研究生入学考试英语二真题答案解析
2015年研究生入学考试英语二真题答案解析Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings -- because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,". We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a13. The duo had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14. "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social真题解析：1. C [A] ticket 票[B] permit 允许，许可[C] signal信号，标志[D] record记录，记载解析：名词辨析。
根据上句话含义，“我们周围的每个人似乎都打开他们的手机，甚至没有__出现的时候“。
与手机相关的最合适的选项应为C信号的意思。
因此C为正确选项。
2. D [A] nothing 没有什么[B] little 一点[C] another另外一个[D] much许多解析：名词辨析。
在这句话中because there's ____to be gained，缺少的是gained 的宾语。
所以我们much 代替这个宾语。
因此D为正确选项。
3. C [A] beaten被击败的，打败的[B] guided有指导的[C] plugged 塞紧的[D] brought带来，拿来解析：动宾搭配。
C选项plugged 与into搭配，译为“塞进”，符合原文语境。
因此C为正确选项。
4. A [A] message消息，信息[B] code密码，法则[C] notice注意[D] sign符号，签名解析：动宾搭配。
send the messages 译为“传递消息”符合原文语义。
因此A为正确选项。
5. C [A] under在……下面[B] beyond超出[C] behind 在……后面[D] from来自解析：动词与介词搭配。
本题中，空格处所需一个介词，和前面的hide搭配。
因此，hide behind 翻译成“隐藏在__的后面”，搭配最为合理。
因此C为正确选项。
6.D [A]misapplied 被误用的[B]mismatched 不相配的，不势均力敌的[C]misadjusted 失调的[D]misinterpreted误解解析：上下文语义+词义辨析在本题中，空格处需要填一个动词的被动语态，同时要搭配后面的“as creepy”(被___当做怪异的)。
因此，结合四个单词的含义，D 选项“被误解成为行为怪异的”更符合原文语义要求。
因此D为正确选项。
7. C [A]replaced被替换的[B]fired被开除的[C]judged裁定的，评判的[D]delayed 延时的，拖延的解析：上下文语义+词义辨析本句中，考查我们“fear” 的事情是被____. 结合上下文语义以及选项含义，我们可以直接排除掉B和D,这两项与“坐地铁”无关。
符合原文含义的是D，我们害怕被“评判”。
因此C为正确选项。
8. D [A]unreasonable不合理的，不切合实际的[B] ungrateful忘恩负义的，不领情的[C]unconventional非传统的，不合惯例的[D]unfamiliar不熟悉的解析：上下文语义+形容词辨析本题考查形容词的辨析。
四个选项本身没有难度。
做形容词这一类题要注意它修饰的成分是什么。
本句是一个较简单的主系表结构，主语是“strangers” ，空格处让我们填表语，修饰的是strangers,因此，根据语义，应该选择D选项“不熟悉的”，译为“陌生人本身对我们来说就是不太熟悉的”。
因此D为正确选项。
9. C [A]comfortable 舒适的，充裕的[B]confident自信的，有信心的[C]anxious忧虑的，[D]angry生气的，愤怒的解析：上下文语义+形容词辨析本题结合前半句的含义，“陌生人本身对我们来说就是不太熟悉的”，因此，人们在和陌生人交流的时候会更___。
我们要选择一个形容词来修饰与陌生人交流时候的心情，结合四个单词含义，C“忧虑的”更符合这种交流心境。
因此C为正确选项。
10.D [A]attend 出席，参加[B]point指出，朝向，瞄准[C]take 拿，带[D]turn 翻转，旋转,转移解析：动词搭配。
上句语义为“为了避免这种尴尬，我们___我们的手机”。
在本句中，需要一个动词，并且能“to”搭配。
A与B比较好排除，关键看C和D这两个选项. C选项“take to ”译为“开始，从事”。
D选项“turn to”译为“转向”。
D比C更能说明我们的这个动作。
因此D为正确选项。
11. A [A]dangerous 危险的[B]mysterious神秘的[C]violent猛烈的，强烈的，暴力的[D]boring令人厌烦的，无聊的解析：形容词辨析。
结合上文语句，“电话已经变成了我们的安全保证”，“它是我们快乐的保障并且能够保护我们，不让我们受到更___的情况。
”根据上下文语义以及四个形容词含义，A选项更符合语义要求。
“危险的”和前面的“保护”搭配更为合理。
因此A为正确选项。
12. A [A]hurt 损害，伤害[B]resist抵制，抵抗[C]bend弯曲[D]decay（使）衰退，腐败解析：动词辨析。
这段句首有一个非常重要的连接词“But”,表示转折关系，说明接下来所要表述的含义与上文发生了完全的改变。
根据对上一段的分析，是说人们在乘坐地铁的时候，经常看手机是因为害怕和陌生人交流，那么这一段的论述方向为“但是如果我们收起手机，向上看看，其实不会__的重。
”结合四个选项含义，A选项“伤害”更符合语义。
因此A为正确选项。
13. B [A]lecture演讲，讲课[B]conversation谈话，会话[C]debate辩论，争论[D]negotiation谈判，协商解析：名词辨析。
2020年全国研究生入学统一考试真题及答案解析(英语二)
2020年全国研究生入学统一考试试题及答案解析（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single mo ment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
考研英语二真题及答案3
2021年研究生入学考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)"The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, t he nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify〞system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on〞systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12, the approach would create a “walled garden〞in safe “neighborhoods〞and bright “streetlights〞to establish a sense of 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “vo luntary ecosystem〞in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'"Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license〞mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem〞would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．9．10．11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in 12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast 13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 202X: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2021 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 202X. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a boar d was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise〞disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.〞Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow totheir reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors [B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters [D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure, the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable [B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market [D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm [B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm [D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is.[A]permissive [B]positive[C]scornful [D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 202X. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2021, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own d oom〞(Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more〞was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mie s’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s La ke Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the bu ildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less〞was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses〞commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more〞trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life - few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers - but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’.[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House〞?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle〞of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powe rs, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern〞camp headed by French wants something different: 〞European economic government〞within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers.[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __.［A］pessimistic ［B］desperate［C］conceited ［D］hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements〞such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.〞He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones〞around school and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We ne ed to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new ‘responsibility deal’ with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.〞The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking overIn this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right〞answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.Section IV WritingPart A47 Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei〞instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48Directions:Write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsyou should write at least 150 wrodswrite your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)2021英语二参考答案1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 16．A 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．D21-25 BDCAD 26-30 DBCAA 31-35 CDCDB 36-40 BCBAD参考答案从全球范围来看，有谁会想到IT 行业释放的温室气体与全球航空公司产生的一样多呢？它大约占总二氧化碳总排量的2%。
硕士入学考试：2020年[英语二]考试真题与答案解析
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硕士入学考试：2020年[英语二]考试真题与答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this. You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child thatyou may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语(二)十年真题(含答案)
考研英语（二）十年真题及答2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (1)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (10)2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (12)2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (22)2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (24)2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (34)2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (36)2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (45)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (47)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (56)2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (58)2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (68)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (70)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (80)2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (82)2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (92)2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (94)2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (104)2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (106)2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (117)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June11,2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic1by the World Health Organization in41years.The heightened alert2an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising3in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is"4"in severity,according to Margaret Chan,the organization's director general,5the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery,often in the6of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global7in late April2009,when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths8healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to9in New York City,the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States,new cases seemed to fade10warmer weather arrived.But in late September2009, officials reported there was11flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the12tested are the new swine flu,also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has13more than one million people,and caused more than600deaths and more than6,000hospitalizations.Federal health officials14Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began15orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is16ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in early October2009, though most of those17doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not18for pregnant women, people over50or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other19.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group:health care workers,people20infants and healthy young people.1.[A]criticized[B]appointed[C]commented[D]designated2.[A]proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[D]prompted3.[A]digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[D]sums4.[A]moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[D]extreme5.[A]with[B]in[C]from[D]by6.[A]progress[B]absence[C]presence[D]favor7.[A]reality[B]phenomenon[C]concept[D]notice8.[A]over[B]for[C]among[D]to9.[A]stay up[B]crop up[C]fill up[D]cover up10.[A]as[B]if[C]unless[D]until11.[A]excessive[B]enormous[C]significant[D]magnificent12.[A]categories[B]examples[C]patterns[D]samples13.[A]imparted[B]immersed[C]injected[D]infected14.[A]released[B]relayed[C]relieved[D]remained15.[A]placing[B]delivering[C]taking[D]giving16.[A]feasible[B]available[C]reliable[D]applicable17.[A]prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative[D]initial18.[A]presented[B]restricted[C]recommended[D]introduced19.[A]problems[B]issues[C]agonies[D]sufferings20.[A]involved in[B]caring for[C]concerned with[D]warding offSectionⅡReading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages.Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,B,C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of56works by Damien Hirst,"Beautiful Inside My Head Forever",at Sotheby's in London on September15th2008.All but two pieces sold,fetching more than￡70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last victory.As the auctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since2003.At its peak in2007it was worth some$65billion,reckons Clare Mc Andrew,founder of Arts Economics,a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to$50billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst's sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector,they were down by nearly90%in the year to November2008.Within weeks the world's two biggest auction houses,Sotheby's and Christie's,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of1989.This time experts reckon that prices are about40%down on their peak on average,though some have been far more fluctuant.But Edward Dolman,Christie's chief executive,says:"I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom."What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds—death,debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as"a last victory"because________.[A]the art market had witnessed a succession of victories[B]the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids[C]Beautiful inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces[D]it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line1-2,Para.3),the author suggeststhat________.[A]collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions[B]people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries[C]art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent[D]works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A]Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from2007to2008.[B]The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.[C]The art market generally went downward in various ways.[D]Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are________.[A]auction houses'favorites[B]contemporary trends[C]factors promoting artwork circulation[D]styles representing Impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be________.[A]Fluctuation of Art Prices[B]Up-to-date Art Auctions.[C]Art Market in Decline[D]Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them.Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them.This man quickly nodded in agreement.He gestured toward his wife and said,"She's the talker in our family."The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt."It's true,"he explained."When I come home from work,I have nothing to say.If she didn't keep the conversation going,we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late1970s.Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book"Divorce Talk"that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.Given the current divorce rate of nearly50 percent,that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year—a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research,complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning,cooking,social arrangements.Instead they focused on communication:"He doesn't listen to me.""He doesn't talk to me."I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face,while a woman glares at the back of it,wanting to talk.26.What is most wives'main expectation of their husbands?[A]Talking to them.[B]Trusting them.[C]Supporting their careers.[D]Sharing housework.27.Judging from the context,the phrase"wreaking havoc"(Line3,Para.2)most probably means________.[A]generating motivation.[B]exerting influence[C]causing damage[D]creating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT________.[A]men tend to talk more in public than women[B]nearly50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation[C]women attach much importance to communication between couples[D]a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?[A]The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.[B]Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.[C]Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.[D]Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on________.[A]a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk[B]a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon[C]other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.[D]a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText3Over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers.These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks,or wipe counters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues."There are fundamental public health problems,like dirty hands instead of a soap habit,that remain killers only because we can't figure out how to change people's habits,"said Dr.Curtis,the director of the Hygiene Center at the London school of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine."We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically."The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers'lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough,you'll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers,health snacks,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago,many people didn't drink water outside of a meal.Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup."Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,"said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter&Gamble,the company that sold$76billion of Tide,Crest and other products last year."Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers'lives,and it's essential to making new products commercially viable."Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising.As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A]should be further cultivated[B]should be changed gradually[C]are deeply rooted in history[D]are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph5so as to________.[A]reveal their impact on people's habits[B]show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people's buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people's habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilever34.From the text we know that some of consumer's habits are developed due to________.[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.The author's attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people's habits is________.[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,religion,sex,or national origin;that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in1968,jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states, for example,jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education,and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the1880case of Strauder v.West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.Although women first served on state juries in Utah in1898,it was not until the1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list.This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the1960s.In1968,the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.In the landmark1975decision Taylor vs.Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of thecommunity to the state level.The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of the US jury system,we learn that________.[A]both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to1968showed________.[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court Judges38.Even in the1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because________.[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.________.[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.In discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______.[A]its nature and problems.[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions.[D]its tradition and developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false.Choose T if the statement is True or F if the statement is not true on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft,the787and A350respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference.But a group of researchers at Stanford University,led by Ilan Kroo,has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use,and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.The answer,says Dr Kroo,lies with birds.Since1914,scientists have known that birds flying in formation-a V-shape-expend less energy.The air flowing over a bird's wings curls upwards behind the wingtips,a phenomenonknown as upwash.Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag,and spend less energy propelling themselves.Peter Lissaman,an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California,has suggested that a formation of25birds might enjoy a range increase of71%.When applied to aircraft,the principles are not substantially different.Dr Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles,San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah,assume an inverted V-formation,occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favorable positions,and proceed to London.They found that the aircraft consumed as much as15%less fuel(coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output).Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.There are,of course,knots to be worked out.One consideration is safety,or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable traveling in companion?Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles,and would not be in the intimate groupings favored by display teams like the Red Arrows.A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes.Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter,although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organization has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient.In zones of increased turbulence,the planes'wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish.Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further.It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft,in contrast,might be easier to reschedule,as might routine military flights.As it happens,America's armed forces are on the case already.Earlier this year the country's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight,though the program has yet to begin.There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War,but Dr Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated."My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,"he adds.So he should know.41.Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.42.The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.44.The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.45.It has been documented that during World War II,Americas armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate it into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)"Sustainability"has become a popular word these days,but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning.Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late1990s selling insurance.He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for a job,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn't go well."It was a really bad move because that's not my passion,"says Ning,whose dilemma about the job translated,predictably,into a lack of sales."I was miserable,I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.I had no money and needed the job.Everyone said,'Just wait,you'll turn the corner,give it some time.'"Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:You have just come back from the U.S.as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program.Write a letter to your American colleague to1)Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2)Welcome him/her to visit China in due course。
2023考研英语二真题答案及解析(21-48)
2023考研英语二真题答案及解析（21-48）业务课名称：英语二考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121.【答案】【A】is harmful to the environment22.【答案】【B】resistance to fake grass use23.【答案】【B】the disadvantages of growing real grass24.【答案】【C】Remind its users to obey existing rules25.【答案】【D】has been a controversial product阅读部分：31. Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet, the human brain willA. analyze information in detailB. collect information efficientlyC. switch its focus of memoryD. extend its memory duration【答案】C32. The process of “cognitive offloading”A. helps us identify false informationB. keeps our memory from failingC. enables us to classify trivial factsD. lessens our memory burdens【答案】D33. Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?A. It may reform our learning approachB. It may impact our society negativelyC. It may enhance our adaptability to technologyD. It may interfere with our conceptual thinking【答案】A34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?A. requires further academic researchB. is most studies in older adultsC. is reflected in our reading speedD. depends on our web-surfing habits【答案】A35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree thatA. our reliance on the Internet will be costlyB. the Internet is weakening our memoryC. memory exercise is a must for our brainD. our ability to focus declines with age【答案】BPart B41.【题干】Brian Bemy【答案】【D】The new rules will take home prices to an even higher level.42.【题干】Gareth Belsham【答案】【F】The new rules will affect people whose home extensions include new windows or doors.43.【题干】Marcus Jefford【答案】【B】Builders possibly need to submit new estimates of theirprojects44.【题干】John Kelly【答案】【A】The rise of home prices is a temporary matter.45.【题干】Andrew Mellor【答案】【G】The rule changes will benefit homeowners eventually.Section III Translation (15 points)46. 【翻译原文】In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was oneof the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently, Through carefully selected words and phrases,poems can be dramatic, funny,beautiful,moving and inspiringNo one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud.Poems really come tolife when they are recited. This canalso help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.【参考译文】18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗歌而闻名。
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题(总分90, 做题时间180分钟)Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative **ments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens wereelectrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of theUniversity of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read **ments.SSS_SINGLE_SELAresolveBprotectCdiscussDignore该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:A句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。
2005考研英语二真题答案解析
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1this is largely because, 2animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7human smells even when these are 8to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 14to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15new receptors if necessary. This may 16explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not 17of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it be st to keep smell receptors 19for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A] although [B] as [C] but [D] while2. [A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides3. [A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined4. [A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking5. [A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore6. [A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if7. [A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting8. [A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused9. [A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas10. [A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical11. [A] signs [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses12. [A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times13. [A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed14. [A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient15. [A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create16. [A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless17. [A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired18. [A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice19. [A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable20. [A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attent ion to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de W aal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about globalwarming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermost at, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reas oning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy o r depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased p eople’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tonewhen they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national”doesn’t have to mean that. “National”could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national”organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebecand Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocatesfor a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agencywould strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national”mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended afederal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue toincrease faster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs haverisen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it,starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they canlobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phasein European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析这是一篇科普性说明文，文章主要介绍了人类嗅觉的特点及原因。
(完整版)年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章,主要讲述了 G. I。
Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。
二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词,在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是 who（指代 men and women),动作发生的地点是 in World War II；空后的句子“the people they liberated”中 they也指代 men and women，他们有 liberate的动作，由此推断“the men and women"指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人，即服役的军人。
只有 serve 有“服兵役”的意思，所以选 B。
A 项 perform 意为“表现；执行；表演”；C 项 rebel 意为“造反,反抗”；D 项 betray 意为"背叛，出卖”，皆不符合文意,为干扰项.2．【答案】B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的 the poor farm kid 和 the guy 在含义上呼应，同时与空格后的“grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致,因此空内信息应该是与 hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄,所以选 B.A 项 actual 意为“实际上，事实上的”；C 项 special 意为“特殊的，专门的”；D 项 normal 意为“正常的,常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。
3．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是 who（the guy)，宾语是 all the burdens of battle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词 bear 或 shoulder,所以这里选 A，bore.B 项 ease 意为“减轻,缓和”；C 项 remove 意为“移除,去掉”；D 项 load 意为“负重,装货”. 4．【答案】A【解析】空格处所缺词在含义上与下文的信息 food 和 shelter（食物和遮蔽物）一致，对于战场上的士兵而言，这些就是维持生存最起码的条件，故 A 选项 necessities “生活必需品”为正确答案.B 项 facilities 意为“设备设施”；C 项 commodities 意为“商品,货物”；D 项 properties 意为“财产，资产”;均不符合题意.5．【答案】C【解析】空格之前的部分“This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid.。
2023年考研英语二真题及答案完整版
2023年考研英语二真题及答案完好版2023年考研英语二真题及答案完好版考研英语二真题：Section I Use of EnglishDirections： Read the following text. Choose the best word〔s〕 for each numbered black and mark A，B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 〔10 points〕Harlan Coben believes that if you are a writer，you will find the time； and that if you can＇t find the time， then writing isn＇t a priority， and you are not a writer. For him， writing is a __1__ job—a job like any other. He has __2__ it with plumbing，pointing out that a plumber doesn＇t wake up and say that he can＇t work with pipes today.__3__， like most writers these days， you＇re holding down a job to pay the bills， it＇s not __4__ to find the time to write. But it＇s not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness. __5__ that most bestselling authors began writing when theywere doing other things to earn a living. And today，even writers who are fairly __6__ often have to do other work to __7__ their writing ine.As Harlan Coben has suggested it＇s a __8__ of priorities. To make writing a priority， you＇ll have to __9__ some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy.There＇s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for， __16__ your writing and that＇s reading. Any write needs to read as much and as wildly as they can. It＇s the one __17__ supporter—something you can＇t do without.1. [A] difficult [B] normal [C] steady [D] pleasant2. [A] bined [B] pared [C] confused [D] confronted3. [A] If [B] Though [C] Once [D] Unless4. [A] enough [B] strange [C] wrong [D] easy5. [A] Accept [B] Explain [C] Remember [D] Suppose6. [A] well-known [B] well-advised [C] well-informed [D] well-chosen7. [A] donate [B] generate [C] supplement [D] calculate8. [A] cause [B] purpose [C] question [D] condition9. [A] highlight [B] sacrifice [C] continue [D] explore10. [A] relations [B] interests [C] memories [D] skills11. [A] until [B] because [C] while [D] before12. [A] put up with [B] make up for [C] hang onto[D] cut down on13. [A] intelligent [B] occasional [C] intensive[D] emotional14. [A] habit [B] test [C] decision [D] plan15. [A] tough [B] gentle [C] rapid [D] funny16. [A] in place of [B] in charge of [C] in response to [D] in addition to17. [A] indispensable [B] innovative [C] invisible[D] instant18. [A] duller [B] harder [C] quieter [D] quicker19. [A] peacefully [B] generously [C] productively[D] gratefully20. [A] at most [B] in turn [C] on average [D] above allSection II Reading prehensionPart ADirections： Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A， B， C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 〔40 points〕Text 1＂I＇m excited about our progresses，＂ says Brown， who harvests eggs for Denver-based Nest Fresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds＇waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements ＂allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land， the hens， and the eggs that we supply to our customers.＂The egg industry＇s push is the first major testof whether animal products from regenerative farms canbee the next premium offering. In barely more than a decade， organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats， but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg roll out is successful， it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef broccoli and beyond.Regenerative products could be a hard sell，because the concept is tough to define quickly， says Julie Stanton， associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. Such farming also brings minimal， if any，improvement to the food products 〔though some producers say their eggs have more protein〕.The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range， non-GMO， and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change， and some ofthe success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the enviro____ent. Young adults ＂really care about the pla，＂ says John Brunnquell altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they＇re doing.＂[A] at a considerably low cost[B] at the demand of regular shoppers[C] as a replacement for organic eggs[D] on specially designed farms22. Larry Brown is excited about his progress in__________[A] reducing the damage of worms[B] accelerating the disposal of waste[C] creating a sustainable system[D] attracting customers to his products23. The exle of organic eggs is used in the fourth paragraph is to suggest ________[A] the doubts to over natural feeds[B] the setbacks in the eggs industry[C] the potential of regenerative products[D] the promotional success of super markets24. It can be learned from the last paragraph that young people __________[A] are reluctant to change their diet[C] are curious about new food[D] are amazed at agriculture advance25. John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton over regenerative products in __________[A] markets prospects[B] nutritional value[C] standard definition[D] moral implicationText 2One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life， according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of ＂unretirees＂—those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring—said they would be employed in their lateryears even if they had enough money to settle down，the survey showed.＂The concept of retirement is evolving，＂ said Christine Russell， senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. ＂It＇s not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.＂One reason for the change in retirement patterns：Americans are living longer. The share of the population 65 and older was 16%in 2023， up 3.2% from the prior year， according to the U.S Census Bureau. That＇s also up 30.2% since 2023.Because of longer life spans， Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs，the TD Ameritrade study showed， which surveyed 2000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 ＂unretirees＂ are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life， according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this， the pany said， is by reducing their overall expenses， securing lifeinsurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.＂The most challenging moments in life are getting married， starting a family and ultimatelyretiring，＂ Facet Wealth cofounder Brent Weiss told USA Today. ＂It＇s not just a financial decision， but an emotional one. Many people believe they can＇t retire.＂26. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that __________[A] over half of the retirees are physically fit for work[B] the old workforce is as active as the younger one[C] one in three Americans enjoy earlierretirement[D] more Americans are willing to work in retirement[A] retirement may cause problems for them[B] boredom can be relieved after retirement[C] the mental health of retirees is overlooked[D] ＂unretirement＂ contributes to the economy28. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to __________[A] labor shortages[B] population growth[C] longer life expectancy[D] rising living costs29. Many retires are increasing in savings by__________[A] investing more in stocks[B] taking up odd jobs[C] getting well paid work30. With regard to retirement， Brent Weiss thinks that many people are __________[A] unprepared[B] unafraid[C] disappointed[D] enthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them， in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the timesyou felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel something that should be simple and transparent can be plicated， intentionally or unintentionally， in ways that impair consumer choice. These are exles of dark patterns.First coined in 2023 by user experience expert Harry Brignull，＂dark patterns＂ is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of mon dark patterns，ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel， where user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start， but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.Where is the line between ethical， persuasive design and dark patterns？ Businesses should engage in conversations with IT， pliance， risk， and legal teams to review their privacy policy， and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the pany＇s userinterface， as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups checkout baskets， pricing，and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding ＂digital deception＂.Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns， most recently at the state level. In March， the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act 〔CCPA〕 that ensures that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. The regulations aim to ban dark pattern—this means prohibiting panies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such asforcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn＇t opt out.As more states consider promulgating additional regulations， there is a need for greater accountability from within the business munity. Dark patterns also be addressed on a self-regulatory basis， but only if organizations hold themselvesaccountable， not just to legal requirements， but also to industry best practices and standard.31. It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns __________.[A] improve user experiences[B] leak user information for profit[C] undermine users＇ decision-making[D] remind users of hidden costs32. The 2023 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show __________.[A] their major flaws[B] their plex designs[C] their severe damage[D] their strong presence33. To handle digital deception， businesses should __________.[A] listen to customer feedback[B] talk with relevant teams[D] rely on professional training[A] guide users through opt-out processes[B] protect consumers from being tricked[C] grant panies data privacy rights[D] restrict access to problematic content35. According to the last paragraph， a key to coping with dark patterns is __________.[A] new legal requirements[B] businesses＇ self -discipline[C] strict regulatory standards[D] consumers＇ safety awarenessText 4Although ethics classes are mon around the world，scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior， evidence either way is weak，relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that， in at least one real-world situation， a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class sessions＇impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons， according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel， a philosopher at theUniversity of California， Riverside： students＇attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable，behavior is easily measurable， and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good becauseit reduces enviro____ental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat，optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead.Then， unknown to the students， the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester—nearly 14，000 receipts for almost 500 students. Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect； he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors， including voting rates，blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics， meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study＇sduration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.That＇s actually a pretty large effect for apretty small intervention， Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania， who was not involved in the study，says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real she notes， it might be reversible by another nudge：＂Easy e， easy go.＂Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence - classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism， showing it as achievable or more mon. Second， the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing， he thinks， was rational argument， although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now there searchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style， teaching assistant＇s eating habits and students＇ videoexposure Meanwhile Schwitzgebel who had predicted no effect-will be eating his words.36. Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are __________.[A] hard to determine[B] narrowly interpreted[C] difficult to ignore[D] poorly summarized37. Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat-eating？[A] It is mon among students.[B] It is a behavior easy to measure.[C] It is important to students＇ health.[D] It is a hot topic in ethics classes38. Eric Schwitzgebel＇s previous findings suggest that ethics professors __________.[A] are seldom critical of their students[B] are less sociable than other professors[C] are not sensitive to political issues[D] are not necessarily ethically better39. Nina Strohminger thinks that effect of the intervention is __________.[A] permanent[B] predictable[C] uncertain[D] unrepeatable40. Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students＇change in behavior __________.[A] can bring psychological benefits[B] can be analyzed statistically[C] is a result of multiple factors[D] is a sign of self-developmentPart BDirections： Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph 〔41-45〕. There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. 〔10 points〕[A] Make it a habit[B] Don＇t go it alone[C] Start low， go slow[D] Talk with your doctor[E] Listen to your body[F] Go through the motions[G] Round out your routineHow to Get Active AgainGetting back into exercise after a break can be a challenge in the best of times， but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days， it can be tricky to know where to start. And it is important to get the right dose ofactivity. ＂Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout，＂ says Mary Yoke， PhD， a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington. The following simple strategies will help you return to exercise safely after a break.41. ___________________________Don＇t try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day，playing 18 holes of golf three times a week， orlifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps，reduce activity to half a mile every other day， or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days， or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps. Increase time， distance， and intensity gradually. ＂This isn＇t something you can do overnight，＂ says Keri L. Denay， MD. lead author of a recent American College of Sports Medicine advisory that encourages Americans to not overlook the benefits of activity during the pandemic. But you＇ll reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep right away.42. ___________________________If you＇re breathing too hard to talk in plete sentences， back off. If you feel good， go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session？Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms， such as chest pain or pressure， severe shortness of breath or dizziness， or faintness， and seek medical attention immediately.43. ___________________________44. ___________________________Even if you can＇t yet do a favorite activity，you can practice the moves. With or without a club or racket swing like you＇re hitting the ball. Paddlelike you＇re in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your musclesfor when you can get out there again.45. ___________________________Section III Translation46. Directions： In this section there is a textin English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. 〔15 points〕Although we try out best， sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned. Changes in the light， the limitations of your painting materials，and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not e to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing， it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits：you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realize that when one door closes， another opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and e up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking outside the box will bee your second nature.In fact， creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life， with which you are more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions：Suppose you are planning a cus food festival，write an email to international students in your university to1〕 introduce the food festival2〕 invite them to participateYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET. 〔10 points〕Do not use your own name. Use ＂Li Ming＂ instead.Part B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing， you should1〕 interpret the chart and2〕 give your mentsYou should write about 150 words in the ANSWER SHEET. 〔15 points〕考研英语二答案：Section I Use of English1-5 BBADC 6-10 ACCBB 11-15 CDBAA 16-20 DADCDSection II Reading prehension21-25 DCCBA 26-30 DACDA 31-35 CDBBB 36-40 ABDCC41-45 CEAFBSection III Translation46. 参考译文虽然我们会竭尽全力，但有时我们的画作还是会和我们本来设想的不太一样。
2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》真题及解析
2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》真题及解析材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Harlan Coben believes that if you’re a writer, you’ll find （江南博哥）the time; and that if you can’t find the time, then writing isn’t a priority and you’re not a writer. For him, writing is 1 job—a job like any other. He has 2 it with plumbing, pointing out that plumber doesn’t wake up and say that he can’t work with pipes today. 3 , like most writers these days, you’re holding down a job to pay the bills, it’s not 4 to find the time to write. But it’s not impossible. It requires determination andsingle-mindedness. 5 that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly 6 often have to do other work to 7their writing income. As Harlan Coben has suggested, it’s a 8of priorities. To make writing a priority, you’ll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and something you really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write 11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 the amount of exercise or sport you do. You’ll have to make social media an 13 activity rather than a daily, time-consuming 14 . There’ll probably have to be less socializing with your friends and less time with your family. It’s a 15 learning curve and it won’t always make you popular. There’s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, 16 your writing—and that’s reading. Any write needs to read as made and as widely as they can, it’s the one 17 supporter—something you can’t do without. Time is finite. The older you get, the 18 it seems to go. We need to use it so carefully and as 19 as we can, that meansprioritizing out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you’re a writer, that means—20 —writing.查看材料1.【完形填空】第1题答案是_______.A. difficultB. normalC. steadyD. pleasant正确答案：B参考解析：A: difficult 困难B: normal 正常的C: steady 持续地、平稳地D: pleasant 讨人喜欢的。