高考英语专题冲刺 专题04 阅读理解之议论文(含解析)
专题卷四 阅读理解之议论文 1.阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。 When I was young, my mother didn't have the money to send me to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with education. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself. But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning. We need every one of you to develop your talents and your skills so that you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems. If you quit on school—you're not just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country. No one's written your destiny（命运）for you, because you write your own destiny. You make your own future. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and do everything you can to meet them. Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time reading a book. But whatever you decide to do, I want you to commit to it. I want you to really work at it. I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work—that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star. No one's born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work. You're not a good athlete the first time you play a new sport. You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song. You've got to practice. 1.What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．The writer's home was very rich. B．The writer's mother was a teacher. C．The writer was born in a poor family. D．The writer didn't like reading books. 2.What does the writer want everyone to do by improving their talents and skills? A．To quit on their country to earn more money. B．To offer help to the old people who have difficulties. C．To write their own new destiny by working as TV star. D．To spend some time writing books about their own life. 3.Why does the writer call on everyone to set his/her own goal? A．Because everyone's future is determined by themselves. B．Because everyone's future is to do simple work. C．Because everyone should do their homework. D．Because everyone should pay attention in class. 4.How can people realize their great dream? A．By rapping. B．By playing basketball. C．By being a reality star. D．By working hard. 【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D
2.B细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话 “We need every one of you to develop your talents and your skills so that you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems.”可知作者想通过提高每一个人的才能和技能从而帮助有困难的老人。 3.A细节理解题。根据第二段的第四、第五句话 “You make your own future. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and do everything you can to meet them.”可知作者号召大家设立自己的目标的目的是因为自己命运应该由自己来书写。 4.D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “No one's born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work.”可知人们必须通过自己的努力工作才能实现自己的梦想。故选D项。 考点：考查议论文阅读 【题型】阅读理解 【难度】较易 2.阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。 Fighting racial stereotypes on US campuses often begins by putting students of different ethnic backgrounds together – under one dormitory roof. Sam Boakye was a freshman at Ohio State University and the only black student on his floor. He was determined to get good grades – in part to make sure his white roommate had no basis for negative racial views. "You're pushed to do better, to challenge the stereotype that black people are not that smart," he told the New York Times. Several recent studies have found that having a roommate of a different race can reduce prejudice, diversify(使多样化)friendships and even promote students’ academic performance. In a study by Ohio State psychology professor Russell Fazio, black freshmen who came to college with high test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommate—even if the roommate’s test scores were low. Another study on student interaction by Duke University suggests that freshmen with roommates of a different race were the most likely to diversify their friendships. “Just having diversity in classrooms doesn’t do anything to increase interracial friendships,” said Claudia Buchman, an author of the Duke study. “But living together with a different-race roommate does lead to more interracial friendships.” There are, however, some problems with such room assignments. Fazio’s study found that three times as many randomly(随机地) assigned interracial roommates weren’t living together at the end of the semester, compared with white roommates.
浅谈高考英语阅读说明文及议论文的解题方略
教研园地JIAO YAN YUAN DI 浅谈高考英语阅读说明文及议论文的解题方略武鹏相甘肃省白银市靖远县第一中学 （甘肃省白银市 730600）摘 要：阅读作为英语教学的重点部分，在高考中更是得以体现，其所占比分值亦是相对较高，从近年来的高考试卷中不难看出，阅读题目的篇幅基本在4-5篇左右，可见阅读理解的重要性。
本文将以其中的说明文以及议论文为主要阐述对象，针对这两种阅读文的高考题型的解题方案进行分析，以促进学生得以掌握解题的技巧。
关键词：高考英语 英语阅读 说明文 议论文 解题方略英语阅读题型形式各样，考察的范围亦是相对较广，在文章体裁形式上，也并不唯一，这就对于学生的学习理解是否完全掌握有了精准的测评。
而在英语阅读的学习过程当中，亦是存在着解题方式不当、时间不够用等各种外界因素，导致成绩结果与学生实际水平不符的现象，这就需要教师针对解题策略展开培育，以促使学生得以有效的 答题。
1 命题规律以及文章形式1.1 说明文在英语阅读的说明文阅读题材中，通常是以介绍具体的一件事物或是事件所存在的现象等等，在描写人物方面相对较少。
其描述的对象范围主要是以时间点、背景以及未来的影响作用等为主要方向。
因而其题目内容的设计具有一定的复杂性，需要通过仔细阅读文章从而获取答案，在此过程中，则可依据题目的次序，分别找出题目与文中相符的段落内容以解题。
说明文的体裁形式一般分为三大模块，分别为说明的对象、经过以及总结，因而对于此类文章的考察重点则是学生对于文章中信息的获取与理解、准确的总结归纳等方面的能力。
这就要求学生对于说明文的各个层面角度加以掌握，明晰所述对象的特点特征[1]。
1.2 议论文议论文的体裁形式具有较为显著的特征性，其结构也主要是以三个方面所展开，即论点、论据和结论。
通常情况下，文章是以具体的现象作为文章的开端，进而据此提出相应的论点，进而在论点的基础上展开论据，最后作以总结。
其中，论点内容又可分为两种，一种为只有两个论点，这种形式的论点基本是以相互对立的形式所体现，一般情况下，作者会在文中结尾处表述自己所赞同的观点；另一种则为两种以上的论点形式，而这种多个论点一并出现的文章，通常是并列的形式所体现，进而在论据中表述各个论点的优势与劣势作用，这种类型的议论文，作者一般并未直接阐述其观点所指。
高三英语阅读理解专题三---议论文带答案
⾼三英语阅读理解专题三---议论⽂带答案⾼三英语阅读理解专题三------议论⽂1⽂体特点：写法⼀：正⽅（甲⽅），反⽅（⼄⽅），我认为……写法⼆：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。
这是⾼考中常考的体裁，内容涵盖⽂化、历史、⽂学、科学和教育等各个⽅⾯。
在这类体裁的⽂章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。
此类体裁的⽂章中有关主旨⼤意和推理判断的题⽬会较多，这也是得分⽐较难的题型。
在阅读这类⽂章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之⾳，从⽽更好地依据⽂章的事实做出合理的推断。
解题⽅法：1.把握⽂章的论点、论据和论证。
此外，还要把握⽂章的结构和语⾔。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举⼀些具体的例⼦来⽀持观点；或在⼀些例⼦之后，总要抒发⼀些议论。
考⽣在理解议论时，可以借助⽂中所给的实例，从⽽在形象的例⼦中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例⼦的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论⼀定是原⽂有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。
推理要根据⽂章的字⾯意思，通过语篇、段落和句⼦之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗⽰和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对⽂章进⾏推理判断。
考⽣要由⽂字的表层信息挖掘出⽂章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
主旨⼤意题解题⽅法：⼀、题型解读及思维导向：主旨⼤意题是⾼考阅读理解中常考的题型之⼀，主要考查考⽣把握全⽂主题和理解中⼼思想的能⼒。
通常以概括⽂章或段落⼤意以及选择标题等形式出现。
主旨⼤意题是阅读理解题中的⾼难度题，能够拉开考⽣的分数差距，所以此类题⽬在⾼考试题中具有很好的选拔作⽤，属于能⼒型题⽬。
主旨⼤意题⼀般分为三类，即标题归纳类、⽂章⼤意类和段落⼤意类。
⼆、命题区间及读⽂关注点1．⽂⾸、段⾸、段尾句：⼀般来说，阅读⽂章中第⼀段⾸句往往是强开弱收型⽂章中⼼思想的表达处；第⼆段⾸句或第⼀段尾句往往是转开弱收型⽂章的主题句所在；⽽有时每段的段⾸句、段尾句是该段的段落主题句。
高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题04 连词与介词(含解析)
专题04 连词与介词连词的介词也是高考必考点，每年都保持在一至两个题目，命题形式除了单项填空外还在完形填空、语法填空、短文改错中进行考查，其考点主要涉及常用介词的用法区别，介词与动词、名词、形容词等的常见搭配，介词在特定语境中的选用和介词短语的用法等。
热点题型一并列连词例1、—Someone wants you on the phone.—________nobody knows I am here.A. AlthoughB. AndC. ButD. So【答案】C【解析】根据语境判断第二个人不相信第一个人的话，所以选C项的转折连词，表示“但是没人知道我在这里”。
【提分秘籍】【举一反三】There are fewer teaching positions left in big cities, ________at the same time there are shortages of teachers in small towns.A. orB. andC. soD. for【答案】B【解析】从语意可知，前后构成并列句，用and连接，在此处意为“而”。
热点题型二从属连词例2. ________ more and more forests were destroyed, some animals are facing the danger of dying out.A. ByB. WithC. AsD. For【答案】C【解析】考查连词和介词用法。
空格后是一个完整的句子，故用as来引导状语从句。
句意：随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。
【提分秘籍】【举一反三】Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ________he had done something very clever.A. as ifB. in caseC. whileD. though【答案】A热点题型三易混的介词例3、He was a good student and scored________average in most subjects.A. belowB. ofC. onD. above【答案】D【提分秘籍】1．over，above，on，beyond表示“在……上”(1)over一般表示“在……的正上方”“在……垂直上方”，其反义词是under；over还可表示在被覆盖在物体的上面。
专题 阅读理解主旨大意题---2023年高考英语二轮复习专题
recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
高考英语议论文阅读理解突破
议论文阅读理解突破议论文是英语中的重要文体。
从近几年各地高考英语试题来看，议论文在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重。
议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，常用难词、长词和复杂句，给我们的阅读理解带来一定难度。
很有必要对议论文的文体特点及解题规律作一探索，实现突破。
一、议论文的语篇特点议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。
这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。
议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。
论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。
论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。
论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。
二、议论文阅读理解的主要题型及对策从近几年的高考试题来看，议论文阅读理解的命题类型主要有：1. 主旨大意题【设题方式】(1) _____________________________ The text is mainly about .(2) What does the author want to tell us most?(3) What can be the best title for the text?(4) What is the main idea of the passage?(5) What can we learn from the last paragraph?【对策】做好此类试题，关键是迅速找准文章或段落的主题句。
这就必须对议论文常见论证方法作一了解。
(1)归纳法，即从分析个别事例入手，找出事物的共同特点，得出结论、看法或道理。
（2）演绎法，即从一般论断出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析后得出结论。
（3）驳论法，即先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。
另外，议论文在语言表达上经常使用一些有辩论、推理等含义的词汇和句型，如：however, take ⋯for example, thus, therefore, consequently （因此），accordingly （因此），It follows that ⋯（因而），⋯, but it would be far better if we ⋯（如果我们⋯⋯，那会更好），I amo f the opinion that ⋯（我认为⋯⋯）It ' s clear that ⋯等。
上海市高考英语 阅读理解试题(含答案)
上海市高考英语阅读理解试题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown. As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts.They are advising all parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks. Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused shortsightedness in animals.Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also applies to humans.A study of almost 300, 000 young adults-the largest of its kind-showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January.Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it was because prolonged illumination(光照) causes the eyeball to lengthen-causing short-sightedness.Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be.The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape.Sight expert Professor Daniel O'Leary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said "At the moment we don't know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming shortsighted."（1）Babies born in summer are more likely to be shortsighted ____________.A. because the summer sun is too strong for babiesB. because babies born in summer have lengthened eyeballsC. if they are exposed too much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born D if parents don't know a proper way to protect their babies' eyes（2）Melatonin is a kind of material to ___________.A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sightedB. protect the skin from harmful sun raysC. make our body strongD. protect babies' eyes from summer sun（3）From what Professor Daniel O'Leary says we can conclude that ___________.A. there is no evidence that shortsightedness is related to exposure to sunlightB. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further provedC. he believes that light exposure can cause shortsightednessD. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight（4）The underlined word "vulnerable" in the passage probably means __________.A. easy to be harmedB. resistantC. protectiveD. changeable【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，眼科专家称多达四分之一的近视眼病例是由于在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。
高考英语二轮专题复习专题强化练(十三)完形填空之说明文议论文(含解析)
专题强化练(十三) 完形填空之说明文、议论文ANumber sense is not the ability to count.It is the ability to recognize a__12__，experiments show that many animals are，too.For example，many birds have good number sense.If a nest has four eggs and you remove one，the bird will not__3__．However，if you remove two，the bird__4__leaves.This means that the bird knows the__5__between two and three.Another interesting experiment showed a bird's__6__ number sense.A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower，but the crow always left when she saw him coming.The bird did not__7__until the man left the tower. The man had an__8__．He took another man with him to the tower.One man left and the other stayed，but they did not__9__the bird.The crow stayed away until the second man left，too.The experiment was __10__with three men and then with four men.But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were__11__．It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were__12__able to fool the crow.How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good.For example，babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a__13__group.But when the number goes beyond three or four，the children are__14__fooled.It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world，and that our human__15__is not much better than a crow's.1．B．patternC．change D．trend2．A.Importantly B．SurprisinglyC．Disappointedly D．Fortunately3．A.survive B．careC．hatch D．notice4．A.generally B．sincerelyC．casually D．deliberately5．A.distance B．rangeC．difference D．interval6．A.amazing B．annoyingC．satisfying D．disturbing7．B．recoverC．react D．return8．A.appointment B．excuseC．idea D．explanation9．A.fool B．hurtC．catch D．kill10．A.reported B．repeatedC．designed D．approved11．A.confused B．goneC．tired D．drunk12．A.gradually B．luckilyC．strangely D．finally13．A.single B．smallC．local D．new14．A.seldom B．temporarilyC．merely D．often15．A.sight B．natureC．ability D．belief【语篇解读】本文是说明文。
高二英语英语议论文阅读练习题30题含答案解析
高二英语英语议论文阅读练习题30题含答案解析1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of education.B. The influence of technology on education.C. The benefits of online learning.D. The challenges of traditional education.答案：B。
解析：文章主要讲述了科技对教育的影响，A 选项教育的重要性并非文章重点，C 选项在线学习的好处只是科技对教育影响的一部分，D 选项传统教育的挑战也不是文章主要内容。
2. According to the passage, which of the following is true about technology in education?A. It has completely replaced traditional teaching methods.B. It has made learning more convenient and efficient.C. It has caused more problems than benefits.D. It is only suitable for advanced learners.答案：B。
解析：文章中提到科技使学习更加便捷和高效，A 选项完全取代传统教学方法错误，C 选项带来的问题比好处多与文章不符，D 选项只适合高级学习者错误。
3. The author mentions online courses to illustrate _.A. the popularity of technology in educationB. the high cost of traditional educationC. the limitations of technology in educationD. the importance of face-to-face interaction答案：A。
备战高考英语复习之真题解读：新高考I卷阅读理解 高频考词+长难句分析+拔高突破练(原卷版)
新高考I卷阅读理解备战高考英语复习之真题解读+高频考词+长难句分析+拔高突破练距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
阅读理解速选技能真题详解(思路解析, 阅读高频词,长难句分析)拔高突破练命题分析阅读理解文章体裁可以分为：应用文记叙文说明文议论文虽然阅读理解的材料内容千变万化，但考试中的考查方式是有限的，只要能够掌握以下几种主要类型题目的阅读技巧，那么阅读理解拿高分，甚至拿满分就是可以做到的了。
阅读理解题的速选技能，需要结合下面几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题。
秒杀技能一主旨大意题主旨大意题分为两种：一种是要求归纳标题，另一种是归纳段落大意或者文章中心思想。
1. 注意文章的首句和尾句，以及therefore, thus, but, however, in short这些很可能提示文章主旨的词语。
超实用高考英语专题强化训练：完形填空——说明文、议论文(解析版)
专题强化训练23完形填空——说明文、议论文（解析版）距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
Test 1(2022·哈师大附中高三第三次模拟)One of Switzerland's most popular ski areas has been covering mountain areas with cloth material in an effort to reduce ice melt over the summer.Workers have 1 large blankets of material around Mount Titlis, a ski area near the Swiss mountain town of Engelberg. The area contains a glacier (冰川) that has been 2 large amounts of ice over the past 20 years. The 3 cloth, made of a chemical material, is designed to 4 the sun. “Putting the blankets 5 the glacier provides a natural protective shield，” Gian Darms, whooversees snow conditions and mountain security in the area, explained to Reuters. Decreasing snow cover 6 higher temperatures presents a huge 7 to ski areas across Europe. Having a glacier can provide some protection from 8 change. It can help 9 large snow supplies on the mountain year-round. This snow can later be moved to fill in areas where it is needed.But the Swiss government has 10 that 90 percent of the country's remaining 1，500 glaciers will 11 by the end of the century 12 nothing is done to cut man-made pollution emissions. Darms said he has had to 13 increase the size of the blankets over the glacier in recent years to save what is 14 . A small group of 15 work over five-to-six weeks to cover parts of the glacier.16 the summer, the workers spend weeks removing the 17 ．Currently, the reflective material covers about 100，000 square meters, which is about the 18 of 14 football fields. The blankets help reflect the sun's energy 19 into the atmosphere.Collected 20 is used to fill openings in the glacier that could open up along the area's ski runs. The snow also helps support lift structures that are fixed into the ice.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。