2019学年徐汇区高三一模语文试卷(含答案)

徐汇区2019学年第一学期期末教学质量检测高三语文试卷2019.12考生注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题与答题要求,所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。

2.答卷前,务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写校名、姓名、准考证号。

3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。

4.考试时间150分钟。

试卷满分150分。

一、积累应用10分1.按要求填空。

(5分)(1)二十四桥仍在,波心荡、。

(姜夔《扬州慢》)(2)彼童子之师,授之书而习其句读者,。

(韩愈《师说》)(3)《登金陵凤凰台》中,诗人(填人名)将目光投向现实,用“,”暗示皇帝被奸佞包围,抒发忧国伤时的怀抱。

2.按要求选择。

(5分)(1)以下最不可能被老师用以激励学生的诗句是()。

(2分)A.江山代有才人出,各领风骚数百年。

B.不畏浮云遮望眼,只缘身在最高层。

C.落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花。

D.沉舟侧畔千帆过,病树前头万木春。

(2)小区要张贴垃圾分类的宣传标语,你认为以下哪一条最合适?()。

(3分)A.垃圾分类开头难,养成习惯就自然。

B.更多分类促发展,人与环境永和谐。

C.文明上海绿动天下,全程分类美丽万家。

D.实施垃圾管理条例,普遍推行垃圾分类。

二、阅读70分(一)阅读下文,完成3—7题。

(16分)①在科学的幼年时期,科学的各个复杂的侧面还没有充分展开,人们只能笼统地看到科学与伪科学的基本区别,进而寻求划分它们的简单的经验标准或理性标准。

彼时,科学与伪科学之间黑白分明,不容混淆。

②19世纪末,随着牛顿的经典力学基础的崩塌,科学与伪科学之间绝对分明的界限开始松动起来,它们之间除了“非此即彼”,还要适当承认“亦此亦彼”。

凡不是纯粹的思辨而包含一定经验内容的,因而可以为经验“证实”或“证伪”[1]的,就是科学的;凡是不经受检验的,即不可“证实”或“证伪”的,就是非科学或者伪科学。

这就是说,科学与伪科学的界限并不在于理论是否与经验相符合,而在于其中是否包含可用以解释某些已知现象并预测某些未知现象的经验内容。

即使后来有的现象它解释不了,或者预测错了,例如亚里士多德力学、托勒密地心说等等,但是这并不影响它们仍然包含一定的经验内容,仍然可解释或预测某些经验事实,因而仍然是科学。

而且,正由于科学理论只能包含有限的经验内容,又总是注定了要为新的经验所否定,因而也可以说它们又总是具有“潜在反证”或者潜在谬误。

从这点看,这不仅不是科学理论的缺点,而且恰恰表明它的科学性之所在。

总之,“金无足赤,人无完人”,科学也同样不是绝对完善的终极真理,同样难免真伪混杂,是非难辨。

它已永远失去了那绝对真理的神圣光圈。

③那么,在这条界河另一面不受经验检验的东西,是否统统都是伪科学呢?④“证实主义者”认为凡是不可证实的就是没有意义的。

例如说“水是世界的本原”[2]就没有意义,因为这里的“水”并不是实际存在的H2O,也无法用已知的物理化学手段加以测定。

这类命题既然无法证明其真伪,因而也是超出于科学范围之外的,是“形而上”的。

至于它们是不是我们上面所说的那种意义的“伪科学”,“证实主义者”没有作正面的回答。

在他们那里,科学仍然拥有自己严密的围墙..。

⑤另外一部分“证伪主义者”则采取了不同的态度。

他们虽然也给科学筑了一道围墙——凡不可证伪的就不属于科学的范围,但对于围墙以外的东西却不再一概斥之为“没有意义”。

他们在这里又划分了两个不同的部分。

一部分是有意义的,如逻辑、数学等等,它们尽管不是经验科学,因而也不可证伪,但或者是经验科学不可缺少的工具,或者作为认识的一种形式而推动了经验科学的发展。

例如“水是世界的本原”,就有力地推动过物理科学对物质结构的研究。

另一部分是没有意义的,如占星术,总是含糊其词以逃避经验的检验,而且对于人类的认识也没有积极作用。

只有这一部分才是真正意义上的伪科学。

在这里,伪科学缩小到一个很有限的范围,使科学与伪科学之间横亘着一个尽管不属于经验科学,但仍具有认识意义的广阔的中间地带。

⑥以上这些看法,都建立在一种对科学的共同基本认识之上,即科学是知识体系。

随着人的经验的积累,这个体系不断地得到调整,不断地用相对正确的东西代替相对错误的东西,从而使人对自然的认识日益接近于真理。

⑦但是科学的实际历史并不完全是这样。

日心说早在古希腊时代就出现了,甚至还早于地心说出现,但它战胜不了相对错误的地心说,反而被埋没了两千年之久。

可见,历史并不是一条真理战胜谬误的一往无前的康庄大道。

反之,一种发展中的理论,尽管有反证却并不一定立即遭到“证伪”。

牛顿力学极盛时期就有许多反证:在天体力学中水星运动不遵守牛顿定律;在光学中粒子说从一开始就解释不了光的绕射现象。

但是它仍然巍然屹立,并不为这些反证所动摇。

可见,无论地心说或牛顿力学,在一定时期内还有其不可检验、不可证伪的一面,说明科学也容许某种不可检验性,或不可证伪性。

⑧这是因为,科学不仅是一种知识体系,还是一种社会活动,是人的自觉的、有目的的、定向的集体活动。

作为知识体系,它服从于经验的逻辑检验,即是否符合真理;但是作为社会活动,就要看这种活动能否达到预定的目的,能否解决预定的问题,满足预定的需要,在这里,科学还要服从于功利的需要。

若离开人的实践活动、抛开科学的有效性去谈正确性,是不对的。

⑨于是,科学主要已不再是一堆现成的知识,而是一种探索的工具。

作为工具,不光有理论还有与理论有关的观点、方法、仪器等等。

它们既是指导这种探索活动的武器,又是保证这种活动取得成果的基础。

正因为有了这套工具,科学才成为一种自觉的、有目的的定向的活动,也就是说,科学才成其为科学。

(纪树立《科学与伪科学:界限何在?》,有删改)注:[1]证伪:与“证实”相对。

证实是用归纳证明理论的正确性;证伪是建立在演绎的基础上,指理论在逻辑上可能存在反例,可证明其不确实性。

[2]水是世界的本原:古希腊哲学家泰勒斯认为万物生于水又复归于水,他以此来解释世界的本质。

3.第④段加点词“围墙”在文中的含义是。

(2分)4.下列语句中,可以用来支撑第⑧段观点的一项是()。

(3分)A.爱因斯坦说:人只有献身社会,才能找出短暂而有风险的生命的意义。

B.爱因斯坦说:对真理和知识的探索是人类最崇高的品质之一。

C.马克思说:哲学家们只是用不同的方式解释世界,而问题在于改变世界。

D.马克思说:人应该在实践中证明自己思维的真理性。

5.根据文意,以下推断不正确的一项是()。

(3分)A.人们曾经认为,凡符合经验的归纳或理性的推论的就是科学,否则就是伪科学。

B.人们曾经认为,科学总是在不断消除错误中前进的,因而总是相对正确的东西。

C.人们已经认识到,历史上曾经行之有效、而现在却已失效的科学形态都属于伪科学。

D.人们对科学的认识已从根本上脱离了纯粹的认识领域,扩展到了实际研究活动领域。

6.④⑤两段都用到了“水是世界的本原”的例子,对此评析不合理的两项是()()。

(4分)A.用对同一个理论的不同认识,清晰地表明了证实主义与证伪主义的差异。

B.用一个例子来解释证实主义和证伪主义,内容单一,有损表达的充分性。

C.这个命题是以思辨的方式来解释世界,超越了经验科学,属于这两段所讨论的范畴。

D.这是个形而上学的命题,其中的“水”是抽象的概念,难以实证,所以用在第④段中很恰当。

E.第⑤段在列举逻辑、数学等非经验科学并指明其价值后,用哲学的例子加以阐释,表述严密。

7.分析第⑦段在文中的作用。

(4分)(二)阅读下文,完成第8—11题。

(15分)父亲的树陈忠实①三年困难时期[注],我正上高中。

一日父亲出工回来,肩上扛着镢头,手里攥着一株小树苗。

我搭眼就认出是一株椿树苗子。

坡地里这种野生的椿树苗子到处都有,如若生长在坡地梯田里,肯定会被连根挖除晒干当作好柴火,怕其占地影响麦子生长。

这根椿树苗子是个幸运者,它遇到父亲,是要郑重地栽植,正经当作一棵望其成材的树了。

父亲吩咐我去担水。

泉水在村子最东头,我家在村子顶西边,来回最快也需半小时。

待我挑水回来,父亲早已挖好一个在我看来过大的土坑,坐在场塄边儿上抽旱烟。

他把树苗置入坑里,我用铁锨铲土填进坑,他把虚土踩踏一遍,让我再填,他再踩踏。

他教我在土坑外沿围一圈高出地面的土梁,再倒进水去。

我遵嘱一一做好,看着土坑里的水一层一层低下去,渗入新填的新鲜土坑里,成活肯定是毫无疑义。

父亲又指示我,用酸枣刺棵子顺着那个小坑围成一圈栽起来,再用铁丝围拢固定,恰如篱笆,保护小椿树秧子。

父亲坐在地上抽烟,看着我做。

我却想到,现在属于父亲领地的,除了住房的庄基,就门前的这一小片场地了,充其量有二厘地。

下了这个场塄,就是统归集体的土地了。

父亲要在他可以自主掌控的二厘场地上,栽种一棵椿树。

②父亲是个农民,种田是本职主业,而业余爱好就是栽树。

我家在河川的几块水地,地头的水渠沿上都长着一排小叶杨树。

水渠里大半年都流淌着从灞河里引来的自流水,杨树得了沃土好水的滋养,迎着风如手提般长粗长高。

父亲指靠着这些杨树,供给我们哥俩的学杂费用。

父亲把杨树齐根斫下来,卖了椽子,大约七八毛钱一根,再把树根刨出来,剁成小块,晒干,挑到河对岸的油坊镇上去卖,每百斤可卖一块至一块两毛钱。

父亲在斫了树干刨了树根的渠沿上,当即再移栽新的杨树秧,期待三年后斫下一根椽子卖钱。

父亲卖椽卖柴供两个儿子念书的举动竟无意间传开,直到现在,我偶尔遇到一些同里乡党,见面还要感叹“你爸总算没有白卖树卖柴”的话。

农村实行合作化以后,土地归集体,父亲也无树根可刨了,我只好休了一年学。

③我在每个周日从学校回到家中,便要给父亲的那棵椿树秧子浇一桶水。

这树秧长得很好,新发出的嫩枝竟然比原来的杆子还粗,肯定是水肥充足的缘由。

一次,椿树苗新冒出的嫩枝叫一个娃用弹弓折断了头,后来就在断折处,从东西两边发出两枝新芽,渐渐长起来。

我曾建议父亲,小树不该过早分杈,应该去掉一枝,留下一枝才能长高长直。

父亲说,先不急,都让长着。

这椿树秧子刚冒出来便遭拦头折断的打击,似乎憋了气,硬是非要长出一番模样来,从侧旁发出的两根新芽更见茁壮,眼见着拔高,竞相比赛一般生机勃勃。

父亲怕那细杆负载不起茂盛的叶子,便给树干捆绑一根立杆,帮扶着它不倒不折。

这椿树便站立住了。

无意间几年过去,我高考名落孙山回乡当了民办教师,生活多有波折,似乎也不太在意它了,这椿树已长得小碗粗,在天空展开枝杈和伞状的树冠,却仍然是两根分枝。

父亲竟没有除掉任何一根,就任其自由生长。

这椿树得了父亲的宽容和心软,双枝分杈的形态就保持下来,直到现在都合抱不拢的大树,依然是对称平衡的双枝撑立在天空。

④到八十年代初始,吃饱穿暖不再成为一个问题的好光景到来时,我筹备拆掉老朽不堪的旧房换盖新房了,不料父亲生了绝症。

他似乎在交待后事,对我说,场塄上那棵椿树,可以伐倒做门窗料。

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2020 徐汇初三语文一模(含答案)

2020  徐汇初三语文一模(含答案)

2019学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷初三语文试卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)考生注意:1.本试卷共27题。

2.请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上,做在试卷上一律不计分。

一、文言文(40分)(一)默写(16分)1.种豆南山下,________________。

(陶渊明《归园田居》)2.______________________,尚思为国成轮台。

(陆游《十一月四日风雨大作》)3.长风破浪会有时,________________________。

(李白《行路难》)4._____________________,小桥流水人家。

(马致远《天净沙·秋思》)5.我们的学习须与思考紧密结合,两者不可偏废,正如孔子所说:_______________________,_________________________。

”(《孔孟论学》)(二)阅读下面诗文,完成第6 -10题(12分)水调歌头苏轼丙辰中秋,欢饮达旦,大醉,作此篇,兼怀子由。

明月几时有?把酒问青天。

不知天上宫阙,今夕是何年。

我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒。

起舞弄清影,何似在人间。

转朱阁,低绮户,照无眠。

不应有恨,何事长向别时圆?人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。

但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。

6.词中“婵娟”是指________。

(2分)7.对这首词的理解错误的一项是( ) (2分)A.小序交待了写词时间和缘由。

B .全词围绕一个“月”字展开。

C.表达了渴望留在天宫的心愿。

D .词中的情感由惆怅转向豁达。

鱼我所欲也(节选)一箪食,一豆羹,得之则生,弗得则死。

呼尔而与之,行道之人弗受;蹴尔而与之,乞人不屑也。

万钟则不辩礼又而受之,万钟于我何加焉!为宫室之美、妻妾之奉、所识穷乏者得我与?乡为身死而不受,今为宫室之美为之;乡为身死而不受,今为妻妾之奉为之;乡为身死而不受,今为所识穷乏者得我两为之:是亦不可以已乎?此之谓失其本心。

2021年徐汇高三语文一模试卷含答案

2021年徐汇高三语文一模试卷含答案

2020学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三年级语文学科2020.12一、积累应用(10分)1.按要求填空。

(5分)(1)体说鲈鱼堪脍,_____,_______?(辛弃疾《水龙吟·登建康赏心亭》)(2)_____________,玉垒浮云变古今,(杜甫《登楼》)(3)孔子曰:“三人行,必有我师焉。

择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。

”韩愈在《师说》中也明确提出了择师的标准:“_______,___________。

”2.按要求选择。

(5分)(l)疫情的压力之下,校长引用诗句以鼓励毕业生,以下最合适的一项是()。

(2分)A.山重水复疑无路,柳暗花明又一村。

B.洛阳亲友如相问,一片冰心在玉壶。

C.千淘万滩虽辛苦,吹尽狂沙始到金。

D.莫愁前路无知己,天下谁人不识君。

(2)进博会网站的主页上有“展馆介绍”栏目,请对以下信息进行梳理,选择最合适的语序,形成清晰的展馆简介。

()(3分)①国家会展中心总建筑面积近150万平方米。

②国家会展中心可展览面积50万平方米,包括40万平方米的室内展厅和10万平方米的室外展场。

③国家会展中心室内展厅由13个3万平方米的大展厅和3个面积为1万平方米的小展厅组成。

④国家会展中心各展厅周边有60多个大小不等的会议厅,配套的会议设施充足。

⑤国家会展中心由展览场馆、商业中心、办公楼、酒店四部分构成,通过8米标高的会展大道联成一体。

⑥国家会展中心位于虹桥商务区核心区,通过地铁与高铁站、机场紧密相连,周边高速公路网络四通八达,交通便利。

A.①②③⑤④⑥B.①⑤②③④⑥C.⑤①⑥②④③D.⑥①②③④④二、阅读(70分)(一)阅读下面语段,完成第3—6题。

(12分)【甲】反对党八股(节选)毛泽东党八股的第二条罪状是:装腔作势,借以吓人。

有些党八股,不只是空话连篇,而且装样子故意吓人,这里面包含着很坏的毒素。

空话连篇,言之无物,还可以说是幼稚;装腔作势,借以吓人,则不但是幼稚,简直是无赖了。

上海市2019年中考语文一模汇编:记叙文阅读(含答案)

上海市2019年中考语文一模汇编:记叙文阅读(含答案)

记叙文阅读长宁区(二)阅读下文,完成第20-24题(20分)父亲的日记本①父亲的日记本,锁在抽屉里,更像是一本隐秘的家族史,我每次偷偷打开抽屉翻阅,重温父辈艰辛劳作艰难求生的历史,总是唏嘘不已。

②高中时,父亲成绩优良,尤爱文字,吹拉弹唱,样样都行。

但爷爷的没落地主成分,使他逃不掉回乡务农的命运。

那时的父亲也许心有不甘,所以他的日记本里,一边很务实地记录着如何栽培倭瓜的技术,一边激情昂扬地写着标语口号似的《论人生理想》。

对此,奶奶很是忧虑,一把大火,烧掉了父亲的书籍和藏品,只留下他钟爱的口琴,这就将父亲向往着外面世界的心,给彻底地烧为huī jìn。

③于是,父亲只能在乡村寻找自己的出路。

他在日记本里不只是记录庄稼的种植,还有编织柳条筐的技术,治病救人的药方。

这样三个不同的谋生技能,贯穿了父亲的一生。

在我们兄妹三个相继出生以后,他需要做一些别的小生意,才能供我们读书。

同时,他依然尽职尽责地做着一个农民,在应该上交公粮的时候,带上我去交公粮。

我整个的年少时光,似乎都植满了坐在板车上由父亲拉着去粮库的记忆。

那时的父亲,相比起结婚前,已经慢慢沉淀下来,开始接纳自己成为农民的事实。

④父亲的日记本里,还记录着一些讨债者,和他被人欠下的柳筐的费用。

我能够记得起一个与父亲一样痩弱的男人,每逢过年,便携了铺盖卷来到我家,不声不响地等父亲给钱。

他从来不跟父母吵闹,自顾自地在我们做好了饭时,拿来凳子和碗筷闷头吃饭,而在夜晚来临时,又在厢房里打好地铺,倒头睡觉。

而我的父亲,也与他一样,在年关到来时,卷了铺盖去别家讨债,常常这个讨债的男人熬不住走了,父亲还奔波在一家家讨债的路上。

讨来的钱,除了归还欠款,父亲也一笔一笔地存钱,无论多寡都是银行定期,一年两年三年五年,那是一个农民对安全感的存储,他用这样的方式,与生活讲和。

⑤几年后,父亲进城帮人疏通下水道挣钱。

全家住在一个每月40元租金的破旧小院里。

记得刚刚搬进去时,母亲看着裂了一条大缝的墙壁,伤心地哭了。

上海2019年静安高三语文一模试卷及答案

上海2019年静安高三语文一模试卷及答案

静安区2019学年第一学期教学质量检测高三语文试卷2018.01考生注意:1.本场考试时间150分钟,满分150分。

2.所有作答务必填涂或书写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的区域,不得错位。

在试卷上作答一律不得分。

3.用2B铅笔作答选择题,用黑色字迹钢笔、水笔或圆珠笔作答非选择题。

一积累应用10分1.按要求填空。

(5分)(1)忽魂悸以魄动,恍惊起而长嗟。

,失向来之烟霞。

(李白《》)(2),望故乡渺邈,归思难收。

(柳永《八声甘州》)(3)西汉时的冯唐出仕时已年过古稀,后世遂常用冯唐来形容“有志难伸”,如:左思《咏史》“冯公岂不伟,白首不见招”;王勃《滕王阁序》“冯唐易老,李广难封”;苏轼《江城子·密州出猎》“ , ”等。

2.按要求选择。

(5分)(1)在国外访学的赵教授想用古诗表达对妻子的思念,以下诗句最合适的一项是( )。

(2分)A.遥怜小儿女,未解忆长安。

(杜甫《月夜》)B.何当共剪西窗烛,却话巴山夜雨时。

(李商隐《夜雨寄北》)C.春风无限潇湘意,欲采蘋花不自由。

(柳宗元《酬曹侍御过象县见寄》)D.夜来幽梦忽还乡,小轩窗,正梳妆。

相顾无言,惟有泪千行。

(苏轼《江城子·记梦》)(2)填入下面语段空白处的词句,最恰当的一项是( )。

(3分)从“文明社会”的“文化”观念来看,我们可以把《边城》中的翠翠看成是无知无识、心智未开的“自然人”:她见了有“机心”的外人,不是常常要逃入深山吗?。

A.可是,如果知识和心智发展出的只是“机心”,那就是“文化”走向狭隘的标志了。

B.因此,知识和心智如果发展出的只是“机心”,“文化”就可能走向了狭隘的境地。

C.因此,如果知识和心智发展出的只有“机心”,那就是“文化”走向狭隘的标志了。

D.可是,知识和心智如果发展出的只有“机心”,那就说明“文化”走向了狭隘境地。

二阅读70分(一)阅读下文,完成第3—7题。

(16分)文化的融合将日益重要①城市发展一方面需要移民,但是移民的确会带来很多相应的问题。

2023 学年第一学期徐汇区高三一模及解析

2023 学年第一学期徐汇区高三一模及解析

2023 学年第一学期徐汇区高三一模及解析考试概况- 考试名称:2023 学年第一学期徐汇区高三一模- 考试时间:[日期]- 考试科目:[科目列表]- 考试地点:[地点]考试内容该次一模考试内容涵盖了高三学期内所学的各个科目,包括但不限于语文、数学、英语、物理、化学、生物等。

试卷难度适中,考察了学生们在知识掌握和解决问题能力上的综合水平。

成绩分析根据初步统计,本次考试的平均分为[平均分],最高分为[最高分],最低分为[最低分]。

总体而言,学生们的成绩相对较稳定,但仍存在部分学生成绩较差。

针对此现象,学校将采取相应措施,提供个性化辅导,并加强与家长的沟通。

题目解析1. 语文:本次语文试卷主要考察了理解与应用文本的能力,涉及了文言文、现代文等多个方面。

部分题目要求学生结合材料给出自己的观点,考验了学生的写作能力。

2. 数学:数学试卷主要考察了基本的数学概念和解题方法,包括代数、几何、概率等内容。

试卷整体难度适中,但也存在一些较难的题目,考察了学生在数学推理和运用中的能力。

3. 英语:英语试卷主要考察了学生的阅读理解和听力理解能力,涉及了多种题型,如填空、选择、完形填空等。

试卷难度适中,但也有一些较为复杂的长篇阅读题目,对学生的阅读能力和语言理解能力提出了一定的要求。

4. 物理、化学、生物:这些科目的试卷主要考察了学生对基本概念和实验原理的理解,以及对题目的分析和解决问题的能力。

试卷的难度适中,涉及了一些常见的实验题和应用题。

改进措施针对本次考试中出现的问题和学生表现的不足,学校将采取以下措施来提高学生的研究成绩和综合能力:1. 加强重点知识的讲解和复,为学生提供更多的练机会;2. 对学生的答题技巧进行针对性的指导和培训;3. 针对成绩较差的学生,进行个性化辅导并与家长密切合作。

结论本次一模考试是对学生们学习成果的一次综合考查,整体而言,学生们的表现较为稳定。

但也发现了一些问题和不足,学校将继续加强教学管理,与家长共同努力,提高学生的综合素质和学习成绩。

2019年松江区语文高三一模卷(含答案)

2019年松江区语文高三一模卷(含答案)

松江区2018学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三语文(满分150分,完卷时间150分钟)2018.12一、积累应用10分1.按要求填空。

(5分)(1) ,此心吾与白鸥盟。

(黄庭坚《登快阁》)(2)落花水香茅舍晚, (马致远《寿阳曲·远浦帆归》)(3)《师说》中写士大夫之族以地位官职为借口,拒绝从师学习的语句是,。

2.按要求选择。

(5分)(1)下列选项中,语句使用不恰当的一项是( )(2分)A.小王学花样滑冰十年终获大奖,同伴称道:“宝剑锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来。

”B.小明被评为“孝心少年”,颁奖词中写道:“落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花。

”C.新兵招募宜传文案中用“慷慨自古英雄色,甘洒热血写青春”来号召青年参军。

D.小马荣获“最佳辩手”,颁奖词中写道:“口若悬河,能言善辩”赞其出色辩才。

(2)将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处,语意连贯的一项是()(3分)汉文化所以不同于其他民族的文化, ,,,,孔子在塑造中国民族性格和文化一心理结构上的历史地位,已是一种难以否定的客观事实。

A.④①②③B.①②④③C.②①④③D.②③④①①不管是好是坏,是批判还是继承②中国人所以不同于外国人③中华艺术所以不同于其他艺术④其思想来由仍应追溯到先秦孔学二阅读70分(一)阅读下文,完成第3-7题。

(16分)社会科学何以洞察人性熊易寒①既然社会科学是关于人的科学,那么对于人性的判断就是社会科学研究必须直面的根本性问题。

②人类学、历史学等人文学科一般通过丰富细膩的个案呈现人性的复杂性和内在矛盾,而文学艺术通过虛构和艺术加工将人类置于两难境地,借助灵与欲、善与恶的冲突来展现人性的伟大与卑微。

③不同于人文学科和文学艺术,社会科学以简洁为美,崇尚简化的逻辑,为了逻辑的周严和推理的方便,社会科学通常会将人性简化为经济理性,假定人类行为的核心是利益最大化;出于价值中立....的原则,社会科学研究者总是极力避免对研究对象进行道德评判,经济理性作为“超善恶”的桌赋被学术界广泛接受。

2019年松江区高三一模试卷(附答案)

2019学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三语文(满分150分,完卷时间150分钟)一积累运用10分1.按要求填空。

(5分)(1)三山半落青天外,。

(李白《登金陵凤凰台》)(2)“,则知明而行无过矣”一句出自荀子的《》。

(3)王国维《人间词话》中评周邦彦词句“,”曰:“真能得荷之神理者,觉白石《念奴娇》《惜红衣》二词,犹有隔雾看花之恨”。

2.按要求选择。

(5分)(1)重阳节小明赏菊拍了很多照片,你提供一些句子给他,作为他照片的配诗,以下句子不适合提供的一项是()。

(2分)A.尘世难逢开口笑,菊花须插满头归。

B.轻肌弱骨散幽葩,更将金蕊泛留下C.浅红淡白间深黄,簇簇新妆阵阵香。

D.蒂有余香金淡泊,枝无全叶翠离枝(2)填入下面空白处的词句,最恰当的一项是()(3分)科学可以产生文明,文明可以产生缺陷,缺陷可以产生科学。

如果缩短些说:缺陷是科学的种子,科学是缺陷的化身。

因此,我们可以知道,因此,我们更可以知道。

A.缺陷的价值,科学的来源B.缺陷的作用,科学的价值C.科学的来源,缺陷的价值D.科学的价值,缺陷的作用二阅读 70分(一)阅读下文,完成第3-7题。

(15分)①与一般观念不同,数学,其实也是文化的一部分。

而且,数学和任何其他学科不同,数学是任何科学所不可或缺的。

没有任何一门科学能像它那样泽被天下,它是现代科学技术的语言和工具。

现代科学之所以成为现代科学,第一个决定性的步骤是使自己数学化。

为什么会这样?因为数学在人类理性思维活动中有一些特点,这些特点的形成离不开各个时代的总的文化背景,同时又是数学影响人类文化最突出之点。

②数学追求一种完全确定、完全可靠的知识。

在这本小书里可以看到许多被吸引到数学中来的人正是因为数学有这样的特点。

例如说,欧几里得平面上的三角形内角和为180°,这绝不是说“在某种条件下”,“绝大部分”三角形的内角和“在某种误差范围内”为180°,而是在命题的规定范围内,一切三角形的内角和不多不少为180°。

2019年徐汇区高三英语一模(含答案)

2018-2019学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前,务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上,在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a special party. B. At a hair-dressing salon.C. At a night club.D. At a fashion show.2. A. Finland. B. Egypt. C. Mexico. D. Zambia.3. A. Camping. B. Travelling. C. Sporting. D. Shopping.4. A. She is also a fan of Argentina.B. She is also working very hard.C. She loves American football so much.D. She works for the World Cup.5. A. She threw something at a truck.B. She threw herself out of window and broke her leg.C. She moved a truck to save a little boy.D. She rushed to a moving truck to save a kid.6. A. They planned to go skiing in the rain.B. They just want to grab the chance.C. They will probably change their mind.D. They’ll go skiing even in the rain.7. A. Lisa likes the messy situation.B. Lisa made the mess.C. He and Lisa are settling a problem.D. Lisa likes the new place.8. A. The lady should stop being patient.B. He can’t understand the lady’s feeling.C. The lady should not blame others.D. Nobody may be interested in her problem.9. A. Certain gift from Hawaii.B. A grand wedding party.C. Two plane tickets to Hawaii.D. A picture of the moon.10. A. They went to see a movie.B. The dancers impressed them both.C. The woman is also a dancer.D. The man invited the lady to the show.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Aircraft design. B. Mathematics.C. Engineering.D. Science.12. A. 40. B. 14.C. 4.D. 0.13. A. She stuck to studying engineering at college.B. She addressed to students at high schools and colleges.C. She tried to persuade women not to do engineering for its hard work.D. She researched defense systems of satellites and rockets.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The South Atlantic Ocean.B. The coast of South America.C. African continent.D. The coast of Angola.15. A. He studies the similarities between ancient and modern animals.B. He discovers the remains of ancient sea animals on the coast.C. He studies the cause of separation of South America and Africa.D. He helps do the arrangement of the ancient animal remains in a museum.16. A. Because the remains were exposed on the coast.B. Because these animals used to live close to each other in one place.C. Because these animals were driven to one place and killed.D. Because these animals were all eaten by one large, fierce ancient sea animal.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A saving account in a single name.B. A saving account in joint names.C. A checking account in a single name.D. A checking account in joint names.18. A. 4. B. 3 C. 2 D. 119. A. The lady and her brothers or sisters.B. The lady’s parents.C. The lady and her father.D. The lady and her mother.20. A. Identification paper, photograph, a letter of introduction and some money.B. Identification paper, some clarifications, a letter of introduction and some money.C. A letter of introduction, photographs, a check book and some money.D. Driving license, identification paper, photos, and a letter of introduction.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Battle of Chancellorsville, one of the most famous battles of the Civil War, took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For months, the two armies had been staying on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate(南方联盟)troops were led by perhaps (21) _______ (honored) military tactician(战略家)in American history, General Robert E. Lee. The Union (北方联盟)soldiers were led by “Fighting” Joe Hooker.In appearance, personality, and lifestyle, these men were nearly perfect opposites. Lee, an older man in poor health with a gray beard, had a solemn, measured character. Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man (22) _______ pride over his appearance was but one aspect of his self-centeredness. Whereas Lee was loyal and principled, Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey.Despite the fact that the Confederacy (23) _______ (win) the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were starving, (24) _______ (exhaust), and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, (25) _______ God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for I shall have none.” Why was Hooker so confident? Hooker had used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount of intelligence about Lee’s army. He had already been aware, for example, (26) _______ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker’s own 134,000. Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves (27) _______ Lee’s army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker became convinced that Lee’s only option was to retreat to Richmond, thus (28) _______ (assure) a Union victory.Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn H ooker that Lee was on the offensive (29) _______ (dismiss) as cowards. Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but (30) _______ (retreat), Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lee’s army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., th ey were eating supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles andfled as Lee’s troops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hooker’s forces withdrew in defeat. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. inadequateB. repeatedlyC. processD. achieveE. directedF. reactionsG. raising H. eliminate I. characterizedJ. immediate K. mechanismThe human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through over sweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For centuries, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clock by this apparent (41) _______ time, even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time (DST), sometimes called summer time, was (42) _______ to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to (43) _______ daylight.Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as an American delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it (44) _______ in hi s essay, “An Economical Project.” It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the (45) _______, Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.In England, builder William Willett (1857–1915) became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds(百叶窗) of many houses were (46) _______ on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce (47) _______ a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory(义务)to (48) _______ the clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mostly from farmers. (49) _______, in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.The U.S. Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and (50) _______ and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent. This act also devised (制定)five time (51) _______ throughout the United States: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska. The first time zon e was set on “the mean astronomical time of the seventy-fifth degree of longitude west from Greenwich” (England). In 1919, this act was abandoned.President Roosevelt established year-round Daylight Saving Time (also called War Time) from 1942–1945. However, after this period, each state (52) _______ its own DST, which proved to be (53) _______ to television and radio broadcasting and transportation.In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson created the Department of Transportation and signed the Uniform Time Act. As a result, the Department of Transportation was given the responsibility for the time laws. During the oil embargo(禁运)and energy crisis of the 1970s, President Richard Nixon (54) _______ DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further. This law was (55) _______ in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April (to spring ahead) and end on the last Sunday in October (to fall back).41. A. popular B. solar C. particular D. singular 42. A. employed B. evaluated C. distributed D. contributed43. A. fruitful B. full C. beautiful D. normal44. A. negatively B. alternatively C. extensively D. aggressively45. A. journalist B. physicist C. chemist D. economist46. A. closed B. opened C. fixed D. installed47. A. introduced B. restricted C. donated D. deleted48. A. stop B. adjust C. wind D. mend49. A. Permanently B. Eventually C. Unfortunately D. Theoretically50. A. reserve B. persevere C. preserve D. observe51. A. places B. districts C. zones D. territories52. A. interrupted B. tempted C. imported D. adopted53. A. pleasing B. confusing C. convincing D. comforting54. A. extended B.afforded C.abandoned D. defended55. A. assembled B. combined C. abused D. modifiedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved(运转)around Eris, a concept by which they defined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a condition of opposites. If there was good, then there was evil;if there was love, then there was hatred; joy, then sorrow; war, then peace; and so on. The Greeks believed that good Eris occurredwhen one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose. It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bring together the great opposing forces in nature. Bad Eris was evident in the violent conditions that ruled men’s lives. Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad Eris occurred when one ignored a problem, letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw Eris as a goddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble.One myth that expresses this concept of bad Eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns that Thetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting to father his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal(凡人)whose child could never challenge the gods. He promises her, among other things, the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please. This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned from it still applies today. They do invite everyone . . . except Eris, the Goddess of Discord. In other words, instead of facing the problems brought on by a mixed marriage, they turn their backs on them. They refused to deal directly with their problems and the result is tragic. In her fury (狂怒), Eris arrives, ruins the wedding, causes a jealous argument between the three major goddesses over a golden apple, and sets in place the conditions that lead to the Trojan War. The war would take place 20 years in the future, but it would result in the death of the only child of the bride and groom, Achilles. Eris would destroy the parents’ hopes for their future, leaving the couple with no legal heirs (继承人) to the throne. Hence, when we are told, “If you don’t invite trouble, trouble comes,” it means that if we don’t deal with our problems, our problems will deal with us . . . with a revenge! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their myths learning myths, for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which can destroy us.56. Bad Eris is defined in the passage as _______.A. the violent conditions of lifeB. the problems man encountersC. the evil goddess who has a golden appleD. the murderer of generations57. Zeus married Thetis off because _______.A. he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankindB. he feared the gods would create bad Eris by competing over herC. he feared the Trojan War would be fought over herD. he feared being a father of a boy who would kill him in the future58. Zeus did not fear a child of King Peleus because _______.A. he knew that the child could not climb Mt. Olympus and manage to kill a godB. he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan War which would happen in 20 yearsC. he knew that no matter how strong a mortal child was, he couldn’t overthrow an immortal godD. he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else59. What does the myth in the passage want to tell us?A. Do not consider a mixed marriage.B. Do not anger the gods.C. Do not ignore the problems that arise in life.D. Do not take myths seriously.BThe National Storytelling Youth Olympics is an event where thousands of kids fro m grades 6 to 12 compete against each other by telling stories. It is sponsored by the Master’s Degree Program in Reading and Storytelling at East Tennessee State University. The sole purpose of this event is to promote and encourage both the art and scien ce of storytelling among middle school and high school students. Although this event is competitive, its underlying intent and goal is to provide students across the nation with a reason to practice numerous noncompetitive skills.Those skills include skillful sportsmanship, responsible behavior, and an attitude of respect for others and the storytelling genre. The eventual goal of the National Storytelling Youth Olympics is to encourage every classroom in America to discover (or rediscover) the beauty of storytelling and story performance.The National Storytelling Youth Olympics takes place usually around the first weekend in March. Students from all over the country arrive by bus, plane, or automobile in Johnson City, Tennessee. They usually arrive on Thursday or Friday. Those that arrive on Thursday take advantage of their early arrival by telling stories at local schools. On Friday, an evening meal is prepared for all contestants, coaches, and parents. Games are played, stories are told, and lifetime friendships begin. Saturday is the day of the bigevent. A luncheon(午餐会)is held in the afternoon so contestants can familiarize themselves with the surroundings and do a sound check.The event is divided into three categories separated by grades. Contestants are judged not only by their storytelling performance, but also by the attitude and behavior they display during the entire weekend. A winner is picked from each of the three categories; however, there is an overall winner who is granted the name of Grand Torch Bearer. This person is selected not only by the judges, but also by the contestants. After the winners have been announced, the contestants retreat back to their hotel where a celebratory ice cream party is held; and believe it or not, they tell more stories! This is what the National Storytelling Youth Olympics is all about: developing a love for the art of storytelling.56. Which of the following sets of words best describes the Grand Torch Bearer?A. competitive, ambitious, talentedB. respectful, responsible, skilledC. athletic, determined, creativeD. imaginative, individualistic, pessimistic57. Why would someone MOST LIKELY choose to attend the National Storytelling Youth Olympics?A. To refine storytelling skills while meeting new friends.B. To compete fiercely with the best storytellers in the country.C. To earn money and fame.D. To develop one’s personal skill in lecture only.58. When is dinner prepared for all contestants, coaches, and parents?A. Wednesday.B. Friday.C. Thursday.D. Saturday.CPhilosophy of Education is a label applied to the study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. It can be considered a branch of both philosophy and education. Education can be defined as the teaching and learning of specific skills, and the。

2019年一模:记叙文(含答案)汇编(1)

上海市2019年中考语文一模汇编:记叙文阅读长宁区(二)阅读下文,完成第20-24题(20分)父亲的日记本①父亲的日记本,锁在抽屉里,更像是一本隐秘的家族史,我每次偷偷打开抽屉翻阅,重温父辈艰辛劳作艰难求生的历史,总是唏嘘不已。

②高中时,父亲成绩优良,尤爱文字,吹拉弹唱,样样都行。

但爷爷的没落地主成分,使他逃不掉回乡务农的命运。

那时的父亲也许心有不甘,所以他的日记本里,一边很务实地记录着如何栽培倭瓜的技术,一边激情昂扬地写着标语口号似的《论人生理想》。

对此,奶奶很是忧虑,一把大火,烧掉了父亲的书籍和藏品,只留下他钟爱的口琴,这就将父亲向往着外面世界的心,给彻底地烧为huījìn。

③于是,父亲只能在乡村寻找自己的出路。

他在日记本里不只是记录庄稼的种植,还有编织柳条筐的技术,治病救人的药方。

这样三个不同的谋生技能,贯穿了父亲的一生。

在我们兄妹三个相继出生以后,他需要做一些别的小生意,才能供我们读书。

同时,他依然尽职尽责地做着一个农民,在应该上交公粮的时候,带上我去交公粮。

我整个的年少时光,似乎都植满了坐在板车上由父亲拉着去粮库的记忆。

那时的父亲,相比起结婚前,已经慢慢沉淀下来,开始接纳自己成为农民的事实。

④父亲的日记本里,还记录着一些讨债者,和他被人欠下的柳筐的费用。

我能够记得起一个与父亲一样痩弱的男人,每逢过年,便携了铺盖卷来到我家,不声不响地等父亲给钱。

他从来不跟父母吵闹,自顾自地在我们做好了饭时,拿来凳子和碗筷闷头吃饭,而在夜晚来临时,又在厢房里打好地铺,倒头睡觉。

而我的父亲,也与他一样,在年关到来时,卷了铺盖去别家讨债,常常这个讨债的男人熬不住走了,父亲还奔波在一家家讨债的路上。

讨来的钱,除了归还欠款,父亲也一笔一笔地存钱,无论多寡都是银行定期,一年两年三年五年,那是一个农民对安全感的存储,他用这样的方式,与生活讲和。

⑤几年后,父亲进城帮人疏通下水道挣钱。

全家住在一个每月40元租金的破旧小院里。

上海市徐汇区2022届高三语文一模试卷(含答案)

2021学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三语文试卷(考试时间150分钟,试卷满分150分)一、积累运用(10分)1.按要求填空。

(5分)(1)是日也,天朗气清,_______________。

(王羲之《_______》)(2)______________,忠而被谤,能无怨乎?(司马迁《史记·屈原贾生列传》(3)杜甫《蜀相》的颈联“______________,______________”高度概括了诸葛亮一生的丰功伟绩。

2.阅读下面文字,按要求选择。

(5分)(1)上海话剧艺术中心拟在《红楼梦》剧中编入能体现“差序格局”典型场景的几出戏。

下列是编剧助理小徐打算选编的场景,不符合要求的一项是()。

(3分)A.雨村判案B.元妃省亲C.探春理家D.香菱学诗(2)小汇作为第四届中国进博会志愿者,承担为“中国文化走出去——话剧《红楼梦》海外巡演”拟写宣传广告的任务。

小汇拟写的广告用词不恰当的一处是()。

(2分)上海话剧艺术中心精心制作出品的话剧《红楼梦》将以全本演出的形式呈现在世界舞台。

演出由上部“春夏·风月繁华”和下部“秋冬·食尽鸟归”组成,跨越四季,岁月沧桑〔甲〕。

真与假、兴与衰、梦境与现实交织,营造出一个诗化却又真实的世界〔乙〕。

艺术家们美轮美奂的表演〔丙〕和引人入胜的剧情〔丁〕将带领喜爱中国文化的您领略极致中式美学。

A.甲处B.乙处C.丙处D.丁处二、阅读(70分)(一)阅读下文,完成第3-7题。

(15分)典型①人们把作家创作出来的那些高水平的人物,称为典型,或典型人物。

②从一般道理上说,作家所写的人物能够被广大的读者接受和认可,产生很大的影响,这样的人物就是典型人物。

但从理论上界定,还真是一件难事。

从人类最初的叙事作品到今天,作家和理论家对于如何写人物,看法发生了许多变化。

③朱光潜先生曾对典型这一概念作过考证:“典型”(Tupos)这个名词在希腊文里原义是铸造用的模子,用同一个模子脱出来的东西就是一模一样。

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