英语使役用法

使役动词以及具有使役意义的动词

英语中具有使役意义的动词较多，跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念。通常我们说使役动词，指的是make, have, let这三个动词，它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to。但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些，用法也较灵活。

一使役动词have, let, make （常用于复合结构）

1. have的用法

1）have +宾语+do（省略to的不定式）：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事，宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。

The rich lady had the singer eat with her servants.

这位富有的女士让这位歌手和她的仆人一起吃饭。

I will have him come and help you.

我会让他来帮助你的。

2）have+宾语+现在分词：表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中，宾语和宾补是一种主动关系。

The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.

这两个骗子让灯整晚亮着。

He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.

昨天他让我们一直等了他三个小时。

I have them all talking to each other in English.

我鼓励他们用英语交谈。

3）have +宾语+过去分词：表示主语的主观意志，即主语让别人为自己完成某事，宾语和宾补是动宾关系，还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事。

Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.

汤姆修了他的电视机。（别人修的）

Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.

昨天汤姆使他的钱包被偷了。（别人偷的）

4）have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补

Please have your tickets ready.

请准备好你的票。

The Emperor had nothing on.

这位皇帝什么都没在做。

I am sure I’ll have him in the argument.

2. let的用法

1）let +宾语+do（省to不定式）：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事，宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。

Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.

让他们自己待在教室里做练习吧。

Let AB be equal to CD.

假设AB等于CD.

2）let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补

Let me in and let them out.

让我进来，让他们出去。

Who let you into the building?

谁让你进到大楼里来的？

3. make的用法

1）make +宾语+do（省to不定式）：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事，宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。此结构常用被动结构。The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.

老师让这个调皮的男孩在那里站了一个小时。

The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour.

这个调皮的男孩被让在那站了一个小时。

2）make+宾语+过去分词，此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词。He raised his voice to make himself heard.

他提高嗓音让自己被听到。

They will make an important plan known to the public soon. 他们不久就会让公众知道这个计划。

3）make+宾语+形容词，宾语亦可是从句。

The news made her happy.

这个消息使她快乐。

He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.

他明确表明他反对这个建议。

二使役意义状态动词get, leave, set, send, keep, drive, etc.常用于复合结构中

1. get：使成为/变得某种状态或结果。

I can’t get the old radio to work.

我无法让那旧收音机工作起来。（接带to不定式作宾补）

Can you really get that old car going again?

你真能让那旧车运转起来吗?

The farmer got his planting done before the rain came.

那农民在雨季前完成了种植。

He got his wrist broken.

他折断了手腕。（主语发生了不幸的事）

She soon got the children ready for school.

她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备。

2. leave：使保持/处于某种状态

Leave your hat and coat in the hall.

把帽子和外套放在大厅里。

Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?

你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?

Always leave things where you can find them again.

总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方。

Who left that window open?