2011年6月大学英语四级作文预测：城市化
2011年6月大学英语四级作文预测：城市化
2011年6月大学英语四级作文预测：城市化
Urbanization
Presently, there is a tendency that a growing number of people are moving
from countryside into city annually. A century ago, less than five percent
of all people lived in cities. By the middle of this century it could be
seventy percent, or almost six and a half billion people.
Urbanization can lead to social and economic progress, but also put
pressure on cities to provide housing and services. With the increasing
number of individuals pouring into cities, the worsening inequalities,
driven by social divisions and differences in wealth, could result in
violence and crime unless cities plan better. Another issue is urban
expansion. This is where cities expand quickly into rural areas, sometimes
at a much faster rate than urban population growth.
From my perspective, the government is expected to implement laws and
regulations to limit the exceedingly growing of the urban population. As
college students, we can seek employment back to our hometown and I am
sure a promising future is awaiting us there.
2011年06月英语四级真题答案 2011级模拟二
2011年06月英语四级真题答案快速阅读：(每题1分，共10分)1.B2.A3.B4.C5.C6.D7.B8. the local markets 9. in a British way 0. share their meals听力（共35 分）Section A&B (每题1分，共25分)11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.C 18.B 19.D 20.D 21.A 22.D 23.B 24.B 25.B 26. C 27.C 28.D 29.D 30.A 31.C 32.A 33.A 34.A 35.CSection C：（单词每个0.5分，句子每个2分，共10分）36. survive 37. distant 38. backward 39. discovered 40. scientific 41.motion 42.precdicted 43.introduced44. that move at a speed greater than light (1’) and therefore, might serve as ourpassports to the past (1’).45. seems to have been a part of humanity(1’)for as long as humans have existed(1’).46. used a definition of time for experimental purposes(1’), as that which is measuredby a clock(1’).深入阅读：(共25’)Section A 选词填空（每空0.5’, 共5’）47. N) 48.L ) 49.H ) 50. B)51. A)52. J)53. F) 54. O) 55. E) 56. G) Section B (每题2’, 共20’)57. D 58. D 59. A 60. D 61. A 62. B 63. A 64. B 65. D 66. D完型填空：(每空0.5’, 共10’)67. D 68. C 69. A 70. B 71. B 72. A 73. C 74. A 75. C 76. B77. A 78. C 79. B 80. B 81. C 82. D 83. B 84. C 85. D 86.C翻译：(每题1’, 共5’)87. nor (neither) did they make any explanationnor (neither) did they explain the reasonnor (neither) did they give the reason for doing so88. couldn’t be assigned to another job89. at the risk of his own liferisking his own lifetaking the risk of losing his own life90. was his assistant who answered/ picked up the phoneturned out that his assistant answered/ picked up the phone91. his father persuaded/ talked him into majoring in lawsampleOnline ShoppingOnline shopping has become a fashion trend. Almost everyone has experienced online shopping—some even have got accustomed to it. However, while making our life easier, it may bring us problems as well.Goods ranging from fruit to steak, from a book to an intensive training program, from a film ticket to a package tour can all be purchased without leaving one’s home, which saves all the traffic jams, parking inconvenience and queuing time. Nevertheless, good or services of poor quality, fake products or even Internet frauds may consume rather than save our time, energy and money, turning our online shopping experience into a nightmare. What can we do in order to eat the fish and avoid the bones?Think before you order, and don’t allow room for products without signs to show their manufacturing time and place, products of unbelievably low price and products free of charge to spoil your life.Online ShoppingOnline shopping is gaining increasing popularity recently and it promises to be further imbedded into our daily life.Online shopping is beneficial to consumers and retailers alike in more than on way. For consumers, it is time- and energy- saving to purchase whatever they want over the Internet with much lower prices. For retailers, they can save much cost without having to rent a house in the downtown and spending much on employees compared with traditional market sale.However, despite many benefits from online shopping, there are still some defects that cannot be ignored. For one thing, lack of face-to-face communication makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy. For another, some dishonest merchants may provide false information, which renders it time-consuming to identify the commodity.From my perspective, the benefits of online shopping do outweigh its defects, and to refuse to eat for fear of choking is always an unwise choice. What we should do is regulate the relevant to bind the online trading activities. Only when a harmonious Internet environment is established can we enjoy the pleasure and convenience of online shopping.。
英语四级考试作文话题预测及（5篇材料）
英语四级考试作文话题预测及（5篇材料）第一篇：英语四级考试作文话题预测及英语四级考试作文话题预测及范文二十三Private Tutoring1.为孩子聘请家教目前非常普遍2.家教的利与弊3.我的看法Private tutoring is “in”.A recent investigation shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private tutors，Such a popular practice indicates that people are attaching greater importance to education.Many parents, for various reasons，missed the chance of obtaining a good education.when their children meet with difficulties in study, they arc helpless, Private tutoring is the only solution.As private tutoring is usually one-to-one, the teacher knows the strong points as we11 as the weak points of the pupil, clearly.However, private tutoring has its own disadvantages, for one thing, it takes up so much of the pupils' time that they can hardly find enough time for rest and entertainment, which are essential for their physical and mental health.For another, some teachers, busy“shuttling” from one family to another, tend to neglect their regular teaching duties.What's more，some teachers are eager to help pupils do well in the test, offering the so-ca11ed tips for test-taking Father than help them acquire what is more meaningful.Generally speaking, its disadvantages outweigh its advantages.Greater emphasis should be laid on classroom teaching and practice, on the improvement of teaching quality and on the tapping of the pupils' potentials.Only in this way can we generation be healthily brought up.二十四Directions: For this part you are allowed 30minutes to write a composition on the topic City Problems.You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1.越来越多的人涌入大城市，有些问题随之产生2.比较明显的大问题有3.我对这种现象的想法。
2011北京高考英语作文
2011北京高考英语作文在2011年北京高考英语作文中，考生被要求写一篇关于“城市化进程中的问题”的议论文。
以下是一篇符合该标题的作文范文：Urbanization: Challenges and SolutionsAs the world continues to evolve, urbanization has become an inevitable trend, bringing with it both opportunities and challenges. In the context of rapid urbanization, Beijing, like many other cities, has experienced significant growth and transformation. However, this process has also unveiled a series of issues that demand our attention and action.First and foremost, the influx of people into urban areas has led to overcrowding, which in turn has exacerbated traffic congestion. The streets of Beijing are often clogged with vehicles, causing delays and contributing to air pollution. To address this, there is a need for better urban planning that includes the expansion of public transportation systems and the promotion of eco-friendly alternatives such ascycling and walking.Secondly, the strain on resources has become a pressing concern. Water scarcity, for instance, is a growing problem in Beijing, as the city's water supply struggles to keep pace with the demands of its expanding population. Sustainablemanagement of water resources is essential, which may involve recycling wastewater, promoting water-saving technologies,and educating the public about water conservation.Another issue that arises with urbanization is the loss of cultural heritage. The rapid construction of modern buildings often leads to the demolition of historical sites and the erosion of traditional lifestyles. To preserve the cultural identity of Beijing, efforts should be made to integrate historical preservation with urban development, ensuring that the city's rich past is not overshadowed by its future.Moreover, the social divide between urban and rural areas is widening. As people migrate to cities in search of better opportunities, rural areas are often left behind, leading to economic disparities. Policies aimed at rural revitalization and balanced regional development are necessary to bridgethis gap.Lastly, the mental well-being of urban dwellers is also at risk. The fast-paced city life can lead to stress and a sense of alienation. It is important to create green spaces and community programs that foster social interaction and provide a respite from the urban hustle.In conclusion, urbanization is a complex process that brings with it a multitude of challenges. However, with thoughtful planning and collective effort, these issues can be mitigated, allowing urban areas like Beijing to thrive while maintaining a balance with the environment and preserving cultural heritage.请注意，这篇作文是一个示例，实际的2011年北京高考英语作文题目和内容可能会有所不同。
2011年英语四级试题：6月CET4全真预测试卷
2011年英语四六级考试进⼊冲刺阶段，编辑整理了2011年6⽉英语四级考试全真预测试卷供⼤家考，预祝⼤家取得好成绩！2011年英语四级试题：6⽉CET4全真预测试卷 Part I Writing(30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 选择职业是⼀个⼈要⾯对的众多难题之⼀。
2. 需要花时间去选择职业。
3. 选择职业时可以向多⼈寻求建议和帮助。
Choosing an Occupation ----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ 【写作思路】 本⽂是⼀篇关于择业的议论⽂。
短⽂需要说明慎重择业相当重要，并提出多种指导择业的⽅法。
【参考范⽂】 Choosing an Occupation One of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do. There are some people, of course, who from the time are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters, but the majority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem. Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job. Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked[A],[B],[C]and [D]. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Will We Run Out of Water? Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages. Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it’s all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate (provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish. Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century. “Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one-third of the world’s projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages. Where Water Goes Only 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps. In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow). Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live. In fact, the world’s population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater—about the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment.” Close to Home Water woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.)Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel. Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting. The Source Where do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases. In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.) But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste. Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollute water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen rich fertilizer that help plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water. What’s the Solution? Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea. “More than 1 billion people worldwide don’t have access to basic clean drinking water,” says Gleick. “There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone—governments and ordinary people—to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.” 1.What caused the Aral Sea to shrink? [A]The rivers flowing into it have been diverted. [B]Farmers used its water to irrigate their farmland. [C]Government planners over pumped its water. [D]High temperature made its water badly evaporate. 2.The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects . [A]does more good than harm [B]solves more problems than what they created [C]does more harm than good [D]brings more water to people than expected 3.The chief causes of water shortage include . [A]population growth and water waste [B]water pollution and dry weather [C]water waste and pollution [D]population growth and water pollution 4.Americans could suffer from greatly serious water shortages? [A]living in rich areas [B]living in big cities but poor condition [C]depending on groundwater [D]bearing high standards of safe drinking water in mind 5.What is the main pollutant in developed countries? [A]Untreated toxic chemicals from manufacturers. [B]Raw sewage into rivers and streams. [C]Herbicides and pesticides used by farmers. [D]Household cleaners poured down the drain. 6.How does algae make threats to life of a body of water? [A]By covering the whole surface of the water. [B]By competitively using oxygen life in water needs. [C]By living more rapidly than other life in water . [D]By releasing hazardous chemicals into water. 7.According to Gleick, who should be responsible for solving water-related problems? [A]government and housewives. [B]farmers and 考试就上考试⼤ [C]ordinary people and manufacturers. [D]government and every person. 8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world’s people will suffer from water shortages. 9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in . 10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order toavoid . 【全⽂翻译】 我们会陷⼊⽔资源枯竭的困境吗? 想象⼀只“幽灵船”沉⼊了沙⼟中，任其留在⼲旱的沙⼟中腐烂掉。
2011年06月大学英语四级考试完整版答案及解析
2011年06月大学英语四级考试完整版答案及解析Part I Writing标准版Doing Shopping OnlineWith the development of the Internet, shopping is no longer a tiring thing. Just click your mouse to choose the articles you like, and the purchase is done. You don't even have to step out of the room. It seems all easy and quick. However, people's opinions vary on this trend. Some believe that on line shopping is time and money saving. With plentiful selection options, they can buy whatever they like at any time convenient. Still others insist thatmis-purchasing alone is annoying enough, not to mention the credibility of the sellers and the safety of their accounts.In my opinion, the convenience and excitement of on line shopping is beyond all doubts. In the meantime, we must always bear in mind that certain traps do exist, so we'd better make sure the sellers are trustworthy before buying. In addition, we should also guard ourselves from the potential hackers who might steal our account information.文章点评：这是一篇“中等偏上”的学生作文。
精品2011年下半年大学英语四级作文题目预测汇总
2011年下半年大学英语四级作文题目预测汇总
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【编辑寄语】为了让大家更好的了复习备考大学英语四级考试，老师特别为大家搜索整理了2011年下半年大学英语四级作文
题目预测汇总，供大家参考。
2011年下半年大学英语四级作文题目预测汇总
2011年下半年大学英语四级作文题目预测：农民工
2011年下半年大学英语四级作文题目预测：电影和电视对公
众的影响力
2011年下半年大学英语四级作文题目预测：教学。
2011年6月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷一(含答案详解听力)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic ofReuse of Textbooks in Schools. You should writeat least120words following the outline given below.1. 目前有些中小学开始循环使用课本，好处是…2. 也可能会产生一些问题3. 我对此的看法Reuse of Textbooks in SchoolsPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions onAnswer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7’ choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Tell-All Generation Learns to Keep Things OfflineMin Liu, a 21-year-old liberal arts student at the New School in New York City, got a Facebook account at 17 and recorded her college life in detail, from rooftop drinks with friends to dancing at a downtown club. Recently, though, she has had second thoughts.Concerned about her career prospects, she asked a friend to take down a photograph of her drinking and wearing a tight dress. When the woman overseeing herinternship(实习）askedto join her Facebook circle, Ms. Liu agreed, but limited access to her Facebook page. “I want people to take me seriously," she said.The conventional wisdom suggests that everyone under 30 is comfortable revealing every aspect of their lives online, from their favorite pizza to most frequent sexual partners. But many members of the tell-all generation are rethinking what it means to live out loud.While participation in social networks is still strong, a survey released last month by the University of California, Berkele y, found that more than half the young adults questioned had become more concerned about privacy than they were five years ago — mirroring the number of people their parent's age or older with that worry.They are morediligent(勤奋的）than older adults, however, in trying to protect themselves. In a new study to be released this month, the Pew Internet Project has found that people in their 20s exert more control over their digital reputations than older adults, more vigorously deleting unwanted posts and limiting information about themselves. “Social networking requires watchfldness, not only in what youpost, but what your friends post about you," said Mary Madden, a senior research specialist who oversaw the study by Pew, which examines online behavior. "Now you are responsible for everything."Theerosion(侵蚀）of privacy has become a pressing issue among active users of social networks. Last week, Facebook scrambled to fix a security breach that allowed users to see their friends' supposedly private information, including personal chats.Sam Jackson, a junior at Yale who started a blog when he was 15 and who has been an intern at Google, said he had learned not to trust any social network to keep his information private. "If I go back and look, there are things four years ago I would not say today," he said. "I am much moreself censoring (自检I'll try to be honest and forthright, but I am conscious now who I am talking to."He has learned to live out loud mostly by trial and error and has come up with his own theory: concentric layers of sharing. His Facebook account, which he has had since 2005, is strictly personal. "I don't want people to know what my movie rentals are," he said. “If I am sharing something, I want to know what's being shared with others."Mistrust of the intentions of social sites appears to exist everywhere. In its telephone survey of 1,000 people, the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology at the University of California found that 88 percent of the 18- to 24-year-olds it surveyed last July said there should be a law that requires Web sites to delete stored information. And 62 percent said they wanted a law that gave people the right to know everything a Web site knows about them.That mistrust is translating into action. In the Pew study, to be released shortly, researchers interviewed 2,253 adults late last summer and found that people aged 18 to 29 were more apt to monitor privacy settings than older adults are, and they more often delete comments or remove their names from photos so they cannot be identified. Younger teenagers wer e not included in these studies, and they may not have the same privacy concerns. But anecdotal evidence suggests that many of them have not had enough experience to understand the downside to oversharing.Elliot Schrage, who oversees Facebook's global communications and public policy strategy, said it was a good thing that young people are thinking about what they put online. “We are not forcing anyone to use it," he said of Facebook. But at the same time, companies like Facebook have a financialincentive (刺激）to get friends to share as much as possible. That's because the more personal the information that Facebook collects, the more valuable the site is to advertisers, who can mine it to serve up more targeted ads.Two weeks ago，Senator Charles E. Schumer, Democrat of New York,petitioned(请求）the Federal Trade Commission to review the privacy policies of social networks to make sure consumers are not being deliberately confused or misled. The action was sparked by a recent change to Facebook's settings that forced its more than 400 million users to choose to "opt out" of sharing private information with third- party Web sites instead of "opt in," a move which confounded many of them.Mr. Schrage of Facebook said, “We try diligently to get people to understand the changes." But in many cases, young adults are teaching one another about privacy.Ms. Liu is not just policing her own behavior, but her sister's, too. Ms. Liu sent a text message to her 17-year-old sibling warning her to take down a photo of a guy sitting on her sister's lap. Why? Her sister wants to audition for "Glee" and Ms. Liu didn't want the show's producers to see it. Besides, what if her sister became a celebrity? "It brings to mind an image where if you became famous anyone could pull up a picture and send it to TMZ," Ms. Liu said.Andrew Klemperer, a 20-year-old at Georgetown University, said it was a classmate who warned him about the implications of the recent Facebook change — through a status update on (where else?) Facebook. Now he is more diligent in monitOTing privacy settings and apt to warn others, too.Helen Nissenbaum, a professor of culture, media and communication at New York University and author of "Privacy in Context," a book about information sharing in the digital age, said teenagers were naturally protective of their privacy as theynavigate(行走）the path to adulthood, and the frequency with which companies change privacy rules has taught them to be watchful.That was the experience of Kanupriya Tewari, a 19-year-old pre-med student at Tufts University. Recently she sought to limit the information a friend could see on Facebook but found the process cumbersome. “I spent like an hour trying to figure out how to limit my profile, and I couldn't," she said. She gave up because she had chemistry homework to do, but vowed to figure it out after finals. “I don't think they would look out for me，’’she said. “I have to look out for me."1. Why did Min Liu ask a friend to delete a picture about her?[A] Her friend violated her privacy. [B] She's afraid that it may affect her job.[C] Her boss was angry at the picture. [D] She wanted to post it on her own blog.2. What's the generally accepted opinion about people under 30 in America?[A] They are more sexually open. [B] They think about what they post online.[C] They share everything of their lives online. [D] They are eager to win respect from others.3. A study of the Pew Internet Project shows that compared with older adults, young adults today[A] pay less attention to privacy [B] act more in protecting their privacy[C] care less about digital reputation [D] are more honest and straightforward4. What is said about Sam Jackson, an intern at Google, in the passage?[A] He made a number of mistakes four years ago.[B] He decided not to talk with strangers online.[C] He was not honest when he chatted online before.[D] He doubted social sites in protecting his privacy.5. What does the survey of the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology reveal?[A] Most young adults question why social sites store their information.[B] Mistrust of social sites has spread from young adults to older users.[C] Old users tend to delete comments more than younger users.[D] More social sites inform users before collecting their information.6. Different from people aged 18 to 29，younger teenagers_______ •[A] seldom suffer from private information leakage[B] are very active participating in social networks[C] learn earlier to protect their private information[D] haven't learned the negative part of living out loud7. According to the passage, the oversharing personal information collected by Facebook actually[A] is discouraged by Facebook's executives[B] enhances communication between friends[C] brings the company advertisement incomes[D] is achieved through financial rewards to users8. The Federal Trade Commission was asked to examine privacy policies to stop websites'9. Georgetown University student Andrew Klemperer now watches closely_________________________________ of Facebook.10. According to Helen Nissenbaum，if social sites change privacy policies quite often, teenagers will learn to be________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause，you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] Professor's lecture is borkig but crucial.[B] It's not necessary for the man to attend the lecture.[C] The man should have been more attentive in the lecture.[D] Professor's lecture has nothing to do with the final exam.12. [A] He'd better submit his resume at once. [B] Not all applicants will be interviewed. [C] She does need his help forthe moment. [D] There might not be any interview at all.13. [A] The man wants to be a business manager.[B] The woman is working in a kindergarten.[C] The woman is not happy with the man's decision.[D] The man will go in for business right after high school.14. [A] Lend her his hiking shoes. [B] Be more flexible. [C] Lend her his gym shoes. [D] Take moreexercise.15. [A] The woman paid only $120 on her books.[B] Joanna saves a lot of money on textbooks.[C] The man doesn't think textbooks are expensive.B] He should quit his job as soon as possible.D] He should be more positive toward his work.B] He believes the woman is not serious.D] He thinks dining at Hilton is not worthwhile.B] He has a charming personality.D] There were so many applicants.n you have just heard.B] She will travel in the downtown.D] She will do the teaching job.B] They can not pass the examination.D] They can not catch up with the lessons.B] She finishes her examinations first.D] She affords more time to the tutoring.[D] Many students find useful books in the bookstore.16. [A]He should try a different field of work. [C] He should find a more promising position,17. [A] He doesn't enjoy the dishes at Hilton. [C] He isn't familiar with the way to Hilton.18. [A] He has no experience at all. [C] He is so lucky that he got the job.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversatio19. [A] She will take some lessons. [C] She will attend the party.20. [A] They can not find a good math teacher. [C] They can not meet the requirements.21. [A] She asks for a leave from her professor. [C] She only gives the lessons on weekend.22. [A] She needs more efforts to help the students.[B] She has made some encouraging achievements.[C] She is lack of time for teaching.[D] She can do nothing to help the students.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] A college degree. [B] Good credit record.[C] Living in the college. [D] An age of at least 18 years.24. [A] Free. [B] 18 pounds per year. [C] 25 pounds per year. [D] 125 poundsper year.25. [A] You will get a fine. [B] You will be given a booklet.[C] You cannot borrow any item. [D] Your rights of borrowing will be canceledSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you mil hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After ？ou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], r B], [C] and[DJ. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2with a single line /trough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. [A] It keeps readers away from the PC.[B] It helps a lot with environment protection.[C] It costs less than buying traditional newspapers.[D] It will become the best means of advertisements. 11. [A] It offers 24-hour newspaper service.[B] It is only sold on Amazon's website in US.[C] It is a portable e-newspaper reading device.[D] It can be rented at $ 5.99 to $14.99 monthly.28. [A] The e-newspapers don't contain pictures.[B] It only offers headlines and tops of articles.[C] Its black-and-white screen isn't big enough.[D] The pages don't appeal to the readers much.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] Ambitious but sensible. [B] Ambitious and unrealistic.[C] Expecting the child to be a genius. [D] Setting a super high standard for the child.50. [A] He knows very little about music.[B] He is a member of a large orchestra.[C] He wants Michael to be a great trumpet player.[D] He never makes Michael enter music competition. 11. [A] Both of them are successful educators.[B] They are happy even when Winston does not win.[C] They want Winston to be a successful musician.[D] They fail to enter Winston in many piano competitions. 2. [A] He does not like to play piano.He has to attend many piano lessons.He has to enter every piano competition.He is afraid of disappointing his parents.Passage Threequestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have justheard. ?. [A] It will always be very profitable.[B] It's easier and cheaper than ever before.[C] The moneymakers will get you off the ground.[D] It requires very little knowledge in management.[A] A magazine, an idea and a laptop.[B] A friend, an idea and good knowledge of Internet.[C] Some knowledge about business, an idea and $10,000.[D] An idea, a little knowledge about Internet and $10,000.35. [A] It develops modestly but steadily.[B] There is a lot of free stuff on Tayman's website.[C] It began to show signs of failure within months.[D] Its capacity is approximately 10,000 visits each week.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the secona time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Internet data shows that younger adults have become the primary audienceobsessed(着迷)with altering their personal appearance. The recent (36)_____________ death of Stephanie Kuleba, an18-year-old high school cheerleader who died as a (37)______________ of a plastic surgery, broughlour attention to the (38)___________ of a more "ideal" body amongst teenagers. In fact, search data(39)__________ this phenomenon. One of the most (40)_____________ sites visited from the searchterm "plastic surgery" is the official site of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Over 25% oi visitors to the site fell within the 18- to 24-year-old~~that's up from 19.6% two years ago.Plastic (41)___________ has become an American obsession. Checking other markets, such asthe United Kingdom and Australia, the 18- to 24-year-old fascination with plastic surgery is a (42〕_________ U.S. phenomenon.Looking at other health-related sites visited by 18- to 24-year-olds (43)_______________ just howobsessed this age group is with appearance. Unlike the older groups who visit sites related tcdiseases and keeping healthy, (44)_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ’ such as those focused on bodybuilding, weight loss ancskincare. And definitely plastic surgery.While surgery-themed television may be driving the interest of a younger audience, (45)_________the failing US economy. If we track the trend in searches on topics such as "plastic surgery", (46______ . In fact, if we look at the search patterns around popular surgeries, over the last year the tern"cost" appear most commonly.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes Section ADirections:In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wor for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passag through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a lette Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throug the centre. You may not use any of thewords inthe bank more thanonce. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Managers need to find ways to give their employees a lift to improve theirmorale(士气).Thai where team-building exercises and other spiritual encouragement can come into 47 . The theory that a trust-building game，a wilderness adventure, a cooking class or even full-contact chocola bingo(宾果游戏）一yes, it exists ——will help 48 teamwork, bring cheer and thus encourageeveryone to work harder and better together.Yes，promoting teamwork is 49 . Getting everyone together for a shared activity can improve team spirit. But，too often, formal team-building programs 50 only minor, short-lived improvements in encouragement or performance.Still, employers do need to support teamwork, 51 in bad climate. The 52 news is that what works is often fairly simple and inexpensive. The key to improving morale，several experts said, is understanding what 53 to your workers.Curbing executiveperks(津贝占）and salaries can also go a long way toward building morale，according to Professor Kets de Vries. It is 54 unlikely that workers of car factories got much of a lift watching their industry's top executives take private jets to Washington in November to ask for financial aid. “If you get paid 500 times what the 55 worker is paid, that is ridiculous，，，Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [DJ. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Loneliness has been linked to depression and other health problems. Now, a study says it can also spread. A friend of a lonely person was fifty-two percent more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. And a friend of that friend was twenty-five percent more likely to do the same.Earlier findings showed that happiness, obesity and the ability to stop smoking can also spread like infections within social groups. The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham, Massachusetts.The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease. Since then，more tests have )een added, including measures of loneliness and depression.The new findings involved more than 5,000 people in the second generation of the Framingham ieart Study. The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness. The results established a pattern that spread as people reported few er close friends.For example, loneliness can affect relationships between next-door neighbors. The loneliness preads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together. The study also found liat loneliness spreads more easily among women than men. Researchers from the University of Chicago，Harvard and the University of California, San )iego, did the study. The findings appeared last month in theJournal of Personality and Social Psychology.The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. The study )und that having a lonely friend can add about 17 days. But every additional friend can decrease meliness by about five percent, or two and a half days. Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends一and more likely that society will reject them.John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study. He says it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.The aim should be to aggressively create what he calls a “protective barrier" against loneliness. This barrier, he says, can keep the whole network from coming apart.57. According to the passage，what can also spread among people besides loneliness? [A] Friendship.[B] Happiness.[C] Depression. [D] Smoking.58. What does the author say about the Framingham Heart Study starting from 1948?[A] It expanded its research topics.[B] It involved 5,000 patients of depression.[C] It identified loneliness as one key factor for heart disease.[D] It examined the relationship between loneliness and depression.59. According to the passage, the spread of loneliness_______ .[A] leads to a gradual loss of friends [B] is a common phenomenon among women[C] is often found in the neighborhood [D] ruins the relationships between close friends60. John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago suggests that loneliness can________ .[A] result in aggressiveness [B] cause people to be overprotective[C] affect social networks [D] push people to the verge of poverty61. What is the main idea of the passage?[A] Loneliness can spread. [B] Loneliness is linked to depression.[C] Lonely people tend to grow fat. [D] Lonely people need more friends.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.California has a new program called the Digital Textbook Initiative. "Starting this fall with higl school math and science，we will be the first state in the nation —the first state in the nation —to provide schools with a state-approved list of digital textbooks." That was Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger ir June, talking about his effort to get schools to use materials available free online. He listed reasons why h( thinks digital textbooks make sense.California approves traditional textbooks in six-year cycles. Digital ones can offer the lates information. They lighten the load of school bags. They save paper and trees, and make learning more ftu and interactive. And above all, he said, they help schools with their finances.The state has had to make severe cuts in school spending because of deep financial problems. Mor than six million students attend California public schools.Earlier this year, California invited content developers to offer digital math and science material for high schools. These had to meet at least ninety percent of the state's learning requirements. Speciall trained teachers examined 16 textbooks and approved ten of them.Six of the ten were published by the CK12 Foundation. Co-founder Neeru Khosla says the nonproi group had been developing digital science and math books for about two years. The foundation pa: teachers and other education professionals to write and edit them. The money came from a group finance by the Khosla family. The AMAR Foundation also supports projects in India.California cannot require schools to use the digital textbooks. Individual school districts will have decide for themselves. Susan Martimo，a California Department of Education official，says she does not expect widesprei use right away. Her best guess is that some schools with a lot of technology will be the first to use thei but only in addition to their traditional books. School administrators point out that the texts may be free online, but students need a way to access them. Not everyone has a computer or electronic reader. Schools could print out copies, but that would not help the environment. Also, there is the cost to train teachers to use digital textbooks effectively.62. We learn from the passage that the Digital Textbook Initiative_______ .[A] will probably take effect in six years [B] covers all the high school subjects [C] has been approved by all states[D] is advocated by California state governor63. The main reason for promoting digital textbooks is to_______ .[A] help schools save money [B] benefit the environment[C] provide interesting materials [D] reduce students' heavy burden64. What does the author say about CK12 Foundation?[A] It approved and produced 16 digital textbooks.[B] It paid teachers to write digital textbooks.[C] It is financed by California state government.[D] It makes money through developing digital textbooks.65. According to Susan Martimo, digital textbooks_______ .[A] are not likely to have a widespread use[B] will soon replace traditional ones[C] will first be adopted by well-equipped schools[D] are certain to be approved by school districts66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Schools are reluctant to print out copies.[B] The use of digital textbooks is not really free.[C] Students need to pay for computers.[D] Training teachers to use the textbooks is not efficient.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [DJ on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to 67 others to buy the f ood they have produ ced or the goods they have made or the services they can 68 • But in the 19th century the mass production of goods 69 from the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling 70 . The mass distribution of goods that 71 the development of the railway and highway made person-to- person selling too slow and 72 . At the same time, mass communication — first newspapers and magazines then radio and television 一made mass selling through 73 possible. The objective of any advertisement is to J74people that it is in their best 75 to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action _76 be to purchase a product or to use a service, vote for a political candidate or 77 to join the Army.Advertising as a 78 developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest 79 . In 1980 advertising expenditures in the US exceeded 55 billion dollars or 80 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product 81 advertising.82 advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer as 83 . Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold 84 through advertising is usually far 85 than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally advertising 86 for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of。
2011年6月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案-推荐下载
2011年6月18日大学英语四级考试真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with theinformation given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong’s smartest British restaurants, Alfie’s by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say.“The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England,” the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realize that cooking — and eating — didn’t have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal’s molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish.“It’s no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food,” Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation’s cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much of Britain’s food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配给).“As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food,” Tomes says. “And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens.”They weren’t looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritization of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn’t compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital’s culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie’s in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. “With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up,” says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. “Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes.”Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes (菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. “We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird’s Custard Powder,” Tamlyn says. “Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard isdifferent, and we stay true to that.”Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. “There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can’t alter these too much. We’re a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged.”These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie’s, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen’s club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原产地). “Britain has started to become really proud of the food it’s producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats.”However, the British don’t have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients.“We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK,” Tamlyn explains. “But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples.”The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of “British cuisine”, while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets.“We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn’t perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish.”Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and “mixing it up” is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and offer individual plates for each diner. “That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like,” Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉馆), Tamlyn says, “Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them.”Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says, “I’d never change a full English breakfast.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。
城市化英语作文六级
Urbanization: Its Impacts and Challenges inChinaUrbanization, a complex process of transformation from rural to Urban life, has been a significant trend inChina's development in recent decades. Driven by various factors such as economic growth, industrialization, and policies favoring Urban development, the Urban populationin China has been increasing rapidly, leading tosignificant changes in the country's social, economic, and environmental landscapes.**Economic Growth and Urbanization**Urbanization has been a key driver of China's economic growth. As people migrate from rural areas to cities, they bring their labor force and consumer demand, fueling economic activity. This has led to the emergence of new industries and businesses, creating job opportunities and driving economic growth. Additionally, Urbanization hasalso led to the development of infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and public transportation, further facilitating economic activity.**Social Changes and Urbanization**Urbanization has also brought significant social changes. As people migrate to cities, they adopt new lifestyles, values, and cultural practices. This has led to the emergence of a more modern, Urban society with newsocial norms and behaviors. However, this process has also created social tensions and challenges, such as the urban-rural divide, influx of migrant workers, and issues related to integration.**Environmental Challenges and Urbanization**While Urbanization has brought significant economic and social benefits, it has also created environmental challenges. Urban sprawl has led to the loss ofagricultural land and natural habitats, affectingbiodiversity and environmental sustainability. Additionally, Urbanization has also led to increased pollution and congestion, affecting air and water quality and reducingthe quality of life for Urban residents.**Strategies for Sustainable Urbanization**To address these challenges, China has been adopting strategies for sustainable Urbanization. These include promoting compact cities, improving Urban planning and infrastructure, encouraging green development, and enhancing environmental protection measures. Additionally, policies have also been implemented to improve the integration of migrant workers into Urban society and promote rural development to mitigate the urban-rural divide.**Conclusion**Urbanization has been a key driver of China's economic growth and social transformation. However, it has also created environmental challenges and social tensions that need to be addressed. By adopting strategies for sustainable Urbanization, China can ensure that its Urban development is both economically beneficial and environmentally sustainable, leading to a better quality of life for its citizens.**城市化：中国的影响与挑战**城市化，即从农村生活向城市生活的复杂转变过程，是近年来中国发展的显著趋势。
四级英语作文预测
1.环境保护与可持续发展描述当前环境问题，如空气污染、水污染等。
提出可持续发展的重要性，包括节能减排、绿色出行等。
讨论个人和社会层面可以采取的措施。
2.网络教育的利弊阐述网络教育的优势，如灵活性、资源丰富等。
讨论网络教育可能带来的问题，例如缺乏面对面交流、自律问题等。
提出如何平衡网络教育与传统教育。
3.全球化对文化的影响分析全球化如何促进文化交流和融合。
讨论全球化可能导致的本土文化丧失问题。
提出保护和传承本土文化的方法。
4.科技在日常生活中的应用描述科技产品如何改变我们的生活方式，例如智能手机、智能家居等。
探讨科技带来的便利与潜在风险，如隐私问题、依赖性等。
讨论如何合理利用科技，避免其负面影响。
5.社交媒体对人际关系的影响讨论社交媒体如何促进人们交流和建立联系。
分析社交媒体可能导致的人际关系问题，如表面化交流、网络暴力等。
提出如何健康使用社交媒体，维护真实社交关系。
6.健康生活方式的重要性描述健康生活方式的要素，包括合理饮食、规律运动等。
讨论不健康生活方式可能带来的问题，如肥胖、心血管疾病等。
提出如何培养健康生活习惯，提高生活质量。
7.大学生就业压力与应对策略分析当前大学生面临的就业压力和挑战。
讨论大学生可以采取的应对策略，如提升技能、拓宽就业渠道等。
强调终身学习和自我提升的重要性。
8.城市化进程中的城乡差距问题描述城市化带来的城乡发展不平衡现象。
分析城乡差距可能引发的社会问题，如人口流动、资源分配不均等。
提出缩小城乡差距的政策建议和个人行动。
9.人工智能的发展前景与伦理问题探讨人工智能技术的发展现状和未来趋势。
讨论人工智能可能带来的伦理问题，如就业替代、隐私侵犯等。
强调在发展人工智能时需要考虑的伦理和社会责任。
10.志愿服务在社会发展中的作用描述志愿服务在帮助弱势群体、促进社区和谐等方面的作用。
分析志愿服务对个人成长和社会进步的积极影响。
讨论如何鼓励更多人参与志愿服务活动。