考研英语二模拟测评三试卷及答案
1 英语（二）模拟试题（三） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)
Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settlement with the giant social network over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their personal data. The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users’ trust. It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social networks in America. The regulator’s findings come at a 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10 its willingness to negotiate the settlement 11 this week. Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive, and 12 federal law”. For instance, it 13 personally identifiable information to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts 14 . The settlement does not 15 an admission by Facebook that it has broken the law, but it deeply 16 the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s boss, tried to 17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes” were 18 the social network’s “good history” on privacy. The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers’ approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years. There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers’ privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate. 1. [A] setting [B] playing [C] lighting [D] turning 2. [A] craft [B] documentary [C] trade [D] draft 3. [A] verdicts [B] allegations [C] rumors [D] affirmation 4. [A] boasts [B] exaggerates [C] estimates [D] assesses 5. [A] impulse [B] initiative [C] innovation [D] motion 6. [A] increase [B] elevation [C] rise [D] appearance 7. [A] indispensable [B] essential [C] critical [D] fundamental 8. [A] steer [B] clear [C] lay [D] remove 9. [A] controversy [B] competition [C] dispute [D] compromise 2
10. [A] despite [B] given [C] although [D] hence 11. [A] unveiled [B] discovered [C] exposed [D] revealed 12. [A] violated [B] assaulted [C] resisted [D] betrayed 13. [A] informed [B] entrust [C] imparted [D] confided 14. [A] available [B] retrievable [C] reversible [D] inaccessible 15. [A] constitute [B] correspond [C] confirm [D] conceive 16. [A] involves [B] strikes [C] embarrasses [D] attacks 17. [A] turn down [B] cut down [C] play down [D] bring down 18. [A] overshadowing [B] overlooking [C] overtaking [D] overthrowing 19. [A] expert [B] external [C] formal [D] automatic 20. [A] and [B] but [C] thus [D] despite
Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions : Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .(40 points)
Text 1 Most American movies are produced in Hollywood, California. Hollywood, which is actually not a separate city but a part of Los Angeles, is an ideal spot for the movie industry. The sun shines most of the time, and the climate is mild. Almost every kind of natural scenery is within a few hours’ drive. Hollywood becomes the center of national attention one evening a year－Academy Award night. At the Academy Award presentation held each spring, statuettes called Oscars are given to film industry winners in dozens of categories, including best actor, best actress, and best picture. The winners are chosen by members of the industry before the ceremony, but their names are kept secret until presentation night, when they are announced in a long, nationally televised program. Motion pictures were extremely popular in the United States after World War II, when television captured much of the movie audience. Geared to the masses, Hollywood movies offered much the same type of entertainment as television does. With free entertainment in their homes, many Americans simply stopped going to movies. Between 1946 and 1956, movie attendance was cut in half. At the same time, production costs zoomed. The movie industry was in trouble. The industry adjusted itself in a number of ways. Movie companies rented sound stages to TV companies and sold old movies to TV. To cut costs, Hollywood produced fewer movies and filmed many of them overseas. To lure audiences, the industry invested in new lenses, wider screens, and stereophonic sound. Studios also began producing kinds of entertainment that could not be offered by TV-films with controversial or shocking themes, films with huge casts and lavish settings. As a result of these changes, today the American motion picture industry is thriving. 21.What makes Hollywood a great place for American movie industry according to the passage? [A] A famous part of Los Angeles [B] Favorable natural and traffic conditions
考研模考英语二试卷及答案解析
考研英语模考试卷Reading ComprehensionRead the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(100points)Text1第1段：The world’s richest1%are on course to control as much as two-thirds of the world’s wealth by2030,according to a shocking analysis.World leaders are being warned that the continued accumulation of wealth at the top will fuel growing distrust and anger over the coming decade unless action is taken to restore the balance.第2段：An alarming projection produced by the House of Commons library suggests that if trends seen since the2008financial crash were to continue,then the top1%will hold64%of the world’s wealth by2030.Since2008,the wealth of the richest1%has been growing at an average of6%a year—much faster than the3%growth in wealth of the remaining99%of the world’s population.Should that continue,the top1%would hold wealth equating to$305tn(£216.5tn)—up from$140tn today.第3段：Analysts suggest wealth has become concentrated at the top because of recent income inequality,higher rates of saving among the wealthy,and the accumulation of assets.The wealthy also invested a large amount of equity in businesses,stocks and other financial assets, which have handed them disproportionate benefits.第4段：A major problem with the influence exerted by the very wealthy leads to falling levels of trust.In a new polling by Opinium,participants were asked to select a group that would have the most power in2030,and most(34%)said the super-rich,while28%opted for national governments.Those surveyed said they feared the consequences of wealth inequality would be rising levels of corruption(41%)or the“super-rich enjoying unfair influence on government policy”(43%).第5段：The research above was commissioned by Liam Byrne,the former Labour cabinet minister,as part of a gathering of MPs,academics,business leaders,trade unions and civil society leaders focused on addressing the problem.第6段：Byrne,who organised the first OECD(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)global parliamentary conference on inclusive growth,cautioned that the already tilted scale of world’s wealth was about to“take its last straw”.“If we don’t take steps to rewritethe rules of how our economies work,then we condemn ourselves to a future that remains unequal for good,”he said.“That’s morally bad,and economically disastrous,risking a new explosion in instability,corruption and poverty.”第7段：Danny Dorling,professor of geography at the University of Oxford,said the scenario in which the super-rich accumulated even more wealth by2030was a realistic one.“Even if the income of the wealthiest people in the world stops rising dramatically in the future,their wealth will continue to grow for one to two more decades”he said.1.According to Paragraph1,what would happen by2030A.World leaders would be relieved of their position.B.Public anger at the wealthiest would be reconciled.C.The richest would pocket over half of the world’s wealth.D.The poor would demonstrate their power through protest.2.It is suggested that the other99%of the world’s population.A.was far more impacted by the2008financial crisis than the richest1%B.could hardly catch up with the other1%in wealth despite moderate growthC.has to double its increase rate in wealth to achieve a proportional distributionD.needs to expand their investment in business and other financial assets3.The results from Opinium’s new polling are mentioned to.A.demonstrate people’s declining faith in government sectorsB.explain the supreme power possessed by the super-richC.express the growing concern over political corruptionD.reveal unfair policy-making in favor of the super-rich4.The expression“take its last straw”is closest in meaning to.A.collapse under the ultimate burdenB.take the last opportunityC.face a demanding challengeplete its final process5.According to Danny Dorling,the current trend of wealth accumulation among the super-rich is.A.dramaticB.questionableC.idealisticD.unstoppableText2第1段：The number of people forced to flee their homes rose to a record high in2017,with 16.2million people newly displaced around the world.The figure includes people who have been displaced for the first time,and those who have been forced from their homes multiple times.第2段：The figure of68.5million displaced people—3million higher than the total population of the UK—includes25.4million refugees,40million internally displaced and3.1 million asylum seekers.The increase came despite the return of more than5million displaced people to their countries of origins.第3段：Despite its large number,displaced population in some sense is not a ubiquitous issue. The annual figures,compiled by the UN refugee agency,UNHCR(United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees),saw five countries accounting for two-thirds of all refugees (excluding those defined as long-term Palestinian refugees):Syria(6.3million);Afghanistan(2.6 million);South Sudan(2.4million);Myanmar(1.2million)and Somalia(986,400).第4段：The new figures emerged after the actor and director Angelina Jolie,a special envoy for the UN agency,warned of a funding shortfall for the agency’s work in Syria—the largest group of displaced.Speaking during a visit to Domiz Camp in Iraq on Sunday,home to33,000refugees displaced by the Syrian war,Jolie told a press conference that the agency’s appeal for Syrian refugees was hugely underfunded even in comparison with last year.第5段：When UNHCR’s Syria response was only50%funded last year,and this year it is only17%funded,there are terrible human consequences.We should be under no illusions about this.When there is even not the bare minimum of aid,refugee families cannot receive adequate medical treatment,women and girls will be left vulnerable to sexual violence,many children cannot go to school,and we squander the opportunity of being able to invest in refugees so that they can acquire new skills and support their families.第6段：The new totals come at the end of a decade of sharply rising numbers of displaced, which have risen inexorably from more than42million in2007to the current total.This means one in every110people in the world is currently displaced,with most of the sharp increase occurring in the last five years.第7段：Although Syria once again dominated the figures,2017was also marked by a significant rise in displaced people from North and Central America,with increasing numbers of people journeying to seek asylum in Mexico and the US,even as Venezuelans continued to flow out to neighbouring countries.The totals also saw the sixth successive year of increases in the number of refugees under UNHCR’s mandate,with a rise of just under3million last year to atotal just short of20million,the highest known total to date.6.The current trend of the number of displaced population is the one of.A.steadinessB.fluctuationC.declineD.upsurge7.By listing figures of the five countries,the author intends to show that.A.Syria has the largest number of refugees among the five countriesB.the other one-third of the refugees can hardly be identifiedC.displaced population concentrates in a few number of countriesD.civil conflicts are most serious in some Middle-east countries8.According to Jolie,the relief work in Syria faces the problem of.A.overpopulation of refugeesB.inadequacy in fundingC.political disagreementD.local disturbances9.Which of the following would happen without even minimum aid?A.Refugees would be deprived of the chance to earn their own living.B.Females would stand at a grave disadvantage against mistreatment.C.Children cannot be admitted to schools opened for non-refugees.D.The spread of epidemic cannot be controlled in refugee camps.10.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.The Rising Number of Refugees WorldwideB.The Difficulty in Seeking Political AsylumC.The Complete Failure of UNHCR’s MandateD.The Serious Situation of Syrian RefugeesText3第1段：Barely3percent of the American work force bikes or walks to work with any frequency,despite the obvious virtues:decreased risks for obesity and diabetes,environmental benefits and lower transportation costs.Ask people why they“eschew”what’s known as active commuting,however,as many surveys have,and the primary reason cited is time.Those thingstake too long,most say.第2段：They’re probably wrong.A new study published in a journal called “Transportmetrica A:Transport Science”shows that people often overestimate the timerequired to commute actively,a miscalculation especially common when someone has secured a parking permit near the office.第3段：For the study,researchers at Penn State solicited the school’s faculty,staff and students to complete an extensive series of online questionnaires about their fitness,health, commuting and parking habits,comfort and ability on a bike or as pedestrians,distance from home to their main workplace on campus and how long they thought it would take them to either bike or walk that distance.Only a few of the505respondents went by foot or bike;most of them were students.Estimates of commuting times were then compared with the corresponding route times calculated by Google Maps.The researchers independently timed some of the routes by walking or riding them.第4段：The survey participants—faculty and staff members above all—proved to be generally poor at guessing active-commuting times.About90percent of their estimates were too long by at least10minutes.The few assessments close to Google’s were almost always made by riders or walkers.Parking availability and distances affected the estimates.第5段：Those with parking permits,a fiercely sought-after campus amenity,tended to overestimate active-commuting times significantly;the closer someone lived to the workplace,the better the guesses.Confidence had an outsize effect,too.The people surveyed,especially women, who had little bicycling experience or who did not feel physically fit thought that active commuting would require considerably more time than the Google calculations.第6段：The study is limited,of course,because it relies on an insular,self-selected group ofrespondents to provide information about themselves,a topic on which people can be surprisingly unreliable.The published results also did not delve into such pressing active-commuting concerns as hygiene,showers or the logistics of carrying changes of clothes.第7段：“But the study’s results do indicate that time may be less of a barrier to active commuting than many might anticipate,”says Melissa Bopp,an associate professor of kinesiology at Penn State and the study’s senior author.“I’d urge anyone who is considering biking or walking to work to do a test run,”she says,perhaps on a weekend(although the traffic patterns will be different from those during the week).Ask colleagues for route suggestions.“Google is good at finding bike paths,”she says,but it emphasizes brevity and directness over scenery for walkers.11.The word“eschew”(Para.1)most probably means.A.breachB.guardC.acclaimD.avoid12.According to the“Transportmetrica A:Transport Science”,people.A.fail to calculate the active commute time correctlyB.are reduced to finding parking space personallyC.overrate the required time to secure a parking permitD.make an accurate prediction about the time consumed13.Which of the following is true about the survey participants according to Paragraphs4and5?A.Their mathematical ability is inferior to others’.B.The influence of confidence has been overvalued.C.Parking right is a contributing factor to their calculation.D.They feel physically fit by choosing an active commute.14.According to Melissa Bopp,the time consumed in active commuting may.A.be exaggerated partlyB.deserve more attentionC.be estimated continuallyD.need to be strengthened15.Melissa Bopp’s attitude toward working by bike or by foot is.A.indifferentB.supportiveC.indignantD.apprehensiveText4第1段：How effective are antimicrobial“courtesy masks”at preventing the spread of contagious airborne illnesses?The best evidence suggests that,when sick,wearing a mask can help to protect others from getting sick.And when well,wearing a mask around those who are sick will probably decrease your own chances of becoming infected.But the masks are far from foolproof.第2段：Courtesy masks,or what we doctors refer to as medical masks,were introduced into the operating room in the late1800s.They quickly became popular among a public eager to protect itself against the influenza epidemic of1918.A century later,the advent of modern molecular techniques confirmed that medical masks can indeed provide good protection againstflu.第3段：In a2013study,researchers counted the number of virus particles in the air around patients with flu.They found that medical masks decreased the exhalation of large viral droplets 25-fold.The masks were,however,less effective against the fine viral droplets that can remain suspended in the air longer and are therefore more infectious,cutting them by2.8times.第4段：Surgical masks also afford fairly good protection for the worried well.In an oft-cited study of446nurses,researchers found surgical masks were as good,or nearly as good,at protecting the wearer against flu as breathing apparatus,a somewhat more high-tech,masklike device used in hospitals.The work of Australian investigators provides further support for the value of the simple medical mask.They estimate that in a home setting,wearing a surgical mask decreases a well person’s risk of getting sick by60percent to80percent.第5段：However,most people fail to wear a mask faithfully enough to achieve this degree of protection,and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention remains ambiguous about the use of masks outside of health care settings.“No recommendation can be made at this time for mask use in the community by asymptomatic persons,including those at high risk for complications,to prevent exposure to influenza viruses,”the agency concludes on its website,“If you don’t have a mask,or don’t want to wear one,standing at least six feet from an infected person will increase your chances for staying healthy.”第6段：The air surrounding sick people,even if they aren’t coughing or sneezing,is loaded with small infectious particles,and the farther you are from them,the better.Washing your hands frequently,of course,is also critical for staying healthy,since touching infected fingers to the eyes, nose or mouth can transmit infection.16.It can be inferred from Paragraph1that wearing a mask.A.can defend the sick from radiationB.still faces the danger of getting sickC.is of little significance for the healthyD.enjoys a vital position against epidemics17.Modern molecular techniques verified.A.people’s increased awareness of the fluB.their significant impact on medicineC.the reliability of medical masksD.the urgency of fighting against flu18.According to Paragraph4,which of the following is true about masks?A.The effect of masks is no less than that of breathing apparatus.B.Masks can actually assist people with psychological anxiety.C.Masklike-device has gained popularity in hospitals and clinics.D.Australian investigators offer new insights into medical masks.19.In Paragraph5,the author shows his concern that.A.the habit of wearing masks has not yet been cultivatedB.most people didn’t succeed in addressing some problemsC.the agency failed to give some constructive suggestionsD.the use of masks is not generalized in health care settings20.In an environment loaded with infectious particles,people.A.are bound to suffer from coughingB.are suggested to take some precautionsC.are unable to be healthy by any meansD.are supposed to stay away from the sick答案解析：题号：1.【答案】C。
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟测试卷(2)
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟测试卷（2）下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Holiday eating gets a bad rap. Around New Years, we’re hit with calls to clean up our wayward diets by eliminating 1and counting calories. But psychologists and epidemiologists alike 2 that all this fuss could do more harm than good.The social aspect of the holidays can make it difficult to 3 your usual diet—it’s hard to 4 another cookie or glass of wine when everyone around you is partaking—so it’s understandable if you feel like you must have caused your body harm. But research suggests that festive meals come with their own set of health 5. A 2017 study published in Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology found that people who ate more meals in social 6 were more likely to feel better about themselves and have a wider social network—characteristics that, as the study authors point out, are 7with happiness, wellbeing, and lower risk of illness. Evening meals involving alcohol were the most likely to 8 feelings of warmth and bonding.Sometimes, participating in these social situations involves 9caloric, fatty, or sugary foods and drinks. Bioethicists at Johns Hopkins argue that those foods, too, have health value. “Sharing food is a way to express love, forge relationships, and 10 bonds,”they wrote in an article published in the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. “What we eat expresses our personal and 11 identities.”Our cultural obsession over whether foods are healthy or not is 12universal. Psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania recently asked 947 Indian, French, and American participants to sort a list of foods in whatever 13they deemed mostappropriate. Their results showed that 14French and Indian respondents generally chose to sort foods into 15 groupings like “food vs. drink,” most Americans chose to 16 foods by whether they deemed them healthy or unhealthy.Researchers found that the French were the most likely to associate food with pleasure, and the least likely to associate food with health. Americans were on the 17 end of the spectrum. That’s significant because French people, on average, have lower rates of heart disease and live around four years longer. That’s not to say that French diets are the key to health and 18, but a(n) 19 on the pleasure of food rather than its health-value certainly doesn’t seem to 20.1. 【完形填空】第1题答案是A. weedsB. treatsC. drugsD. staples正确答案：B2. 【完形填空】第2题的答案是A. denyB. demandC. cautionD. promise正确答案：C3. 【完形填空】第3题的答案是A. diversifyB. improveC. balanceD. maintain正确答案：D4. 【完形填空】第4题的答案是A. turn down第 2 页共 21 页B. eat upC. indulge inD. settle for正确答案：A5. 【完形填空】第5题的答案是A. restrictionsB. benefitsC. regulationsD. risks正确答案：B6. 【完形填空】第6题的答案是A. classesB. termsC. settingsD. relations正确答案：C7. 【完形填空】第7题的答案是A. comparedB. presentedC. associatedD. equipped正确答案：C8. 【完形填空】第8题的答案是A. suppressB. exhaustC. exploitD. trigger正确答案：D9. 【完形填空】第9题的答案是A. preparingB. consumingC. limitingD. avoiding正确答案：B10. 【完形填空】第10题的答案是A. reinforceB. diminishC. aggravateD. disconnect正确答案：A11. 【完形填空】第11题的答案是A. nationalB. culturalC. privateD. group正确答案：D12. 【完形填空】第12题的答案是A. in partB. far fromC. in essenceD. as usual正确答案：B13. 【完形填空】第13题的答案是A. combinationB. situationC. directionD. manner正确答案：D第 4 页共 21 页14. 【完形填空】第14题的答案是A. sinceB. untilC. whileD. unless正确答案：C15. 【完形填空】第15题的答案是A. neutralB. binaryC. openD. sequential正确答案：A16. 【完形填空】第16题的答案是A. purchaseB. processC. categorizeD. evaluate正确答案：C17. 【完形填空】第17题的答案是A. oppositeB. identicalC. severeD. moderate正确答案：A18. 【完形填空】第18题的答案是A. prosperityB. freedomC. wealthD. longevity正确答案：D19. 【完形填空】第19题的答案是A. banB. focusC. attemptD. attack正确答案：B20. 【完形填空】第20题的答案是A. hurtB. careC. matterD. hold正确答案：A下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
英语二模拟三
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考（英语二）模拟试题三Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Britons in their late 30s and early 40s are 1 than any other age group, suffering from loneliness and depression as work and relationship pressures 2 their toll, according to a 3 on Wednesday.The research, 4 relationship advice charity Relate, found a fifth of those 5 35 to 44 wished they had a better relationship with their family, 6 nearly a third saying these relationships would improve if they could work 7 hours.."Traditionally we 8 the midlife 9 with people in their late 40s to 50s, but the report reveals that this period could be reaching people earlier than we would expect," said Claire Tyler, chief executive of Relate."It's when life gets really hard -- you're starting a family, pressure at work can be 10 and money worries can be 11 crippling."Relate found that 22 percent of 35 to 44-year-olds had suffered depression because of a bad 12 , and 40 percent had been cheated on by a partner.The survey of 2,004 adults showed that, across all age groups, money worries and unemployment were the biggest strain on people's relationships with their partners, while communication problems, working long hours and the 13 of housework also 14 pressure on couples.The ways in which people communicate with their friends and family have changed with the growth of modern technology, the survey found, with emails and 15 messages more popular than face-to-face communication for 16 in touch with friends.A quarter of parents said they used social networking 17 such as Facebook and MySpace to keep in contact with their children, while one in 10 parents said they had no face to face contact with their children at all.Relationships with dads have 18 suffered from changes to family 19 , the charity said, with a third of dads who are divorced or 20 never seeing their children, compared to 10 percent of mums.1. A. happier B. unhappier C. more pleasant D. less pleasant2. A. make B. exert C. take D. get3. A. survey B. investigation C. archive D. document4. A. of B. at C. in D. by5. A. aging B. aged C. of D. yeared6. A. with B. while C. when D. where7. A. little B. less C. few D. fewer8. A. connected B. linked C. associated D. obsessed9. A. tragedy B. comedy C. ridicule D. crisis10. A. big B. profound C. immense D. thorough11. A. more B. increasingly C. approximately D. usually12. A. partnership B. relationship C. marriage D. friendship13. A. shares B. cooperating C. division D. conviction14. A. made B. took C. exerted D. got15. A. oral B. written C. text D. printed16. A. staying B. maintaining C. holding D. withholding17. A. places B. sites C. spots D. locations18. A. specially B. consequently C. constantly D. particularly19. A. organization B. composition C. institution D. structure20.A. married B. singled C. widowed D. separatedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C, or D. mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the "labor-market premium to skill"—or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduate earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance since the 1980s. In 2005, The typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma. There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely.No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating col lege as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of moneyon very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hyb rid (混合动力汽车); an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.21. What’s the opinion of economists about going to college?A．Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.B．It doesn’t pay to run into debt to receive a college education.C．College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.D．Going to college doesn’t necessarily bring the expected returns.22. The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century, ________. A．enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universitiesB．the labor market preferred high-school to college graduatesC．competition for university admissions was far more fierce than todayD．the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed23. Students who attend an in-state college or university can ________.A．save more on tuitionB．receive a better educationC．take more liberal-arts coursesD．avoid traveling long distances24. In this consumerist age, most parents ________.A．regard college education as a wise investmentB．place a premium on the prestige of the CollegeC．think it crucial to send their children to collegeD．consider college education a consumer product25. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?A．Their employment prospects after graduation.B．A satisfying experience within their budgets.C．Its facilities and learning environment.D．Its ranking among similar institutions.Text 2Hormone levels and hence our moods may be affected by the weather. Gloomy weather can cause depression, but sunshine appears to raise the spirits. In Britain, for example, the dull weather of winter drastically cuts down the amount of sunlight that is experienced, which strongly affects some people. They become so depressed and lacking in energy that their work and social life are affected. This condition has been given the name SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder). Sufferers can fight back by making the most of any sunlight in winter and by spending a few hours each day under special, full-spectrum lamps. These provide more ultraviolet and blue-green light than ordinary fluorescent and tungsten lights. Some Russian scientists claim that children learn better after being exposed to ultraviolet light. In warm countries, hours of work are often arranged so that workers can take a break, or even a siesta, during the hottest part of the day. Scientists are working to discover the links between the weather and human beings’ moods and performance.It is generally believed that tempers grow shorter in hot, muggy weather. There is no doubt thatcrimes against the person rise in the summer, when the weather is hotter, and fall in the winter when the weather is colder. Research in the United States has shown a relationship between temperature and street riots. The frequency of riots rises dramatically as the weather gets warmer, hitting a peak around 27-30℃. But is this effect really due to a mood change caused by the heat? Some scientists argue that trouble starts more often in hot weather merely because there are more people in the street when the weather is good.Psychologists have also studied how being cold affects performance. Researchers compared divers working in icy cold water at 5℃with others in water at 20℃(about swimming pool temperature). The colder water made the divers worse at simple arithmetic and other mental tasks. But significantly, their performance was impaired as soon as they were put into the cold water-- before their bodies had time to cool down. This suggests that the low temperature did not slow down mental functioning directly, but the feeling of cold distracted the divers from their tasks. Psychologists have conducted studies showing that people become less skeptical and more optimistic when the weather is sunny. However, this apparently does not just depend on the temperature. An American psychologist studied customers in a temperature-controlled restaurant. They gave bigger tips when the sun was shining and smaller tips when it wasn't, even though the temperature in the restaurant was the same. A link between weather and mood is made believable by the evidence for a connection between behavior and the length of the daylight hours. This in turn might involve the level of a hormone called melatonin, produced in the pineal gland in the brain. The amount of melatonin falls with greater exposure to daylight. Research shows that melatonin plays an important part in the seasonal behavior of certain animals. For example, food consumption of stags increases during the winter, reaching a peak in February / March. It falls again to a low point in May, then rises to a peak in September, before dropping to another minimum in November. Theses changes seem to be triggered by varying melatonin levels.26. Why did the divers perform less well in colder conditions?A. They were less able to concentrate.B. Their body temperature fell too quickly.C. Their mental functions were immediately affected by the cold.D. They were used to swimming pool conditions.27. The number of daylight hours ______.A. affects the performance of workers in restaurantsB. influences animal feeding habitsC. makes animals more activeD. prepares humans for having greater leisure time28. Human irritability may be influenced by ______.A. how nervous and aggressive people areB. reaction to certain weather phenomenaC. the number of ions being generated by weatherD. the attitude of people to thunderstorms29. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the text?A. It is advisable for SAD sufferers to exposed to more sunlight.B. The increasing number of street riots can be attributed to rising temperature.C. Man’s performance can be impaired by low temperature because it makes human mindswork less efficiently.D. The amount of customers’ tips is affected by the weather.30. From the passage we can conclude that ______.A. cold weather can increase crimes against the personB. cool temperature can ruin the performance of the personC. certain temperature can slow down mental functions of all animalsD. certain weather can affect the mood of all animalsText 3A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" research, i.e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves. Any scientist working for such organizations and investigation in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand.At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense: the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms. Nevertheless, the scientist was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform.As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently. The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques in industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. Owing to the large sums of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives. In this way, it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed research.One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research, especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Since private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science--not only pure sciences, but applied science as well.31. In the past there was no "directed" research because ______.A. no government would prefer itB. there were no industrial research organizationC. scientists were allowed complete freedom to do the research they want toD. insufficient equipment and instruments were available32. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. In programmed research scientists has a supposed program to go by.B. Government departments apply programmed research on an increasing scale nowadays.C. Applied science and pure science rely on each other.D. Private industrial departments are not a little interested in long-term research.33. All of the following are factors to help cause the shift from pure to applied science expect____.A. private industry and government departments’ concentrationB. better research conditionsC. emphasis on practical application of quick research resultsD. programmed research34. How is the situation likely to affect the future of science?A. Applied and pure science will simultaneously advance rapidly.B. Pure science will be much stimulated by applied science.C. Applied science and pure science will be separately independent.D. The future of both applied science and pure science will be threatened.35. The best title for this passage is likely to be ______.A. Tendency towards programmed research and its effectsB. Danger posed by the programmed researchC. Separation of pure and applied sciencesD. Industrial research tends to be more appliedText 4It is well known that animals are affected by human noise pollution. For example, dark-eyed junco birds that live in cities sing both louder and with a different song than their countryside counterparts. However, human noise pollution is not contained to cities, and even our oceans are filled with the noise from ships, motorboats and jet skis.Most research into human noise pollution has looked at how animals deal with communicating when there’s more noise than what they’re used to. However, noise can disrupt more than j ust an animal’s ability to communicate. Have you ever been in a bar, and had trouble enjoying your food, just because the music was too obnoxious? Or, if you happen to like pounding beats with your pizza, what about when you’re in a restaurant and an elect ric piano version of a Celine Dion song comes on and it makes you feel so physically sick that it’s hard to digest your soup.While these aren’t exactly the kind of problems that other animals face, having human-made noise might impair animals’ ability t o find food by stressing it out, making it less hungry, or more directly through interfering with the animal’s ability to detect its food.A recent study compared the effects of human noise on two fishes: three-spined sticklebacks and European minnows. The researchers played a recording of ships to the fish while they were foraging to see how their behaviour differed from when they foraged with a playback of silence. When being played the sound of ships, both species of fish ate less of their food (the waterflea, Daphnia) and were startled more often than when they had quiet. However, it seems that the noise disrupted the behaviour of the sticklebacks and minnows in different ways.When the sticklebacks were played the ship noise, they made more errors while they were foraging, whereas the minnows were just less motivated overall to feed.If a fish has this kind of disruption to its feeding it can mean that it then eats more when it isquiet, or spends more time foraging overall. This can in turn increase its chances of being eaten by a predator, if it is forced to search for food during the time or in the areas that predators hunt.In an unexpected twist to this tale, anthropogenic noise (for example, of ships), can actually affect the behaviour of the invertebrate prey (like the waterflea prey of these fish) as well as the fish themselves. Such noise can make invertebrates like these waterfleas more alert to danger, and, therefore, harder to catch by their predators. However, in the current study at least, the sticklebacks seemed to be making more errors to do with attacking non-food items instead of the waterfleas rather than the waterfleas being better at escaping them.As this experiment was carried out in the lab, it’s not clear how reliably it translates to natural conditions. For example, it is possible that fish that are constantly exposed to anthropogenic noise habituate to it and “learn to live with it.” Studies in the future will need to address how wild fish populations deal with the anthropogenic noise they are exposed to, and whether it alters their behaviour in a negative way.36. Which of the following is the topic of the passage?A. Experiments on anthropogenic noiseB. Animals’ different responses to anthropogenic noiseC. Effects of human noise on animalsD. Influences of human noise on fishes37. Why does the author cite the man’s examples in the last two sentences of paragraph two?A. To show how animals communicate in the presence of human noise.B. To show how human noise disrupts animals’ ability to communicate.C. To show how much noise pollution human beings have caused to animals.D. To show how seriously human noise has interfered animals’ life.38. According to the recent study, what can be the most serious consequence when the fishes are affected by human noise?A. They are more likely to be captured and killed.B. They will eat less food since they are startled more often.C. They will have little interest in finding food for themselves.D. The noise will disrupt the behaviors of the two fishes differently.39. Judging from the context, which of the following animals may be positively affected by anthropogenic noise?A. SticklebacksB. WaterfleasC. MinnowsD. Predators40. Why does the author think further research is necessary?A. Because the research findings are not reliable.B. Because the research findings are applicable to natural conditions.C. Because wild fish may have already get accustomed to human noise.D. Because wild fish’s behavior may be alter ed in a negative way by human noise.Part BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)More Americans are cohabiting--living together out of wedlock--than ever. Some expertsapplaud the practice, but others warn playing house doesn’t always lead to marital bliss. At one time in America, living together out of wedlock was scandalous. Unmarried couples who "shacked up" were said to be "living in sin." Indeed, cohabitation was illegal throughout the country until about 1970. (It remains illegal in 12 states, although the laws are rarely, if ever, enforced.) Today, statistics tell a different tale. The number of unwed couples living together has risen to a new high--more than 4.1 million as of March 1997, according to the Census Bureau. That figure was up from 3.96 million couples the previous year and represents a quantum leap from the 430,000 cohabiting couples counted in 1960.The bureau found that cohabiting is most popular in the 24-to-35 age group, accounting for 1.6 million such couples. Cohabitants say they live together primarily to solidify their love and commitment to each other, studies report. Most intend to marry; only 13 percent of cohabitants don’t expect to make their relationship legal. But the reality for many couples is different: Moving in doesn’t lead to"happily ever after."Forty percent of cohabitants never make it to the altar. Of the 60 percent who do marry, more than half divorce within 10 years (compared with 30 percent of married couples who didn’t live together first).Cohabiting partners are more unfaithful and fight more often than married couples, according to research by the Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society. Other studies have come to equally dour conclusions.Still, experts predict the number of cohabiting couples is likely to grow. As the children of the baby boomers come of age, they’re likely to defer marriage, as did their parents. This will lead to more cohabitation and nontraditional families. Analyst Robert Knight of the Family Research Council agrees the trend will hold for the near future. Until people discover that living together has pitfalls, it won’t wane in popularity, says Knight, author of Age of Consent: The Rise of Relativism and Corruption of Popular Culture. Cohabiting has been portrayed with"careful neutrality"in the media, and Hollywood celebrities who move in and out of each other's homes set the standard.But Warren Farrell, the San Diego-based author of Why Men Are the Way They Are, argues that living together is a good idea for a short period. "To make the jump from dating, when we put our best foot forward, to being married"--without showing each other the "shadow side of ourselves"--is to treat marriage frivolously, he says.Section III Translation46.Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)As a growing number of states turn to gambling as a source of additional revenue, compulsive gambling is on the rise. “For most people who gamble, it is a social and recreational activity that does not incur long-lasting damage,” says Dr. Timothy Fong, an addiction expert based in Los Angeles. “But for about 2 percent of the population, they have this psychiatric disorder called gambling addiction th at can severely impact their lives in permanently harmful ways.”Dr. Fong says his office often gets a flurry of calls early in the week following a weekend of sports betting, casino visits, poker games, lottery scratching or Internet gambling. “We think o f gambling addiction as a silent killer,” he says, because it is often masked by medical complaints like insomnia, depression or stomach problems. “Fortunately, we now have treatments that are pretty effective in stopping the gambling and taking away the s uffering.”Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose your cousin, Li Qiang, has been admitted into the Physics Department of Boston University in the US. Write him a letter to1) Congratulate him on his success;2) Offer him suggestions on his study and life abroad.You should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei " instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition on the topic: The Problem of Ageing Population in China. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese). Please refer to the table below. (15 points)1. 中国即将面临人口的老龄化问题;2. 人口老龄化将会带来的问题；3. 应该采取什么措施。
2023考研英语二试题及答案
2023考研英语二试题及答案2023考研英语二模拟试题及答案Part I Use of English (共20分)Directions: Read the text below and answer the questions by choosing the appropriate answer from the four options provided. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (共20分)In recent years, the popularity of extreme sports has surged among young people. The thrill of pushing one's limits and the sense of adventure have made these sports increasingly attractive. However, there is a debate about whether extreme sports should be included in the school curriculum.31. What is the main reason for the popularity of extreme sports among the youth?A) The desire for physical fitness.B) The thrill of pushing personal limits.C) The opportunity to socialize with peers.D) The chance to learn new skills.32. According to the text, extreme sports are controversial because of theirA) High cost.B) Safety concerns.B) Lack of public interest.D) Limited availability.33. The author suggests that including extreme sports in the curriculum couldA) Encourage reckless behavior.B) Improve students' physical health.C) Reduce the popularity of traditional sports.D) Diminish the appeal of adventure.34. What is the primary argument against the inclusion of extreme sports in the curriculum?A) They are too dangerous.B) They are not educational.C) They are not inclusive.D) They are too expensive for schools.35. The text implies that the proponents of extreme sports believe that theyA) Offer unique educational benefits.B) Should be available to all students.C) Are essential for character building.D) Are a waste of school resources.Part I Answer Key:31. B) The thrill of pushing personal limits.32. B) Safety concerns.33. B) Improve students' physical health.34. A) They are too dangerous.35. A) Offer unique educational benefits.Part II Reading Comprehension (共35分)Section A (共20分)Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the appropriate answer from the four options provided. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (共20分)Text 1In the digital age, privacy has become a significant concern for many individuals. With the rise of social media and online transactions, personal information is more vulnerable than ever. Companies collect data on consumers to tailor advertisements and improve services, but this practice has raised questions about the ethical use of personal data.46. What is the main concern of the text?A) The rise of digital technology.B) The issue of privacy in the digital age.C) The benefits of online transactions.D) The ethical use of personal data.47. According to the text, companies collect data toA) Sell personal information to third parties.B) Enhance the security of online transactions.C) Personalize advertisements and services.D) Monitor consumer behavior.48. The text suggests that the collection of personal data isA) A necessary evil in the digital age.B) An unethical practice that should be banned.C) A common but harmless practice.D) A controversial practice due to privacy concerns.49. What is the primary focus of the debate on data collection?A) The potential for identity theft.B) The balance between privacy and convenience.C) The legal implications of data misuse.D) The economic benefits of targeted advertising.50. The text implies that the use of personal data isA) An unavoidable part of modern life.B) A threat to individual freedom.C) A topic that requires further research.D) A subject that is rarely discussed in public.Section A Answer Key:46. B) The issue of privacy in the digital age.47. C) Personalize advertisements and services.48. D) A controversial practice due to privacy concerns.49. B) The balance between privacy and convenience.50. A) An unavoidable part of modern life.Section B (共15分)Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the appropriate answer from the four options provided. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (共15分)Text 2The concept of work-life balance has gained traction in recent years as people strive to find harmony between their professional and personal lives. However, achieving a work-life balance is not without its challenges. One of the main obstacles is the increasing demand for flexibility in the workplace, which often leads to blurred lines between work and personal time.51. What is the main idea of the text?A) The importance of work-life balance.B) The challenges of achieving work-life balance.C) The benefits of flexible work arrangements.。
考研英语二(阅读)模拟试卷30(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷30(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.5 percent of the nation’s electricity—half of which comes from coal. In 2005 the computers of the world ate up 123 billion kilo-watt hours of energy. As a result, the power bill to run a computer over its lifetime will surpass the cost of buying the machine in the first place—giving Internet and computer companies a business reason to cut energy costs, as well as an environmental one. One of the biggest energy sinks comes not from the computers themselves but from the air-conditioning needed to keep them from overheating. For every kilowatt-hour of energy used for computing in a data center, another kilowatt-hour is required to cool the furnace like racks of servers. For Internet giant Google, this reality has driven efforts such as the installation of a solar array that can provide 30 percent of the peak power needs of its headquarters as well as increasing purchases of renewable energy. But to deliver Web pages within seconds, the firm must maintain hundreds of thousands of computer servers in cavernous buildings. “We are actively working to maximize the efficiency of our data centers, which account for most of the energy Google consumes worldwide.”remarks Google’s green energy czar Bill Weihl. Google will funnel some of its profits into a new effort, dubbed RE”a gob on a stick”.A penetrating intelligence is not merely unnecessary, it is counterproductive. Newsreaders who are too intelligent soon stop being newsreaders, much as John Humphrys did, stifled by the commonplace of their duties. Or they give the game away by doing what that German newsreader did and end the programme, shaking their heads sadly, muttering, “it’s all lies, all lies”. Which is not to say BBC newsreaders are bad at their jobs: quite the reverse. But we should not confuse competence with intelligence. Newsreaders believe that because they are reading out serious stuff and everybody is listening to them, they must therefore be creatures possessed of a high IQ. They are confusing the message with the medium.16．The author holds in the first two paragraphs that a postgraduate degree in journalismA．is quite unnecessary for newsreaders.B．is vital for a newsreader to write stuff.C．matters quite a lot for a newsreader.D．involves no learning about journalism.正确答案：A解析：观点态度题。
考研英语二(作文)模拟试卷105(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语二（作文）模拟试卷105(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. WritingSection III WritingPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)1．Directions: Write an essay based on the chart. In your writing, you should 1) describe the chart, and 2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words.正确答案：The pie chart provides a summary about how energy is used in our homes. As can be seen, appliances and lighting, and space heating contribute equally 34% of the energy used. A further 13% is taken up by water heating, followed by electric A/C (11%). The remaining 8% is consumed by refrigerator. It is useful to note that household appliances, lighting and space heating account for a large amount of energy consumption in our homes. The survey results are particularly important for the manufacturers of appliances, lighting and heaters. To enable people to live a green and environmentally-friendly life, manufacturers could improve the design and performance of their products. For instance, energy-saving lights, with voice-activated technology embedded, could be designed to reduce the unnecessary use of electricity. Besides, appliances that are powered by alternative energy, such as solar and wind powers, could be promoted among people. In conclusion, technology, if harnessed properly, could save a great amount of energy.解析：该图表显示了家庭用户的能源使用分布。
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析(14)
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（14）(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Retrofitting houses to use less energy should be a no-brainer for homeowners.__1__time, money spent on ways to reduce heat loss from draughty houses should produce a__2__return in lower fuel bills. In practice, many are cautious. Some improvements, such as solid-wall insulation and solar panels, can take over 25 years to__3__their initial cost. Few owners are willing to wait that long; by then many are likely to have__4__and moved on.Several governments have started finance schemes designed to__5__this problem. Since 2008 PACE programmes have offered American homeowners loans to__6__improvements, repaid through higher local taxes on the property,__7__it belongs to. In Britain, the Green Deal offers loans over a 25-year period, with repayments added to energy bills. Countries including France and Canada have similar__8__.In theory, these schemes should boost investment in common energy-saving measures, such as extra insulation and new boilers,__9__the first owner does not have to pay all the costs in advance. But enrolment rates have__10__, according to Sean Kidney at the Climate Bonds Initiative, a think-tank. In Britain, just 1% of those assessed for the Green Deal have signed up. In Berkeley, California , home of the first PACE scheme, the__11__rate is similarly low. Homeowners are__12__chiefly because the interest rates on the loans look high. The Green Deal charges 7%; some PACE schemes a hefty 8%. As these rates are fixed for decades, they will__13__look unattractive when (as now) short-term interest rates are low.Many people also__14__they will save enough on their energy bills to cover the repayments. For instance,__15__in Britain that installing loft insulation can cut energy bills by 20% have been dented by a government study that found it__16__gas consumption by only 1.7% on average. Others fear that green loans may reduce the value of their home. In America, firms that underwrite mortgages are__17__PACE loans.Green loans have not been a failure everywhere. Around 250,000 households in Germany__18__for them each year. They do so__19__they need pay only 1% interest on them each year, thanks to an annual public subsidy of 1.5 billion. Whether that is a (an)__20__use of taxpayers´ money is another question.第1题A.OnB.InC.OverD.At第2题A.handsomeB.delicateC.splendidD.trivial第3题A.estimateC.evaluateD.cover第4题A.taken offB.sold upC.turned aroundD.shut down第5题A.raiseB.arouseC.dealD.address第6题A.financeB.makeC.supportD.expend第7题A.whateverB.wheneverC.whoeverD.however第8题A.problemsB.initiativesC.situationsD.circumstances 第9题A.whileB.thoughC.whenD.as第10题A.appointedB.worriedC.disappointedD.surprised第11题A.take-upB.send-offC.make-upD.turn-off第12题B.unimpressedC.unsurprisedD.unsustainable 第13题A.indefinitelyB.extremelyC.inevitablyD.remarkably 第14题A.contendB.doubtC.concludeD.debate第15题A.proofsB.reasonsC.thesesD.claims第16题A.reducedB.producedC.increasedD.declined第17题A.favorable toB.interested inC.hostile toD.conscious of 第18题A.arm withB.sign upC.write outD.call on第19题A.becauseB.henceC.althoughD.even第20题A.proficientB.sufficientC.deficientD.efficient下一题(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Many animals have some level of social intelligence, allowing them to coexist and cooperate with other members of their species. Wolves, for example—the probable ancestors of dogs—live in packs that hunt together and have a complex hierarchy. But dogs have evolved an extraordinarily rich social intelligence as they´ve adapted to life with us. All the things we love about our dogs—the joy they seem to take in our presence, the many ways they integrate themselves into our lives—spring from those social skills. Hare Brian, assistant professor of evolutionary anthropology at Duke University, and others are trying to figure out how the intimate coexistence of humans and dogs has shaped the animal´s remarkable abilities.Hare suspects that the evolutionary pressures that turned suspicious wolves into outgoing dogs were similar to the ones that turned combative apes into cooperative humans. "Humans are unique. But how did that uniqueness evolve?" asks Hare. "That´s where dogs are important."The first rule for scientists studying dogs is, don´t trust your hunches. Just because a dog looks as if it can count or understand words doesn´t mean it can. "We say to owners, look, you may have intuitions about your dog that are valuable," says Marc Hauser, a cognitive psychologist at Harvard University. "But they might be wrong."Alexandra Horowitz, a cognitive scientist at Barnard College, and other scientists are now running experiments to determine what a behavior, like a kiss, really means. In some cases, their research suggests that our pets are manipulating us rather than welling up with human-like feeling. "They could be the ultimate charlatans," says Hauser.We´ve all seen guilty dogs slinking away with lowered tails, for example. Horowitz wondered if they behave this way because they truly recognize they´ve done something wrong, so she devised an experiment. First she observed how dogs behaved when they did something they weren´t supposed to do and were scolded by their owners. Then she tricked the owners into believing the dogs had misbehaved when they hadn´t. When the humans scolded the dogs, the dogs were just as likely to look guilty, even though they were innocent of any misbehavior. What´s at play here, she concluded, is not some inner sense of right and wrong but a learned ability to act submissive when an owner gets angry. "It´s a white-flag response," Horowitz says. While this kind of manipulation may be unsettling to us, it reveals how carefully dogs pay attention to humans and learn from what they observe. That same attentiveness also gives dogs—or at least certain dogs—a skill with words that seems eerily human.第21题The author mentions wolves to show that______.A.they have similar habitsB.animals have social intelligenceC.they adapt to human life easilyD.they are ancestors to dogs第22题Why does Brian want to know how suspicious wolves became friendly dogs?A.Because it may reveal something about the evolution of humans from apes.B.Because he has realized that dogs are not really friendly animals.C.Because the coexistence of animals and humans is important nowadays.D.Because dogs have developed intimate relationships with humans.第23题The word "hunches" (Para. 3) probably refers to______.A.friendly animalsB.academic knowledgeC.intuitive understandingD.psychological explanations第24题Hauser calls dogs "the ultimate charlatans" (Para. 4) because______.A.they actually want to bite us when they kiss usB.they are unreliable and untrustworthyC.our intuitions about them are misled by themD.they well up with intimate feeling for us第25题When scolded, dogs______.A.feel guilty of what they have done wronglyB.pretend to be guilty of some wrongdoingsC.become attentive to their owners´ wordsD.demonstrate some submissive behavior上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Before the global financial crisis, emerging economies like China aspired to "decouple" themselves from the rich world, hoping that local demand and regional trade would sustain them even if Western markets faltered. After the crisis, rich economies aspired to couple themselves with China, one of the few sources of growth in a moribund world. Car-makers in Germany, iron-ore miners in Australia and milk-powder makers in New Zealand all benefited enormously from exports to the Middle Kingdom. Every company needed a China story to tell.But as China slows and America gradually recovers, those stories are becoming less compelling. Some of them are turning into cautionary tales. Exposure to China does not always endear a firm to investors, as GlaxoSmithKline, a British pharmaceutical giant embroiled in a corruption scandal in the country, is now discovering.As a rough gauge of multinational exposure to China The Economist in 2010 introdued the "Sinode-pendency index" (中国依赖指数), a stock market index that weights American multinationals according to their China revenues. The latest version of the index includes many of the member companies of the S&P 500 index (美国标准普尔500指数) that provide a usable geographical breakdown of their revenues.The biggest members of the "Sinodependency index" are Apple, with an 11% weight in 2013, followed by Qualcomm (8. 3%) and Intel (7%). The top three firms in the index are moredependent on China now than they were. China accounted for 11. 2% of their revenues on average in 2015,compared with 9. 8% in 2009.Although the dependence has risen, the rewards of members of the " Sinodependency index" have not. After handily outperforming the S&P 500 benchmark from 2009 to 2011, the Sinodependency index has since struggled to keep pace. So far this year it has risen by 9. 6%. That is far better than China´s own stock markets, which have fallen by over 9%. But both have been overshadowed by the much stronger performance of the conventional S&P 500 index, which is up by 18%. Perhaps the 367 S&P 500 companies that are not in our index should loudly proclaim their Sino-in-dependence.第26题The emerging economies want to decouple themselves from rich countries because______.A.they don´t want to be economically dependent on rich countriesB.they have enough resources and capitals to support themselvesC.they are unable to compete with economic powers like Germany or AustraliaD.they can not even meet the local and regional demand第27题The example of GlaxoSmithKline shows that______.A.Foreign companies are facing discrimination in ChinaB.China is taking tough measures to tackle briberyC.China does not necessarily mean a heaven for foreign companiesD.Foreign companies are desperate to pull out of China第28题What does the author say about the top three firms of the "Sinodependency index"?A.They have expanded their operation in China.B.They have suffered from intense competition in China.C.They are increasingly dependent on Chinese market.D.They tell cautionary tales about investing in China.第29题Since 2011, the "Sinodependency index" has______.A.performed even worse than China´s own stock marketsB.performed better than the S&P 500 benchmarkC.risen faster than the S&P 500 indexD.been overtaken by the conventional S&P 500 index第30题What can be inferred from the last sentence?A.The US encourages its domestic firms to come home.B.China has lost its advantage in export market.C.China´s stock market is falling apart.D.China has lost some of its appeal to some foreign companies.上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.When education fails to keep pace with technology, the result is inequality. Without the skills to stay useful as innovations arrive, workers suffer—and if enough of them fall behind, society starts to fail apart. That fundamental insight seized reformers in the Industrial Revolution, promoting state-funded universal schooling. Later, automation in factories and offices called forth a surge in college graduates. The combination of education and innovation, spread over decades, led to a remarkable flowering of prosperity.Today robotics and artificial intelligence call for another education revolution. This time, however, working lives are so lengthy and so fast-changing that simply cramming more schooling in at the start is not enough. People must also be able to acquire new skills throughout their careers.Unfortunately, as our special report in this issue sets out, the lifelong learning that exists today mainly benefits high achievers and is therefore more likely to aggravate inequality than diminish it. If 21st-century economies are not to create a massive underclass, policymakers urgently need to work out how to help all their citizens learn while they earn. So far, their ambition has fallen pitifully short.The classic model of education—a burst at the start and top-ups through company training—is breaking down. One reason is the need for new, and constantly updated, skills. Manufacturing increasingly calls for brain work rather than physical work. The share of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs declined from 25. 5% to 21% between 1996 and 2015. The single, stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex.Pushing people into ever-higher levels of formal education at the start of their lives is not the way to cope. Just 16% of Americans think that a four-year college degree prepares students very well for a good job. Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire, those with specialized training tend to withdraw from the labour force earlier than those with general education—perhaps because they are less adaptable.At the same time on-the-job training is shrinking. In America and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades. Self-employment is spreading, leaving more people to take responsibility for their own skills. Taking time out later in life to pursue a formal qualification is an option, but it costs money and most colleges are geared towards youngsters.第31题We can infer from Paragraph 1 that______.A.society will collapse without innovationcation is the only way to social prosperityC.inequality may originate from poor educationD.most workers in factories are college graduates第32题The author believes that in face of education revolution, workers need______.A.high goals in their careersB.more schooling at the startC.new skills at the beginningD.persistent effort in their lives第33题According to Paragraph 3, today´s lifelong learning can______.A.increase the number of the underclassB.benefit people with high career goalsC.eliminate inequality once and for allD.be helpful to the majority of people第34题The traditional educational pattern becomes outdated because______.A.manufacturing requires more brain workB.technique should be continually renewedC.more skilled workers are urgently neededpany training is becoming out of date第35题The author´s attitude towards on-the-job training is______.A.objectiveB.favorableC.pessimisticD.contradictory上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections :Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Visiting Oxford Street, a road filling with tatty shops and overcrowded with people, is plainly a trial. Less plainly, levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) , a noxious gas, have been found to be around three times higher there than the legal limit. In 2013 the annual mean concentration of NO2 on the street was one of the highest levels found anywhere in Europe.British air is far cleaner than it was a few decades ago. Fewer people use coal-burning stoves; old industrial plants have been decommissioned. But since 2009 levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, coarse or fine particles that are linked to lung cancer and asthma, have fallen more slowly. The exact number of deaths caused by dirty air is unknown. But in 2010 a government advisory group estimated that removing man-made fine particulate matter from the atmosphere would increase life expectancy for those born in 2008 by an average of six months. Much of the slowdown is the result of fumes from diesel cars, which were championed by successive governments because they use less fuel and thus produce less carbon dioxide than petrol cars. In 2001 only 14% of all cars ran on diesel; by 2013 the proportion had increased to 35%. (Greener "hybrid" and electric cars have increased nine fold since 2006, but account for just 0. 5% of the entire fleet.) Second-hand cars are particularly noxious, but even newer ones have not been as clean as hoped. Many cars that let out few pollutants in tests produced more on the roads.Government´s hesitation has not helped. Part of the problem is that several departments are responsible for air pollution. This means nobody has taken a lead on it, complains Joan Walley, a Labour MP who chairs an environmental committee that has released a series of damning reports. And few politicians are keen to fire drivers.However, some improvements have been made. In 2008 a "low-emission zone" was created in London, which targets large vans and coaches. A smaller "ultra low-emission zone" has been proposed for 2020, which would charge all vehicles that are not of a certain standard 12. 50pounds a day. European Commission fines for breaching limits may encourage cities to do more. But other countries are more ambitious; 60 such zones exist in Germany, targeting private cars as well as vans. In December Anne Hidalgo, the mayor of Paris, announced that she wanted to ban diesel cars by 2020.第36题Oxford Street is mentioned in the opening paragraph to______.A.describe the busy streets in BritainB.discuss the problem of air pollutionC.stress the improvement of air qualityD.show the link between car and pollution第37题According to Paragraph 2, life span may be related to______.A.air qualityB.eating habitC.living standardD.medical condition第38题Successive governments have advocated diesel cars because______.A.they are much cheaper than petrol carsB.they use less fuel and save more moneyC.they are more environmentally friendlyD.they produce less carbon dioxide than all cars第39题Governments try to reduce air pollution by______.A.imposing extra taxes on vehiclesB.setting "no-emission zone" for carsC.cutting tail gas emission of vehiclesD.encouraging people not to drive cars第40题Considering the role that government plays, the author seems to be______.A.sympatheticB.pessimisticC.concernedD.objective上一题下一题(41~45/共5题)Part BDirections :Read the following tert and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the state ment is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.[A]Prepare for temptation.[B]Stay organized.[C]Prioritize your assignments.[D]Focus on what you do.[E]Find a productive study environment.[F]Study effectively.[G]Make a detailed schedule.When it comes to studying, managing your time is of the uttermost importance. You should determine how much time spent studying is enough, which varies from student to student and from one class to another. The following are some helpful tips on better managing your time.__41__Instead of just determining time to study in your head, make a subject-specific calendar and mark is so you can be reminded effectively. You will be more likely to follow through with your study plan if it is clearly marked on your calendar. Making a schedule and sticking to it will allow you to develop a routine that you can easily follow. Remember, you will have to revise your study schedule each semester to accommodate your class schedule and your other changing commitments.__42__Sorting out your assignments is a good way to ensure you spend the appropriate amount of time studying for each class or subject. Devote more time to studying subjects that are new to you or those in which your grade needs improvement. Also, remember to study the harder subjects first so that you tackle them with a fresh mind. Additionally, you should organize your studies with important tests or exams in mind.__43__You will inevitably be driven to distraction at some point, but don´t get discouraged. Rather, learn from your mistakes, and look for patterns in the times you put off studying. Additionally, establish a way to reward yourself with fun activities after you finish a study session. This will give you the extra boost of energy to accomplish what you need to so you can enjoy spending time with your friends and family.__44__All students have a place where they are able to stay on task and maximize their time. Actually, some students find it ideal to study in a coffee shop or another place where there is background noise. Some students become more distracted when they study alone because there is no accountability. If you tend to stay on task when there are other students around who are devoting time exclusively to studying, go to these places at the right time.__45__Since you will be enrolled in several classes at a time, it is important that you systematize your class and study materials in a way that makes it easy to access them. Find a method that works for you, such as using a separate binder or folder for each class. Also, you don´t want to interrupt your study session by searching your room for flash cards or notes. If you are taking online courses, figure out how to avoid wasting time sifting through your hard drive for course materials.第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题上一题下一题(1/1)Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)第46题As the internet and social media become increasingly embedded in how we connect with and understand the world around us, so does the language we use to access that experience. Today the UN argues that speakers of non-dominant languages need to be able to express themselves online in culturally meaningful ways, and urges governments to develop comprehensive language-related policies that support and facilitate online linguistic diversity and multilingualism."The internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow," said Bill Gates. But if the vast majority of the world´s languages don´t have a digital future, what will speakers have to sacrifice to be heard in the "digital town square"? Closing the digital divide clearly has huge potential to empower individuals around the world. ______________上一题下一题(1/1)Section WritingPart A第47题Suppose you are going to write a letter to your university library, the letter should include1) your feelings towards the library, and2) suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)___________________上一题下一题(1/1)Part B第48题Write an essay based on the following table. You should1) describe the table and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)图片_______________上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Retrofitting houses to use less energy should be a no-brainer for homeowners.__1__time, money spent on ways to reduce heat loss from draughty houses should produce a__2__return in lower fuel bills. In practice, many are cautious. Some improvements, such as solid-wall insulation and solar panels, can take over 25 years to__3__their initial cost. Few owners are willing to wait thatlong; by then many are likely to have__4__and moved on.Several governments have started finance schemes designed to__5__this problem. Since 2008 PACE programmes have offered American homeowners loans to__6__improvements, repaid through higher local taxes on the property,__7__it belongs to. In Britain, the Green Deal offers loans over a 25-year period, with repayments added to energy bills. Countries including France and Canada have similar__8__.In theory, these schemes should boost investment in common energy-saving measures, such as extra insulation and new boilers,__9__the first owner does not have to pay all the costs in advance. But enrolment rates have__10__, according to Sean Kidney at the Climate Bonds Initiative, a think-tank. In Britain, just 1% of those assessed for the Green Deal have signed up. In Berkeley, California , home of the first PACE scheme, the__11__rate is similarly low. Homeowners are__12__chiefly because the interest rates on the loans look high. The Green Deal charges 7%; some PACE schemes a hefty 8%. As these rates are fixed for decades, they will__13__look unattractive when (as now) short-term interest rates are low.Many people also__14__they will save enough on their energy bills to cover the repayments. For instance,__15__in Britain that installing loft insulation can cut energy bills by 20% have been dented by a government study that found it__16__gas consumption by only 1.7% on average. Others fear that green loans may reduce the value of their home. In America, firms that underwrite mortgages are__17__PACE loans.Green loans have not been a failure everywhere. Around 250,000 households in Germany__18__for them each year. They do so__19__they need pay only 1% interest on them each year, thanks to an annual public subsidy of 1.5 billion. Whether that is a (an)__20__use of taxpayers´ money is another question.第1题A.OnB.InC.OverD.At参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答答案解析：介词搭配题。
考研英语二(作文)模拟试卷100
考研英语二（作文）模拟试卷100(总分：14.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Writing(总题数：7，分数：14.00)1.Section III Writing（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：2.Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：3.Directions: Write an essay based on the chart. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：The pie chart provides a summary about the factors that influence students' extracurricular reading. As can be seen, a large majority of the students, or 72%, complain that the heavy study load has prevented them from the reading. A further 16% of the students report that their parents are not supportive enough. 8% are not satisfied with the short opening hours of the library and its limited book collections, followed by the unaffordable book prices (4%). It is immediately evident that students are preoccupied with homework assignments, so much so that they could not even find some time to enjoy light reading. Burdened by the piles of test papers and exercise sheets, they would be too tired and disgusted to touch any book. To address this issue, teachers need to assign less work for students and return more freedom to them. To conclude, if given more time, students can explore the wondrous literary world and gain a broad horizon, which would be beneficial to their study eventually.)解析：解析：该图表显示了影响学生课外阅读的因素。
考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析word版
考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析word版•相关推荐考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析（word版）在社会的各个领域，我们总免不了要接触或使用试题，借助试题可以对一个人进行全方位的考核。
那么一般好的试题都具备什么特点呢？以下是小编为大家收集的考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析（word 版），仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析word版篇1Text 4When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace， scientists immediately get to work， trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes，success is achieved，as medical science is able to isolate the parasite， germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases， in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk，it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination，so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patients body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that，if it is encountered， one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this，a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment，so that his bodys immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the diseases defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patients immune system in a process that occurs naturally， in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that， should the patientlater come into contact with the real problem， his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it， having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process，however. On occasion， even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle， resulting in the immune system succumbing，and，therefore，the patients death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine，designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10，000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus， if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today，3000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately， the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s，ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease，however，mandatory vaccinations may resume，resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process， which is truly a mixed blessing， may indeed hide some hidden curses.36.The best title for the text may be?[A] “Vaccinations：A Blessing or A Curse”[B] “Principles of Vaccinations”[C] “Vaccines：Methods and Implications”[D] “A Miracle Cure Under Attack”37.What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate?[A] The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines.[B] The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.[C] The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain disease.[D] The method by which vaccines are employed against the disease.38.The phrase “ward it off naturally” (Paragraph 2) most probably means?[A] dispose of it naturally [B] fight it off with ease[C] see to it reluctantly [D] split it up properly39.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Saving the majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority.[B] The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease.[C] Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace.[D] The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved.40.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is?[A] to comment and criticize [B] to demonstrate and argue[C] to interest and entertain[D] to explain and informPart BSample oneDirections：In the following text， some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45， choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices， which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)We are seeing a series of paradoxes at the turn of the millennium. On the one hand， globalization means that nationalfrontiers are becoming increasingly meaningless，but on the other，we are being swept by a wave of parochialism，with countries clinging to the notion of sovereignty.41)?But there are so many factors in the world that make this position increasingly meaningless. Governments no longer have complete control over their economic and monetary policies， and many multinationals now have greater profits than individual countrys GDP.The end of the cold war has brought its own dangers and we need to find a new balance of power in the world. It has also spawned many conflicts. Governments must be prepared to surrender some authority to global and regional institutions or we risk world disorder. It is tragic that，just when we need a strong international organization， the United Nations is starved of funds and often sidelined by its own member states. What happened in East Timor was unforgivable because it was foreseeable. Angola has been another sad instance of international vacillation. 42)?I do think world war is less likely for the present， although I worry about the proliferation of nuclear weapons at one end and lethal small arms at the other. 43)?Another worry stems from the huge economic imbalances in a world where the richest 20 per cent have 86 per cent of global GDP， and the 20 poorest countries only one per cent.Humanitarian aid is no more than a palliative. 44)?The international implications of，for example，the collapse of Africa are unthinkable. There must be a new concept of security based not just on military and defense matters but on economic and social concerns too. 45)?The global pendulum has swung too far towards a total dependence on market forces，but finding some point ofbalance in the middle is extremely difficult. I am by nature optimistic， but in my gloomier moments I sometimes think the only solution will be an invasion from outer space-then at last everyone would unite!考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析word版篇2Text4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this springthe most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was bom after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If"entitled"is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those bom between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and expert who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren,'t interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring_____.[A] are recognized for their abilities[B] are in favor of job offers[C] are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37. Generation Zs are keenly aware_____.[A] what a tough economic situation is like[B] what their parents expect of them[C] how they differ from past generations[D] I how valuable a counselors advice is38. The word"assuage"(line 9, para 2)is closet in meaning to_____.[A]define [B]relieve [C] maintain [D] deepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs_____.[A] care little about their job performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-Life balance[D] have a clear idea about their future job40 Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are_____.[A]less realistic B] less adventurous [C]more diligent [D] more generous36. 【C】are drawing growing public attention细节题。
2025考研英语二真题试卷及答案解析【纯净版】
2025年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)There are many understandable reasons why you might find it difficult to ask for help when you need it. Psychologists have been interested in this 1 for decades, not least because people's widespread 2 to ask for help has led to some high-profile failures.Asking for help takes 3. It involves communicating a need on your part—there’s something you can’t do. 4, you’re broadcasting your own weakness, which can be 5.you might have __6__ about losing control of whatever it is you are asking for help with.7 someone starts to help, perhaps they will take over, or get a credit for your early efforts. Yet another 8 that you might be worried about is being a nuisance or 9 the person you go to for help.If you struggle with low self-esteem, you might find it especially difficult to_10_ for help because you have the added worry of the other person _11_ your request. You might see such refusals as implying something _12_about the status of your relationship with them. To 13 these difficulties, try to remind yourself that everyone needs help sometimes. Nobody knows everything and can do everything all by themselves. And while you might 14 coming across as incompetent, there’s actually research that shows that advice-seekers are 15 as more competent, not less.Perhaps most encouraging of all is a paper from 2022 by researchers at Stanford University, in California, that involved a mix of contrived help-seeking interactions and asking people to 16 times they’d sought help in the past. The findings showed that help-seekers generally underestimated how 17 other people will be to help and how good it will make the help-giver feel（for most people, having the chance to help someone is highly 18.So bear all this in mind the next time you need to ask for help. 19 , take care over who you ask and when you ask them. And if someone can't help right now, avoid taking it personally. They might just be too 20, or they might not feel confident about their ability to help.1. [Aillusion [B]discussion [C]tradition [D]question2. [A]reluctance [B]ambition [C]tendency [D]enthusiasm3. [A]attention [B]talent [C]courage [D]patience4. [A]At any time [B]In other words [C]By all means [D]On the contrary5. [A]unrealistic [B]deceptive [C]tiresome [D]uncomfortable6. [A]doubts [B]concerns[C]suggestions [D]secrets7. [A]once [B]unless [C]although [D]before8. [A]theory [B]choice [C]factor [D]context9. [A]overpraising [B]outperforming [C]reassessing [D]inconveniencing10. [A]reach out [B]settle down [C]turn over [D]Look back11. [A]declining [B]considering [C]criticizing [D]evaluating12. [A]unnecessary [B]negative [C]strange [D]impractical13. [A]explain [B]identify [C]predict [D]overcome14. [A]deny[B]forget [C]miss [D]fear 15. [A]disguised[B]perceived [C]followed [D]introduced 16. [A]recall[B]classify [C]analyse [D]compare 17. [A]brave[B]disapproving [C]willing [D]hesitant 18. [A]relaxing[B]surprising [C]rewarding [D]demanding 19. [A]Thus[B]Also [C]Finally [D]Instead 20. [A]polite[B]proud [C]busy [D]lazySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1U. S. customers historically tipped the people they assumed were earning most of their income via tips, such as restaurant serves earning less than the minimum wage. In the early 2010s, a wide range of business standard processing purchases with iPads and other digital payment systems. These system often prompted customers to tip for services that were not previously tipped.The prevalence of digital payment devices has made it easier to ask customers for a tip. That helps explain why tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services. Customers now routinely see menus of suggested default options -- often well above 20% of what they owe. The amounts have risen from 10% or less in the 1950s to 15% around the year 2000 to 20% or higher today. This increase is sometimes called tipflation -- the expectation of ever-Today’s tip requests are often connected to the salary and service norms that used to determine when and how people tip. Customers in the past merely always pay the tips after receiving a service, such as at the conclusion of a restaurant meal after getting a haircut or once a pizza was delivered. That timing could reward high —quality service and give worthless an incentive to provide it. It's becoming more common for tips to be requested beforehand. And new tipping technology may even automatically add tips. higher tip amounts.Tipping has always been a vital source of income for workers in historically tipped services, like restaurants, where the tipped minimum wage can be as low as US $ 2.13 an hour. Tip creep and tipflation are now further supplementing the income of many low-wage service workers.Notably ，tipping primally benefits some of these workers such as cooks and dishwashers, so ensure that all employees were paid fair wages. Some restaurants banned tipping and increased prices, but this movement towards not-tipping services has largely fizzled out.So to increase employee wages without raising prices, more employers are succumbing to temptations of tip creep and tip flation. However, many customers are frustrated because they feel they are being asked for too high of a tip too often. And, as our research emphasizes tipping now seems to be more coercive, less generous, and often completely disassociated from service quality.21. According to Paragraph 1, the practice of tipping in the U.S _____.[A] was regarded as a sign of generosity[B] was considered essential for waiters[C] was a way of rewarding diligence[D] was optional in most businesses22. Compared with tips in the past, today’s tips _____.[A] are paid much less frequently[B] are less often requested in advance[C] have less to do with service quality[D] contribute less to workers’ income23. Tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services as a result of _____.[A] the advancement of technology[B] the desire for income increase[C] the diversification of business[D] the emergence of tipflation24. The movement toward no-tipping services was intended to _____.[A] promote consumption[B] enrich income sources[C] maintain reasonable prices[D] guarantee income fairness25. It can be learned from the last paragraph that tipping _____.[A] is becoming a burden for customers[B] helps encourage quality service[C] is vital to business development[D] reflects the need to reduce prices答案DCADAText 2When it was established,the National Health Service(NHS) was visionary: offering high-quality, timely care to meet the dominant needs of the population it served. Nearly 75 years on, with the UK facing very different health challenges, it is clear that the model is out of date.From life expectancy to cancer and infant mortality rates, we are lagging behind many of our peers. With more than 6.8 million on waitlists, healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for those who cannot opt to pay for private treatment; and the cost of providing healthcare is increasingly squeezing our investment in other public services. As demand for healthcare continues to grow, pressures on the workforce — which is already near breaking point — will only become more acute.Many of the answers to the crisis in health and care are well rehearsed. We need to be much better at reducing and diverting demand on health services, rather than simply managing it. Much more needs to be invested in communities and primary care to reduce our reliance on hospitals. And capacity in social care needs to be greater, to support the growing number of people living with long-term conditions.Yet despite two decades of strategies and number of major health reforms, we have failed to make meaningful progress on any of these aims. That is why the Reform think tank is launching a new programme of work entitled “Reimagining health”, supported by ten former health ministers. Together, we are calling for a much more open and honest conversation about the future of health in the UK, and on “urgent rethink” of the hospital-centric model we retain.This must begin with the question of how we maximise the health of the nation, rather than “fix” the NHS. It is estimated, for example, that healthcare accounts for only about 20% of health outcomes. Much more important are the places we live, work and socialise – yet there is no clear cross-government strategy for improving these social determinants of health. Worse, when policies like the national obesity strategy are scrapped, taxpayers are left with the heavy price tag of treating the illnesses, like diabetes, that result.Reform wants to ask how power and resources should be distributed in our health system. What health functions should remain at the centre, and what should be given to local leaders, often responsible for services that create health, and with a much better understanding of the needs of their populations?26. According to the first two paragraphs, the NHSA. is troubled by funding deficienciesB. can hardly satisfy people's needsC. can barely retain its current employeesD. is rivalled by private medical services27. One answer to the crisis in health and care isA. boost the efficiency of hospitalsB. lighten the burden on social careC. increase resources for primary careD. reduce the pressure or communities28. "Reimagining health" is aimed toA. reinforce hospital managementB. readjust healthcare regulationsC. restructure the health systemD. resume suspended health reform29. To maximize the nation's health, the author suggestA. introducing relevant taxation policiesB. paying due attention to social factorsC. reevaluating major health outcomesD. enhancing the quality of health care30. It can be inferred that local leaders shouldA. exercise their power more reasonablyB. develop a stronger responsibilityC. play a bigger role in the health systemD. understand people's health needs better答案：BCCBCText 3Heat action plans, or HAPs, have been proliferating in India in the past few years. In general, an HAP spells out when and how officials should issue heat warnings and alert hospitals and other institutions. Nagpur's plan, for instance, calls for hospitals to set aside “cold wards” in the summer for treating heatstroke patients, and advises builders to give construction laborers a break from work on very hot days.But implementation of existing HAPs has been uneven, according to a report from the center for Policy Research. Many lack adequate funding, it found. And their triggering thresholds often are not customized to the local climate. In some areas, high daytime temperatures alone might serve as an adequate trigger for alerts. But in other places, nighttime temperatures or humidity might be as important a gauge of risk as daytime highs.Mumbai’s April heat stroke deaths highlighted the need for more nuanced and localized warnings, researchers say. That day’s high temperature of roughly 36°C was 1°C shy of the heat wave alert threshold for coastal cities set by national meteorological authorities. But the effects of the heat were amplified by humidity—an often neglected factor in heat alert systems—and the lack of shade at the late-morning outdoor ceremony.To help improve HAPs, urban planner Kotharkar’s team is working on a model plan that outlines best practices and could be adapted to local conditions. Among other things, she says, all cities should create a vulnerability map to help focus responses on the populations most at risk.Such mapping doesn’t need to be complex, Kotharkar says. “A useful map can be created by looking at even a few key parameters.” For example, neighborhoods with a large elderly population or informal dwellings that cope poorly with heat could get special warnings or be bolstered with cooling centers. The Nagpur project has already created a risk and vulnerability map, which enabled Kotharkar to tell officials which neighborhoods to focus on in the event of a heat wave this summer.HAPs shouldn’t just include short-term emergency responses, researchers say, but also recommend medium- to long-term measures that could make communities cooler. In Nagpur, for example, Kotharkar’s team has been able to advise city officials about where to plant trees to provide shade. HAPs could also guide efforts to retrofit homes or modify building regulations. “Reducing deaths in an emergency is good target to have, but it’s the lowest target,” says Climate researchers Chandni Singh.31. According to Paragraph1, Nagpur's plan proposes measures to__________.A. tackle extreme weather.B. ensure construction qualityC. monitor emergency warnings.D. address excessive workloads32. One problem with existing HAPs is that they_______.A. prove too costly to be implemented.B. lack locadized allert-issuing criteria.C. give delayed responses to heat waves.D. keep hospitals under great pressure.33. Mumbai’s case shows that India's heat alert systems need toA. include other factors besides temperatureB. take subtle weather changes into accountC. prioritize potentially disastrous heat wavesD. draw further support from local authorities34. Kotharkar holds that a vulnerability map can help _____.A. prevent the harm of high humidityB. target areas need special attentionC. expand the Maypur projects coverage,D. make relief plans for heat - stricken people35. According to the last paragraph, researchers suggest that heat action plans (HAPs) should ______.A. focus more on the heatstroke treatmentB. invite wider public participationC. apply for more government grantsD. serve a broader range of purposes答案A. tackle extreme weatherB. lack localized alert-issuing criteriaA. include other factors besides temperatureB. target areas needing special attentionD. serve a broader range of purposesText 4Navigating beyond the organized pavements and parks of our urban spaces, desire paths are the unofficial footprints of a community, revealing the unspoken preferences, shared shortcuts and collective choices of humans. Often appearing as trodden dirt tracks through otherwise neat green spaces, these routes of collective disobedience cut corners, bisect lawns and cross hills, representing the natural capability of people (and animals) to go from point A to point B most effectively.Urban planners interpret desire paths as more than just convenient shortcuts; they offer valuable insights into the dynamics between planning and behaviour. Ohio State University allowed its students to navigate the Oval, a lawn in the centre of campus, freely, then proceeded to pave the desire paths, creating a web of effective routes students had established.Yet, reluctance persists among other planners to integrate desire paths into formal plans, citing concerns about safety, environmental impact, or primarily, aesthetics. A Reddit webpage devoted to the phenomenon, boasting nearly 50,000 members, showcases images of local desire paths adorned with signs instructing pedestrians to adhere to designated walkways, underscoring the rebellious nature inherent in these human-made tracks. This clash highlights an ongoing struggle between the organic, user-driven evolution of public spaces and the desire for a visually curated andcontrolled urban environment.The Wickquasgeck Trail is an example of a historical desire path, created by Native Americans to cross the forests of Manhattan and move between settlements quickly. This trail, when Dutch colonists arrived, was widened and made into one of the main trade roads across the island, known at the time as de Heere Straat, or Gentlemen's Street. Following the British assumption of control in New York, the street was renamed Broadway. Notably, Broadway stands out as one of the few areas in NYC that defies the grid-based system applied to the rest of the city, cutting a diagonal across parts of the city.In online spaces, desire paths have sparked a fascination that can approach obsession, with the Reddit page serving as a hub. Contributors offer a wide array of stories, from little-known new shortcuts to long-established alternate routes.Animal desire paths, such as ducks forging trails through frozen ponds or dogs carving direct routes in gardens, highlight the adaptability of these trails in both human and animal experiences. As desire paths criss-cross through both physical and virtual landscapes, they stand as a proof of the collective insistence on forging unconventional routes and embracing the spirit of communal choice.36. According to paragraph 1, desire paths are a result of______.A. the curiosity to explore surrounding hillsB. the necessity to preserve green spacesC. the tendency to pursue convenienceD. the wish to find comfort in solitude37. It can be inferred that Ohio State University_____.A. intends to improve its desire pathsB. leads in the research on desire pathsC. guides the creation of its desire pathsD. take a positive view of desire paths38. The images on the Reddit webpage reflect_____.A. conflicting opinions on the use of desire pathsB. the call to upgrade the designing of public spacesC. the demand for proper planning of desire pathsD. growing concerns over the loss of public spaces39. The example of the Wickquasgeck Trail illustrates_____.A. the growth of New York CityB. the Dutch origin of desire pathsC. the importance of urban planningD. the recognition of desire paths40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that desire paths_____.A. reveal human’s deep respect for natureB. are crucial to human’s mental well-beingC. are a human imitation of animal behaviourD. show a shared trait in humans and animalsPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Stay positiveB. Respect the pastC. Use channelsD. Give it a timeE. Invite resistanceF. Be a salesmanG. Be humbleEveryone wants to be that person--the one who looks at the same information as everyone else, but who sees a fresh, innovative solution. However, it takes more than simply having a good idea. How you share it is as important as the suggestion itself. Why? Because writing a new script -- literally or figuratively--means that other team members will have to adapt to something new. Not to mention, if the process you're scrapping is one someone else suggested, there's the possibility of hurt feelings. To gain buy-in on an innovative, new idea, follow these steps:41. _________________.Great ideas don't stand alone. In other words, you can't mention your suggestion once and expect it to be adopted. To see a change, you'll need to champion your plan and sell its merits. In addition, you need to be willing to stand up to scrutiny and criticism and be prepared to explain your innovation in different ways for various audiences.42. _________________.Sometimes it makes sense to go to your boss first. But other times, it's useful to build a coalition among your co-workers or other stakeholders. When it works, it works great--because you're ready for you stubborn supervisor's pushback with answers like, “Actually, I connected with a few people in our department to discuss how much time these kinds of websites would take, and they suggested they have the bandwidth.”43. _________________.One of the biggest barriers to gaining buy-in occurs when the owner of an idea is viewed as argumentative, defensive, or close-mind. Because let's be honest: No one likes know-it-all. So, if people disagree with you, don’t be indignant. Instead, listen to their concerns fully, try to understand their perspective, and include their concerns (and possible remedies) in future discussions. So, instead of saying, “Martha, our current slogan is confusing and should be update,” you could try, “Martha raises a grea t point point that our current slogan has a long history for our stakeholders, but I wonder if we might be able to brainstorm a tagline on that -- and be clearer for new customers.”44. _________________.New ideas are the grandchildren of old ones. In other words, don't throw old solutions under the bus to make your improvement stand out. Remember that in light of whatever the problem the old system solved --or, maybe, has failed to solve in recent memory -- it was a great idea at the time. Appreciating the older contributions as you suggest future innovations helps bolster the credibility of yours idea.45. _________________.When pitching a new idea, it’s important to use the language of abundance instead of deficit. Instead of saying what is wrong, broken, or suboptimal, talk about what is right, fixable or ideal. For example, try, “I can see lots of applications for this new approach” rather than, “This innovation is the only way.” Be optimistic but realistic, and you will stand out.答案FCGBASection III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You know the moment—the conversation slows and there’s a pause. It’s awkward, and so awkward that some people will panic and say anything. Do we all find such silences so stressful?Researchers analyzed the frequency and impact of gaps greater than 2 seconds during conversations, including an overview of previous studies which indicate that the fear of awkward silences is so extreme that people are likely to avoid talking to strangers, even though doing so is likely to be an enjoyable experience.During conversations with short gaps, people feel more connected to their conversation partners. But such feelings of connection markedly dip when entering a long gap. Long gaps between strangers are likely to be followed by a change in topic.But the opposite seems to be true for conversations between friends. Long gaps there saw increased connection. Between friends, longer gaps seem to provide natural moments for reflection and expression.参考译文：人们都熟悉这样的时刻——谈话开始放缓，紧随其后的是沉默。