2015中考题型专练之书面表达(读写综合)

2015中考题型专练之书面表达（读写综合）
【解题指导】
中考英语书面表达属于主观性试题，一直在中考英语试题中占有很重要的地位。

书面表达既考查学生的词汇、语法等基础知识，又考查学生的语言组织能力和语言表达能力。

在写作过程中，我们应注意如下几点：
一、仔细审题，参透要求。

1. 审要求：对于题目中所提供的内容，无论是英语还是汉语，都要认真分析、反复推敲，特别要留意题中的“要求”或“注意”部分。

这些都是命题人对考生提出的具体要求和应注意的事项。

2. 明体裁：我们常见的书面表达体裁有记叙文、说明文、议论文及各种应用文(书信、电子邮件、贺卡、启事、便条、通知、海报、明信片、倡议书及日记)。

要注意各种应用文的写作格式。

3. 定人称：根据所给材料的内容及要求，选择合适的人称。

4. 定时态：根据题目中所提供的内容及要求，确定文章的基本时态。

如描述一件事情或写一篇日记常用过去时；通知类常用将来时等。

二、草拟提纲，确定要点。

认真审题后，判断哪些是主要信息，哪些是次要信息，然后拟定提纲，确定每部分的写作要点。

三、连句成文，润色加工。

如果只是简单地将各条信息逐一罗列出来，我们很难得高分。

要想取得高分，我们还需对初稿加以润色，适当地使用一些连接词(如and, but, so, because, though, however等)和复合句(如宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等)，从而使文章句与句之间、段与段之间的衔接更加紧密；还要注意文章中句式的变化(如长短句结合，简单句、并列句与复合句共用等)，从而使文章富有节奏感。

此外，还可以适当使用一些高级词汇。

四、通读全文，细心检查。

检查也是不可缺少的重要环节。

写完后，通读全文，看文章是否通顺，要点是否完整，体裁是否恰当，单词拼写、大小写、词语搭配及语法使用是否正确无误等。

★☆读写综合☆★
(a) 信息归纳
阅读下面这篇文章，根据文章内容完成信息表格。

（每空不超过三个词）
Chai Jing, who worked for China Central Television (CCTV) from 2001 to 2013 as a TV reporter, made a documentary named Under the Dome to educate the public about smog. It is released (发行) online on March 1st, 2015.
In the opening of the documentary, Chai tells the story of her daughter with a benign tumour (良性肿瘤) before her birth. “I couldn’t help worrying while seeing the polluted sky in Beijing,” she says. She only took her daughter outside when the air in Beijing was good. The rest of the time she had to keep her at home like a “prisoner (囚犯)”. And there were 175 polluted days in 2014 in Beijing.
In the documentary, Chai had an interview with a six-year-old girl, Wang Huiqin, who lives in Shanxi Province, a heavily polluted area in China. The girl told Chai that she had never seen stars, blue skies or white clouds in her village.
Chai also went to London and Los Angeles, which had both suffered air pollution in the past, to learn how they had improved their environment.
Chai spent one year making this 103-minute film, which cost her over 1 million yuan. In the documentary, Chai tries to answer three questions. They are “What is smog?”, “Where does it come from?” and “What should people do?” And she calls on everyone to get into the fight against smog.
(b) 书面表达
纪录片《穹顶之下》讲述了杭州作为全国机动车保有量最大的城市已经成为中国雾霾天数最多的城市之一。

假如你是杭州某中学的一名学生，请你根据下面给出的要点，写一篇短文。

要点：
1. 雾霾带来的危害；
2. 作为中学生，我们应该如何减少雾霾(如出行时尽量选择步行、骑自行车或乘公交车；节约用电；多种树等)。

提示词：electricity
要求：
1. 短文须包含所有要点，可适当发挥；
2. 不少于80词。

开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Smog is a kind of air pollution and it makes the sky look grey and dirty. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________
Key:
(a) 1. a reporter 2. March 1st 3. educate
4. daughter
5. heavily polluted area
(b) One possible version:
Smog is a kind of air pollution and it makes the sky look grey and dirty. It is bad for people’s health. People may get ill as a result of the heavy smog. Besides, it may cause traffic accidents.
We should take action and try to reduce air pollution. As middle school students, we should go to school on foot, by bike or by bus if possible instead of by car. We should save electricity by turning off the lights when we don’t need them. What’s more, we should plant more trees.
I hope all of us will work together to fight against smog and make the air cleaner and fresher.。