NO.33 小说阅读1
小说阅读1 (共15分)
阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
(15分)
狼牙(节选)
刘猛
何志军坐在床上看着人越来越少的宿舍。
雷克明和一中队的副中队长小赵去和北京来的组织部门谈话了，剩下的人大多数也都回原来的单位了。
A军区侦察大队将从此成为战史中不为人知的角落里的那么一个自然段甚至就那么一句话了。
雷克明和小赵回来就收拾东西。
何志军看着他们出去，宿舍又没人了，自己真的成了光杆儿大队长了。
他苦笑，站起身看着外面操练的防化团战士。
没有了参战老兵们的压力，防化团的战士们生龙活虎。
连参加过战争的人都没有了，那场战争的最后一点儿痕迹也从何志军眼前消失了。
真的从此消失了吗？何志军心中感到一阵悲凉，翻身拿起脸盆和洗漱用具去水房冲澡。
哗啦啦，一盆凉水浇下，让他清醒很多，看着镜子里面自己健壮却伤痕累累的上身。
伤疤是军人的勋章，每一道伤疤都是一枚勋章，一个铁与血的故事。
这些故事真的成为了往事，一个月的集训生活已经让他习惯了和平环境的军营。
但他猛然醒过来——自己虽然下了战场，但还是一名军人！他匆匆擦干净自己，跑回去穿上常服，戴上帽子，扎起腰带——他要出操，一个人出操——只要有他一个人在，侦察大队就没有消失！
这个信念让已经不年轻的他热血沸腾，他咚咚跑到操场上。
防化团的官兵诧异地看着这个黑脸中校，他以极其标准的姿势跑步到一片开阔的位置上。
他喘着粗气，不是因为疲惫而是因为激动，一种久违的激动，从战场上下来，他再也没有这样激动过。
“中国人民解放军A军区狼牙侦察大队现在开始点名——”他自己高喊，用浑厚的嗓子高喊。
防化团的官兵都停止了训练，看着这个从战场上下来的战斗英雄。
何志军这个名字，他们并不陌生，军报和军区《战歌报》都曾长篇报道过他
和他的那支传奇侦察队的故事。
这个被敌人敬畏地称之为“狼牙”的侦察兵英雄，是他们这些年轻军人的偶像。
“何志军！”他喊着自己的名字，然后高声喊，“到！”然后就安静了，大家都在看他。
何志军心中的情绪是复杂的。
忽然，一个声音从后面低低地传出来：“大队长，还有我。
”何志军回头，看见了扎着武装带的陈勇。
他很惊讶：“你还没走？”
“我今天晚上搭车回夜老虎团。
看见您出操，我就赶紧过来了。
我没迟到吧？”陈勇说。
何志军点头：“没有！没有迟到，你是个好兵！”陈勇立正高喊：“是，请大队长指示！”
“陈勇，你自编的少林军体拳，还记不记得？！”何志军高声问。
“记得！”陈勇高喊。
何志军厉声说：“给我打一套！”“是！”陈勇摘下军帽放在一边，走回原位站好姿势。
众目睽睽之下，他高喊一声，起手——腿踢正面、拳扫背面、啪地侧倒。
随即拳脚如同旋风一般，一个人的杀声也是震天，周围的防化团官兵都看得眼花缭乱，心中暗自惊叹这帮侦察兵确实不简单。
陈勇在空中一个分腿飞踹倒地后，鲤鱼打挺起来又是一个组合拳，最后一记弹腿正蹬才慢慢收势。
他的额头流着汗，慢慢收好腿归置军姿。
官兵们都看傻了，何志军却有一种悲凉的骄傲。
“是坚守，还是抗议？”
何志军立即向后转，麻利敬礼：“首长好！”
副司令脸上是耐人寻味的微笑：“稍息。
”
“是！”何志军转身，“稍息！”
陈勇稍息，胸部还在起伏。
副司令看着何志军，笑着说道：“出操给所有能看见的人，告诉他们，你的侦察大队没有消失，对吧？”何志军高喊：“报告首长！不是！我出操，是因为我还是个军人！”
副司令点点头：“那就是坚守了？”何志军说：“是！坚守一个军人的信念！”
“给你两个选择。
”副司令笑了笑，说，“第一，在军区机关给我当参谋；第二，在军区情报部继续当参谋。
”
“我想下去带兵。
”何志军苦着脸：“副司令，我不想再在机关里待了。
”但副
司令根本不搭理他这套：“想跑可没那么容易——我说了两个选择。
”
“没别的了？”何志军看着副司令的脸，知道没选择以后说，“那我还是回军区情报部。
”
副司令看着他说：“做好被搁置的准备，你会成为搁置在仓库的一门重型火炮。
在没有战争的时期，你就要一直被这么搁置着。
”何志军回味着副司令的话，脸上浮现出一丝苦笑。
(有删改)
1.下列对文本相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是()(3分)
A.小说开头写狼牙大队人越来越少，而窗外防化团士兵却生龙活虎，两者形成对比，突出了狼牙大队被撤销后的冷清景象。
B.小说塑造的英雄何志军人物形象真实立体，着力表现了他对军队的忠诚，也写了他对副司令的抱怨。
C.“你会成为搁置在仓库的一门重型火炮”暗示了军人在和平年代要耐得住寂寞，也表明副司令对何志军的认可与器重。
D.小说标题为“狼牙”，既点明了侦察大队的称号，也象征了以何志军为代表的侦察大队官兵的刚强与血性。
解析“对副司令的抱怨”错。
答案 B
2.请简要分析文中何志军的心理变化过程。
(6分)
答案①在宿舍看着官兵陆续离开，面对侦察大队被撤销，何志军心情悲凉，冷静下来后，军人的信念，让他的心情变得激动；②在操场出操训练，一方面为自己的坚守和战友的优秀感到骄傲，一方面又为侦察大队的解散心有不甘，心情复杂；③答应副司令回军区情报部，体现了军人的服从，也流露了无奈的情绪。
3.小说对陈勇打军体拳进行了具体描绘，这样写有什么作用？请简要分析。
(6分) 答案①体现了陈勇极高的军事素养，反映狼牙侦查大队官兵卓越优秀，打、踢、摔、踹等格斗动作娴熟流畅，防化团官兵钦佩赞叹；②表现了狼牙大队官兵坚守信念、不改初心的精神，即使是一个人的杀声也震天，即使只剩一个人，队伍仍存在；③推动故事情节发展，使后文副司令的出场自然合理；④展现了军人的日常训练生活，突出了军旅小说的特征。
悬疑推理迷们必读的50部经典推理小说
No.0别推荐《窥龙图》这是一本很用心的小说，看得出作者笔力不凡，与当前味同嚼蜡的网络相比，真是判若云泥。
但不明白作者为什么选择网上发布，而没直接选择实体出版。
小说由三条线索互相缠绕，主线是男主人公与女盗贼的一路逃逸与解密；副线有两条，警察追捕和邪恶势力的追杀。
故事节奏紧迫，构思设伏巧妙，逻辑严谨。
唯一的缺憾是后面的章节可能有点费脑。
No.1 《福尔摩斯探案全集》阿瑟·柯南·道尔（著）推理小说中的圣经，也是每一个推理迷必备的案头书籍。
从《血字的研究》诞生到现在的一百多年间，福尔摩斯打遍天下无敌手，影响力早已越过推理一隅，成为人们心中神探的代名词。
一本老少皆宜的奇妙书籍，无数人凭它跨上推理之路。
No.2 《马耳他之鹰》达希尔·哈米特（著）《马耳他之鹰》是号称“胜过海明威任何一部小说”的冷硬派第一名作，属于那种你可以不喜欢，却不可以不读的推理小说。
在兰登书屋20世纪百大英文小说上也排名第56位。
No.3 《爱伦坡短篇小说选集》埃德加·爱伦·坡（著）虽然是推理小说的开山之作，但爱伦坡的几部短篇就算在今天看来也颇有特色。
作家能够利用短小的篇幅制造出缕缕不绝的悬疑之感，在严谨的逻辑推理之中融入奇幻情节，并用诡谲的文笔锦上添花，迄今也没几个短篇作家办得到。
从这个意义上说，爱伦坡永不过时。
No.4 《时间的女儿》约瑟芬·铁伊（著）铁伊是1930年代以来、推理史上第二黄金期三大女杰之一。
她一生只写有八部推理小说，部部精彩，是推理史上极少数一生没有任何失败作品的大师。
本书即是铁伊最著名的作品，属历史侦探小说范畴，曾在英国侦探小说作家协会票选中荣膺史上第一名。
No.5 《无罪的罪人》斯考特·杜罗（著）律师悬念小说的经典之作。
男主人公拉斯迪是一位资深且极为优秀的首席检查官，由于工作的关系经常接触到一些令人心痛的社会弊端以及各式各样的犯罪，为揭露司法制度的阴暗面，他暗中操纵，不惜以身试法……结局出人意想，绝对震撼！No.6 《冷战谍魂》约翰·勒·卡雷（著）《冷战谍魂》作为约翰·勒·卡雷的成名作，还没有他后来小说中挥之不去的暮气，显得创意超群。
好评好看的小说排行榜
好评好看的小说排行榜近年来，受到读者好评的小说是非常多的，你看过哪些好看的呢?下面是由店铺给大家带来关于好评好看的小说，希望对大家有帮助!好评好看的小说NO.1 《何以笙箫默》——顾漫一段年少时的爱恋，牵出一生的纠缠。
大学时代的赵默笙阳光灿烂，对法学系大才子何以琛一见倾心，开朗直率的她拔足倒追，终于使才气出众的他为她停留驻足。
然而，不善表达的他终于使她在一次伤心之下远走他乡……获奖评语：顾漫是晋江文学城的签约作者，其文风清新，言语幽默，笔触活泼，深受年轻女性读者的喜爱。
第一本小说《何以笙箫默》便曾三年连登当当青春文学类的TOP10。
在豆瓣上已有两万多人评价，得到8.4分，这对于畅销小说来说实属不易。
网友们大多用这样的字眼来形容，“世间美好，大约如此”，“难得温暖的文字”，“清新拂面”，“陌上花开，可缓缓归矣”等。
多数读者都表示绝对有意犹未尽的感觉(PS：你永远想不到何以究竟有多高的人气，只要有何以探的地方全数通过，竟然没有反票，言吧里的所有投票结果也全都显示以探就是王道，无论对手是谁男主如何比较，他都会是第一，本文言语平实，却爱意未减，平淡中显现挚爱与幸福，人气魅力永远无法抵挡 ) (以琛真的不愧是我心中永远的TOP1，太争气了)NO.2 《华胥引》——唐七公子华胥一引，乱世成殇。
琴弦震响于九州列国之上，无声惊动。
这是一个发生在乱世的故事。
城破之日，卫国公主叶蓁以身殉国，依靠鲛珠死而复生。
当她弹起华胥调，便生死人肉白骨，探入梦境与回忆。
幻术构成的曲谱里，尽是人世的辛酸与苦涩。
而她与亡她国家的陈国世子一次一次于幻境中相遇，身份两重，缘也两重。
清平华胥调，能不能让每个人追回旧日的思念，不再悲伤?获奖评语：这本书是唐七公子与九州强强联手后的又一力作，历时两年，惊才绝艳，天下公倾。
新年伊始，幻想言情作家唐七公子便推出了两年来精心锻造的《华胥引》，华胥一引，乱世成殇，这部绝艳之作也成为2011农历年初最给力的历史架空小说。
悬疑推理迷们必读的50部经典推理小说
No.0别推荐《窥龙图》这是一本很用心的小说，看得出作者笔力不凡，与当前味同嚼蜡的网络相比，真是判若云泥。
但不明白作者为什么选择网上发布，而没直接选择实体出版。
小说由三条线索互相缠绕，主线是男主人公与女盗贼的一路逃逸与解密；副线有两条，警察追捕和邪恶势力的追杀。
故事节奏紧迫，构思设伏巧妙，逻辑严谨。
唯一的缺憾是后面的章节可能有点费脑。
No.1 《福尔摩斯探案全集》阿瑟·柯南·道尔（著）推理小说中的圣经，也是每一个推理迷必备的案头书籍。
从《血字的研究》诞生到现在的一百多年间，福尔摩斯打遍天下无敌手，影响力早已越过推理一隅，成为人们心中神探的代名词。
一本老少皆宜的奇妙书籍，无数人凭它跨上推理之路。
No.2 《马耳他之鹰》达希尔·哈米特（著）《马耳他之鹰》是号称“胜过海明威任何一部小说”的冷硬派第一名作，属于那种你可以不喜欢，却不可以不读的推理小说。
在兰登书屋20世纪百大英文小说上也排名第56位。
No.3 《爱伦坡短篇小说选集》埃德加·爱伦·坡（著）虽然是推理小说的开山之作，但爱伦坡的几部短篇就算在今天看来也颇有特色。
作家能够利用短小的篇幅制造出缕缕不绝的悬疑之感，在严谨的逻辑推理之中融入奇幻情节，并用诡谲的文笔锦上添花，迄今也没几个短篇作家办得到。
从这个意义上说，爱伦坡永不过时。
No.4 《时间的女儿》约瑟芬·铁伊（著）铁伊是1930年代以来、推理史上第二黄金期三大女杰之一。
她一生只写有八部推理小说，部部精彩，是推理史上极少数一生没有任何失败作品的大师。
本书即是铁伊最著名的作品，属历史侦探小说范畴，曾在英国侦探小说作家协会票选中荣膺史上第一名。
No.5 《无罪的罪人》斯考特·杜罗（著）律师悬念小说的经典之作。
男主人公拉斯迪是一位资深且极为优秀的首席检查官，由于工作的关系经常接触到一些令人心痛的社会弊端以及各式各样的犯罪，为揭露司法制度的阴暗面，他暗中操纵，不惜以身试法……结局出人意想，绝对震撼！No.6 《冷战谍魂》约翰·勒·卡雷（著）《冷战谍魂》作为约翰·勒·卡雷的成名作，还没有他后来小说中挥之不去的暮气，显得创意超群。
经典英文短篇小说 (1)
A Christmas Dream, and How It Came to Be Trueby Louisa May Alcott"I'm so tired of Christmas I wish there never would be another one!" exclaimed a discontented-looking little girl, as she sat idly watching her mother arrange a pile of gifts two days before they were to be given."Why, Effie, what a dreadful thing to say! You are as bad as old Scrooge; and I'm afraid something will happen to you, as it did to him, if you don't care for dear Christmas," answered mamma, almost dropping the silver horn she was filling with delicious candies."Who was Scrooge? What happened to him?" asked Effie, with a glimmer of interest in her listless face, as she picked out the sourest lemon-drop she could find; for nothing sweet suited her just then."He was one of Dickens's best people, and you can read the charming story some day. He hated Christmas until a strange dream showed him how dear and beautiful it was, and made a better man of him.""I shall read it; for I like dreams, and have a great many curious ones myself. But they don't keep me from being tired of Christmas," said Effie, poking discontentedly among the sweeties for something worth eating."Why are you tired of what should be the happiest time of all the year?" asked mamma, anxiously."Perhaps I shouldn't be if I had something new. But it is always the same, and there isn't any more surprise about it. I always find heaps of goodies in my stocking. Don't like some of them, and soon get tired of those I do like. We always have a great dinner, and I eat too much, and feel ill next day. Then there is a Christmas tree somewhere, with a doll on top, or a stupid old Santa Claus, and children dancing and screaming over bonbons and toys that break, and shiny things that are of no use. Really, mamma, I've had so many Christmases all alike that I don't think I can bear another one." And Effie laid herself flat on the sofa, as if the mere idea was too much for her.Her mother laughed at her despair, but was sorry to see her little girl so discontented, when she had everything to make her happy, and had known but ten Christmas days."Suppose we don't give you any presents at all,--how would that suit you?" asked mamma, anxious to please her spoiled child."I should like one large and splendid one, and one dear little one, to remember some very nice person by," said Effie, who was a fanciful little body, full of odd whims and notions, which her friends loved to gratify, regardless of time, trouble, or money; for she was the last of three little girls, and very dear to all the family."Well, my darling, I will see what I can do to please you, and not say a word until all is ready. If I could only get a new idea to start with!" And mamma went on tying up her pretty bundles with a thoughtful face, while Effie strolled to the window to watch the rain that kept her in-doors and made her dismal."Seems to me poor children have better times than rich ones. I can't go out, and there is a girl about my age splashing along, without any maid to fuss about rubbers and cloaks and umbrellas and colds. I wish I was a beggar-girl.""Would you like to be hungry, cold, and ragged, to beg all day, and sleep on an ash-heap at night?" asked mamma, wondering what would come next."Cinderella did, and had a nice time in the end. This girl out here has a basket of scraps on her arm, and a big old shawl all round her, and doesn't seem to care a bit, though the water runs out of the toes of her boots. She goes paddling along, laughing at the rain, and eating a cold potato as if it tasted nicer than the chicken and ice-cream I had for dinner. Yes, I do think poor children are happier than rich ones.""So do I, sometimes. At the Orphan Asylum today I saw two dozen merry little souls who have no parents, no home, and no hope of Christmas beyond a stick of candy or a cake. I wish you had been there to see how happy they were, playing with the old toys some richer children had sent them.""You may give them all mine; I'm so tired of them I never want to see them again," said Effie, turning from the window to the pretty baby-house full of everything a child's heart could desire."I will, and let you begin again with something you will not tire of, if I can only find it." And mamma knit her brows trying to discover some grand surprise for this child who didn't care for Christmas.Nothing more was said then; and wandering off to the library, Effie found "A Christmas Carol," and curling herself up in the sofa corner, read it all before tea. Some of it she did not understand; but she laughed and cried over many parts of the charming story, and felt better without knowing why.All the evening she thought of poor Tiny Tim, Mrs. Cratchit with the pudding, and the stout old gentleman who danced so gayly that "his legs twinkled in the air." Presently bedtime arrived."Come, now, and toast your feet," said Effie's nurse, "while I do your pretty hair and tell stories." "I'll have a fairy tale to-night, a very interesting one," commanded Effie, as she put on her blue silk wrapper and little fur-lined slippers to sit before the fire and have her long curls brushed.So Nursey told her best tales; and when at last the child lay down under her lace curtains, her head was full of a curious jumble of Christmas elves, poor children, snow-storms, sugarplums, and surprises. So it is no wonder that shedreamed all night; and this was the dream, which she never quite forgot.She found herself sitting on a stone, in the middle of a great field, all alone. The snow was falling fast, a bitter wind whistled by, and night was coming on. She felt hungry, cold, and tired, and did not know where to go nor what to do."I wanted to be a beggar-girl, and now I am one; but I don't like it, and wish somebody would come and take care of me. I don't know who I am, and I think I must be lost," thought Effie, with the curious interest one takes in one's self in dreams. But the more she thought about it, the more bewildered she felt. Faster fell the snow, colder blew the wind, darker grew the night; and poor Effie made up her mind that she was quite forgotten and left to freeze alone. The tears were chilled on her cheeks, her feet felt like icicles, and her heart died within her, so hungry, frightened, and forlorn was she. Laying her head on her knees, she gave herself up for lost, and sat there with the great flakes fast turning her to a little white mound, when suddenly the sound of music reached her, and starting up, she looked and listened with all her eyes and ears.Far away a dim light shone, and a voice was heard singing. She tried to run toward the welcome glimmer, but could not stir, and stood like a small statue of expectation while the light drew nearer, and the sweet words of the song grew clearer.From our happy homeThrough the world we roamOne week in all the year,Making winter springWith the joy we bring,For Christmas-tide is here.Now the eastern starShines from afarTo light the poorest home;Hearts warmer grow,Gifts freely flow,For Christmas-tide has come.Now gay trees riseBefore young eyes,Abloom with tempting cheer;Blithe voices sing,And blithe bells ring,For Christmas-tide is here.Oh, happy chime,Oh, blessed time,That draws us all so near!"Welcome, dear day,"All creatures say,For Christmas-tide is here.A child's voice sang, a child's hand carried the little candle; and in the circle of soft light it shed, Effie saw a pretty child coming to her through the night and snow.A rosy, smiling creature, wrapped in white fur, with a wreath of green and scarlet holly on its shining hair, the magic candle in one hand, and the other outstretched as if to shower gifts and warmly press all other hands.Effie forgot to speak as this bright vision came nearer, leaving no trace of footsteps in the snow, only lighting the way with its little candle, and filling the air with the music of its song."Dear child, you are lost, and I have come to find you," said the stranger, taking Effie's cold hands in his, with a smile like sunshine, while every holly berry glowed like a little fire."Do you know me?" asked Effie, feeling no fear, but a great gladness, at his coming."I know all children, and go to find them; for this is my holiday, and I gather them from all parts of the world to be merry with me once a year.""Are you an angel?" asked Effie, looking for the wings."No; I am a Christmas spirit, and live with my mates in a pleasant place, getting ready for our holiday, when we are let out to roam about the world, helping make this a happy time for all who will let us in. Will you come and see how we work?" "I will go anywhere with you. Don't leave me again," cried Effie, gladly."First I will make you comfortable. That is what we love to do. You are cold, and you shall be warm, hungry, and I will feed you; sorrowful, and I will make you gay."With a wave of his candle all three miracles were wrought,--for the snow- flakes turned to a white fur cloak and hood on Effie's head and shoulders, a bowl of hot soup came sailing to her lips, and vanished when she had eagerly drunk the last drop; and suddenly the dismal field changed to a new world so full of wonders that all her troubles were forgotten in a minute. Bells were ringing so merrily that it was hard to keep from dancing. Green garlands hung on the walls, and every tree was a Christmas tree full of toys, and blazing with candles that never went out.In one place many little spirits sewed like mad on warm clothes, turning off work faster than any sewing-machine ever invented, and great piles were made ready to be sent to poor people. Other busy creatures packed money into purses, and wrote checks which they sent flying away on the wind,--a lovely kind of snow-storm to fall into a world below full of poverty. Older and graver spirits werelooking over piles of little books, in which the records of the past year were kept, telling how different people had spent it, and what sort of gifts they deserved. Some got peace, some disappointment, some remorse and sorrow, some great joy and hope. The rich had generous thoughts sent them; the poor, gratitude and contentment. Children had more love and duty to parents; and parents renewed patience, wisdom, and satisfaction for and in their children. No one was forgotten."Please tell me what splendid place this is?" asked Effie, as soon as she could collect her wits after the first look at all these astonishing things."This is the Christmas world; and here we work all the year round, never tired of getting ready for the happy day. See, these are the saints just setting off; for some have far to go, and the children must not be disappointed."As he spoke the spirit pointed to four gates, out of which four great sleighs were just driving, laden with toys, while a jolly old Santa Claus sat in the middle of each, drawing on his mittens and tucking up his wraps for a long cold drive. "Why, I thought there was only one Santa Claus, and even he was a humbug," cried Effie, astonished at the sight. "Never give up your faith in the sweet old stones, even after you come to see that they are only the pleasant shadow of a lovely truth."Just then the sleighs went off with a great jingling of bells and pattering of reindeer hoofs, while all the spirits gave a cheer that was heard in the lower world, where people said, "Hear the stars sing.""I never will say there isn't any Santa Claus again. Now, show me more.""You will like to see this place, I think, and may learn something here perhaps."The spirit smiled as he led the way to a little door, through which Effie peeped into a world of dolls. Baby-houses were in full blast, with dolls of all sorts going on like live people. Waxen ladies sat in their parlors elegantly dressed; black dolls cooked in the kitchens; nurses walked out with the bits of dollies; and the streets were full of tin soldiers marching, wooden horses prancing, express wagons rumbling, and little men hurrying to and fro. Shops were there, and tiny people buying legs of mutton, pounds of tea, mites of clothes, and everything dolls use or wear or want.But presently she saw that in some ways the dolls improved upon the manners and customs of human beings, and she watched eagerly to learn why they did these things. A fine Paris doll driving in her carriage took up a black worsted Dinah who was hobbling along with a basket of clean clothes, and carried her to her journey's end, as if it were the proper thing to do. Another interesting china lady took off her comfortable red cloak and put it round a poor wooden creature done up in a paper shift, and so badly painted that its face would have sent some babies into fits."Seems to me I once knew a rich girl who didn't give her things to poor girls. Iwish I could remember who she was, and tell her to be as kind as that china doll," said Effie, much touched at the sweet way the pretty creature wrapped up the poor fright, and then ran off in her little gray gown to buy a shiny fowl stuck on a wooden platter for her invalid mother's dinner."We recall these things to people's minds by dreams. I think the girl you speak of won't forget this one." And the spirit smiled, as if he enjoyed some joke which she did not see.A little bell rang as she looked, and away scampered the children into the red-and-green school-house with the roof that lifted up, so one could see how nicely they sat at their desks with mites of books, or drew on the inch-square blackboards with crumbs of chalk."They know their lessons very well, and are as still as mice. We make a great racket at our school, and get bad marks every day. I shall tell the girls they had better mind what they do, or their dolls will be better scholars than they are," said Effie, much impressed, as she peeped in and saw no rod in the hand of the little mistress, who looked up and shook her head at the intruder, as if begging her to go away before the order of the school was disturbed.Effie retired at once, but could not resist one look in at the window of a fine mansion, where the family were at dinner, the children behaved so well at table, and never grumbled a bit when their mamma said they could not have any more fruit. "Now, show me something else," she said, as they came again to the low door that led out of Doll-land. "You have seen how we prepare for Christmas; let me show you where we love best to send our good and happy gifts," answered the spirit, giving her his hand again."I know. I've seen ever so many," began Effie, thinking of her own Christmases."No, you have never seen what I will show you. Come away, and remember what you see to-night."Like a flash that bright world vanished, and Effie found herself in a part of the city she had never seen before. It was far away from the gayer places, where every store was brilliant with lights and full of pretty things, and every house wore a festival air, while people hurried to and fro with merry greetings. It was down among the dingy streets where the poor lived, and where there was no making ready for Christmas.Hungry women looked in at the shabby shops, longing to buy meat and bread, but empty pockets forbade. Tipsy men drank up their wages in the bar- rooms; and in many cold dark chambers little children huddled under the thin blankets, trying to forget their misery in sleep.No nice dinners filled the air with savory smells, no gay trees dropped toys andbonbons into eager hands, no little stockings hung in rows beside the chimney-piece ready to be filled, no happy sounds of music, gay voices, and dancing feet were heard; and there were no signs of Christmas anywhere."Don't they have any in this place?" asked Effie, shivering, as she held fast the spirit's hand, following where he led her. "We come to bring it. Let me show you our best workers." And the spirit pointed to some sweet-faced men and women who came stealing into the poor houses, working such beautiful miracles that Effie could only stand and watch.Some slipped money into the empty pockets, and sent the happy mothers to buy all the comforts they needed; others led the drunken men out of temptation, and took them home to find safer pleasures there. Fires were kindled on cold hearths, tables spread as if by magic, and warm clothes wrapped round shivering limbs. Flowers suddenly bloomed in the chambers of the sick; old people found themselves remembered; sad hearts were consoled by a tender word, and wicked ones softened by the story of Him who forgave all sin.But the sweetest work was for the children; and Effie held her breath to watch these human fairies hang up and fill the little stockings without which a child's Christmas is not perfect, putting in things that once she would have thought very humble presents, but which now seemed beautiful and precious because these poor babies had nothing."That is so beautiful! I wish I could make merry Christmases as these good people do, and be loved and thanked as they are," said Effie, softly, as she watched the busy men and women do their work and steal away without thinking of any reward but their own satisfaction."You can if you will. I have shown you the way. Try it, and see how happy your own holiday will be hereafter."As he spoke, the spirit seemed to put his arms about her, and vanished with a kiss."Oh, stay and show me more!" cried Effie, trying to hold him fast."Darling, wake up, and tell me why you are smiling in your sleep," said a voice in her ear; and opening her eyes, there was mamma bending over her, and morning sunshine streaming into the room."Are they all gone? Did you hear the bells? Wasn't it splendid?" she asked, rubbing her eyes, and looking about her for the pretty child who was so real and sweet."You have been dreaming at a great rate,--talking in your sleep, laughing, and clapping your hands as if you were cheering some one. Tell me what was so splendid," said mamma, smoothing the tumbled hair and lifting up the sleepy head. Then, while she was being dressed, Effie told her dream, and Nursey thought itvery wonderful; but mamma smiled to see how curiously things the child had thought, read, heard, and seen through the day were mixed up in her sleep."The spirit said I could work lovely miracles if I tried; but I don't know how to begin, for I have no magic candle to make feasts appear, and light up groves of Christmas trees, as he did," said Effie, sorrowfully."Yes, you have. We will do it! we will do it!" And clapping her hands, mamma suddenly began to dance all over the room as if she had lost her wits."How? how? You must tell me, mamma," cried Effie, dancing after her, and ready to believe anything possible when she remembered the adventures of the past night."I've got it! I've got it!--the new idea. A splendid one, if I can only carry it out!" And mamma waltzed the little girl round till her curls flew wildly in the air, while Nursey laughed as if she would die."Tell me! tell me!" shrieked Effie. "No, no; it is a surprise,--a grand surprise for Christmas day!" sung mamma, evidently charmed with her happy thought. "Now, come to breakfast; for we must work like bees if we want to play spirits tomorrow. You and Nursey will go out shopping, and get heaps of things, while I arrange matters behind the scenes."They were running downstairs as mamma spoke, and Effie called out breathlessly,--"It won't be a surprise; for I know you are going to ask some poor children here, and have a tree or something. It won't be like my dream; for they had ever so many trees, and more children than we can find anywhere.""There will be no tree, no party, no dinner, in this house at all, and no presents for you. Won't that be a surprise?" And mamma laughed at Effie's bewildered face."Do it. I shall like it, I think; and I won't ask any questions, so it will all burst upon me when the time comes," she said; and she ate her breakfast thoughtfully, for this really would be a new sort of Christmas.All that morning Effie trotted after Nursey in and out of shops, buying dozens of barking dogs, woolly lambs, and squeaking birds; tiny tea-sets, gay picture-books, mittens and hoods, dolls and candy. Parcel after parcel was sent home; but when Effie returned she saw no trace of them, though she peeped everywhere. Nursey chuckled, but wouldn't give a hint, and went out again in the afternoon with a long list of more things to buy; while Effie wandered forlornly about the house, missing the usual merry stir that went before the Christmas dinner and the evening fun.As for mamma, she was quite invisible all day, and came in at night so tired that she could only lie on the sofa to rest, smiling as if some very pleasant thought made her happy in spite of weariness."Is the surprise going on all right?" asked Effie, anxiously; for it seemed an immense time to wait till another evening came."Beautifully! better than I expected; for several of my good friends are helping, or I couldn't have done it as I wish. I know you will like it, dear, and long remember this new way of making Christmas merry."Mamma gave her a very tender kiss, and Effie went to bed.The next day was a very strange one; for when she woke there was no stocking to examine, no pile of gifts under her napkin, no one said "Merry Christmas!" to her, and the dinner was just as usual to her. Mamma vanished again, and Nursey kept wiping her eyes and saying: "The dear things! It's the prettiest idea I ever heard of. No one but your blessed ma could have done it." "Do stop, Nursey, or I shall go crazy because I don't know the secret!" cried Effie, more than once; and she kept her eye on the clock, for at seven in the evening the surprise was to come off.The longed-for hour arrived at last, and the child was too excited to ask questions when Nurse put on her cloak and hood, led her to the carriage, and they drove away, leaving their house the one dark and silent one in the row. "I feel like the girls in the fairy tales who are led off to strange places and see fine things," said Effie, in a whisper, as they jingled through the gay streets."Ah, my deary, it is like a fairy tale, I do assure you, and you will see finer things than most children will tonight. Steady, now, and do just as I tell you, and don't say one word whatever you see," answered Nursey, quite quivering with excitement as she patted a large box in her lap, and nodded and laughed with twinkling eyes.They drove into a dark yard, and Effie was led through a back door to a little room, where Nurse coolly proceeded to take off not only her cloak and hood, but her dress and shoes also. Effie stared and bit her lips, but kept still until out of the box came a little white fur coat and boots, a wreath of holly leaves and berries, and a candle with a frill of gold paper round it. A long "Oh!" escaped her then; and when she was dressed and saw herself in the glass, she started back, exclaiming, "Why, Nursey, I look like the spirit in my dream!""So you do; and that's the part you are to play, my pretty! Now whist, while I blind your eyes and put you in your place.""Shall I be afraid?" whispered Effie, full of wonder; for as they went out she heard the sound of many voices, the tramp of many feet, and, in spite of the bandage, was sure a great light shone upon her when she stopped."You needn't be; I shall stand close by, and your ma will be there."After the handkerchief was tied about her eyes, Nurse led Effie up some steps, and placed her on a high platform, where something like leaves touched her head,and the soft snap of lamps seemed to fill the air. Music began as soon as Nurse clapped her hands, the voices outside sounded nearer, and the tramp was evidently coming up the stairs."Now, my precious, look and see how you and your dear ma have made a merry Christmas for them that needed it!"Off went the bandage; and for a minute Effie really did think she was asleep again, for she actually stood in "a grove of Christmas trees," all gay and shining as in her vision. Twelve on a side, in two rows down the room, stood the little pines, each on its low table; and behind Effie a taller one rose to the roof, hung with wreaths of popcorn, apples, oranges, horns of candy, and cakes of all sorts, from sugary hearts to gingerbread Jumbos. On the smaller trees she saw many of her own discarded toys and those Nursey bought, as well as heaps that seemed to have rained down straight from that delightful Christmas country where she felt as if she was again."How splendid! Who is it for? What is that noise? Where is mamma?" cried Effie, pale with pleasure and surprise, as she stood looking down the brilliant little street from her high place.Before Nurse could answer, the doors at the lower end flew open, and in marched twenty-four little blue-gowned orphan girls, singing sweetly, until amazement changed the song to cries of joy and wonder as the shining spectacle appeared. While they stood staring with round eyes at the wilderness of pretty things about them, mamma stepped up beside Effie, and holding her hand fast to give her courage, told the story of the dream in a few simple words, ending in this way:--"So my little girl wanted to be a Christmas spirit too, and make this a happy day for those who had not as many pleasures and comforts as she has. She likes surprises, and we planned this for you all. She shall play the good fairy, and give each of you something from this tree, after which every one will find her own name on a small tree, and can go to enjoy it in her own way. March by, my dears, and let us fill your hands."Nobody told them to do it, but all the hands were clapped heartily before a single child stirred; then one by one they came to look up wonderingly at the pretty giver of the feast as she leaned down to offer them great yellow oranges, red apples, bunches of grapes, bonbons, and cakes, till all were gone, and a double row of smiling faces turned toward her as the children filed back to their places in the orderly way they had been taught.Then each was led to her own tree by the good ladies who had helped mamma with all their hearts; and the happy hubbub that arose would have satisfied even Santa Claus himself,--shrieks of joy, dances of delight, laughter and tears (for sometender little things could not bear so much pleasure at once, and sobbed with mouths full of candy and hands full of toys). How they ran to show one another the new treasures! how they peeped and tasted, pulled and pinched, until the air was full of queer noises, the floor covered with papers, and the little trees left bare of all but candles!"I don't think heaven can be any gooder than this," sighed one small girl, as she looked about her in a blissful maze, holding her full apron with one hand, while she luxuriously carried sugar-plums to her mouth with the other."Is that a truly angel up there?" asked another, fascinated by the little white figure with the wreath on its shining hair, who in some mysterious way had been the cause of all this merry-making."I wish I dared to go and kiss her for this splendid party," said a lame child, leaning on her crutch, as she stood near the steps, wondering how it seemed to sit in a mother's lap, as Effie was doing, while she watched the happy scene before her. Effie heard her, and remembering Tiny Tim, ran down and put her arms about the pale child, kissing the wistful face, as she said sweetly, "You may; but mamma deserves the thanks. She did it all; I only dreamed about it."Lame Katy felt as if "a truly angel" was embracing her, and could only stammer out her thanks, while the other children ran to see the pretty spirit, and touch her soft dress, until she stood in a crowd of blue gowns laughing as they held up their gifts for her to see and admire.Mamma leaned down and whispered one word to the older girls; and suddenly they all took hands to dance round Effie, singing as they skipped.It was a pretty sight, and the ladies found it hard to break up the happy revel; but it was late for small people, and too much fun is a mistake. So the girls fell into line, and marched before Effie and mamma again, to say goodnight with such grateful little faces that the eyes of those who looked grew dim with tears. Mamma kissed every one; and many a hungry childish heart felt as if the touch of those tender lips was their best gift. Effie shook so many small hands that her own tingled; and when Katy came she pressed a small doll into Effie's hand, whispering, "You didn't have a single present, and we had lots. Do keep that; it's the prettiest thing I got.""I will," answered Effie, and held it fast until the last smiling face was gone, the surprise all over, and she safe in her own bed, too tired and happy for anything but sleep."Mamma, it was a beautiful surprise, and I thank you so much! I don't see how you did it; but I like it best of all the Christmases I ever had, and mean to make one every year. I had my splendid big present, and here is the dear little one to keep for love of poor Katy; so even that part of my wish came true."。
100部最经典悬疑推理小说
100部最经典悬疑推理小说100部最经典悬疑推理小说有哪些呢?下面是精心为您整理的100部最经典悬疑推理小说，希望您喜欢!100部最经典悬疑推理小说No.1 《福尔摩斯探案全集》(The Complete Sherlock Holmes) 阿瑟•柯南•道尔(著)推理小说中的圣经，也是每一个推理迷必备的案头书籍。
从《血字的研究》诞生到现在的一百多年间，福尔摩斯打遍天下无敌手，影响力早已越过推理一隅，成为人们心中神探的代名词。
一本老少皆宜的奇妙书籍，无数人凭它跨上推理之路。
No.2 《马耳他之鹰》(The Maltese Falcon)达希尔•哈米特(著)《马耳他之鹰》是号称“胜过海明威任何一部小说”的冷硬派第一名作，属于那种你可以不喜欢，却不可以不读的推理小说。
在兰登书屋20世纪百大英文小说上也排名第56位。
No.3 《爱伦坡短篇小说选集》(Tales of Mystery and Imagination)埃德加•爱伦•坡(著)虽然是推理小说的开山之作，但爱伦坡的几部短篇就算在今天看来也颇有特色。
作家能够利用短小的篇幅制造出缕缕不绝的悬疑之感，在严谨的逻辑推理之中融入奇幻情节，并用诡谲的文笔锦上添花，迄今也没几个短篇作家办得到。
从这个意义上说，爱伦坡永不过时。
No.4 《时间的女儿》(The Daughter of Time)约瑟芬•铁伊(著)铁伊是1930年代以来、推理史上第二黄金期三大女杰之一。
她一生只写有八部推理小说，部部精彩，是推理史上极少数一生没有任何失败作品的大师。
本书即是铁伊最著名的作品，属历史侦探小说范畴，曾在英国侦探小说作家协会票选中荣膺史上第一名。
No.5 《无罪的罪人》(Presumed Innocent)斯考特•杜罗(著)律师悬念小说的经典之作。
男主人公拉斯迪是一位资深且极为优秀的首席检查官，由于工作的关系经常接触到一些令人心痛的社会弊端以及各式各样的犯罪，为揭露司法制度的阴暗面，他暗中操纵，不惜以身试法……结局出人意想，绝对震撼!No.6 《冷战谍魂》(The Spy Who Came in from the Cold)约翰•勒•卡雷(著)《冷战谍魂》作为约翰•勒•卡雷的成名作，还没有他后来小说中挥之不去的暮气，显得创意超群。
零点小说阅读网站项目介绍
WEB开发新体验 MVC项目零点小说阅读网站系统使用说明学院：计算机科学与信息工程学院小说阅读网站需求分析报告1.1编写目的本说明书的编写目的，为了使开发人员明确用户需求，建立模型。
1.2背景说明：本网站的名称：小说阅读网站本网站的设计者：时秉杰本网站的用户:互联网民，主要是小说迷1.3参考资料软件需求说明书（GB856T----88）软件工程技术及应用——张贤坤百度文库2任务概述2.1目标方便用户看小说。
2.2用户的特点本网站适合各类小说爱好者2.3假定和约束1. 建议网站寿命：10年；2．进行系统方案选择比较时间：10天3. 硬件条件：pc机一台，服务器3台，局域网，inertnet4．软件条件：windows 7和xp，office办公软件，ie6浏览器等。
3需求规定3.1对功能的规定用户权限：本网站只包括小说阅读功能用户登录本网站可以通过点击选择和快速搜索两种途径寻找自己想要阅读的小说。
3.2对性能的规定3.2.1精度输入输出信息要求以字符串类型输入；3.2.2时间特性要求∙系统响应时间一般不超过5∙更新处理时间一般不超过5∙数据转换和传输时间在5秒以内3.2.3灵活性∙操作方式上支持输入汉字英语字母和数字，使用GB2312编码∙运行环境上可以使用windowsXP以上的操作系统；3.3数据管理能力要求说明需要管理的文卷和记录的个数、表和文卷的大小规模，要按可预见的增长对数据及其分量的存储要求作出估算。
3.4故障处理要求用户可以及时反映网站故障，将会定时维护网站。
3.5其他专门要求本网站有专门的维护方式，可以随时根据用户要求进行更新升级。
4运行环境规定4.1设备该网站所需要的硬设备。
包括：1.处理器要单核处理器以上；2.外存容量80G以上、联机均可；3.内存要1G以上4.2支持软件支持windowsxp级以上操作系统，4.3接口各网页模块之间是用超级链接和行为事件触发。
4.4控制各网页模块之间是靠表单提交和行为事件触发。
悬疑推理迷们必读的50部经典推理小说
No.0别推荐《窥龙图》这是一本很用心的小说，看得出作者笔力不凡，与当前味同嚼蜡的网络相比，真是判若云泥。
但不明白作者为什么选择网上发布，而没直接选择实体出版。
小说由三条线索互相缠绕，主线是男主人公与女盗贼的一路逃逸与解密；副线有两条，警察追捕和邪恶势力的追杀。
故事节奏紧迫，构思设伏巧妙，逻辑严谨。
唯一的缺憾是后面的章节可能有点费脑。
No.1 《福尔摩斯探案全集》阿瑟·柯南·道尔（著）推理小说中的圣经，也是每一个推理迷必备的案头书籍。
从《血字的研究》诞生到现在的一百多年间，福尔摩斯打遍天下无敌手，影响力早已越过推理一隅，成为人们心中神探的代名词。
一本老少皆宜的奇妙书籍，无数人凭它跨上推理之路。
No.2 《马耳他之鹰》达希尔·哈米特（著）《马耳他之鹰》是号称“胜过海明威任何一部小说”的冷硬派第一名作，属于那种你可以不喜欢，却不可以不读的推理小说。
在兰登书屋20世纪百大英文小说上也排名第56位。
No.3 《爱伦坡短篇小说选集》埃德加·爱伦·坡（著）虽然是推理小说的开山之作，但爱伦坡的几部短篇就算在今天看来也颇有特色。
作家能够利用短小的篇幅制造出缕缕不绝的悬疑之感，在严谨的逻辑推理之中融入奇幻情节，并用诡谲的文笔锦上添花，迄今也没几个短篇作家办得到。
从这个意义上说，爱伦坡永不过时。
No.4 《时间的女儿》约瑟芬·铁伊（著）铁伊是1930年代以来、推理史上第二黄金期三大女杰之一。
她一生只写有八部推理小说，部部精彩，是推理史上极少数一生没有任何失败作品的大师。
本书即是铁伊最著名的作品，属历史侦探小说范畴，曾在英国侦探小说作家协会票选中荣膺史上第一名。
No.5 《无罪的罪人》斯考特·杜罗（著）律师悬念小说的经典之作。
男主人公拉斯迪是一位资深且极为优秀的首席检查官，由于工作的关系经常接触到一些令人心痛的社会弊端以及各式各样的犯罪，为揭露司法制度的阴暗面，他暗中操纵，不惜以身试法……结局出人意想，绝对震撼！No.6 《冷战谍魂》约翰·勒·卡雷（著）《冷战谍魂》作为约翰·勒·卡雷的成名作，还没有他后来小说中挥之不去的暮气，显得创意超群。
中考小说阅读的常考题型及答题技巧
中考小说阅读的常考题型及答题技巧No.1小说三要素：情节、人物、环境把握好故事情节，是读懂小说的关键，是欣赏小说艺术特点的基础，也是整体感知文章的起点。
1.用一句话或简明的语句概括故事情节；2.文中共写了哪几件事，请依次加以概括；3.用填空的方式概括小说的部分内容（包括指出开端、发展、高潮和结局四部分中的某一方面）面对这种试题，我们该如何下手呢？①对事件的完整叙述必须按照何时何地何人做何事的格式加以概括。
②在概括时要避免前后情节的相互交错，还得注意事件涉及的对象，做到前后一脉贯通．No.2揣摩人物形象题型：①指出小说对人物进行描写的具体方法；②概括指出人物的性格特征；③对文中的人物进行客观公正的评析（包括作者自身对人物的态度和读者对人物的评价）。
小说是以塑造人物为中心的，人物塑造的方法有：①正面描写。
也叫直接描写，即通过直接地描写人物的肖像、行动、语言、心理、神态来揭示人物思想品质及性格特点，反映作品主题。
②侧面描写。
也叫间接描写。
即通过他人的言行间接写主人公。
面对这些题型，我们该如何解答呢？一般可从四方面揣摩：1.重视小说中的人物的身份、地位、教养、气质等，因为它们直接决定着人物的言行，影响着人物的性格。
2.通过人物的外貌、语言、行动、心理描写揭示人物的思想感情和性格特征。
人物肖像、动作描写：更好展现人物的内心世界、性格特征。
人物对话描写：刻画人物性格，反映人物心理活动，促进故事情节的发展。
也可描摹人物的语态，收到一种特殊的效果。
3.小说里的人物都是在一定的历史背景下活动的，所以分析人物就应把他们放在一定的历史背景下去理解。
4.注意作者对人物的介绍和评价。
结合内容具体分析人物的性格特征。
这类题的答题步骤：①答出描写人物的方法。
（肖像、语言、动作、心理；侧面描写）②答出这些方法的具体内容（找最能表现人物特点的重点词语和句子。
）③针对具体内容分析人物特点，注意从外在的肖像特点到内在的心里想法，再到精神品质。
斯蒂芬·茨威格小说悬念手法的运用
Vol.33No.1Jan.2012第33卷第1期2012年1月赤峰学院学报（汉文哲学社会科学版）Journal of Chifeng University （Soc.Sci ）斯蒂芬·茨威格非常注重小说激动人心的力量，他总会让故事情节富有悬念。
对此他有自己的理论：“只有一页页读过去，情节始终高涨不衰，一气呵成，直到最后一页都激动人心，令人喘不过气来的书才给我以充分的享受。
[1]”为此，斯蒂芬·茨威格甚至认为一些大师级的作家作品有的也不够精练，也仍然做得不够。
他以这样的审美标准评价别人，而自己本身也是按这个标准来做的。
斯蒂芬·茨威格的小说为了能抓住读者，他采用不同的方式来制造悬念，以使读者有种种审美期待，读者在不断的期特中被斯蒂芬·茨威格引入了他小说的内容。
其制造悬念的方式基本上有以下几种：一、开篇布谜小说开篇的好坏，直接影响到读者的接受程度。
小说不只是简单的叙述，它更需要各种精致的布局和设计。
同样的一个故事，有的作者笔下平平淡淡，有的作者笔下却能激起波澜，甚至波澜叠起，随后便精彩纷呈。
有的小说，作者开篇就给读者制造了一个谜，引发读者强烈的心理期待。
对于读者来讲，只要拿起斯蒂芬·茨威格的小说，心也很容易自然而然地被吸引。
我们不妨看以下两篇小说的开头：著名小说家R ·到山里去进行了一次为时三天的郊游之后，这天清晨返回维也纳，在火车站买了一份报纸。
他看了一眼日期，突然想起，今天是他的生日。
“四十一岁了。
”这个念头很快地在他脑子里一闪，他心里既不高兴也不难过。
他随意地翻阅一下沙沙作响的报纸的篇页，便乘坐小轿车回到他的寓所。
仆人告诉他，在他离家期间有两位客人来访，有几个人打来电话，然后用一个托盘把收集起来的邮件交给他。
他懒洋洋地看了一眼，有几封信的寄信人引起他的兴趣，他就拆开信封看看；有一封信字迹陌生，摸上去挺厚，他就先把它搁在一边。
这时仆人端上茶来，他就舒舒服服地往靠背椅上一靠，再一次信手翻阅一下报纸和几份印刷品；然后点上一支雪茄，这才伸手去把那封搁在一边的信拿过来。
初中语文中考小说阅读的常考题型及答题技巧
初中语文中考小说阅读的常考题型及答题技巧No.1、小说三要素：情节、人物、环境把握好故事情节，是读懂小说的关键，是欣赏小说艺术特点的基础，也是整体感知文章的起点。
1.用一句话或简明的语句概括故事情节；2.文中共写了哪几件事，请依次加以概括；3.用填空的方式概括小说的部分内容（包括指出开端、发展、高潮和结局四部分中的某一方面）面对这种试题，我们该如何下手呢？①对事件的完整叙述必须按照何时何地何人做何事的格式加以概括。
②在概括时要避免前后情节的相互交错，还得注意事件涉及的对象，做到前后一脉贯通．No.2、揣摩人物形象题型：①指出小说对人物进行描写的具体方法；②概括指出人物的性格特征；③对文中的人物进行客观公正的评析（包括作者自身对人物的态度和读者对人物的评价）。
小说是以塑造人物为中心的，人物塑造的方法有：①正面描写。
也叫直接描写，即通过直接地描写人物的肖像、行动、语言、心理、神态来揭示人物思想品质及性格特点，反映作品主题。
②侧面描写。
也叫间接描写。
即通过他人的言行间接写主人公。
面对这些题型，我们该如何解答呢？一般可从四方面揣摩：1.重视小说中的人物的身份、地位、教养、气质等，因为它们直接决定着人物的言行，影响着人物的性格。
2.通过人物的外貌、语言、行动、心理描写揭示人物的思想感情和性格特征。
人物肖像、动作描写：更好展现人物的内心世界、性格特征。
人物对话描写：刻画人物性格，反映人物心理活动，促进故事情节的发展。
也可描摹人物的语态，收到一种特殊的效果。
3.小说里的人物都是在一定的历史背景下活动的，所以分析人物就应把他们放在一定的历史背景下去理解。
4.注意作者对人物的介绍和评价。
结合内容具体分析人物的性格特征。
这类题的答题步骤：①答出描写人物的方法。
（肖像、语言、动作、心理；侧面描写）②答出这些方法的具体内容（找最能表现人物特点的重点词语和句子。
）③针对具体内容分析人物特点，注意从外在的肖像特点到内在的心里想法，再到精神品质。