口译翻译练习：中国城乡社会家庭结构与功能的变迁
口译综合能力30个句子翻译的参考答案
I – La pauvreté：1、在发展政策方面，相对于城里，国家没有给予农村同样的重视。
这个政策上的忽略引起了农村一定程度的贫困化和较为严重的社会边缘化。
这种情况的原因之一是农村家庭收入的恶化。
2、由于广泛种植可可粉和咖啡，科特迪瓦以前曾是大量西非侨民和欧洲移民者的乐土。
阿比让的耀眼的摩天大厦见证了被认为是《非洲巴黎》的城市的辉煌。
3、在2000年，国际共同体确立的新千年目标是从现在到2015年要减少一半的贫困人口。
考虑到全球经济正在走下坡路，这个目标视乎很难实现。
4、尽管地球被命名为《蓝色星球》，它只拥有3%的新鲜水。
然而，这个小小的比率已经满足了人类200亿人口的每人20升饮用水的最低日常生活需求，包括饮料、厨房用水、厕所用水和洗涤用水。
5、法国总统、英国总理以及其他高层人物在上周的达沃斯经济讨论会上宣布说：大家有充分的理由动员起来战胜贫困。
6、在越贫穷的国家，人口繁殖和人口增长越快。
从目前至2050年，贫困国家的人口数字很可能增至三倍：从1995年的6000万人口到180亿人口。
7、发展往往落下了贫人，甚至恶化了他们的缺陷。
穷人们需要采用一些直接的措施来把他们引导到发展的轨道上，并创建条件让他们脱离贫困。
8、大体上，在90年代期间，发展中国家人均国内生产总值每年增长了1.6%。
这个增长不仅是慢的，而且是分布不均匀的。
对于贫困国家，90年代的人均国内生产总值的增长比80年代还慢。
9、90年代出现的新兴市场的危机清晰表明了全球化的优点并不是没有后遗症的：危机一方面引起了资金流动的不稳定性，另一方面导致了引发贫困的社会结构、经济和环境的恶化。
10、代表全球90%人口的42个国家的一个就全球经济最新前景的研究结果表明：居民的人均生产显著地增加了，但国家间的收入分布比世纪初更不均衡了。
II – Le Sida1.根据联合国艾滋病规划署，在世界上15岁到49岁犯有艾滋病毒的3720万成年人中，女性占了一半。
第九周口译文本
经济运行稳中向好。
国内生产总值达到56.9万亿元，比上年增长7.7%。
居民消费价格涨幅控制在2.6%。
城镇登记失业率4.1%。
城镇新增就业1310万人，创历史新高。
进出口总额突破4万亿美元，再上新台阶。
-The economy was stable and improved. The gross domestic product (GDP) reached 56.9 trillion yuan, an increase of7.7% over the previous year. The rise in the consumer price index (CPI) was kept at 2.6%. The registered urban unemployment rate was kept at 4.1% and 13.1 million urban jobs were created, an all-time high. Total imports and exports exceeded US$4 trillion, reaching a new high.——居民收入和经济效益持续提高。
城镇居民人均可支配收入实际增长7%，农村居民人均纯收入实际增长9.3%，农村贫困人口减少1650万人，城乡居民收入差距继续缩小。
规模以上工业企业利润增长12.2%。
财政收入增长10.1%。
-Personal income continued to rise, and economic performance continued to improve. The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by 7% in real terms, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.3% in real terms. The number of rural people living in poverty was reduced by 16.5 million and the urban-rural income gap continued to narrow. The profits of industrial enterprises with annual revenue of 20 million yuan or more from their main business operations rose by 12.2%. Government revenue increased by 10.1%.——结构调整取得积极成效。
2017考研英语翻译每日一句：家庭结构变迁_毙考题
下载毙考题APP免费领取考试干货资料，还有资料商城等你入驻邀请码：8806 可获得更多福利2017考研英语翻译每日一句：家庭结构变迁考研英语翻译部分在试题中分值占10%，建议同学们还是要重视起来，为自己争取更多的分数。
小编考研为大家搜集了有关社会生活、科普知识、文化教育等方面的相关句子，以此拓展大家的视野。
一起来学习吧!本期主题【家庭结构变迁】With the implementation of the family planningpolicy and the change of theconcept of family, thesize and structure of traditional Chinese familieshaveundergone evident changes. One is that thenumber of one-child familiesincreases, resulting in agradual decrease in the average number offamilymembers. Another is the miniaturization trend of the family structure,which leads to thetraditional extended family being replaced by nuclear family.Changes in size and structure ofhouseholds contribute to simple familyrelationship and increasing mutual dependence offamily members. However, thechanges also exert negative influences, such as a surge in thespeed ofpopulation aging and the increasing number of the empty-nest families.参考翻译:随着计划生育政策(the family planningpolicy)的推行和家庭观念的改变，中国传统的家庭规模和结构发生了明显变化。
2019年全国翻译资格三级考试口译汉译英模拟题4
【导语】不做说话的巨⼈，⾏动的矮⼦。
说再多的漂亮话，也不如做⼀件实实在在的漂亮事，⾏动永远是迈向成功的第⼀步，想永远只会在原地踏步。
对于考试⽽⾔亦是如此，每天进步⼀点点，基础扎实⼀点点，通过考试就会更容易⼀点点。
⽆忧考整理了“2019年全国翻译资格三级考试⼝译汉译英模拟题4”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注⽆忧考！ 城市化进程 中国城市化(urbanization)将会充分释放潜在内需(domestic demand)。
⼀些经济学家指出，在中国⼏乎所有的发展中城市都⾯临着城市化的进程。
这使得许多⼈的⽣活⽔平有所提⾼，也为⼈们提供更多的就业机会。
随着越来越多的⼈向城市迁徙，住房及城市基础设施建设(infrastructure construction),包括⽔源等能源的供应将会成为城市发展的焦点问题。
商品与服务的⾃由、快速流通是城市化社会的⼀项基本特征。
逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满⾜消费者的需求。
参考译⽂： China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, in?cluding water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban develop?ment as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.。
汉译英段落3及参考译文
1.家庭是社会的基本单位，它的结构随着社会的发展而变化。
在中国几千年的传统社会里，家庭不仅是日常生活的基本单位，也是生产单位。
理想的、令人羡慕的家庭是五世同堂，家里的大事由男人做主。
近百年来，中国发生了巨大变化，从而导致中国家庭的结构也改变了。
人口众多的大家庭开始分成较小的家庭，总的趋势是出现了越来越多的核心家庭。
参考译文The structure of the family, which is a basic unit of the society, changes along with the development of the society.In China's traditional society which lasted several thousand years, the family was not only the basic unit in everyday life, but also a basic unit of production.An ideal family admired by all consisted of 5 generations, with the male members making all the important decisions.During the last hundred years, great changes have taken place in China. These changes have led to changes in the Chinese family rge families began to divide into smaller extendedfamilies，with the trend pointing toward the emergence of more and more nuclear families.。
2019年翻译资格考试三级口译必备词汇：中国改革
第一篇：翻天覆地的变化earthshaking changes面貌焕然一新take on a brand-new look出/入境旅游outbound/inbound travel村/居委会village committee/urban neighborhood committee解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing落实科学发展观follow a scientific approach of development以人为本，执政为民put people first in administration着力搞好宏观调空concentrate on doing macro-regulatory work well激发创造活力stimulate creativity实施稳健的财政政策follow prudent fiscal policy三农工作是重中之重work relating agriculture, rural areas and farmers remains top priority加强农田水利建设intensify development of irrigation and conservancy project 多渠道转移农业富余劳动力transfer surplus rural labor to nonagricultural jobs推进产业结构优化升级optimize and upgrade the industrial structure加强生态建设strengthen ecological improvement推进财税体制改革promote the reform of fiscal and tax system加强精神文明建设promote social and ethical progress加强行政能力建设和政风建设improve the government’s administrative capacity and style of work建设服务型政府service-oriented government意气风发in high spirits同心同德、再接再厉united with one heart and one mind, continue our concerted and unyielding efforts第二篇：overstate 夸大turn one’s back on 对……封闭anarchy 政治混乱warlordism 军阀割据make up lost ground 收复失地springboard 跳板with gusto 满怀热情subsistence farming 自然经济marginal productivity 边际生产力tariff barrier 关税壁垒bolster 保持joint venture 合资企业incremental capital output ratio 资本产出比率reckon 估计purchasing power parity 购买力平价capital accumulation 资本积累demographic forecasts 人口统计学上的预见hiccup 磕磕碰碰forerunner 前驱dwarf 让……相形见绌关于翻译资格考试备考，小编建议，如果你基础比较薄弱，自学比较困难，不妨抱一个培训班，跟着老师一起备考复习。
英09《基础口译》Ex-Reform and Opening-up
〔改革开放－Words and Expressions〕十一届三中全会Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee解放和发展社会生产力to release and develop the productive forces振兴伟大的中华民族to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation赋予社会主义新的生机活力to inject new vitality into socialism始终走在时代前列to be always in the forefront of the times解放思想to emancipate the mind实事求是to seek truth from facts与时俱进to keep up with the times求真务实、开拓进取精神the truth-seeking, pragmatic and pioneering spirit历史上从未有过的never seen before in history从封闭半封闭到全方位开放from a closed or semi-closed state to all-round opening up马克思主义中国化to adapt Marxism to conditions in China给人民带来更多福祉to bring more benefits to the people…的必由之路the only way of一蹴而就to be accomplished overnight没有出路would only lead to a blind alley开辟了中国特色社会主义道路to blaze a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics立足基本国情in light of China's basic conditions以经济建设为中心to take economic development as the central task赋予其鲜明的中国特色to add to them distinct Chinese characteristics真正坚持社会主义to stay true to socialism永无止境There is no end to…勇于变革、勇于创新，永不僵化、永不停滞to make bold changes and innovations, stayaway from rigidity or stagnation统筹兼顾各方面利益to accommodate the interests of all sides缩小城乡、区域发展差距to narrow the urban-rural and interregional gaps in development统筹国内发展和对外开放to balance domestic development and opening to the outside world 改革开放以来since the introduction of the reform and opening up policy生产力the productive forces生产关系the relations of production妄自菲薄to belittle ourselves,自甘落后to wallow in backwardness,急于求成to encourage unrealistic pursuit of quick results保持清醒头脑to remain sober-minded第一要义是发展to take development as its essence,以人为本to put people first又好又快发展sound and rapid development必须坚持全面协调可持续发展。
口译殿堂汉译英
作业十汉译英（翻译划线部分）在农村富余劳动力的转移上，我们将逐步走出一条中国特色的城市化道路。
目前，中国农村劳动力有5亿多人，今后20年大约有两亿多人要转移出来，在这个问题上，中国人不能做“欧洲梦”。
In rural surplus labor transfer, we will gradually blaze a trail in urbanization path with Chinese characteristics. China has a rural workforce of 0.5 billion, and 0.2 billion of it will be moved away from the countryside during the following 20 years. About the rural surplus labor transfer, it is not suitable for China to take measures as Europe did.欧洲在近代历史上，总共有6000多万人走到世界各地，到处建立殖民地，改变了世界版图。
21世纪上半叶的中国人，只能在自己的国土上，通过城市和农村的精心协调发展，通过引导农村富余劳动力在不丧失土地的条件下，在城乡之间有序流动，来解决这个世界级的大难题。
In European modern history, above 60 billion Europeans went abroad to establish colonies all over the world, changing the world’s territory.英译汉（翻译划线部分）A year ago, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with orderly rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high quality Italian pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.Lured by generous new subsidies to develop alternative energy sources - and a measure of concern about the future of the planet - European farmers are plunging into growing crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil when burned. They are chasing after their counterparts in the Americas who have been cropping for biofuel for more than five years.欧洲农民种植替代能源作物可享受新型高额补贴（也是一种关心地球未来的举措），受此诱惑，他们一头扎进燃料作物的种植中。
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中国城乡社会家庭结构与功能的变迁
The Changes of the structures and functions of Chinese
Families
在上个世纪70年代中期开始实施的计划生育政策,以及工业化、城市化和现代化进程的双重推进下,近年来,中国城乡社会的家庭结构和家庭婚姻制度发生了巨大而深刻的变化:
Under the promotion of both the introduction of Birth Control Policies in mid-1970s, and the process of industrialization, urbanization and modernization, the household functions and the marriage system in Chinese society have been undergoing dramatic changes in recent years.
传统的大家庭模式越来越多地被以核心家庭为主的多样化的小家庭模式所取代;
Traditional extended families have been increasingly replaced by various small household patterns, especially
nuclear families.
与此相一致的是,以父辈为权威的大家庭越来越多地让位于以子女,特别是独生子女为中心的小家庭制度
Correspondingly, big families with the elder as authorities are giving place to smaller families with children, especially the only children, as the centers.
人口老龄化进程的加速与家庭制度的演变,使得养老问题的严峻性愈加凸现;
The changes of family patterns, along with the acceleration of population aging in the country, make the provision of the elder a severe problem.
传统的婚姻观念正在经受着现代价值观念和生活方式的冲击,结婚率、生育率下滑，和离婚率上升,使得婚姻制度的重要性在下降。
Traditional values on marriage are under the impact of modern values and life styles. The importance of marriage is decreasing due to the decline of marriage rate and birth rate, and the rising of divorce rate.
一般来说,家庭有五种基本功能:生产功能、消费功能、人口再生产功能、养育子女和赡养老人的功能、满足家庭成员生理和心理需要的功能。
Generally, families have 5 basic functions, namely production, consumption, reproduction, provision for the young and elderly, satisfaction of the physical and mental needs of members.
在今天,社会化大生产和市场经济下的专业化分工,以及家庭结构和家庭制度的变迁,已经使得家庭的许多基本社会功能出现萎缩或被取代:
Today, some basic social functions of families have been weakened and even replaced due to mass
production and the specialization of production in market economy, as well as the changes in family structures and family patterns.
社会化大生产在城市中已基本取代了家庭的生产功能,家庭在很大程度上已不再是组织生产的基本单位;
Families are no longer the basic unit of social production, since mass production has already taken the place of the family function of production.
各式各样的教育机构大量出现,在很大程度上将家庭抚养和教育子女方面的责任转移至社会和市场,
The emergence of various educational institutions greatly transfers the duty of raising and teaching children
to the society and market.
单身和“丁克”家庭的逐渐扩大,未婚同居现象的大量出现, 表明家庭人口再生产的基本社会功能在一定程度上已被年轻一代所忽视;
The increase of one-person families and DINK families, and the emergence of cohabitation indicate the family function of reproduction has been neglected by the young generations.
核心家庭在很大程度上削弱甚至割裂了传统的大家庭中老人与子女的日常感情与责任链条;
Nuclear families undermine and even hinder the family bonds and responsibilities existing in the traditional big families.
大众传媒和各种娱乐设施,极大的转移和丰富了人们的生活内容,人们已经不再主要以家庭为唯一娱乐的场所。
Mass media and various recreation facilities greatly distract people and enrich their lives, so that families are no longer the only place to enjoy themselves.
服务经济的发展也使家务劳动大大减少
And the development of service industry greatly decreases the amount of house work.
总之,一方面家庭生活日益与整个社会融为一体,另一方面,人们传统的家庭责任意识也在淡化
To sum up, on one hand, family life in China is increasingly fusing into the society; on the other hand, people’s sense of responsibility in traditional families has been fading.
社会发展的基本趋向是,公众更乐于社会越来越多地分担家庭的功能,而不是相反。
The basic trend of social development is that people are content to share family functions with the whole society, not the other way around.
这种家庭婚姻功能的衰落,与西方一些国家上个世纪七、八十年代的社会状况有某种类似之处. 在追求经济发展、科技进步的物质文明过程中,人们付出了巨大的社会精神和心理上的代价,包括家庭.
The decline of the functions of family resembles what happened in western countries in 1970s to 1980s. When pursuing the advance of economy and technologies, people pay high costs, both social and mental, including families.
家庭制度的演变给这些国家带来了一系列社会问题, 如高离婚率、低结婚率、少年母亲、单亲家庭、艾滋病等大量出现。
其中许多至今尚未能治愈。
The changes of family patterns have brought series of social problems, such as high divorce rate, low marriage rate, teenage mothers, one-parent families and AIDS, some of which are still haunting.。