心理学翻译
心理学专业词汇英语翻译C~D
cardiocybernetics 心脏控制论 cardioexcitatory 兴奋心脏的 cardiogram 心动图 cardiograph 心动仪 cardiographic 心动描记的 cardiographic curve 心动描记曲线 cardiography 心动描记术 cardioinhibitor 心动抑制剂 cardiology 心脏学 cardiomotility 心脏活动 cardioneurosis 心脏神经症 cardiopalmus 心悸 cardiophobia 心脏病恐怖症 cardiophonogram 心音图 cardiophonography 心音描记法 cardiopneumograph 心肺运动描记器 cardioregulatory center 心脏调节中枢 cardiosphygmogram 心动脉博图 cardiosphygmograph 心动脉博描记器 cardiosphygmography 心动脉博描记法 cardiotachometer 心动频率计 cardiotachometry 心率记录法 cardiovascular disorder 心血管障碍 cardiovascular system 心血管系统 cardioaccelerator 心动加速剂 cardioacceleratory 心动加速的 cardioacceleratory center 心动加速中枢 cardioacceleratory mechanism 心动加速机制 cardioinhibitory 心动抑制的 cardioinhibitory center 心动抑制中枢 cardioinhibitory mechanism 心动抑制机制 cardiorespiratory ratio 心博呼吸比率 cardiaccelerator 心动加速剂 cardsorting test 卡片分类测验 care 小心 care of young 护幼 career 职业经历
心理学专业英语翻译
第五页定义“psychology”源于两个希腊词根Psyche”和“Logos”. “Psyche”的意思是“思Logos1991该研究什么和如何进行研究都存在着很大分歧。
心理学史哲学心理学家已经研究过的许多问题早在公元前5世纪就被希腊哲学家苏格拉底、1经验主义---2实证主义---该学派认为应该把科学的方法和原理应用于对人类行为的研究。
生物学生物学对心理学有两个重要影响。
1进化论—于研究和理解行为有很多重要的影响。
2 生理学—解起了关键作用。
物理学•这门学科因为它巨大的成就曾被心理学家们当作理想的模型。
他们曾借鉴物理学的科学方法和原究心理。
19他们的一些学科内容应用于对人1879年通常被说成是心理学作为一门独立的科学学科的开始。
因为在1879年冯特在莱比锡建立了第一个心理学实验室。
虽然冯特因此被称1890121875年他就开始在哈佛大学教授生理学与心理学之间关系的课程。
心理学的发展结构主义--,宣称那些构成心理活动的最基本的感觉单元共有46708功能主义--由詹姆士所提出的方法.是被接下来出现在世纪之交的两种非常有影响的方法代替。
精神分析--实际上是由奥地利的西德蒙德•弗洛伊德发展形成的一种治疗方法。
但是在很多著作中像《梦的解论们察觉不到的过程决定着。
行为主义--主义方法的形式发展起来。
他们认为行为主义忽视了在我们大脑里那些最重要的和最有意义的东西。
认知心理学--目的是通过使用计算机后且成为当今心理学的一支主流。
人本主义方法--体的意识经验和生活目标。
生物学--的有较高级的解释。
第六页心理分析的研究方法1.起源与历史心理分析主要是由在神经病学方面颇有造诣的维也纳医生西蒙﹒弗洛伊德创建并发展起来的。
弗洛伊德对癔症很感兴趣，认为它是非生理原因造成的身体疾病的表现形式，并且他相信不仅是癔症还有其他的紊乱症状甚至是“常态”人格也是由无意识心理原因造成的。
弗洛伊德发展出一种治疗技术，用于治疗由无意识引起的精神错乱。
心理学专业词汇英语翻译A~B
A埃A调幅A型性格A D 公元A factor A因素A factor 抽象因素A fair days work 合理的日工作量A light source A光源a posterior 后验的a posteriori 经验的A Q 成绩商数A reaction A反应A type personality A型人格A B XA chromosomeA SA typeAA成就年龄AAA急性焦虑发作abacus 算盘abacus 珠算abandonment of aged 弃老abandonment reaction 遗弃感abandonment threat 抛弃威胁abarognosia 辨重不能abase 自卑abasement 贬抑abasia 步瘫症abasia 步行失能ABBA order ABBAAbbe condenser 阿贝氏聚焦镜abbe effect 神父效应abbreviated drawing 简图abbreviated formula 简写式ABC method ABCABC of reaction time 反应时ABC ABC of sense impression 初步感觉印象abderite 愚笨者abdomen 腹部abdominal breath 腹内呼吸abdominal ganglion 腹神经节abdominal reflex 腹壁反射abdominal wall 腹壁abducent nerve 外展神经abduction 外展abductor 外展肌abecedarian 初学者abecedarian 字母的abepithymia 感情淡漠aberglaube 迷信aberrance 畸变aberrance 离轨aberrant behavior 异常行为aberrant 畸变aberration of light 光行差aberration rate 畸变率aberration 像差aberrometer 像差计abhor 憎恶abhorrence 憎恶abhorrent to reason 反理性的abhorrer 嫌恶者abient behavior 回避行为abient drive 回避驱力abient response 回避反应ability characteristics 能力特征ability compensation 能力补偿ability development 能力发展!能力发展ability distribution 能力分配ability group 能力组ability grouping 能力分组ability level 能力水平ability of cognizance 认知能力ability of imagination 想象力ability of managers 管理者的能力ability of memory 记忆力ability of taking criminal responsibility 刑事责任能力ability of thinking 思维能力ability rating 能力分等ability test 能力测验ability trait 能力特质ability taskability 能力abiogenesis 自然发生说abiogenist 自然发生论者abionergy 生活力缺损abiophysiology 无机生理学abiosis 生活力缺损abiotic surround 无生命环境abiotic 无生命的abirritation 应激性减弱Abklingen 残留感觉ablation 切除ablaze 激昂able bodiedablepsia 视觉缺失ablush 脸红ablutomania 清洗癖abmodality 感觉形态异常abmodality 异相abnegate 放弃abnegation 放弃abnerval current 离神经电流Abney effect 艾比尼效应abnormal behavior 变态行为abnormal behavior 异常行为abnormal child 异常儿童abnormal condition 异常条件abnormal curve 非常态曲线abnormal distribution 非正态分布abnormal end 异常终止abnormal fertilization 异常受精abnormal fixation 变态固著abnormal habitude 异常习惯abnormal impulse work 异常工作欲abnormal metabolism 异常代谢abnormal mind of convict 罪犯异常心理abnormal mind 异常心理abnormal personality 变态人格abnormal phenomena 异常现象abnormal psychology 变态心理学abnormal results 异常结果abnormal sensation 感觉异常abnormal series 非正规列abnormal sexual behavior 性行为异常abnormal sexuality 变态性欲变态性 abnormal spoilage 非正常损失abnormal time 异常时间abnormal 异常的abnormality 变态性abnormity 异常性ABO blood group ABOABO system ABOabolition of reflex 反射消失abominate 厌恶abomination 厌恶abominator 嫌恶者abort 发育不全abortion 流产abortive 发育不全的aboulia 丧志症aboulia 意志缺失aboulomania 意志缺失狂above threshold 阈上Abrahamsen sabreaction 情绪发泄abridged learning 简括学习abridgment of response 反应的精简abridgment of table 简化表格abrogate 扬弃abruption 断裂abscissa axis 横轴abscissa 横坐标abscission 截断abscission 切除absence of mind 心不在焉absence of restrictions 无约束absence 失神absent behavior 回避行为absent response 回避反应absent mindedabsent mindednessabsent mindednessabsenteeism 旷工absenteeism 缺席absentia epileptic 癫痫性失神absentia 失神absolute activity 绝对的活动absolute advantages 绝对优势absolute and relative 绝对和相对absolute atmosphere 绝对气压absolute being 绝对存在absolute brilliance limen 绝对明度阈限absolute certitude 绝对确定性absolute chance 绝对的偶然absolute choice 绝对选择absolute cognitive consciousness 绝对的认知意识absolute concept 绝对概念absolute construction 独立结构absolute difference 绝对差绝对差absolute discrimination 绝对辨别absolute dispersion 绝对离差绝对离差absolute diversity 绝对多样性absolute ego 绝对自我absolute electrostatic unit 绝对静电单位absolute equality 绝对平等absolute error 绝对误差absolute evaluation 绝对评价absolute existence 绝对存在absolute extremes 绝对极限absolute field 绝对区absolute freedom 绝对自由absolute grading standards 绝对评分标准absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute idea 绝对观念absolute identity 绝对同一absolute idiocy 完全白痴absolute impression 绝对印象absolute intelligence 绝对灵性absolute judgment 绝对判断absolute knowledge 绝对知识absolute lethal genes 完全致死基因absolute light threshold 绝对光觉阈限absolute limen 绝对阈限absolute localization 绝对定位absolute luminosity 绝对明度absolute magnitude 绝对量absolute mass unit 绝对质量单位absolute measurement 绝对测量absolute memory 绝对记忆absolute mind 绝对精神absolute morality 绝对道德absolute motion parallax 绝对运动视差absolute nothing 绝对空无absolute notion 绝对概念absolute number 绝对数absolute pitch 绝对音高absolute principle 绝对原则absolute property 绝对性质absolute reaction 绝对反应absolute reason 绝对理性absolute refractory period 绝对不应期absolute scale 绝对量表absolute scaling 绝对量表法absolute self 绝对自我absolute selfhood 绝对我性absolute sensitivity 绝对感受性absolute skepticism 纯粹怀疑论absolute space 绝对空间absolute specificity 绝对特性absolute spirit 绝对精神absolute symmetry 绝对对称absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute term 绝对项absolute threshold 绝对阈限absolute time 绝对时间absolute truth 绝对真理absolute value error 绝对值误差absolute value 绝对值absolute visual field 绝对视野absolute zero 绝对零点absolute 绝对absolutely infinite intellect 绝对无限的理智absolutely minimal design 绝对最小设计absolutely supernatural 绝对超自然absolutely unbiassed estimator 绝对无偏估计量absoluteness 绝对性absolutism 绝对论absolutism 专制主义absolutist 专制主义者absolutist 绝对论者absolutistic hypothesis 绝对论假设absolutization 绝对化absorb 承受absorb 吸收absorbability 可吸收性absorbable 可吸收的absorbing model 吸收模型absorption law 吸收律absorption 吸收absorption 专注abstemious 有节制的abstention 戒绝abstinence delirium 禁戒谵妄abstinence phenomenon 禁戒现象abstinence rule 禁戒规则abstinence 禁戒abstract ability 抽象能力abstract attitude 抽象态度abstract behavior 抽象行为abstract being 抽象的存在abstract category 抽象范畴abstract code 抽象码abstract concept 抽象概念abstract conception 抽象概念abstract conceptualization 抽象概念化abstract definition 抽象定义abstract drive 抽象驱力abstract entities 抽象本质abstract entities 抽象存在abstract generalization 抽象概论abstract ideal theory 抽象理想论abstract ideas 抽象观念abstract intelligence 抽象智力abstract knowledge 抽象知识abstract memory 抽象记忆abstract method 抽象法abstract model 抽象模型abstract names 抽象名称abstract number 抽象数abstract objects 抽象客体abstract perception 抽象知觉abstract reasoning 抽象推理abstract science 理论科学abstract set 抽象定势abstract space 抽象空间abstract term 抽象术语abstract thinking 抽象思维abstract thought 抽象思考abstract analogabstracted 抽象的abstracting power 抽象能力abstracting process 抽象化过程abstraction cognition 抽象认识abstraction experiment 抽象实验abstraction factor 抽象因素abstraction 抽象作用abstractness 抽象性absurd world 荒谬世界absurdity test 挑错测验absurdity 荒唐行为abulia 丧志症abulia 意志缺失abulomania 意志缺乏性精神障碍abundance motive 富裕动机abuse 妄用abysmal 深不可测的academia 学术界academic ability grouping 学科能力分组academic achievement predict 学术成就预测academic achievement test 学业成绩测验academic achievement 学术成就academic activities 学术活动academic aptitude test 学业能力倾向测验academic aptitude 学术能力倾向academic atmosphere 学业风气academic attainment 学力academic environment 学习环境academic freedom 学术自由学术自由academic grouping 学科分组academic intelligence 学术智力academic motivation 学习动机academic overachievement 学科高成就academic overachiever 学科高成就者academic problem 学术问题Academic Promise Test 学业前途测验academic psychology 经院心理学academic research 学术研究Academic Risk Taking Scale 学业冒险性行为量表academic success 学科成就academic underachievement 学科低成就academic underachiever 学科低成就者academic writing 学术著作Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine 身心医学学会acalculia 计算不能acalculia 失算症acarophobia 恐虫症acataleptic 智能缺陷的acatamathesia 理解力缺乏acataphasia 造句型失语症acatastasia 反常acathexis 精神贯注不能acathisia 静坐不能Acc R 成绩比率accelerated child 跳级学童accelerated curve 递升曲线accelerated natural process 加速的自然进程accelerated reaction 加速反应accelerated speech 加速言语accelerated student 跳级生accelerating center 加速中枢accelerating tolerance 加速度耐力acceleration center 加速中枢acceleration control tracking 加速控制追踪acceleration effect 加速度效应acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration of growth 加速生长acceleration of vibration 振动加速度acceleration trend 加速倾向acceleration 加速acceleration 速进制accelerator nerve 加速神经accelerometer 加速计accentuation 加强acceptability 可接受性acceptable hypothesis 可接受假设acceptable limit 允许界限acceptable quality level 可接受的品质水平acceptable variant 可接受的变换acceptable 可接受的acceptance latitude 接受幅度acceptance region 接受区域acceptance theory of authority 权威接受理论acceptance therapy 接受治疗法acceptance 接受acceptance 认可acceptant 易接受的accepted 认可的acceptor site 受体部位acceptor RNAacceptor 感受器access circuit 存取电路accessibility 可进入性accessibility 易接近accessible 易接近的accessory auditory nucleus 副听核accessory nerve 副神经accessory organ 副器官accessory pigment 辅色素accessory sense apparatusaccessory sex structures 副性结构accessory sound muscle 副发音肌accessory symptoms 附加症状accessory thyroid gland 副甲状腺accessory 附属的accident analysis 事故分析accident behavior 意外行为accident domino theory 事故多米诺说accident error 意外误差accident neurosis 事故性神经病accident prevention 事故预防accident proneness 事故倾向性accident rate 事故率accident reduction strategy 减少事故策略accident repeater 易肇事者accident stimulus 意外刺激accident proneaccident relatedaccident 事故accidental activation of controls 控制器的偶发启动accidental attribute 偶有属性accidental contingency of reinforcement 偶然后效强化accidental count 偶然计数accidental crisis 意外危机accidental error 偶然性误差accidental event 偶然事件accidental evolution 机遇性进化accidental fluctuation 偶然波动accidental form 偶然形式accidental generalization 偶然概括accidental homosexuality 偶然性同性恋accidental image 意外心像accidental movement 偶然变动accidental probability 偶然概率accidental property 偶有属性accidental proposition 偶然性命题accidental relations 偶然关系accidental resemblance 偶同accidental sameness 偶然的同一accidental sampling 随意抽样accidental teaching method 偶然教学法accidental variation 偶然变异accidentalism 偶然论acclimation to heat and cold 身体对冷热的适应acclimation 服水土acclimation 习服acclimatization 适应过程acclimatization 习服acclimatize 适应accommodate 调节accommodating 迁就accommodation of information 信息调节accommodation reflex 调适反射accommodation time 调适时间accommodation 调节accommodation 顺化accommodometer 调节计accompaniment 伴随物accompanying movement 伴发运动accomplishment quotient 成绩商数accomplishment rate 成绩比率accomplishment test 成绩测验accord development 和谐发展accord 和谐accordance 一致account 论述accountability 责任性accountable 可说明的accountable 有责任的accretion learning 附加学习acculturate 受同化acculturated trait 涵化特质acculturation 涵化accumulated error 累积误差accumulated value 累加值accumulation body 贮体accumulation hypothesis of impulse 冲动的积累假说accumulation level 累积水平accumulation method 累积法accumulation of rounding errors 舍入误差的积累accumulation 积累accumulative effect 累积效应accumulative estimation 累积估计accumulative perception 累积百分比accumulative play 累积型游戏accuracy in computations 计算正确性accuracy of action 动作的准确性accuracy of data 资料正确性accuracy of estimation 估计正确性accuracy score 正确分数accuracy test 准确性测验accuracy 准确性accurate inquiry 审问accurateness 正确度accusation 非难accuse 非难accustom 使习惯accustomization 适应ACE 肾上腺皮质浸膏acedia 淡漠性忧郁症acenesthesia 机体失认症acentric 非中枢的acerb 尖刻的acerbate 激怒acerbity 尖刻acerbral tonusacervulus 松果体石acetone body 酮体acetophenazine 乙酰非那嗪acetoxycycloheximide 乙酸环已基酰亚胺acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱脂酶Ach 乙酰胆碱achalasia 弛缓不能acharnement 残暴AChE 乙酰胆碱脂酶acheilous 无唇的achieved role 获得性角色achieved status 获得的地位achieved 获得的achievement age 成就年龄achievement battery 成就成套测验achievement difference of learning 学习成就的差异achievement drive 成就驱力achievement ethic 成就伦理成就伦理achievement identity 成就自认成就自认achievement index 成就指数achievement measure 成绩测量achievement motivation theories 成就动机理论achievement motivation 成就动机achievement motive 成就动机achievement need 成就需要achievement oriented 成就取向achievement quotient 成就商数achievement score 成就分数achievement test 成就测验achievement orientedachievement testachievement 成就Achillean 阿奇里斯般勇敢的Achilles reflex 阿奇里斯反射Achilles tendon reflex 跟腱反射achloropsia 绿色盲绿色盲achluophobia 黑暗恐怖症achondroplasia 软骨发育不全症achondroplastic dwarf 软骨发育不全性侏儒achrematopisa 全色盲achromasia 全色盲achromate 色盲者achromatic color 非彩色achromatic sensation 明暗感觉achromatic series 非彩色系列achromatic vision 非彩色视觉achromatic 非彩色的achromatin 非染色质非染色质achromatism 全色盲全色盲achromatognosia 色觉失认症achromatopia 全色盲achromatopsia 全色盲achromatous 无色的achromic 无色的acicula 针刺acid conditioned reaction 酸条件反应acid reaction 酸反应acid reflex 酸反射acinesia 运动不能acknowledge 承认acknowledgment 自认acme 顶点acmesthesia 尖锐感觉acoasma 耳鸣acoasma 幻听acoenesthesiaacolasia 病态放纵aconative 意向缺失aconuresis 小便失禁acoria 不饱症acortan 促皮质素acouasm 耳鸣acouasm 幻听acouesthesia 听觉acoumeter 听觉计acoumetry 听力测验法acousma 听幻觉acousmatagnosis 辨音不能acousmatamnesia 听觉性健忘症acoustic agnosia 听觉失知症acoustic analysor1 声音分析器acoustic aphasia 听觉性失语acoustic apparatus 听觉器官acoustic area 听觉区acoustic bearing 声向位acoustic code 声码acoustic coding 声音编码acoustic cue 听觉线索acoustic delay line 声延迟线acoustic epithelium 听上皮acoustic features 声学特征acoustic frequency generator 声频发生器acoustic frequency 声频acoustic ganglion 听神经节acoustic hypoesthesia 听觉减退acoustic information storage 听觉信息储存acoustic information 声音信息acoustic input device 声音输入装置acoustic labyrinth 听迷路acoustic memory 听觉记忆acoustic nerve 听神经acoustic phobia 恐音响症acoustic phonetics 听觉发音学acoustic pressure level 声压级acoustic pressure 声压acoustic radiation 听觉辐射acoustic reactance 声抗acoustic redundancy 听觉冗余性acoustic reflex 听觉反射acoustic resonance 共鸣acoustic shadow 声影acoustic spectrum 声谱acoustic spot 听斑acoustic stimuli 听觉刺激acoustic transmission system 声学传播系统acoustic facialacoustic lateralacoustic 声的acoustical conductivity 声导性acoustical interferometer 声干扰仪acoustical ohm 声欧姆acoustical resonator 共鸣器acoustical sensation 听觉acoustical signal 声音信号acoustical treatment 声学处理acoustical 声的acousticopalpebral reflex 声音眼睑反射acousticophobia 恐声音症acoustics 声学acoutometer 听力计听力计acquaint with data 熟悉数据acquaint 使熟悉acquaintance process 相识过程acquaintance 认识acquaintance 熟悉acquiesce 默许acquiescence 默从acquiescent responseacquire 取得acquired alexia 后天失读症acquired astigmatism 后天性散光acquired attitude 习得态度acquired behavior 习得行为acquired belief 习得信念acquired character 习得特性acquired characteristics 习得特性acquired cue value 获得线索值acquired deafness 后天性聋acquired dementia 后天痴呆acquired disease 后天病acquired distinctiveness of cues 线索的习得明显性acquired drive 获得内驱力acquired dyslexia 获得性阅读不能acquired epilepsy 后天性癫痫acquired equivalence of cues 线索习得等同性acquired idea 习得观念习得观念acquired incentive 习得激励acquired learning skill 习得的学习技能acquired need 习得需要acquired reflex 习得反射acquired releasing mechanism 获得性释放机制acquired releasing schema 获得性释放构系acquired resistance 获得抗病性acquired response 习得反应acquired role 习得角色acquired tendency 获得倾向acquired trait 获得的特质acquired 习得的习得的acquirement 学识学识acquiring knowledge thoroughly 贯通acquisition curve 习得曲线acquisition model 获得模式acquisition of sex typeacquisition of skill 技能习熟acquisition test 习得检查acquisition 获得获得acquisitive curve 习得曲线acquisitive impulse 贪得的冲动acquisitive instinct 获取本能acquisitive society 贪得的社会acquisitiveness 获取性获取性acragnosis 肢体感觉缺失acritical 不批评的acroaesthesia 肢端敏感症acroagnosia 肢端失知症acroanesthesia 肢端麻木acrodynia 肢痛症acroesthesia 感觉过敏症acrognosis 肢体感acrokinesia 运动过多acrokinesis 肢端动觉acromania 重躁狂acromegaly 末端肥大症acromegaly 肢端过大acromicria 先天肢端畸小acromyotonia 肢肌强直acroneurosis 肢体神经官能症acroparalysis 肢麻痹acroparesthesia 肢端感觉异常acrophobia 高处恐怖症acrophobia 恐高症acroteric 末梢的act and reaction 作用与反作用act assessment 动作评定act frustration 行动挫折act of attention 注意集中act of categorization 分类活动act of faith 信仰行动act of god 不可抗力act psychologyact habitact 行动ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素actin 肌动蛋白acting in 动作显露acting out 行acting teaching 主动教学法actinomycin 放线菌素放 菌素actinoneuritis 放射性神经炎action and counteraction 作用与反作用action at distance 超距作用action by contact 接触作用action compulsive 动作强迫性action concept 动作概念动作概念action current reflex 动作电流反射action current 动作电流动作电流action development 动作发展action error 动作误差action exercise 动作练习action feedback 动作反馈action form 动作形式action frame of reference 参考行动架构action group 行动群体action imitation 动作模仿action interpretation 动作解释action language 动作语言action modeling 动作示范action need 活动需要action of stereotype 刻板动作action orientation 动作定向action pattern 动作模式action potential 动作电位action principle 作用量原理action profile 行动剖析action reports 执行报告action research 行动研究action set 动作定势action space 行为空间action stability 动作稳定性action system 动作系统action tendencies 行动倾向action theory 活动说action thinking 动作思维action time 动作时间action triggered language 动作引发的语言action unit 动作单元action zone 主动区action orientedaction orientedaction specificaction timeaction 动作activate 激活activated epilepsy 诱发性癫痫activated sleep 活动性睡眠activated stateactivating system 激动系统activation center 激活中心activation energy 活化能activation index 活化指数activation level 激活水平activation of learning motivation 学习动机的激发activation pattern 激动模式activation process 激活过程activation ratio 活化比activation theory of emotion 情绪激活理论activation theory 激活理论activation synthesisactivation 激活activational effect 引发性效应activator 激活剂active adaptation 活动性适应active analysis 活动分析active analytic psychotherapy 主动分析心理治疗法active articulator 积极发音器官active attention 活动注意active avoidance 积极躲避active avoidance 主动回避active castration complex 主动阎割情结active center 活力中心active complex 活动情结active consciousness 主动意识active constraint 起作用的约束active delirium 躁狂性谵妄active directive 积极教导active electrodeactive element 主动元素active euthanasia 主动安乐死active exercise 自动运动active fantasying 主动幻想治疗active forgetting 自动遗忘active homing 主动接近active imagination 主动想象力active inhibition 主动抑制active intellect 能动的智慧active language 主动语言active learning 积极学习active living process 能动的生命过程active negativism 主动抗拒性active orientation 主动取向active participation 主动参与active potency 主动潜能active principle 主动原则active public 积极的公众active qi gong 动气功active reaction 主动反应active reason 能动的理性active recall 主动回忆active region 作用区active responding 积极反应active role 积极任务active schedule 活动一览表active search theory 主动探索理论active set 作用集active site 活性部位active sleep theory 主动睡眠理论active society 积极的社会active speech 主动言语active stimulus 有效刺激active testimony 主动作证主动作证active therapy 主动疗法active transfer 主动传递active type 活泼型active variable 主动变量active vocabulary 主动词汇active passiveactive resistiveactive 活动性activeness 主观能动性activism 能动性activist point of view 能动主义观点activist psychology 能动心理学activist 行为能动论者activity analysis problem 行动分析问题activity analysis 活动分析activity cage 活动笼activity concept 活动概念activity curriculum 活动课程activity cycle 活动周期activity dimension 活动维度activity drive 活动驱力activity factor 活动因素activity inventory 活动记录activity learning 活动学习activity level method 动量法activity level 活动水平activity log 活动日志activity method of teaching 活动教学法activity need 活动需求activity of personalityactivity optimization 活动方式最佳化activity pattern 活动模式activity quotient 活动商数activity rating 活动评等activity sampling 活动抽样activity system 活动系统activity theory of aging 老年活动论activity theory of learning 学习活动论activity theory 活动论activity therapy 活动疗法activity dependentactivity groupactivity interviewactivity playactivity wheelactivity wheelactivity 活动actograhy 动作记录法actograph 动作记录器actometer 活动度测量计actor observeractor 男演员actor 行事者actual anxiety 真实性焦虑actual being 实在actual conflict 真实冲突actual entity 现实实有actual frequency 实际频率actual hour 实际时间actual leader 实际领袖actual life 实际寿命actual limit 实际限度actual measurement 真实量度actual mechanical process 实际操作过程actual neurosis 真实神经症actual number 实际数actual numerical value 实际数值actual parameter 实际参数actual population 实际人口actual power 有效功率actual range 实际范围actual rate of growth 实际增长率actual self 现实我actual survey work 实际调查工作actual survey 实际调查actual time 实际时间actual value 实际值actual working rate 实际劳动率actual 真实的actualism 现实主义actualist 现实论者actuality philosophy 现实哲学actuality 现实性actualization 现实化actualized reason 实现了的理性actualizing therapy 实现治疗法actuarial prediction 统计预测actuation 开动actuator 执行机构acuity 敏度aculeus 皮刺acumen 敏锐acumeter 听觉计acupuncture anesthesia 针刺麻醉acupuncture 针灸术acute alcoholic hallucinosis 急性酒精幻觉症acute alcoholic intoxication 急性酒精中毒acute alcoholism 急性酒精中毒acute anxiety 急性焦虑acute brain syndrome 急性脑综合症acute confusional state 急性困惑状态acute confusional 急性精神错乱acute dementia 急性痴呆acute depression 急性抑郁症acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 急性感染后脑脊髓炎acute distress syndrome 急性忧伤综合症acute effect 急性效应acute experiment 急性实验acute fatigue 急性疲劳acute hallucinatory mania 急性幻觉性躁狂acute hallucinatory paranoia 急性幻觉性妄想狂acute hallucinosis 急性幻觉症acute hunger state 急性饥饿状态acute intoxication 急性中毒acute mania 急性躁狂acute paranoia 急性偏执狂acute postinfection encephalom yelitis 急性感染后脑脊髓炎acute psychogenic reaction 急性心因性反应acute psychosis 急性精神症acute psychotic episodeacute schizophrenia 急性精神分裂症acute schizophrenic episode 急性精神分裂症性插话acute situation reaction 急性情境反应acute stress reaction 急性压力反应acute 急性的acyanoblepsia 蓝色盲ad absurd reasoning 归谬推理ad hoc hypothesis 特设性假设ad hoc rule 特定规则ad hoc way 特定方式ad hoc 特别AD 平均差adage 谚语Adami sAdams Stokesadaptability test 适应性测验adaptability 适应性adaptability 顺应性adaptable 适应性强的adaptation character 适应特性adaptation level 适应水平adaptation level theory 适应水平论adaptation norm 适应规范adaptation reaction 适应性反应adaptation response 适应性反应adaptation syndrome 适应综合症adaptation theory 适应论适应论adaptation time 适应时间adaptation to darkness 暗适应adaptation to end 适应目的adaptation to imprisonment 监狱适应adaptation tolerance 适应耐性adaptation trial 适应尝试adaptation 适应adapted culture 适应性文化adapted information 适应性知识adapted 适应的adapter molecule 衔接分子adapter 转接器adaption 适应adaptive act 适应活动Adaptive Behavior Scale 适应行为量表adaptive behavior 适应行为adaptive capacity 适应能力adaptive character 适应特性adaptive coloration 适应色adaptive compensation 适应补偿adaptive conformity 适应性从众adaptive control 适应性控制adaptive convergence 趋同适应adaptive crisis 适应危机adaptive decision makingadaptive delinquency 适应型犯罪adaptive differentiationadaptive dispersion 适应分散adaptive evolution 适应进化adaptive facultyadaptive feedback control 适应性反馈控制adaptive flexibility 适应的灵活性adaptive form 适应类型adaptive mechanism 顺应机制adaptive norm 适应规范adaptive optimal control 最优适应adaptive optimization 适应最优化adaptive peak 适应高峰adaptive phase 适应阶段adaptive process 适应过程adaptive program 适应性程adaptive reaction 适应反应adaptive regression 适应退化adaptive sampling 适应性抽样adaptive selection 适应选择adaptive strategy 适应策略adaptive strategy 因应策略adaptive subsystem 顺应子系统adaptive testing 适应性测验adaptive time 适应时间adaptive training 适应训练adaptive value 适应值adaptive 适应的adaptivity 适应性adaptometer 适应测量器ADC 线索的习得明显性ADD 注意缺失紊乱add pulse 加法脉冲addaverter 方法转换器addict 成瘾者addiction research 反毒瘾研究addiction 成瘾addiction 嗜好addictive behavior 成瘾行为addictive personality 毒瘾性格addictive personality6 成瘾人格adding mechanism 加法机制adding model 总和论Addison sadditament 附加物addition mixture 加法混色addition of class 类的加法addition of probabilities 概率的加算addition test 加算测验addition 加法additional pollution 增添污染additive color mixture 相加混色additive effect 累加效应additive factors method 附加因素法additive factors 附加因素additive mixture 相加混色additive model 相加模型additive operation 加法运算additive process 加法过程additive property of chi square additive property 可加性additive reaction 加成反应additive scale 相加量表additive 附加的additivity of means 平均数可加性additivity of probability 概率可加性additivity of X 2additivity 可加性adduce 引证adduction 内受作用ADEM 急性感染后脑脊髓炎adenalgia 腺痛adenasthenia 腺机能衰弱adendritic 无树突的adenectomy 腺切除术adenectopia 腺异位adenitis 腺炎adenocarcinoma 腺癌adenocele 腺囊肿adenohypersthenia 腺机能亢进adenohypophysis 腺性垂体adenoma 腺瘤adenoncus 腺肿大adenoneural 腺神经的adenopathy 腺病adenosine diphosphate 二磷酸腺苷adenosine triphosphate 腺苷三磷酸adenosine 腺苷adenosis 腺病adequacy 适合性adequate cause 充分动因adequate response 适当反应adequate sample 适足样本adequate stimulus 适度刺激adequate variability 适应变异性adequate variation 适应变异ADH 抗利尿激素adiaphanous 不透明的adiaphorism 中庸adience 接近趋向adient behavior 趋近行为adient response 趋近反应adipose cell 脂肪细胞adipose gland 脂腺adipose tissue 脂肪组织adiposis 肥胖症adipsia 不渴症adipsia 失饮症adjacency 接近性adjacent association 邻近联想Adjective Check List 形容词检核表adjective check list 形容词检选表adjective gland 附加腺adjourning 中止阶段adjunctive behavior 附属行为adjunctive program 补充作业adjunctive 附属性质adjust 调整adjustable mask 可调屏幕adjusted rate 修正率adjusted solution 调整溶液adjustment disorder 适应性疾病adjustment failure 适应失败adjustment inventory 适应量表adjustment level 顺应水平adjustment mechanism 调整机制adjustment mechanism 适应方式adjustment method 调整法adjustment phase 调整期adjustment procedure 适应法adjustment process 调整过程adjustment reaction 适应反应adjustment system 调整系统adjustment time 调整时间adjustment to school 学校适应adjustment 调整adjustment 适应adjustor 调整器adjustor 适应器顺应器adjutant therapy 辅助治疗法Adler sAdlerian groups 阿德勒团体Adlerian psychology 阿德勒心理学Adlerian psychotherapy 阿德勒心理治疗法adlumidine 紫罂粟次碱adlumine 紫罂粟碱admeasure 分配adminicle 辅助administer 管理administration behavior 管理行为administration by different levels 分级管理administration function of test 测验的管理功能administration route 处理途径administration section 管理部门administration 管理administration 行政Administrative Aptitude Test 行政职业能力测验administrative channel 行政渠道administrative control 行政控制administrative function of test 测验的管理功能administrative man 管理人administrative organization 管理机构administrative organization 行政组织administrative procedure 管理程序administrative reliability 施测信度administrative staff 管理人员administrative unit 行政单位administrator 管理人员admiration 羡慕admissibility 容许性admissible action 容许行动admissible condition 容许条件admissible control 容许控制admissible error 容许误差admissible hypothesis 容许假设admissible mark 及格分数admissible mark 容许符号admissible parameter 容许参数admissible test 容许检定admission age 入学年龄admission criteria 录取标准admission qualification 入学资格admission requirement 入学标准admission 容许进入admit 容许admittance 接纳admonition 告诫adnerval 近神经的adolescence moratorium 青年期延缓adolescence 青年期adolescent age 青年期adolescent behavior 青少年行为adolescent characteristics 青年期特征adolescent crisis 青年期危机adolescent culture 青年文化adolescent dementia 青春期痴呆adolescent depression 青年期抑郁adolescent development 青少年发展。
心理学名词翻译
[名词委审定]汉英心理学名词5-羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT, s erotoninA 型行为类型type A behavior patternB 型行为类型type B behavior patternC 型行为类型type C behavior pattern F 分布F distributionF 检验F testP 物质substance P, SPP300 波P300 wavePM 理论PM theoryT型迷津T mazeX 理论theory XY 理论theory YY型迷津Y mazeZ 理论theory Z[对]人知觉person perception[视觉]变形小屋distorted room[心理]咨询counselingt 分布t distributiont 检验t testz 分数z scorez 检验z testⅠ型错误type ⅠerrorⅡ型错误type Ⅱerror［人格］表面特质surface trait［人类］工效学ergonomics［婴儿的］单词语holophraseα波α waveβ波β waveγ-氨基丁酸γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA δ波δ waveθ波θ waveφ系数φ coefficientχ2分布chi-square distributionχ2检验chi-square testχ2可加性additivity of chi-squareψ现象ψ-phenomenon阿德勒心理学Adlerian psychology阿德勒心理治疗Adlerian psychotherap y艾宾豪斯错觉Ebbinghaus illusion艾森克人格问卷Eysenck Personality Q uestionnaire, EPQ爱德华兹个人爱好量表Edwards Person al Preference Schedule, EPPS爱好preference安全标准safety criterion安全分析safety analysis安全工程safety engineering安全评价safety evaluation安全心理学safety psychology安全训练safety training安慰剂placebo安慰剂效应placebo effect暗示suggestion暗示性suggestibility暗示治疗suggestive therapy暗适应dark adaptation暗适应曲线dark adaptation curve暗视觉scotopic vision奥地利学派Austrian school巴宾斯基反射Babinski reflex巴黎学派Paris school靶细胞target cell白板说theory of tabula rasa白质white matter百分等级percentile rank伴随性负电位变化contingent negative variation, CNV半规管semicircular canal剥夺deprivation保持retention保持曲线retention curve保持性复述maintenance rehearsal保健health care保守性聚焦conservative focusing饱和度saturation抱负水平aspiration level暴露疗法exposure therapy背根dorsal root背景音乐background music贝利婴儿发展量表Bayley Scales of Inf ant Development贝叶斯定理Bayes' theorem倍音overtone备择假设alternative hypothesis被动-攻击性人格passive-aggressive pe rsonality被害妄想persecutory delusion被试变量subject variable本能instinct本能冲动instinctive impulse本能论instinct theory本能行为instinctive behavior本体感受proprioception本我id本族语native language比较认知comparative cognition比较水平comparison level比较心理学comparative psychology 比率量表ratio scale比率智商ratio intelligence quotient比内-西蒙智力量表Binet-Simon Scale of Intelligence比赛心理定向mental orientation in co mpetition比赛型运动员competition type athlete 比赛自我意象self-image in competitio n毕生发展观life-span perspective闭环控制closed-loop control; 具有反馈信息的控制［过程］。
心理学专业词汇翻译(A-B)
activation index 活化指数
activation level 激活水平
activation of learning motivation 学习动机的激发
activity pattern 活动模式
activity quotient 活动商数
activity rating 活动评等
activity sam 活动系统
active sleep theory 主动睡眠理论
active society 积极的社会
active speech 主动言语
active stimulus 有效刺激
active testimony 主动作证主动作证
active forgetting 自动遗忘
active homing 主动接近
active imagination 主动想象力
active inhibition 主动抑制
active intellect 能动的智慧
active reaction 主动反应
active reason 能动的理性
active recall 主动回忆
active region 作用区
active responding 积极反应
active attention 活动注意
active avoidance 积极躲避
active avoidance 主动回避
active castration complex 主动阎割情结
active center 活力中心
心理学专业词汇英语翻译(A-B)
action error 动作误差
心理学英语教程 例句 翻译
1.心理学是研究心理现象的一门科学，主要研究个体心理，包括认知、情绪、动机、能力和人格等，也研究团体和社会心理。
Psychology is the science of studying psychological phenomenon, mainly research in the individual psychology, including cognition , emotion , motivation, ability and personality,etc , also in the study of group and social psychology.2.结构心理学是心理学的第一个学派，包括感觉、意象和感情三个基本元素。
结构心理学主张心理学应该研究人们的直接经验，即意识。
Structure psychology is the first school of psychology , including three basic elements, feeling, image and emotion. Structure psychology asserts that psychology should be in the study of the direct experience from people , namely consciousness.3.美国著名的心理学家william james是机能心理学的创始人；他认为心理学应该研究心理在适应环境方面的功能、作用；机能心理学认为意识是一种持续不断、川流不息，即意识流。
William James , the famous American psychologist, is the founder of the functionalpsychology; He thought: psychology should be in the study of the function and effect of mind in the aspect of adapting to the environment ; Functional psychology thought that consciousness is a constant and flowing thing , namely the stream of consciousness.4.美国心理学家华生于1913年创立了行为心理学；华生认为心理学不应该研究意识，而应该研究可观察的、可测量的行为。
教育心理学基本术语汉英对照
教育心理学基本术语汉英对照总论学派、学说、学科S-O-R：stimulus-organism-response；S-R：stimulus-response；变态心理学：abnormal psychology；差异心理学：differential psychology；场心理学：field psychology；德育心理：psychology of moral education；发展理论：developmental；格式塔心理学：Gestalt psychology；个体心理学：individual psychology；构造主义：structuralism；关系转换说：transposition theory；官能心理学：faculty psychology；环境论：environmentalism；机能主义：functionalism；激进建构主义：Radical constructivism；建构主义：constructivism；教师心理：psychology of teacher；教学心理学：instructional psychology；教育心理学：educational psychology；教育语言学：educational linguistics；经验概括说（亦称“经验泛化说”）：theory of experience generalization；精神分析：psychoanalysis；联结主义：connectionism；联想心理学：association psychology；内省主义：introspectionism；情境性学习：situated learning；人本主义心理学：humanistic psychology；人格理论：personality theories；人格心理学：psychology of personality；认知心理学：cognitive psychology；认知—行为理论：theories of cognition-behaviorism；认知与组织论：cognitive-organizational theories；社会建构主义：Social constructivism；社会学习理论：social learning theory；生理心理学：physiological psychology；实验心理学：experimental psychology；数学教学心理学：psychology of mathematics teaching；相同要素说：identical elements theory；心理学派：school of psychology；心理语言学：psycholinguistics；信息加工的建构主义：information-processing constructivism；行为科学：behavior sciences；行为与联想论：behavioral-associationist theories；行为主义：behaviorism；形式训练说：theory of formal discipline；学科教学心理学：psychology of subjects teaching；学习的信息加工模型：information processing models of learning；学习理论（学习论）：theories of learning；心理学一般概念保持：retention；表象：image；抽象思维：abstract thinking；催眠术：hypnotism；错觉：illusion；大脑皮层：cerebral cortex；发散思维：divergent thinking；分析：analysis；感觉：sensation；感觉适应：sensory adaptation；感情：feeling；个性：individuality；归纳推理：inductive reasoning；回忆：recall；鸡尾酒会现象：cocktail-part phenomenon；集中思维：convergent thinking；记忆：memory；焦虑：anxiety；具体思维：concrete thinking；可逆性图形（双关图）：reversible figure；类比思维：analogical thinking；类比推理：analogical reasoning；气质：temperament；情调：sentimental tone；情感：affect；情绪：emotion；全或无定律：all-or-none law；人格：personality；人工智能：artificial intelligence；思维：thinking；随意注意：voluntary attention；态度：attitude；统觉团：apperception mass；先天愚型：mongolism；想象：imagination；性格：character；演绎推理：deductive reasoning；遗忘：forgetting；意识：consciousness；意识过程：consciousness processes；意识阈：consciousness threshold；再认：recognition；知觉：perception；综合：synthesis；神经元：neuron；心理（的）：psychology 、mind、mental；心理学研究方法与技术变量：variable；变量间交互作用：interaction between variables；操作定义：operational definition；刺激-反应研究：S-R research；道德两难情境：moral dilemmas；调查表：inventories；调查法：survey method；反应-反应研究：R-R research；个案研究法：case-study method；观察法：observational method；横向研究：cross-sectional research；霍桑效应：Hawthrone effect；基础科学研究：basic-science research；假设：hypothesis；交谈法：interview method；控制联想：controlled association；控制组：control group；迷津：maze；迷箱：puzzle box；描述性研究：descriptive research；内省：introspection；潜伏学习实验：latent-learning experiment；实验法：experimental method；实验室实验法：laboratory experimental method；实验组：experimental group；投射技术：projective techniques；外推的基础科学研究：extrapolated basic-science research；问卷：questionnaires；无意义音节：nonsense syllable；相关研究：correlational research；学习曲线：learning curve；因变量：dependent variable；因果关系：cause-and-effect relationships；因素分析：factor analysis；中介变量：intervening ；自变量：independent variable；自然实验：natural experiment；自由联想：free association；纵向研究：longitudinal research；发展心理与个别差异发展心理安全依恋：secure attachment；成年期：adulthood；成熟：maturation；惩罚与服从定向：punish-obedience orientation；代沟：generation gap；道德判断：moral judgment；动作式表征：enactive representation；儿童期：childhood；发展：development；法律与秩序定向：law and order orientation；繁衍对停滞：generativity versus stagnation；符号式表征：symbolic representation；感知运动阶段：sensori-motor stage；工具性-相对论者定向（亦称“朴素的利己主义定向”）：instrumental-relativist orientation；关键期：critical period；好孩子定向（亦称“使他人愉快和帮助他人定向”）：good boy/nice girl orientation；后习俗水平：post-conventional level；回避依恋：avoidance attachment；焦虑依恋：anxious attachment；具体运算阶段：concrete operational stage；可逆性：reversibility；狼孩：feral children；恋父情结：Electra complex；恋母情结：Oedipus complex；普遍的道德原则定向：universal ethical principle orientation；契约性墨守法规定向：contractual legalistic orientation；前习俗水平：pre-conventional level；前运算阶段：preoperational stage；亲密对孤独：intimacy versus isolation；勤奋对自卑：industry versus inferiority；青春期：puberty；青年期：adolescence；权威父母：authoritative parents；群集：grouping；少年期：preadolescence；守恒：conservation；双重建构：double construction；顺应：accommodation；他律道德：heteronomy morality；胎儿期：fetus period；同化：assimilation；同一性：identify；同一性对角色混乱：identify versus confusion；同一性混乱：identify confusion；同一性危机：identify crisis；图式：schema；吸吮反射：sucking reflex；习得的性格：acquired character；习俗水平：conventional level；肖像式表征：iconic representation；信任对不信任：trust versus mistrust；形式运算阶段：formal operational stage；性成熟：sex maturation；性心理发展：psychosexual development；依恋：attachment；婴儿期：infancy；友谊模式：friendship patterns；幼儿期：preschool period；运算：operations；主动对内疚：initiative versus guilt；抓握反射：grasp reflex；专制父母：authoritarian parents；自律道德：autonomous morality；自我完善对失望：integrity versus despair；自主对羞怯或怀疑：autonomy versus shame and doubt；个别差异A型性格：style A character；B型性格：style B character；场独立性：field independence；场依存性：field dependence；成绩不足：underachievement；成绩超常：overachievement；成熟迟滞：maturational lag；冲动性认知方式（冲动型）：impulsive cognitive style；发展迟滞：developmental delay；反省性认知方式（沉思型）：reflective cognitive style；个别差异：individual differences；孤僻症（孤独症）：autism；活动过度：hyperactivity；计算障碍：dyscalculia；晶体智力：crystallized intelligence；流畅性：fluency；流动智力：fluid intelligence；慢速学习者：slow learner；能力：ability；能力倾向：aptitude；轻度智力迟钝：mild mental retardation；情绪智力（往往被错译为“情商”）：emotional intelligence；缺陷学生：handicapped students；认知方式：cognitive style；失语症：aphasia；书写障碍：dysgraphia；特殊儿童：exceptional children；习得的性能（亦称“习得的素质”）：learned capabilities；性别差异：sex differences；学习成绩不良者：underachiever；学习成绩优秀者：overachiever；学习方式：learning style；学习能力缺失：learning disabilities；学习障碍：learning handicapped；严重智力落后：profound mental retardation；智力：intelligence；智力落后：mental retardation；学习心理学习论与学习类别策略性知识：strategy knowledge；产生式：production；陈述性知识：declarative knowledge；程序性知识：procedural knowledge；顿悟式学习：insight learning；发现学习：discovery learning；符号学习：sign learning；归纳学习：inductive learning；合作学习：cooperative learning；机械学习：rote learning；接受学习：reception learning；默会知识：tacit knowledge；启发式教学：heuristic method；启发：elicitation；生成学习：generative learning；试误式学习：trial-and-error learning；探究性学习：inquiry learning；同化论：assimilation theory；显性知识：explicit knowledge；学会学习：learning to learn学习：learning；研究性学习（国外心理学中无与之对应的术语，只是有几个概念与我国学者所指的研究性学习含义相近。
心理学专业词汇英语翻译R
R 反应R class 反应类R correlation R相关R factor 推理因素R method R法R variable 反应变量rabbit 兔子rabies 狂犬病race 种族race attitude 种族态度race difference 种族差异race discrimination 种族歧视race diversity 种族差异性race prejudice 种族偏见race psychology 种族心理学race relation 种族关系racial difference 种族差别racial discrimination 种族歧视racial diversity 种族差异性racial identity 种族认同racial inheritance 种族遗传racial memory 种族记忆racial mixture 种族混合racial prejudice 种族偏见racial unconscious 种族潜意识racialism 种族主义racialist 种族主义者racism 种族歧视radar 雷达radial 半径radial method of rotation 半径轴转法radiance 光亮度radiant emittance 辐射发散度radiant flux 辐射束radiant heat method 热传导法radiant intensity 辐射强度radiant reflectance 辐射反射率radiantive heat transfer coefficient 辐射热传递系数radiate 辐射radiation 放射radiation genetics 放射遗传学radiation therapy 放射疗法radiation induced aberration 辐射诱导畸变radical behaviorism 激进行为主义radical idea 激进思想radical therapy 彻底治疗法radicalism 激进主义radio advertising 广播广告radioaction 放射性反应radioactive substance 放射物质radiobiology 放射生物学radiocardiogram 放射心电图radiocardiography 放射心电描记法radioelectrocardiogram 放射心电图radioelectrocardiograph 放射心电描记法放射心电描记法radioelectronics 无线电电子学radioelement 放射性元素radioencephalogram 放射脑电图radioencephalography 放射脑电描记法放射脑电描记法radiogenetics 辐射遗传学radioisotope 放射性同位素radiology 放射学radiolucent 射线可透过的radioman 无线电技师radiometer 辐射仪radiophobia 射线恐怖症radiophysics 放射物理学radiophysiology 放射生理学radioreaction 放射反应radioreceptor 放射性受体radiosensitive 对辐射敏感的radiosensitivity 辐射敏感性radiostimulation 辐射刺激作用radiosusceptibility 辐射易感性radiotherapeutics 放射疗法radiotherapy 放射疗法radiothermy 热放射疗法radium 镭radium therapy 放射疗法radius 半径rage 愤怒Ragoni Scina contrast 拉高尼 西纳方形对比railroad nystagmus 铁道性眼振railroadphobia 恐火车症railway illusion 铁路错觉Raleigh equation 拉雷方程Raman shift 瑞曼移动rament 气质激素说rami cardiaci 迷走神经心支rami gastrici 迷走神经胃支ramification 分枝random 随机random access 随机存取random answer 随机回答random assignment 随机分派random assortment 随机分类random behavior 随机行为random case 随机情况random cause 随机原因random character 随机特征random choice 随机选择random difference 随机差random digit dialing 随机数字拨号random distribution 随机分布random disturbance 随机扰动random dot stereogram 随机点实体图random effect 随机效果random effect model 随机效果模式random enquire 随机询问random error 随机误差random event 随机事件random experiment 随机试验random factor 随机因素random fluctuation 随机变动random genetic drift 随机遗传漂变random group 随机组random group design 随机组设计random learning 随机学习random manner 随机状态random method 随机方法random model 随机模式random movement 随意动作random noise 不规则噪声random number 随机数random numbers 乱数表random numbers table 随机号码表random observation 随机观察random observational error 随机观测误差random occurrence 随机出现random order 随机顺序random pairs method 随机选对法random phenomenon 随机现象random reinforcement 随机强化random sample 随机样本random sampling 随机抽样random sampling error 随机抽样误差random sampling method 随机抽样法random searching 随机调查random selection 随机选择random shape 无意义图形random variable 随机变量random wave 无规波randomization 随机化randomization test 随机化检定randomized block 随机区组randomized block design 随机区组设计随机分组设计randomized experiment 随机化实验randomized groups design 随机组设计randomized response 随机反应randomness 随机性random access memory 随机存取random group design 随机分组设计random halves reliability 随机半分卷信度random tracking 随机跟踪range 全距range effect 值域效应range of activity 活动范围range of attention 注意广度range of audibility 听觉范围range of body movement 身体运动范围身体运动范围range of choice 选择范围range of discrimination 辩别域range of error 误差范围range of indeterminacy 不确定性范围range of observation 观察范围range of reaction 反应幅度rank 等级rank correlation 等级相关rank difference correlation 级差相关rank image 等级象rank image principle 等级象原理rank order 等级次序rank order correlation 等级次序相关rank order method 等序法rank test 等级检验ranked distribution 等级分布Rankian therapy 郎氏治疗法ranking 等级评定ranking evaluation 排列评估ranking method 等级法rank sum test 等级总和检定Ranschburg inhibition 郎斯伯格抑制Ranvier s constriction 郎飞氏节Ranvier s node 郎飞氏节rap 扣击rap group 研究小组raphe 中缝raphe nucleus 中缝核raphe system 中缝系统rapid change 速度改变rapid eye movement 快速眼动眼速动rapid eye movement sleep 快速眼动睡眠rapid reading 快速阅读rapid change theory 急剧变迁论rapid smoking treatment 猛吸戒烟法猛吸戒烟法rapport 感情融通rapport stage 融洽阶段rapprochement 和睦rapture 着迷rapturous 狂喜raptus melancholicus 忧郁发作RAS 网状觉醒系统RAS 网状激活系统Rasch model 罗殊模型rat 大白鼠rate 率rate of audience 收听率rate of forgetting 遗忘率rate of growth 生长率rate of identity 知名率rate of increase 增长率rate of information transmission 信息传递率rate of population increase 人口增长率人口增长率rate of response 反应率rate of unemployment 失业率rate score 率数值rate test 速度测验ratee 受评者rater 估价人rater error 评审员误差rate limiting reaction 限度反应rating 评定rating error 评定误差rating method 评定法rating scale 评定量表rating scale method 等级量表法rating dating complex 追求富有对偶情结ratio 比率ratio aggregates 综合比率ratio analysis 比率分析ratio error 比率误差ratio estimation method 比值估计法ratio intelligence quotient 比率智商ratio IQ 比率智商ratio measure 比率测量ratio of interest for home group 内群亲近率ratio of interest for outside groups 外群亲近率ratio reinforcement 比率强化ratio reinforcement schedule 比率强化方式ratio scale 比率量表ratio variable 比率变量ration of interest for home group 内群亲近率rational 有理的rational analysis 理性分析rational approach 推理研究法rational authority 理性权威rational behavior 理性行为rational behavior therapy 合理行为治疗rational characteristics of character 性格的理智特征rational choice 理性选择rational construction 合理建构法rational education 理性教育rational emotive therapy 理情治疗法rational emotive therapy groups 理情治疗团体rational feeling 理智感rational knowledge 理性认识rational learning 理解学习rational number 有理数rational psychology 理性心理学rational psychotherapy 理性心理治疗法理性心理治疗法rational science 理性科学rational social management 合理的社会管理rational task analysis 理性作业分析rational type 理性型rational validity 合理效度rational will 唯理意志rationale 理论根据rationalism 理性主义rationalistic method 推理法rationalists 唯理主义者rationality 理性rationalization 合理化rationalization 文饰作用rationalization of crime 犯罪合理化rationalization of management 管理合理化rationalization of operation 操作合理化操作合理化rational behavior therapy理性行为治疗rational construct 合理建构法rational ec onomic man 理性经济人rational emotive therapy理性情绪治疗rational recall theory of learning 学习的理论回忆说rational theoretical model 推理理论模式推理理论模式Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices Test 瑞文高级推理测验Raven Colored Progressive Matrices Test 瑞文彩色推理测验Raven Progressive Matrices 瑞文推理测验Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test 瑞文标准推理测验ravenous 贪食的raving 疯话raw data 原始资料raw deal 不公平待遇raw feel 直感raw observation 原始观察raw score 原始分数raw score method 原始分数法RBT (rational behavior therapy 理性行为治疗RCBF 区域性脑血流RCMR 区域性脑代谢率RCS 相对对比敏感度RDA 阅读年龄RdQ 阅读商数reach area 可达范围reach distance 可达距离reach envelope 可达包络线reach one s heart 自我反省reactance 对抗reactance theory 抗拒论reactant 反应物reacting substance 反应物质reaction 反应reaction center 反应中心reaction chain 反应链reaction formation 反向形成reaction hypothesis 反应假说reaction inhibition 反应抑制作用reaction key 反应键reaction latency 反应潜伏期reaction level 反应水平reaction method 反应法reaction norm 反应规范reaction of degeneration 变性反应reaction of flight 飞行反应reaction of flight 逃跑反应reaction pattern 反应模式reaction period 反应期reaction potency 反应潜能reaction potential 反应电位reaction psychology 反应心理学reaction range 反应范围reaction rate 反应速率reaction structure 反应结构reaction system 反应体系reaction threshold 反应阈reaction time 反应时间reaction time delay 反应时间延迟reaction time in old age 老年期的反应时间reaction time method 反应时法reaction time of action 动作反应时reaction to court decision 判决反应reaction to detention 拘禁反应reaction type 反应类型reaction velocity 反应速度reactional psychosis 反应性精神病reactionary 反动的reactionism 反动主义reactionist 反动分子reactivate 恢复活动reactive aggression 反应性攻击reactive behavior 反应性行为reactive depression 反应性抑郁症reactive disorder 反应性疾病reactive inhibition 反应性抑制反应性抑制reactive inhibition theory 反应性抑制说反应性抑制说reactive maladjusted disturbance 反应性适应障碍reactive need 反应性需求reactive psychosis 反应性精神病reactive schizophrenia 反应性精神分裂症reactive state 反应状态reactivity 反应性reactology 反应学reactor 反应者read aloud 朗读read back 复述read in 读入read only memory 只读存储器read out 读出readability 易读性readability of letter and numeral 字母数字易读性reader 读者readership 读者身份readership score 注目率readership survey 阅读率调查readiness 预备状态readiness for contest 争夺准备状态readiness grouping 预备性分组readiness program 准备程序readiness test 准备测验readiness to learn 学习准备reading 阅读reading ability 阅读能力reading achievement 阅读成就reading age 阅读年龄reading aloud 朗读reading comprehension 阅读理解reading disability 阅读无能reading disorder 阅读障碍reading efficiency 阅读效率reading grade 读书年级reading instruction 阅读教学reading interest 阅读兴趣reading ladder 阅读步骤reading level 阅读水平reading material 阅读材料reading measure 阅读测量reading mistake 阅读错误reading model 阅读模式Reading Psychology 阅读心理学reading quotient 阅读商数reading rate 阅读速度reading readiness 阅读准备reading skill 阅读技能reading span 阅读广度reading speed 阅读速度reading test 阅读测验Readings 读物reading disabled child 阅读障碍儿童阅读障碍儿童Reading Free V ocational Interest Inventory 非阅读性职业兴趣测验readout 读出readout 示值读数ready signal 准备信号reafference 再内导reafference 自传入感觉reafferent change 自传入感觉变化real anxiety 事实性焦虑real appearance 真象real behavior 真实行为real causes 真实原因real concept 真实的概念real goal 真实目标real judgment 真实判断real motion perception 真实运动知觉real movement 真动real movement perception 真动知觉real self 真实自我realism 现实主义realistic anxiety 现实性焦虑realistic consumers 现实主义消费者realistic thinking 现实性思维realistic writing and painting 写实reality 现实reality adaptation 现实适应reality anxiety 现实焦虑reality awareness 现实意识reality condition 现实性条件reality ego 现实我reality orientation 现实取向reality principle 现实原则reality sense 现实感reality testing 现实验证reality therapy 现实疗法reality therapy groups 现实治疗团体reality irreality 现实 非现实reality principle 唯实原则reality testing 自我的现实判断realizability 可实现性realization 现实化really exist 确实存在realm 领域realm of spirit 精神领域realness 真实性reappraisal 重新评价rear 抚养rear view 后视rearing 抚养rearrange 重新安排rearrangement 重新组织rearrangement form test 重组式测验rearrangement test 重组测验reason 理由reasonable cognition 理性认识reasonable stage 理性阶段reasonableness 理性reasoned thinking 推理思维reasoning 推理reasoning test 推理测验rebellion 反抗行为rebelliousness 判逆性rebirth fantasy 再生幻想rebound 回跳rebound effect 回跳效应rebound phenomenon 复发现象rebus 画迷rebus writing 谜画写字recall 回忆recall bias 回忆偏误recall method 回忆法recall period 回忆期recall test 回忆测验recall type 回忆类型recall value 回忆价recapitulation 复述recapitulation theory 复演说recapitulation theory of play 游戏的复演说receive 接受receiver 接受者receiver operating characteristic curve 接受者操作特征曲线receiver operating curve 接受者操作曲线recency 近因recency effect 近因效应recent amnesia 近事遗忘recent period 近期recentering 再定中心reception learning 接受式学习reception of experience 经验的接受reception strategy 接受策略reception test 验收检查receptive 感受的receptive aphasia 感受型失语症receptive cell 感受细胞receptive character 接纳性格receptive dysphasia 接受型语言障碍receptive field 感受域receptive language 接受语言receptive neuron 感受神经元receptive orientation 依赖取向receptive style 被动接受型receptive field orientation 感受野定向receptivity 感受性receptor 感受器receptor 受体receptor cell 感受细胞receptor fibre 感受神经纤维receptor inhibitor 受体抑制物receptor potential 受纳器电位receptor site 受点recessive 隐性recessive character 隐性特征recessive gene 隐性基因recessive inheritance 隐性遗传recessive trait 隐性特质RECG 放射心电图recidivism 屡犯recidivism rate 屡犯率recidivist 惯犯recipient 受者recipiomotor 运动感受的reciprocal 相互reciprocal action 交互作用reciprocal adaptation 相互适应reciprocal altruism 互利主义reciprocal assimilation 交互同化reciprocal compatibility 互利相容性reciprocal determinism 交叉决定论reciprocal emotion 互导情绪reciprocal induction 相互诱导reciprocal influence 交互影响reciprocal inhibition 交互抑制reciprocal inhibition therapy 交互抑制疗法reciprocal inter dependence 互惠式相互依赖关系reciprocal maximization 交互增大reciprocal nervous innervation 交互神经支配reciprocal role 相对角色reciprocal socialization 交互社会化reciprocal synapse 相反性突触reciprocal transformation 相互转化reciprocate 交互reciprocity 互易性reciprocity law 倒易定律reciprocity norm 回报常模reciprocity principle 互利原则recitation 背诵recitation method 背诵法reckets 佝偻病reclusion 隐退recoding 再编码recognition 再认recognition marks 识别标志recognition memory 再认记忆recognition method 再认法recognition sequence 识别顺序recognition span 再认广度recognition test 辨识测验recognition threshold 再认阈限recognition time 识别时间recognition type 再认类型recognition vocabulary 再认字汇recognitory assimilation 辨认同化recognizability 可识别性recognize 承认recollect 回忆recollection 回想recombination 重组recomposition 重新构成reconcy effect 新近效应recondition 重建条件reconditioning 重建条件反射reconnaissance at criminal scene 现场勘查reconsider 重新考虑reconstruct 重建reconstruction 重组reconstruction experiment 重组实验reconstruction in recall 回忆中的重建reconstruction method 重建法reconstruction of memory 记忆重建reconstruction of value 价值再构reconstructive memory 改造性记忆reconstructive psychotherapy 重建心理治疗法record 记录record description 记录描述record format 记录格式record group 记录组recorder 录音机recording 记录recording electrode 引导电极recording error 记录误差recording film 录音胶卷recording medium 记录存储器recording system 记录系统record keeping personnel 记录人员recovery 恢复recovery of humanity 人间性回复recovery quotient 复原商数recovery time 复原时间recreation 娱乐说recreation and relaxation theory of play 游戏娱乐和放松说recreation theory of play 游戏娱乐说recreational therapy 休闲治疗法recruitment 募集rectal temperature 直肠温度rectangular 矩形的rectangular distribution 矩形分配rectangular histogram 直方图rectification 调整rectilinear 直线的rectilinear correlation 直线相关rectilinear figure 直线图形rectilinear regression 直线回归rectilinear trend 直线趋势rectilinearity 直线性rection 直配recurrence 重现recurrent 屡发的recurrent inhibition 屡发抑制recurrent inhibition 再发性抑制recurrent psychosis 重发性精神病recurrent sensibility 回反敏感性recurring events 复现事件recursive grammar 递归语法recursive rule 衍生法则red 红red and black number table 红黑数字表红黑数字表red blindness 红色盲red nucleus 红核red out 红视red weakness 红色弱redefinition 再限定redefinition of group boundary 组界再限定redifferentiation 再分化redintegration 重整redintegrative memory 重整记忆redirection activity 变更活动redout 红视reduced 缩减的reduced condition 简化条件reduced cue 简化线索reduced form 简化形式reduced inspection 简化检验reduced law 简化律reduced parameter 简化参数reduced reflex time 简化反射时reduced sample 简化样本reduced sampling inspection 简化抽样检查reduced score 简约分数reducibility 可约性reducible data 简化数据reducible margin 可减少的限度reductase 还原酶reduction 还原reduction 减少reduction division 还原分裂reduction of stimulus condition 刺激条件的减缩reduction screen 减光屏reductionism 化约主义reductionism 还原论reductionist 还原论者reductive explanation 还原解释reductive interpretation 还原解说redundancy 多余性redundancy function 冗余位redundancy in language 语言的多余性语言的多 性redundant cue 冗余线索redundant instance冗余例证冗 例证redundant of information 信息余度reduplication 重迭red green blindness 红绿色盲red sighted 红色敏感者reeducation psychology 改造心理学reeducation through labor 劳动教养reefer 大麻烟卷reengineering 再造工程refer 涉及reference 参考reference axis 参照轴reference frame 参照系reference group 参照组reference group theory 参照群体理论reference instrument 标准仪器reference language 参考语言reference marks 参考符号reference measure 参照测量reference measurement method 参照测量法reference memory 参考记忆reference number 参考数字reference personality 参照人格reference plane 参考平面reference point 参照点reference standard 参考标准reference stimulus 参考刺激reference system 参考系统reference theory meaning 意义参照论reference units 参照单位reference value 参照值reference work 考证工作reference group theory 参照群体论referent 所指对象referent power 参照权力referral 转介referred pain 牵涉性疼痛referred sensation 移位感觉REFG 无线电脑电描记器refixation 再固着reflectance 反射reflected appraisal 反映评价reflected glare 反射眩光reflecting stereoscope 反射实体镜reflection 反映reflection coefficient 反射系数reflection of feeling 情感反映reflectionism 反映论reflective action 反省的作用reflective morality 反省道德reflective style 沉思型reflective teaching 反映性教学reflective think 反省思维reflectivity 反射性reflex 反射reflex action 反射动作reflex activity 反射活动reflex arc 反射弧reflex association 反射式联结reflex center 反射中枢reflex chain 反射链reflex circuit 反射回路reflex conduction 反射传导reflex contraction 反射性收缩reflex epilepsy 反射性癫痫reflex facilitation 反射助长作用reflex hallucination 反射性幻想reflex hysteria 反射性癔症reflex inhibition 反射性抑制reflex integration 反射整合reflex irradiation 反射扩散reflex latency 反射潜伏期reflex learning 反射学习reflex mechanism 反射机制reflex motor 反射运动reflex movement 反射性运动reflex of second order 二级反射reflex path 反射通路reflex reserve 反射准备reflex response 反射性反应reflex sensation 反射性感觉reflex sensitization 反射敏感现象reflex strength 反射强度reflex summation 反射积合reflex system 反射系统reflex time 反射时间reflex tonus 反射性紧张reflexion 反射作用reflexion inference 反思推论reflexion judgment 反思判断reflexion of factor 因素反转reflexive 反射性reflexive smiling 反射性微笑reflexivity 反射度reflexogenic 发生反射的reflexograph 反射描记器reflexology 反射学reflexophil 反射性的reflexotherapy 反射疗法reformation education 感化教育reformation through labour 劳动改造reformatory 教养所reformatory education 感化教育reformatory school 工读学校reforming motive of prisoner 罪犯改造动机refraction 折射refraction anomaly 折射异常refraction stereoscope 折射实体镜refractivity 折射性refractoriness 不应性refractoriness 失效refractory period 不应期refractory state 不感受状态refrangibility 折射性refreezing 重新冻结refuge 避难所refugee 避难者refusal of witness 不证refuse 拒绝refuse rate 拒绝回答率refutability 可反驳性refutation 辩驳refutation of argument ground 反驳论据反驳论据refutational defense 驳斥性防卫refute 驳斥regard 注意regeneration 再生regenerative process 再生过程regime 制度region 区域region of doubt 可疑域region of rejection 拒绝区region of rejection 排斥域region of significance 显著域regional analysis 地区分析regional cerebral blood flow 区域性脑血流regional cerebral metabolism rate 区域性脑代谢率regional difference 地区差异regional sociology 区域社会学regional structure of population 地区人口结构registration 登记regnant 支配的regnum animal 动物界regrate 囤积regrater 囤积者regress 退化regression 回归regression 退行regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression constant 回归常数regression curve 回归曲线regression effect 回归效应regression equation 回归方程regression estimate 回归估计regression fallacy 回归谬误regression forecasting 回归预测regression formula 回归公式regression line 回归线regression neurosis 退行性神经症regression time 回视时间regression to the mean 趋均数回归regression toward the mean 趋均数回归趋均数 归regression weights 回归加权regressive definition 回归定义regressive movement 回视运动regret 后悔regular 有规律的regular astigmatism 规则性散光regular inquiry 定期调查regular language 正规语言regularity 规律性regularity of mental transformation 心理转化规律regulating muscle 调节肌regulation 调节regulation for operations 操作规程regulation of food intake 摄食调节regulation of metabolism 新陈代谢调节新陈代谢调节regulation of water intake 饮水调节regulative development 调节发育regulative principle 规范原则regulative use of reason 理性的调节作用regulator 管理者regulatory factor 调节因子regulatory gene 调节基因regulatory inhibition 调节性抑制regulatory mechanism 调节机制rehabilitation 康复rehabilitation center 康复中心rehabilitation counseling 康复咨询rehabilitation medicine 康复医学rehabilitation psychology 康复心理学rehabilitational psychology 回归心理学 归心理学rehearsal 复述rehearsal method 复述法rehearsal set 复述定势reheotachygraphy 肌电波描记法Reid movement illusion 瑞德运动错觉瑞德运动错觉reification 观念与现象混淆Reil s insula 脑岛Reil s ribbon 内侧丘系reinforcement 强化reinforcement contrast 强化对比reinforcement of conditional reflex 条件反射的强化reinforcement of reflex 反射强化reinforcement schedule 强化程序reinforcement theory 强化理论reinforcement theory of motivation 激励的强化理论reinforcement value 强化值reinforcement affect theory 强化 感情论增强 感情论reinforcer 强化物reinforcing stimulus 强化刺激reinteation theory 返老还童说reintegration 重整作用rejecting confession 拒供rejecting neglecting p arent 拒忽型父母拒忽型父母rejection 拒绝rejection latitude 拒绝幅度rejection of peer 同伴拒绝rejection region 否定区域rejuvenation 恢复青春rejuvenescence 复壮现象relapse 恶化relapse 复发related color 相关色related data 相关数据related language 亲属语言relatedness 关联性relation 关系relation 亲属relation analysis 关系分析relation between generations 代际关系relation between inhibitory and excitation 抑制与兴奋的关系relation between plans and markets 计划与市场的关系relation theory of personality 个性的关系理论relational 亲属的relational 有关系的relational concept 关系概念relational fertility 关联丰富性relational learning 关系学习relational reflex 关系反射relational surveys 关系调查relational theory of transfer 迁移的关系理论relational word 关系词relationship 关系relationship 亲属关系relationship characteristic关系特征relationship psychotherapy 关系心理治疗relationship theory 关系论relationship therapy 关系治疗法relationship with co workers 与同事关系与同事关relative 相对的relative activity 相对灵活性relative adaptation 相对适应relative analysis 对比分析relative chance 相对机遇relative change 相对变化relative character 相对性状relative choice 相对选择relative concept 相对概念relative contrast sensitivity 相对对比敏感度relative deprivation 相对剥夺relative deprivation 相对性匮乏relative deprivation theory 相对剥夺说相对剥夺说relative discrimination 相对辨别relative dominance 相对优势relative error 相对误差relative frequency 相对频度relative gain 相对利益relative humidity 相对湿度relative judgment 相对判断relative limen 相对阈限relative localization 相对定位relative luminous efficiency function 相对视见函数relative maturity 相对成熟度relative measurement 相对量度relative metabolic rate 相对代谢率relative method 比较法relative motion 相对运动relative motion parallax 相对运动视差相对运动视差relative pitch 相对音高relative potency 相对优势relative property 相对性relative refractory period 相对不反应期相对不反应期relative retention time 相对保留时间relative self 相对自我relative sensitivity 相对感受性relative size 相对大小relative size cue 相对大小线索relative specificity 相对特效性relative stability 相对稳定性relative standard 相对标准relative threshold 相对阈限relative value 比值relative value 相对值relative variability 相对变异性relative variation 相对变异relative velocity 相对速度relative visual field 相对视野relativism 相对主义relativity 相对作用relativity law 相对律relativity of reinforcement 强化的相对性增强的相对性relativity theory 相对论relaxation 松弛relaxation factor 松弛因素relaxation of muscle action 肌肉动作放松relaxation of selection 选择放松relaxation oscillation 松弛颤动relaxation theory of play 游戏放松说relaxation therapy 放松疗法relaxation training 放松训练relaxed appearance with mental tension 形松意紧relaxed wave 松懈波relaxing reaction 松弛反应relaxing skill 松弛功relaxing techniques 松弛技术relay 继电器relay 交接relay cell 中间神经元relearning 再学习relearning method 再学法relearning procedure 再学习法release 释放release therapy 释放疗法releaser 释放体releaser 引发物releasing factor 释放因子releasing hormone 释放激素releasing mechanism 释放机制releasing schema 引发图式releasing stimulus 引发刺激relegation learning 归属学习relevance 有关relevancy 适切度relevant cue 关联线索relevant data 有关数据relevant dimension 关联维度relevant information 有关信息relevant subset 关联子集reliability 信度reliability coefficient 信度系数reliability consideration 可靠性思考reliability estimation 信度估计法reliability of data 数据的可靠性reliability of estimate 估计值的可靠性估计值的可靠性reliability of statistics 统计的可靠性reliability of test 检验的可靠性reliability of testimony 证言的可靠性reliability of testing 检验的可靠性reliability theory 可靠性理论religion 宗教religions belief 宗教信仰religions delusion 宗教妄想religions idea 宗教观念religions institution 宗教制度religions liberty 宗教自由religions quest 宗教研究religions skepticism 宗教怀疑主义religions taboo 宗教戒律religions thought 宗教思想religiosity 宗教狂religious cult 宗教崇拜religious fanaticism 宗教狂热religious instinct 宗教本能religious mania 宗教性躁狂状态religious melancholia 宗教性忧郁症religious psychology 宗教心理学religious therapy 宗教治疗法religious tradition 宗教传统REM 快速眼动快速眼动Remark s nerve fibre 雷马克氏神经纤维Remark s nerve fibre 无髓神经纤维remediable 可矫正的remedial 补习的remedial education 矫正教育remedial instruction 矫正教学remedial reading 补充阅读remedial reading 矫正阅读remedial teaching 矫正指导remediation 矫正remember 记得remembering 记住remembrance 追忆remembrance hallucination 追忆性幻觉追忆性幻觉reminiscence 记忆恢复remission 缓解remittent temperature 弛张温度remorse 悔恨remote amnesia 远事遗忘remote association 远隔联想Remote Association Test 远隔联想测验remote backward association 远距逆向联想remote cause 远因remote conditioning 远距条件作用remote control 遥控remote forward association 远距顺向联想remote memory 久远记忆remote sensing 遥感remote terminal 运程终端remoteness 远隔性removal 迁移removal from proactive inhibition 顺向抑制解除REMS (rapid eye movement sleep 快速眼动睡眠rencounter 冲突Rendu s tremor 郎杜震颤renifleur 嗅觉性欲癖患者Renshaw cell 仁邵细胞reorganization 重组reorganization theory 重组论Rep Test 角色构念测验reparation 弥补repeated examination 反复检查repeated interview 再面谈repeated measure 重复测量repeated measurement design 重复测量设计repeated observations 重复观测值repeated sampling 反复抽样repeated survey 重复调查repeated trials 重复试验repellent apraxia 相斥失用症repelling attack 排斥法repent 悔悟repercussion 反应repercussion effect 相互作用效果repercussion study 相互作用研究repertory grid 个人构念积储格repetition 重复repetition learning 反复学习repetition method of interrogation 复述讯问法repetition compulsion 强迫性重复动作强迫性重 动作repetitive error 重复误差repetitive part method 反复分习法repetitive process 重复过程repetitive rate 重复率repetitive task 反复作业replaceability 可替换性replacement 替代replacement 移位replacement sampling 替代抽样replicate 复制replication 重复replication experiment 验证性实验replication therapy 重演治疗法replicative enzyme 复制酶reply 回答repolarization 复极化repolarize 再极化report 报告represent 描述representability 表现力representability of dream 梦的表现力representation 表征representation function 描述功能representation in general 一般表象representation of athletic 运动表征representation of problem 问题表征representation of sense 感觉表现representation of sensibility 感性表象representation theorem 表现定理representational form 表象形式representational skill 表征技巧representative data 代表数据representative design 代表性设计representative element 表现成分representative factor 代表性因子representative intelligence 表象性智能表像性智能representative learning 表征学习representative measure 代表性测量representative participation 代表参与representative sample 代表性样本representative sampling 代表性抽样representative score 代表分数representative thinking 表象思维representative value 代表值representativeness 代表性representativeness of sample survey 抽样调查代表性representativeness of sampling 抽样代表性repress 抑制repressed complex 压抑情结repressed drive 压抑的内驱力repression 压抑repression resistance 压抑抗拒Repression Sensitization Scale 压抑 增敏量表。
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Risk Perception and Affect
Paul Slovic1,2 and Ellen Peters1
1Decision Research, Eugene, Oregon, and 2University of Oregon
THE AFFECT HEURISTIC
Байду номын сангаас
Address correspondence to Paul Slovic, Decision Research, 1201 Oak Street, Suite 200, Eugene, OR 97401; e-mail: pslovic@darkwing. .
ABSTRACT—Humans perceive and act on risk in two fundamental ways. Risk as feelings refers to individuals’ instinctive and intuitive reactions to danger. Risk as analysis brings logic, reason, and scientific deliberation to bear on risk management. Reliance on risk as feelings is described as ‘‘the affect heuristic.’’ This article traces the development of this heuristic and discusses some of the important ways that it impacts how people perceive and evaluate risk.
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Copyright r 2006 Association for Psychological Science
Volume 15—Number 6
Paul Slovic and Ellen Peters
miner of public perception and acceptance of risk for a wide range of hazards. This explained, for example, why the public judges radiation exposure from nuclear power plants (highly dreaded) as far riskier than radiation from medical X-rays—an assessment not shared by risk experts. In today’s world, terrorism has replaced nuclear power at the top of the list of widely dreaded risks.
Affect plays a central role in what are known as dual-process theories of thinking. According to these theories, people apprehend reality in two fundamentally different ways, one labeled intuitive, automatic, natural, nonverbal, narrative, and experiential, and the other analytical, deliberative, and verbal (see, e.g., Epstein, 1994). One of the main characteristics of the intuitive, experiential system is its affective basis. Although analysis is certainly important in some decision-making circumstances, reliance on affect is generally a quicker, easier, and more efficient way to navigate in a complex, uncertain, and sometimes dangerous world. Many theorists have given affect a direct and primary role in motivating behavior. Pleasant feelings motivate actions that people anticipate will reproduce those feelings. Unpleasant feelings motivate actions that people anticipate will avoid those feelings.
Fortunately, most of the time people are in a calmer state, being guided by much subtler feelings. We shall focus this review on a ‘‘faint whisper of emotion’’ called affect. We use the term affect to mean the specific quality of ‘‘goodness’’ or ‘‘badness’’ (a) experienced as a feeling state (with or without consciousness) and (b) demarcating a positive or negative quality of a stimulus. We have used the term ‘‘the affect heuristic’’ to characterize reliance on such feelings (Slovic, Finucane, Peters, & MacGregor, 2002); the experienced feelings are used as information to guide judgment and decision making (Schwarz & Clore, 1988).
There are strong elements of rationality in both systems of thinking. The experiential system enabled human beings to survive as they evolved. Intuition, instinct, and gut feeling were relied upon to determine whether an animal was safe to approach or the water was safe to drink. As life became more complex and humans gained more control over their environment, analytic tools such as probability theory, risk assessment, and decision analysis were invented to ‘‘boost’’ the rationality of experiential thinking.
KEYWORDS—risk perception; risk analysis; the affect heuristic
Risk in the modern world is perceived and acted upon in two fundamental ways. Risk as feelings refers to our instinctive and intuitive reactions to danger. Risk as analysis brings logic, reason, and scientific deliberation to bear on risk assessment and decision making. This article discusses what recent research reveals about risk as feelings, an important vestige of humans’ evolutionary journey.
That intuitive feelings are still the predominant method by which human beings evaluate risk is cleverly illustrated in a cartoon by Doonesbury creator, Garry Trudeau. Two characters decide whether it is safe to greet one another on a city street by systematically tabulating a list of risk and risk-mitigating factors to determine which are more numerous. The reader instantly recognizes that people in such a situation would never be this analytical, even if their lives were at stake. Most risk analysis in daily life is handled quickly and automatically by feelings arising from what is known as the ‘‘experiential’’ mode of thinking.