专题06-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解(解析版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习06科普环保类1.（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
DWe may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment –and our wallets –as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones."The Living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kid's room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices-we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TV's with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution(解决方案)?The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewingon tables instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.（1）What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.（2）Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.（3）Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.（4）What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B（4）A【解析】这是一篇科普环保类阅读。
我们可能认为我们一见钟情闪亮的新东西,但一项新的研究表明,我们继续使用旧设备(装置)。
这对环境和我们的钱包来说都是坏消息，因为这些过时的设备比能做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能量。
⑴A 推理判断。
根据第1段最后一句…as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.这些过时的装置比新装置消耗更多的能量，因而判断新装置消耗的能量少，所以环保。
故答案为A。
⑵D 细节理解。
根据第2段第一句To figure out how much power these devices are using, …故选D，为了查明这些装置的电消耗量。
⑶B 细节理解。
由整个文章的最后一句They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers cut energy consumption by 44%.可知在tablets(平板电脑)而不是电视和台式电脑上观看娱乐节目能够减少44%的能源消耗。
故平板电脑使用最少的能源，选B。
⑷A 细节理解题。
根据最后一段第二句…but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics…及最后一句They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers cut energy consumption by 44%.研究者们探索用新电器代替旧产品，结果发现新的装置能够减少44%的能源消耗。
故选A。
2.（2017·北京）阅读理解DHollywood's theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone superintelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.（1）Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .A.run out of human controlB.satisfy human's real desiresmand armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician（2）Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .A.prevent themselves from being destroyedB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD.beat humans in international chess matches（3）According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .A.help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots' affecting the world（4）What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the development of AI.B.It will get worse with human interference.C.It will be solved but with difficulty.D.It will stay for a decade.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】本文属于议论文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了人工智能可能会脱离人的控制，我们必须解决超级智能机器的安全问题。
专题10-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解-人物故事类(解析版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解10人物故事类1.（2015·湖北）阅读理解What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn't a prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can(装罐)and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what's on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,” she said. En gineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony （阳台）? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they're very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it's a great place to start.” “Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.”Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food. Loe noted, there's a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what's in your food, knowing where it comes from.”In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don't take care of the earth, no one will.”（1）The underlined word“prerequisite”(Pare. 1) is closest in meaning to“______”.A.recipeB.substituteC.requirementD.challenge（2）Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?A.They are used daily.B.They are easy to grow.C.They can grow very tallD.They can be eaten uncooked（3）According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?A.It can preserve their best flavorB.It can promote her online salesC.It can better her cooking skillsD.It can improve their nutrition（4）What is the “the bigger picture”(Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?A.The knowledge about good foodB.The way to live a grow-our-own lifeC.The joy of getting in touch with foodsD.The responsibility to protect our earth【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D【意思】Theresa Loe所做的事情证明了一个大型农场并不是现代“自己种植”生活方式的先决条件。
专题01-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解-人物故事类(解析版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解01人物故事类1.（2019·江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before: he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma (岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.（1）What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?A.Its complicated geographical features.B.Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.C.The mysterious history of the park.D.The exact location of the volcano.（2）What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about?A.The shapes of volcanoes.B.The impacts of volcanoes.C.The activities of volcanoes.D.The heights of volcanoes.（3）What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean?A.Hot-air balloon.B.Digital camera.C.Big photograph.D.Bird's view.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C【意思】20世纪60年代，在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史时，鲍勃·克里斯汀森对一件以前从未困扰过任何人的事情感到困惑:他找不到公园的火山。
专题05-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解(解析版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习05科普环保类1.（2018·北京）阅读理解CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical insome kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed（3）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】人类每年生产超过3亿吨的塑料。
专题05-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解-人物故事类(原卷版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解05人物故事类1.（2017·天津）阅读理解Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn't want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger's bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don't even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others' spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.（1）What happened when the author was about to take a photo?A.Her camera stopped working.B.A woman blocked her view.C.Someone asked her to leave.D.A friend approached from behind.（2）According to the author, the woman was probably_______.A.enjoying herselfB.losing her patienceC.waiting for the sunsetD.thinking about her past（3）In the author's opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A.The rich color of the landscape.B.The perfect positioning of the camera.C.The woman's existence in the photo.D.The soft sunlight that summer day.（4）The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand________.A.the need to be close to natureB.the importance of private spaceC.the joy of the vacation in ItalyD.the shared passion for beauty（5）The passage can be seen as the author's reflections upon _______.A.a particular life experienceB.the pleasure of travelingC.the art of photographyD.a lost friendship2.（2017·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读理解BI first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film— it wanted somebody as well known as Paul— he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other— but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core （核心）of our relationship off the screen.We shared the brief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back— he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was,and we didn't talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.（1）Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?A.Paul Newman wanted it.B.The studio powers didn't like his agent.C.He wasn't famous enough.D.The director recommended someone else.（2）Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A.They were of the same dge.B.They worked in the same theater.C.They were both good actors.D.They han similar charactertics.（3）What do es the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Their belief.B.Their care for chileden.C.Their success.D.Their support for each other.（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love of films.B.To remember a friend.C.To introduce a new movie.D.To share his acting experience.3.（2016·上海）阅读下列短文：从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。
专题11-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解-人物故事类(解析版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解11人物故事类1.（2015·陕西）阅读理解When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran along the edge of cliff( 悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.Her owner Mike Holden panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds. Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search.Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken. Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark.A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.The dog had initially been knocked unconscious(失去知觉的)but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry,” Steve Tregear said, “It was a very dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.It was, as Mr. Holden admitted, “a minor miracle(奇迹)”.（1）The dog Jody fell down the cliff when she wasA.rescuing her ownerB.caught in a hurricaneC.blocked by a rockD.running after a sheep（2）Who spotted Judy after the accident?A.A birdwatcherB.A student from LeedsC.Six volunteersD.The coastguard of Cornwall（3）What can we infer from the text?A.People like to travel with their pets.B.Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.C.Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.D.Holden cared little where Judy was buried.（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Miracle of the Coastguard.B.Surviving a Hurricane.C.Dangers in the Wilding Back from the Dead.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）D【意思】当这只名叫朱迪的狗发现了她生命中的第一只羊时，她做了很自然的事情。
专题01-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解(原卷版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习01科普环保类1.（2020·天津）阅读理解For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can't let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let's say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, "spotsound" creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over theatmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.（1）What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?A.It causes temporary hearing loss.B.It slows down a running man.C.It makes it easy to identify a suspect.D.It keeps the suspect from hurting others.（2）The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________.A.silence the people around youB.remove the sound of commercialsC.block the incoming sound wavesD.stop unwanted sound from affecting you（3）What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?A.They travel in circles.B.They clear the atmosphere.C.They can be transformed into energy.D.They can be directed onto a specific area.（4）Directed sound can be used for ________.A.creative designs of restaurant menusB.ideal sound effects on the theater stageC.different choices of music for businessesD.strict control over any suspicious customer（5）What does the passage focus on?A.How professionals invented sound products.B.Inventions in the field of sound technology.C.The growing interest in the study of sound.D.How sound engineers work in their studios.2.（2020·江苏）阅读理解For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.（1）The underlined expression "stomach it" in Paragraph 1 most probably means "______".A.digest the meal easilyB.manage without breakfastC.decide wisely what to eatD.eat whatever is offered（2）Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.C.They could walk at an average speed.D.They had slow metabolic rates.（3）What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?A.They successfully lost weight.B.They consumed a bit more calories.C.They burned more fat on average.D.They displayed higher insulin levels.（4）What could be learned from the research?A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.3.（2020·新高考I）阅读理解According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by theresearchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?（1）What is the recent study mainly about?A.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior.（2）What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to?A.Big eaters.B.Overweight persons.C.Picky eaters.D.Tall thin persons.（3）Why did the researchers hire the actor?A.To see how she would affect the participants.B.To test if the participants could recognize her.C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.D.To study why she could keep her weight down.（4）On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph?A.How hungry we are.B.How slim we want to be.C.How we perceive others.D.How we feel about the food.4.（2020·浙江）阅读理解Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers' memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants' overall health status."This works just like physical exercise," says Francisca Then, who led the study. "After a long run, you may feel like you're in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. "It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter's job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And "running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), " she says. "You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries."Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.（1）Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?A.To assess their health status.B.To evaluate their work habits.C.To analyze their personality.D.To measure their mental ability.（2）How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?A.By using an expert's words.B.By making a comparison.C.By referring to another study.D.By introducing a concept.（3）Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Retired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsB.Old People Should Take Challenging JobsC.Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You SharpD.Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age。
超实用高考英语复习：专题 06 全国II卷+高考真题变式练--高考英语二轮复习阅读理解长难句解疑
【分析】 本句是主从复合句。主句为His father frequently amuse d the boy.两个定语从句，which引导的定语从句修饰computer，th at引导的定语从句修饰pictures。
【句意】 他的父亲经常用装满彩色图片的平板电脑来逗男孩子开 心，当你用手戳的时候图片就会动起来。
【分析】现在分词短语arriving at the scene of a crash 用作后置定 语，修饰名词officer，并列连词and 后面的谓语动词是use。
【句意】一个到达车祸现场的警官可以要求司机交出手机以及使用 Textalyzer 的操作系统来检查手机最近的活动。
【词汇】
(1) arrive vi. 到达;降临；作出决定
【分析】 本句主句为This hit home for me。连词as引导时间状语 从句。表语“当......的时候”。
【句意】 在春节假期，当我和我两岁的孙子坐在沙发上时，我深 刻意识到了这一点。
【词汇】 (1) hit home 击中要害；使深刻意识到
真题辨析
5. ( 2022 新课标全国II卷 ) But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
专题04-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解(解析版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习04科普环保类1.（2019·天津）阅读理解How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey （猎物）, the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点）, it is remarkably difficult for them to return.（1）What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？A.The living habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.（2）A strong link is found between two species when a predator______.A.has a wide food choiceB.can easily find new preyC.sticks to one prey speciesD.can quickly move to another place（3）What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.（4）What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.（5）How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？A.By getting illegal practices under control.B.By stopping us from killing large predators.C.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A（5）D【解析】一个生态系统如何工作?是什么造就了不同物种的种群数量?为什么苍蝇这么多，狼却这么少?为了找到答案，科学家们建立了食物网的数学模型，记录了谁吃谁以及吃多少。
专题04-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解-人物故事类(解析版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解04人物故事类1.（2018·天津）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
BWhen I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a water colorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. ""Oh, stop. There it is!"The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us."May I help you?" a man asked. "No," I said. "We're fine." Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are?" he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What's this place?" I asked, still confused. "Well, it's our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! ""There's some really good stuff(艺术作品）up there."She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?""Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone. ""That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thoughtit was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you."（1）What do we know about Marian McNay?A.She was a painter.B.She was a community leader.C.She was a museum director.D.She was a journalist.（2）Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A.She disliked people who were nosy.B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C.She knew more about art than the man.D.She mistook him for a tour guide.（3）How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.（4）Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D.The event happening in the house was more significant.（5）What could we learn from the last paragraph?A.People should have good taste to enjoy life.B.People should spend more time with their family.C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）D（5）C【意思】在我17岁的时候，我在杂志上读到一篇文章，说的是一家名为“麦克奈”(McNay)的博物馆，它曾经是一位名叫玛丽安·麦克奈(Marian McNay)的水彩画家的家。
专题10-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解-人物故事类(原卷版)
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解10人物故事类1.（2015·湖北）阅读理解What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn't a prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can(装罐)and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what's on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,” she said. En gineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony （阳台）? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they're very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it's a great place to start.” “Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.”Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food. Loe noted, there's a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what's in your food, knowing where it comes from.”In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don't take care of the earth, no one will.”（1）The underlined word“prerequisite”(Pare. 1) is closest in meaning to“______”.A.recipeB.substituteC.requirementD.challenge（2）Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?A.They are used daily.B.They are easy to grow.C.They can grow very tallD.They can be eaten uncooked（3）According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?A.It can preserve their best flavorB.It can promote her online salesC.It can better her cooking skillsD.It can improve their nutrition（4）What is the “the bigger picture”(Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?A.The knowledge about good foodB.The way to live a grow-our-own lifeC.The joy of getting in touch with foodsD.The responsibility to protect our earth2.AThe Boy Made It!One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV.It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches ontop of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowinghow much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could- he huddled(蜷缩) in his cave and slept.The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave,becausewithout shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteersearcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.Nicholas mightnot have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had o ften watchedGrylls’ survival show. Man vs. Wild. That's where he learned the tips that saved his life, In each episode(一期节目)of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deed s, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.（1）What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?A.He got lostB.He broke his skis.C.He hurt his eyesD.He caught a cold（2）How did Nicholas keep himself warm?A.He found a shelter.B.He lighted some branches.C.He kept on skiing.D.He built a snow cave.（3）On Tuesday, Nicholas _____.A.returned to his shelter safelyB.was saved by a searcherC.got stuck in the snowD.staved where he was（4）Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he _____.A.did the right things in the dangerous situationB. watched Grylls TV program regularlyC. created some tips for survivalD.was very hard-working3. Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He plantedvegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料). The Smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour. the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of theirhouses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shutdown my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition,but it was surprisingly edible and we drank up every last drop of soup.（1）Why did Dad clean Old Man Mocolgin's chicken house regularlyA.To earn some money for the familyB.To collect manure for his crops.C.To get rid of the terrible smell.D.To set a good example to us.（2）What can we infer about Dad's stew?A.It is popular among the neighbors.B. It contains honey and vegetables.C. It looks very wonderful.D.It tastes quite delicious.（3）What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?A.To attractB.To upsetC. To airD. To shut（4）What can we learn about Dad form the text?A. He is an experienced cook.B.He is a troublesome father.C.He has a positive attitude to life.D. He suffers a lot from his disability.4.When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Thenshe ran along the edge of cliff( 悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.Her owner Mike Holden panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds . Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search.Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet wasdead. He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken . Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark.A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm, a student from Leedsclimbed down the cliff to collect Judy.The dog had initially been knocked unconscious(失去知觉的)but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry,” Steve Tregear said , “It was a very dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.It was ,as Mr. Holden admitted, “a minor miracle(奇迹)”.（1）The dog Jody fell down the cliff when she wasA.rescuing her ownerB.caught in a hurricaneC.blocked by a rockD.running after a sheep（2）Who spotted Judy after the accident?A.A birdwatcherB. A student from LeedsC. Six volunteersD.The coastguard of Cornwall（3）What can we infer from the text?A.A. People like to travel with their pets.B.B. Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.C. Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.D. Holden cared little where Judy was buried.（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Miracle of the Coastguard.B.Surviving a Hurricane.C.Dangers in the Wilding Back from the Dead.。