四级语法辅导主谓一致、倒装复习总结

以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
• ① An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, is to be built here. • ② The professor, together with many of his students, is entering the meeting hall.
名词性分句作主语时的主谓一致
• 3. 在以what从句作主语的”主系表“结构中，主 句的谓动要以表语名词的单复数而定。 • ① What caused the accident is a complete mystery. • ② What his father left him are a few English books. • 4.在what从句所引导的”主系表“结构中，若从 句中具有两个以上的动词，主句中谓动应用复数。 What I say and think are none of your business.
主谓一致复习总结 四级问题
• 有些疾病的名称带有-s词尾，通常作单数用
– The measles（or mumps，rickets，smallpox， shingles）is a disease very common in this village．
• 表示游戏名称的名词通常作单数用
– Billiards（or Bowls，Dominos，Draughts）is my favorite game． – 但：Cards are not interesting to me．
以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
• 有些学科的名称，虽以-s结尾，却都作单 数；但若这类名词表示学科以外的其它意 义，便可以做复数用。
the number of做主语时，谓动用单数； a number of做主语时，谓动用复数。
The number of mistakes is surprising.
A number of books are missing from the library.
补充
1. 肯定 + 否定 + V. (如果主语是由肯定与否定组 合时，动词 与肯定主语一致。) e.g. It is I, not you, who am wrong. = It is I who am wrong, not you. 2. 地点副词（短语）+ V. + 主语 （此为倒装句型） e.g. Among the guests was standing John. = John was standing among the guests.
名词性分句作主语时的主谓一致
5. 如果what-分句本身明显表示复数意义，比 如what-分句的动词和补语都是复数，那么 主句动词也可用复数。 6. 由how and why, when and where引导的 从句做主语时，谓动仍用单数。 When and where we will have the meeting has not been decided.
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B.
不定代词做主语时的主谓一致 1.不定代词 each, another, the other, either, neither 和由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所构成的复 合代词做主语时，谓动用单数形式。
以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
1. 由and/both…and连接的并列结构作 主语时，谓动一般用复数。 如果意义上指同一个人、同一件事或 同一概念时，谓动要用单数。
The singer and writer is famous to everyone. A pen and book is what I need.
– My mathematics are poor． – The economics of this country are stable． – Such politics are foolish． – Such tactics are ridiculous．
以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
• 某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名， 尽管带有复数词尾，但系一政治实体，做 单数用； • 但如不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、 瀑布等地理名称，通常作复数用。
以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
2.当each…and each…,every…and every…,no…and no…,many a…and many a….等结构做主 语，谓语动词用单数形式。
以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
• ① No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. • 在月球上没有发现人和动物。 • ② Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with the work. • 许多医生和护士都在忙于他们的工作。
定语从句中的主谓一致问题
• 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式通常 依照先行词的形式而定。 先行词 + which + V. (动词与先行词一致 ) that
e.g. I, who am your friend, should help you. e.g. I will employ a boy who understands English.
2.当town, school, village等分别表示总称的 “镇民”、“全体师生”、“村民”时，谓动 用单复数均可。有时其前可用the或the whole 修饰。
①The whole school were/was sorry when she left. ②The whole town is/are in agreement about the plan.
非限定分句作主语的主谓一致问题
1. 动词不定式、-ing分词形式做主语，谓动用单数。 To learn English well is difficult.
2.以两个由 and连接的并列非限定分句做主语，如 表示两件事情，谓动用复数；如果指的是一件事， 动词用单数。 Reading three classical novels and making some social investigations are assignments for the students during the holiday.
以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
3. 由not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…,…or…等连接 的并列主语，谓动通常依据就 近原则。
以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
• 4. 当主语后面跟有由as much as,
rather than, more than, no less
than等引导的从属结构时，随后的动
词形式依据主语本身的单、复数形式 而定。
以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
5.当主语由 as well as, along with, together with, rather than, no less than, but, except, in addition to, like, including, besides等词连接时， 其谓动的单复数形式通常由这些词语 前的名词来决定。
① Neither of us has gone through regular training.
② Nobody wants to go there.
③ Something has been done to end the strike.
2. none of + 不可数名词——谓语动词用单数 形式；none of + 可数名词 ——谓语动词单 复均可，none 单独用，代表不可数名词，用 单数；代表复数时，可单可复。
以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
6. 一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两 个不同的概念时，谓动应用复数。 Ancient(古代）and modern history are the subjects we are studying.
但如果表示的是同一概念时，谓动应用单数
The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.
“the+形容词/过去分词做主语的主谓 一致
“the+形容词/过去分词”表示一 类人或事物时，谓动用复数；若 指某一抽象概念或个别人、事， 则用单数。
①The sick here are very well cared for. ②The true is to be told from the false.
3. all 做主语表示人时，谓动用复数； 若表物，谓动则用单数。
① All is well that ends well. ② All are eager to reach an agreement.
表示“全体”、“部分”等意义的词做主语 时的主谓一致（补充）
1. 当主语是 most, the rest, the last, the remainder 等时，谓动应依据of后 宾语的单复数而定。 ①Three of us will go, the rest are to stay here. ② After the big fire, the remainder is nothing.
集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题
• 有些有生命的集体名词，如cattle, police，people， youth, mankind, folk等做主语时，谓动常用复数。 • 无生命的词，如foliage(叶子），machinery(机械）， merchandise(商品、货物）等做主语时，谓动用单数。 • 还有一些集体名词如：audience, class, crew, committee, family, team, group, army, police等做主 语时，如指一整体，谓动用单数；如指全体中的每一个成 员，谓动则用复数。 • 如果主语是由“a committee of”等+复数名词，随后的动 词常用单数。