三英语阅读理解(带详解)
I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him – the majority. I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. ―I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story.‖ He laughed, ―You’ll give me a quarter for my story?‖ I lay the quarter in front of him and corrected myself –―Nah, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.‖ I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a glimmer of reflection. I sat down next to him and waited. ―I was in the army,‖ he said. ―I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the enemy from the distance.‖ I listened carefully to his grizzly voice as he went deeper into the story. He wore dirty old torn clothes and smelled like a dead rat left in a mouse trap. He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose—to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq. It wasn’t long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. He became disillusioned with the killings, which he felt were of innocent people. ―I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone,‖ he said. ―One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up ... I couldn’t do it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any sense to me.‖ The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. He told me how he was black listed so that he couldn’t get a job. All the rights we take for granted were taken away from him. Why? Here was a man who was being punished—and for what? For refusing to kill the lady? For being a hero? ―I have no regrets,‖ the homeless man said. ―I may be homeless now, but I never killed that lady. I never killed anyone in the army. It didn’t feel right. I didn’t go there to do that. I went there to save people.‖ He continued, ―I can live with being homeless—that’s okay. But I wouldn’t be able to live with killing innocent people.‖ On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never occurred to me that a hero could be a smelly old man left on streets. 1. It can be learned from the passage that the homeless man_______. （） A. never killed animals B. had a strong respect for life C. deserved the punishment he received D. felt guilty about disobeying the order
历届高考英语长难句100句精选.doc
历届高考英语长难句100 句精选 1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.（NMET2003.C篇） 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难， 包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理 工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.（NMET2003.E篇） 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的 人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求 主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. （NMET2003.E 篇） 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身， 印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。
2011高考英语必看之-英语阅读理解技巧
英语阅读理解技巧 阅读理解始终是外语学习和考试重点。 一．阅读理解的测试要点如下： 1．理解主旨大意； 2．寻读具体信息； 3．理解细节； 4．根据上下文提供的语境，推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解； 5．简单的判断和理解； 6．理解文段的基本逻辑结构； 7．理解作者的意图和态度； 8．理解文段的文化信息； 9．理解图表信息； 10．理解指代关系。 从高考命题的实际情况看，命题者常用下述方法提问： 1．What is the purpose of the text? 2．What does the author mainly tell US about in the passage? 3．What can we infer from the passage? 4．What can be inferred from the passage? 5．It can be concluded from the text that ? 6．What can we learn from the text? 7．What is the general idea/main idea of the text? 8. The passage mainly focuses on ? 9. What is the main subject discussed in the text? 10. It can be inferred from the passage that? 11. It can be inferred from the that the author seems to? 12. What is the best title of the text/for the article? 13. The best title for this passage is? 14. What can we infer from the last/the first two paragraphs? 15. The meaning of the word/sentence in Paragraph X is related to? 16. In Paragraph X, "X X X" can be replaced by?
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.
历年高考英语长难句精选100句(51-75)
掌门1对1教育高中英语 历年高考英语长难句精选100句(51-75) 51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.(NMET2003.31) 新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败,没有达成协议。 简析：关键词break down失败，reach an agreement达成协议。 52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.(NMET2003.34) 这对老年夫妇结婚40年了，两人从来没有一次争吵。 简析：含主谓倒装句。 53. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.(NMET2003) 要记住的是，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。 简析：含比较级句型。 54.As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 —and Ed was leading.(NMET2003) 就在我们比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是9比1，结果比分反而是7比9，伊德暂时领先。 简析：关键词figure on预计，估计;in one’s favor对某人有利。 55.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered
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阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。 下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点，寻找解题的方法。 常见题型： 1．主题型： What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2．标题型： What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) ————. 3．目的型： The main purpose of this text is ————. The author’s purpose o f writing this text is to ————. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析
高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 I was born on the 17th of November 1828, in the village of Nam Ping, which is about four miles southwest of the Portuguese Colony (殖民地) of Macao, and is located on Pedro Island lying west of Macao, from which it is separated by a channel of half a mile wide. As early as 1834, an English lady, Mrs. Gutzlaff, wife of a missionary to China, came to Macao. Supported by the Ladies' Association in London for the promotion of female education in India and the East, she immediately took up the work of starting a girls' school for Chinese girls, which was soon followed by the opening of a boys' school. Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school and it was doubtlessly through his influence and means that my father got me admitted into the school. It has always been a mystery to me why my parents should put me into a foreign school, instead of a traditional Confucian school, where my big brother was placed. Most certainly such a step would have been more suitable for Chinese public opinion, taste, and the wants of the country, than to allow me to attend an English school. Moreover, a Chinese belief is the only avenue in China that leads to political promotion, influence, power and wealth. I can only guess that as foreign communication with China was just beginning to grow, my parents hoped that it might be worthwhile to put one of their sons to learning English. In this way he might become an interpreter and have a more advantageous position to enter the business and diplomatic world. I am wondering if that influenced my parents to put me into Mrs. Gutzlaff's School. As to what other sequences it has eventually brought about in my later life, they were entirely left in the hands of God. （1）How was the author admitted to Mrs. Gutzlaff's school? A. Through his father's friend's help. B. Through his own efforts to exams. C. Through his father's request. D. Through Mrs. Gutzlaff's influence. （2）Why did the author's parents put him into an English school？ A. An English school was more influential. B. Foreign trade with China was developing fast. C. It met with Chinese public opinion. D. He could become a successful interpreter. （3）What did the author think of his parents' decision to put him into an English school? A. It was skeptical. B. It was mysterious. C. It was thoughtful. D. It was wonderful.【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，小时候父亲送作者去英语学校而不是中文学校，并分析了具体原因。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school”可知，作者是通过父亲朋友的帮助进入到Mrs.
历年高考英语长难句100例大汇总
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