考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷15(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷15 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1.
Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art
was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art
and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio
and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance
of the land itself as their medium. The message of this survey of British land art
— the most comprehensive to date — is that the British variant, typified by Long’ s
piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American
counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would
consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long’ s photograph
of his work is the work. Since his “action” is in the past the photograph is its sole
embodiment. That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an
exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few
natural objects. Long is Britain’ s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a
perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor,
represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand,
stand for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and
their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery
walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the
few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterises most of our experience of
the landscape most of the time. Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works,
such as John Hilliard’ s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is
variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images
that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph. Generally however
British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes
that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire
Downs. While it probably wasn’ t apparent at the time, much of this work is
permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have
readily understood. Derek Jarman’ s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection
of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English
landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash. In the case of
Hamish Fulton, you can’ t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way
of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a
single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage
and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well
selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn’ t about imposing on the
landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing
through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound
as the paintings of Turner and Constable.
1．
正确答案：D
2．
正确答案：E
3．
正确答案：G
4．
正确答案：C
5．
正确答案：A
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in
their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the
recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the
Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the
writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and
majestic lifestyles? The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against
monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end
of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit
of national unity. It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains
monarchs, continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East excepted,
Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms(not
counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the
Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid
the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. Even so,
kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they
claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies
outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty
考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷20(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷20 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1.
In 2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core.
Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of
human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were
unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry
Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary
step” in a longer battle. On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A
federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could
indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman’s risk of breast cancer.
The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to
firms and patients alike. But as companies continue their attempts at personalised
2015年考研英语阅读真题答案及解析(英一英二) (1)
个人微信：divisionface 新浪微博：大门大门大门 2015年考研英语阅读真题答案及解析 苏州新东方张雷 每年英语考试结束后，总会有很多考生“哀声载道”：今年的题好难啊！比去年难多了！但我觉得这可能都是幻觉吧！拿今年的阅读题来说，确实很难，但是不是最难的，难度总体还是和往年持平的。接下来我们就来分别分析下仔细阅读（四选一题）和新题型 一、仔细阅读 我们很多同学拿到第一篇文章就懵了，第一段讲什么完全看不懂，里面有很多生词看不懂。我在课上反复强调过，读文章切记不要心急，在考场那样高度压抑和紧张的气氛下，越是心急越是看不懂，一定要沉下来细心分析。第一段看不懂，再看一篇，因为第一段一般都是中心主旨段，看懂第一段至关重要。但如果还看不懂就继续往下读，总有能看懂的段落。而且，并不是说文章读不懂就一题都做不出来的，或者说读懂一部分文章也能做对一部分题，如果能保证这部分题的准确率，我相信每篇做对3个问题不大。 1. 在做题的时候我们严格遵守顺序原则：除了主旨题（一般是最后一题）之外，文章的出题顺序和段落顺序保持一致。考研出题方式一题对应一段（多段落推断题除外），也就是说一题的四个选项均来自于这段几句话，正确选项也来自于这段的某句话或者某几句话，当然对于单段落推断题而言，正确选项很有可能是这段的中心主旨。所以，定位准确是做对考研阅读题的一个前提！ 2. 另外，考生也应掌握一些做题技巧，这些做题技巧可以帮助我们提分或者提高准确率。这些技巧就是：1. 选抽象，也就是要排除含有大写字母的 (the Castle, the Palace…) ，人名地名 机构名( California, FTC、CIA…) ，数字 （2008, 20%...），专有名词/专业名词( Worldcup, Sat，REM, prefrontal cortex…)的选项。 2. 选BUT转折后，如果转折后看不懂，就选But 转折后的原词 3. 选主旨（文章反复出现的词语）详情看参考我写的“大数据告诉你考研英语阅读选什么”那篇文章 3. 考生应具备识别错误选项特点的能力 1. 含有比较级或最高级选项，极有可能是错误的 2. 跨段选项极有可能是错误的 3. 含有具体名词的：大写字母的 (the Castle, the Palace…) ；人名地名 机构名( California, FTC、CIA…) ；数字 （2008, 20%...）；专有名词/专业名词( Worldcup, Sat，REM, prefrontal cortex…) 极有可能是错误的。 4. 含有明显名词原词的选项极有可能是错误的。 接下来我们来分析一下英语一text1 个人微信：divisionface 新浪微博：大门大门大门 首先，先题后文还是先文后题这个问题，这里就不在展开详解。然后具体怎么来读文章，这里也不再详细说明，大概过程大家可参考前文。这篇文章讲的是西班牙王室以及英国王室的衰败问题。 21 题 : 根据前两段， King Juan Carlos Spain…. 这是一题段落推断题。根据题干定位到前两段，根据定位词 King Juan Carlos Spain，具体定位到一段的第二句，而且这句含有“but” 是明显的出题句。（不管我们第一段能不能看懂，至少会发现第一段有转折，一定要划出来，转折之后极有可能和文章主旨相关，或者是一个非常重要的出题点。）转折之后说：“但是尴尬的丑闻以及共和制的盛行迫使他（king Juan Carlos）不得不食言并退位了。”所以选择D：在尴尬中结束了他的政权。 A：过去享受很高的公众支持，该选项是根据“When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above” mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.”编造出来选项，这句话的意思：公众对于君主制的看法呈现一边倒的趋势，他们认为君主制高于政治本身，它是一种国家团结统一象征。不符合选项的意思。B: 在欧洲皇室当中不受欢迎。该选项“Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?”编造的选项.这句话的意思是：这意味着欧洲皇室以及他们的庞大的军队和庄严的生活方式面临不祥之兆吗？。不符合选项的意思C: 缓解了他和他的竞争对手之间的关系。无中生有。 22 题：君王被保留成为一个国家的元首主要是因为… 这是一题细节题。根据顺序原则以及题干定位到第三段的BUT转折之后：但是不像专制的海湾以及亚洲国家，大部分欧洲皇室能够保留下来是因为他们让投票人能够很容易找到一个没有争议的而且受人敬重的公众人物。所以选择A： 主要是因为他们（皇室）的没有争议且让人敬重的地位。B：主要是为了使得传统和现实保持平衡。无中生有。C：主要是为了给投票人更多的公众人物来敬仰。该选项也是根据But 转折后编造的选项，显然不符合文章意思。而且给选项还有more public figures根据错误选项第二条：含有比较级或最高级选项，极有可能是错误的。D：因为皇室长期以来都是一种政治的象征。显然这段第一句话说：这种明显的超越政治性解释了…并没有提到他们是政治的象征。 23题：根据第四段，下面哪一个被认为是奇怪的？ 这是一题细节题。根据题干以及定位词odd 定位到第四段中“At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.”翻译成：当Thomas Piketty，以及其他的一些经济学家还在对不断加深的不公以及对于财富继承权力的不断增强发出警告的时候，富有的贵族家庭任然还是现代民主国家的核心象征，这就就让人觉得很奇怪的了。显然选择个人微信：divisionface 新浪微博：大门大门大门 B:贵族在现代民主国家所起到的角色。A：贵族过分依赖继承财富。根据该句，不是让人感到奇怪的原因C. 贵族家庭简单呃生活方式。改选现不仅不是让人感到奇怪的原因，而且文章也没提到贵族生活方式简单。D：贵族坚持他们的特权。此段并没有提到。 24 题：英国皇家最感到恐慌是因为查尔斯… 这是一题细节题。根据顺序原则以及定词 British royals, fear, Charles 定位到最后一段“The danger will come with Charles. Who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service- as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.” 翻译成：危险将会降临在查尔斯身上。查尔斯生活作风奢靡，对世界的看法具有浓厚的封建等级色彩。 他并没有意识到王室之所以能保存下来很大程度上是因为王室，作为一个不可争议的且没有政治色彩的国家元首，起到一种为国家服务的功能。查尔斯应该知道，历史已经表明，是国王而不是共和制是王室最大的敌人。因此选择B: 查尔斯不愿意改变自己的生活作风。 A：对于政治事务处理采取非常严厉的手段。 文章没有提到。 C：把共和制作为自己潜在的盟友。文章没有提到。D：没有让自己去适应未来会充当的角色。文章没有提到。 25题：下面哪个最适合做文章标题 这是一题主旨题。需要把握文章的主旨以及篇章结构才能做出。文章第一二段通过西班牙皇室国王在尴尬中退位引出西班牙王室面临危机，然后从而引出疑问：欧洲君主制是不是即将结束了？第三段：解释为什么欧洲皇室还能保留下来。第四段：即使保留了下来，但是欧洲皇室还是在走下坡路。 第五六段：欧洲皇室为了拉近和民众的距离做出了一些努力。第六段：英国皇室面临很大的问题，忧心忡忡。所以选择 C:Charles, 是所有欧洲王室的前车之鉴。 二、新题型（七选五） 七选五的做题方式：首先迅速浏览文章，尽量搞懂文章篇章结构，知道每段讲什么，知道段与段之间的逻辑关系。其次，重点阅读空格前后两句话，因为空格处要么承上，要么启下，要么既承上又启下。通过这个原理，推断出空格出的大概意思。另外，要找出前后句关键指示词：this， that， these， those， the， it， one， ones， another比较级、最高级、序数词等。这些指示词极有可能暗示空格处大概是什么内容。 此篇文章讲的是如何阅读，比较抽象，涉及到一定的专业知识，所以理解起来比较困难，但尽管如此，利用指示词，或者读文章懂部分的情况下同样是可以把一部分题做对的。 首先通篇扫读大概了解文章篇章结构 个人微信：divisionface 新浪微博：大门大门大门 第一段:阅读的大概程序 第二段：理解的过程不仅仅是被动的吸收，而是积极推理并且解决问题 第三段：我们在理解文章内容时可能会陷入的一个误区 第四段：我们对于文章的理解可能会受到个人因素以及背景环境的影响，导致概念模糊或者彼此不能理解。但是，这并不代表我们的个人理解就是毫无意义的。 第五段：我们阅读的方式在一定程度上也取决于我们的阅读兴趣和阅读目的。 41. 空格前：你是阅读程序是什么样的？显然，你通过理解每一个单词的意思，然后搞清楚每个单词之间的关系以及通过应用特定的语法知识的方式去尝试理解文章。空格后：你开始推究文章中涉及什么样的演讲事件：谁发表了演讲，跟谁演讲，在哪儿，什么时候，从而去推断文章的背景。 空格前后都是讲的阅读的过程，显然，空格处也一定讲的是阅读的过程，符合这个推断的只有 C选项： 如果你对某个单词或者某个词语不太熟悉，你会根据上下文的线索去猜测他们的意思。你会假设，这些词在后面会有所关联，在此假设下，你记住每个语篇以及他们彼此的关系， 42. 空格前：作者可能会把意在表达的信息放到某些特定的线索或暗示中表达出来，那么，你需要做出一定的推断才能把握这些信息，作者也意图让读者能够推断出这些信息。 空格后：用这种方式来理解的话… 显然空格出应该是承上启下，那么通过选项排除，发现E ：你进一步的推断（make further inferences）…. 和上文一致，都是在讲理解文章时，需要进行一定的推断。而且，E选项中有个关键的比较级：further inferences,这也暗示，前一句应该提到推断，而前一句确实提到infer 这个同义词的。 43. 空格前：我们所要讨论的不是想起某一个确切的或者是固定的含义，这个含义可以通过阅读而掌握或者通过阅读来检验其准确性。我们所要讨论的也不是文章和世界之间无休无止的关联。空格后：这写背景资料就必然反映出我们是什么样的人。所以空格应该承上启下，承上讲“我们所要讨论的内容”，启下讲“这些背景资料”根据选项排除，只有G符合这两点要求：（我们要讨论的）而是文章含义应该建立在文章内容和背景知识应该相结合，相互动的基础之上的。这种相互结合相互互动的关系体现在：我们所理解的文章的组织以及行文结构和我们所带给文章的各种各样的背景、社会知识、信仰、态度等（“背景资料”）。 44. 空格前：这写背景资料就必然反映出我们是什么样的人。 空格后：但是，这并不代表我们的个人理解就是毫无意义的。空格处承上启下，通过排除，只有B符合这两条：一些因素，诸如我们阅读的地点和时间，我们的性别、种族、年龄以及社会阶级都会促使我们得出某种相同的理解，当然也会让我们产生一些模糊的或者彼此不能互通的的理解。
2015年考研英语一真题与解析
2015 年考研英语一真题 原文及答案解析完整版
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D
on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as “ related ” as fourth cousins, sharing about That is _(1)_a
study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs
of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.
While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “ Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin. ”
2015年考研英语一真题与解析 2
2015 年考研英语一真题 原文及答案解析完整版
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D
on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as “ related ” as fourth cousins, sharing about That is _(1)_a
study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs
of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.
While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “ Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin. ”
成人本科学位英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷15(题后含答案及解析)
成人本科学位英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷15 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1.
Textbook prices are traditionally high. “ Combined with the rising cost of
tuition, the price of books for our students is just killing these kids,” said Peter Jason,
Ph.D. , a local community college professor. Adding to that problem, many college
instructors change textbooks year after year: they either upgrade to a new edition or
switch to an entirely different textbook. This further hurts students because if an
instructor no longer uses a particular textbook, that book has no resale value.
Students are one of the poorest groups of people in America. Almost half of them
have at least one part-time job. In fact, some even have three jobs and still manage to
have high grades and go to school full-time. So Dr. Jason decided to make life a
little easier and a lot cheaper for his students by writing his own book on public
2015考研英语一真题及答案解析
2015考研英语一真题及答案解析
2015年考研英语一真题及答案解析
2015年的考研英语一真题是众多考生备考过程中的重要参考资料之一。考研英语作为考试的重要科目，对考生的英语综合能力有着较高的要求。以下将对2015年考研英语一真题及答案解析进行详细分析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握考试内容。
真题分析
2015年考研英语一真题由阅读理解、完形填空和翻译三个部分组成。下面将对各个部分进行分析：
阅读理解部分
阅读理解部分包含了三篇文章，分别涉及文化类、科技类和社会生活类话题。考生需要通过阅读理解文章内容，回答相关问题。此部分主要考察考生的阅读理解能力和对文章隐含意思的理解。
完形填空部分
完形填空部分由一篇短文组成，主要考察考生对文章整体的理解能力。考生需要根据文章的语境和上下文的提示，在空白处选择最佳答案，完成短文的阅读。
翻译部分 翻译部分要求考生将一段英文短文翻译成中文。此部分考察考生的英语翻译能力和语言表达能力。考生需要准确地理解原文的含义，并用流畅准确的中文表达出来。
答案解析
阅读理解部分的答案解析主要涉及对文章中问题的分析和解答。考生需要仔细阅读每个问题，并结合文章的内容找到正确答案的依据。对于涉及推理和判断的问题，考生需要在理解文章的基础上，进行合理的分析推断。
完形填空部分的答案解析主要涉及对短文整体的理解和上下文的推断。考生需要从文章的语境和逻辑关系出发，判断空白处最佳答案的逻辑连贯性和连贯性。
翻译部分的答案解析主要涉及对翻译的准确性和表达能力的评价。考生需要尽量准确地表达原文的含义，并注意语法和语言的表达方式，力求用流畅准确的中文表达出英文原文的含义。
总结
2015年考研英语一真题及答案解析是考生备考过程中必不可少的参考资料。通过对真题的分析和解析，考生可以更好地理解考试内容，提高解题能力和应试技巧。同时，需要考生注重对英语阅读理解和翻译能力的培养，不断提高自己的英语综合能力，以取得优异的考试成绩。
2015考研英语一真题及答案
2015考研英语一真题及答案
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for
each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET.
(10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as
“related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes.
That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of
California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted
_(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated
friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used
in both_(5)_.
While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As
James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San
Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth
cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people
2015考研英语一真题及答案解析 2
2015考研英语一真题及答案解析
2015考研英语一真题及答案解析
随着中国高等教育的普及和国内研究生教育的迅速发展，考研成为许多本科生的选择。其中，英语一作为考研英语科目的一部分，对考生的综合能力要求较高。本文将对2015年考研英语一真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解题目和答案。
第一部分：阅读理解
阅读理解是考研英语一的重点和难点，需要考生具备较强的阅读理解能力和词汇积累。2015年考研英语一的阅读理解部分共有三篇文章，分别是《The
Future of Work》、《The Benefits of Bilingualism》和《The Power of Sleep》。
首先是《The Future of Work》一文，主要讨论了未来工作的趋势和变化。文章通过对历史上工作方式的回顾，指出了技术革命对工作方式的影响。同时，文章还提到了自由职业的兴起和全球化对职业发展的影响。对于这篇文章，考生需要注意抓住关键词，理解作者的观点和论证方式。例如，作者在文章中提到了技术革命对工作方式的改变，可以从中得出作者认为未来工作将更加依赖技术的观点。
接下来是《The Benefits of Bilingualism》一文，主要探讨了双语对个人发展的好处。文章通过举例和数据分析，证明了双语能力对个人认知能力的提升和职业竞争力的增强。对于这篇文章，考生需要注意抓住关键词，理解作者的观点和论证方式。例如，作者在文章中提到了双语能力对个人认知能力的提升，可以从中得出作者认为双语能力对个人发展有积极影响的观点。
最后是《The Power of Sleep》一文，主要探讨了睡眠对个人健康和工作效率的重要性。文章通过举例和科学研究，证明了睡眠对身体和大脑的重要作用。对于这篇文章，考生需要注意抓住关键词，理解作者的观点和论证方式。例如，作者在文章中提到了睡眠对工作效率的影响，可以从中得出作者认为睡眠对个人健康和工作效率有重要影响的观点。
考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷30(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷30 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1.
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Cant Redmon stumbled across
CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was
attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets
visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a
matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal,
intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first
notification of an opening. “I struck gold”, says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to
the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With
thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be
time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to
考研英语一(完形填空)模拟试卷15(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语一（完形填空）模拟试卷15 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Use of English
Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best
word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)
In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which,
taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words【B1】______which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we 【B2】______,
that is to say, from the【B3】______of our own family and from our familiar associates,
and 【B4】______ we should know and use 【B5】______ we could not read or write.
They 【B6】______ the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who【B7】______the language.such words may be called “popular”, since they belong to
the people 【B8】______ and are not the exclusive【B9】______of a limited class. On