英语猜测词义(revised)
【公开课教案及学案】高考英语阅读理解-词义猜测
高考英语阅读理解-词义猜测教学设计一、教学内容分析1.Revive some more important words & phrases.2. Conclude Conversion & noun suffixes and prefixes.3. Master more Polysemy as possible as the students can.二、学情分析3年的高中生活即将结束，回顾3年的学生的学习经过，高中的学习生活丰富多彩又充满挑战。
作为高三临近高考的考生每天花了不少时间背单词。
因此，在高考前，鼓励学生尽量多记相关的词汇，突破词义、词型和短语的同时也要注重词汇掌握的技巧和规律，以达到一个更高的水平。
三、教学目标细则1.根据逻辑关系（同义或近义关系等），解释说明（下定义，定语从句等），构词法（合成，派生等），文化常识等方法进行猜测词义。
2. 能够把握代词指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义，抓住关键词或关键句，理清逻辑关系，进而推断代词的指代内容。
3. 能够对原句进行语法或语义上的准确分析，结合原文意义对划线句子做出合理的推理和判断，从而来进行句意猜测。
三、教学设计思路活动设计:本板块设计了3个步骤，从复习—练习—归纳，帮助学生突破词汇的障碍。
四、教学目标:1.Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:By the end of the class, students will be able to1). master some more important words & phrases.2).use Conversion & Noun suffixes and prefixes fluently.3). master more polysemy as possible as you can.2.Learning Strategy:Be able to draw a conclusion.Be able to contact context.3.Cultural awareness:Understand authentic English expressions and exotic customs五，教学重难点重点:1. Use conversion & affixation fluently2.Connecting context to overcome difficulties.难点:Connecting context to overcome difficulties.六.教学方法Task-based language learning, cooperative learning.七.教学过程高考阅读---词义猜测2023泉州三模CAnother study by the Think Wood campaign concludes that nature can have a beneficial effect on creativity, concentration and well-being. Not only do cool-looking biophilic offices help companies recruit(招聘) talent in an incredibly tight labor market, but they also nudge the new talent to perform better at work.(2023泉州三模）33. What does the underlined word “nudge”in paragraph 4 mean?A. Encourage.B. Anticipate.C. Remind.D. Promise2023广东二模 CClare says the concept has been used for years in different ways. Scientists sample pathogens(病原体) from the air, which has been used to help track COVID-19. Environmental DNA can also be collected from water to help ease invasive species.33. What does the underlined phrase “the concept”in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Detecting danger in the air.B. Protecting endangered animals.C. Sucking DNA out of the air.D. Collecting environmental samples.CYesterday, after a day of Zoom (视频会议软件) meetings in my living room, I stepped out for a walk, leaving my teen son bored on the couch. Bleecker Street, usually packed with people, was sprinkled with only the occasional pedestrians. Bars and restaurants lining the street were dark. Stores with bright neon lights, doors open, beckoned for the rare passers-by to enter. After just a week of the Covid-19 pandemic, an afternoon walk in Greenwich Village neighborhood felt surreal.But then I noticed a row of daffodils (水仙) reaching for the sun in the small triangle-shaped park by Minetta Lane. On the windows of a locked restaurant, in bright yellow paint, were the words “We love you, West Village. Take care of each other." My phone buzzed—a colleague, sent a picture of her newborn baby just home from the hospital. I arrived home to find my son animated on the couch playing a video game virtually with his friends. Life, love, play, and human connection persist, even though our world has been turned upside down.In my welcome note to the new students in the Fall, I wrote that this year is about ourcollege's core values of inclusion, innovation, and impact and emphasized the power of interconnection. Today,these core values persist, with interconnection taking on even greater significance. Our collaborative spirit has always given us an advantage-academically, creatively, culturally, and now, remotely.A wise person once told me that getting through a crisis is like being given a new hand of cards in the middle of a game. We are halfway through the semester, with new hands to play, but the game hasn't changed. We will find new ways to continue to work, teach, create, and learn. Let's also continue the informal interactions that make us a community-the study groups,coffee dates, drop-ins just to say hello. In doing so, we will remain connected.We will come together, from spaces around the world, to meet this new reality. This is who we are. Nothing not space,nor time can keep us from moving forward, together.28.What can he inferred from paragraph 1?A.The Covid-19 pandemic is unstoppable.B.The effects of the pandemic could he easily felt.C.Nothing is the same except that the business goes slow as usual.D.People have every reason to be worried about the future.29.What does the writer include in paragraph 2?A.Daily routines that seemed insignificant.B.Reminders that the world has been changed.C.Events that people can do during the pandemic.D.Things or people that carry symbolic meanings.30.What does the underlined word "collaborative" mean in paragraph 3?A.Cooperative.B.Pioneering.C.Independent.D.Adventurous.31..What is the main purpose of the text?A.To express wisdom gained from previous experience.B.To give people some tips on how to handle a crisis.C.To deliver an uplifting message over the pandemic.D.To encourage people to enjoy the great outdoors.。
新初二英语阅读理解猜测词义题[1]
![新初二英语阅读理解猜测词义题[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8f492f1c326c1eb91a37f111f18583d049640fc8.png)
如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。
我们必须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词组；了解构词法知识，如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀，以与词语的合成和转化等；并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。
尽管如此，在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义，因此，我们必须学会如何猜测词义。
任何一个词语，在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。
据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。
猜测词义时，我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑：一、根据定义或解释猜测词义A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.What does the word “carpenter” mean in Chinese?A.诗人B.木匠C.厨师D.伐木工人通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter是B“木匠”A bag is useful and the word “bag” is usef ul. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”….Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.A. makes everyone know a secretB. the woman bout a catC. buys a cat in the bagD. sells the cat in the bag在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。
五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题
五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定，每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过2道。
但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大，试题难度稍有增加。
例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中，有部分超纲单词（如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释，另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。
这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词汇表内，又未加注释，这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题，还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义，这样才能透彻地理解文章，完成阅读理解任务。
词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面：生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。
常见的设问形式主要有以下几种：What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean?What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...?Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...? 无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词，我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。
英语猜测词义(revised)
men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble(谦虚的) and modest．
傲慢的，目空一切的 supercilious means __________________.
2.Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
6.Rainforsts like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.
肮脏的 Grubby means __________.
5、因果关系
常以 because, as，since，for，so，
thus，as a result，therefore， so… that...等词汇及结构来体现。
1.Tom is considered an autocratic administrator（管理人员）because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others．
生活常识
3、There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms(症状). A. a medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. a medicine to delay signs of aging C. a medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s D. a medicine to cure brain damage
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
高中英语阅读理解之词义猜测题技巧
高中英语阅读理解之词义猜测题技巧词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
同学们应加强训练通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义的技能。
由于猜测词义题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等，因此联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，同学们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
我们必须熟练掌握的猜测词义的方法有：（一）根据构词法判断词义三种构词法，即合成、转化、派生，是我们猜测词义需掌握的基本方法。
合成法：通过构成合成词的每个单词的含义猜测和领会其含义；转化法：通过一个词的本意猜测出它转化后的意思，常见的是名词和动词、形容词和动词以及形容词和名词之间的相互转化；派生法：由一个词根加前缀（p refix）或后缀（suffix）构成词的方法称为派生法。
一般来说，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。
所以掌握了一些基本的词汇和词缀，我们就可以猜测出很多词的意义。
（二）根据语境判断词义这是提高阅读速度和理解率必备的判断断词义的能力。
语境可能是一个句子、几个句子、甚至一个段落或通篇文章。
我们可分别将其称为小语境、中语境和大语境。
1.小语境(1)定义式常用的词有：be,mean,deal with,be considered,to be,be c alled,define,represent,refer to等。
例1：Mark Twain was not the author‘s real name;it w as a pseudonym.例2：Mechanized farming means the use of modern m achinery on farms.(2)例举式常用词有：for example,for instance,such as,like等。
例1：Newly-married young people often spend some o f their money on appliances,for instance,washing-machines,r efrigerators and televisions.例2：Doctors suggest that everyone should exercise ev ery day,especially those who do sedentary work，like readi ng,typing and sewing.(3)重述式常用词有：and,or,similarly,that is(to say),in other words, namely,say,i.e.等例1：Red had the longest wavelength;that is,the distan ce between each wave is longest in redlight than in any ot her color.例2：The football player was penalized for his rudene ss and the punishment was a good lesson for him.(4)同位语构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号和括号等。
初中英语阅读理解中的词义猜测技巧
初中英语阅读理解中的词义猜测技巧在初中英语学习中，阅读理解是一个重要的部分，而词义猜测则是阅读理解中的一项关键技能。
当我们遇到不熟悉的单词或短语时，如果能够准确地猜测出它们的意思，将有助于我们更好地理解整篇文章。
下面，我将为大家介绍一些在初中英语阅读理解中实用的词义猜测技巧。
一、通过上下文语境猜测词义上下文语境是猜测词义最常用也是最有效的方法之一。
我们可以通过阅读单词或短语所在的句子以及前后的句子，来获取相关的线索。
例如，如果一个句子中提到“John was so hungry that he devoured the entire pizza in minutes” 在这里，我们不认识“devoured”这个词，但通过前面提到“John 很饿”以及后面“整个披萨在几分钟内”，可以猜测“devoured”是“狼吞虎咽地吃”的意思。
再比如，“The weather was extremely hot, and people sought refuge in the shade” 从“天气非常热”以及“在阴凉处”，可以推断出“sought refuge”大概是“寻找庇护、躲避”的意思。
二、利用定义、解释或同位语猜测词义有些文章会直接对生词进行定义、解释或者通过同位语来帮助读者理解词义。
比如，“A thermometer is an instrument used to measure temperature” 很明显，通过“is an instrument used to measure temperature”（是一种用来测量温度的仪器），我们能明白“thermometer”是“温度计”的意思。
又或者，“My sister, Mary, who is a doctor, always works very hard” 这里“who is a doctor”就是对“Mary”的同位语解释，让我们知道 Mary 的职业是医生。
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧导语：阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
下面就由小编为大家介绍高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧，大家一起去学习吧！猜测词义题解题技巧在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
这种题常见的提问方式有：The word “…” in paragraph … can best be replaced by … ….The underlined word “…” most probably means ….By saying “…”, the author means …The expression “…” is closest to …According to the passage, the phrase “…” suggests …The underlined part “… …” (in Para. … ) means …..做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。
因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。
猜测词义时，一般可利用以下三个方面的线索：一．针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1．根据定义（definition）猜测词义如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
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1. In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water their fields. To irrigate means__灌__溉__.
注：or=mean 表示一词语对另一词语的 解释关系或为其同义词语
1.Tom is considered an autocratic administrator（管理人员）because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others．
autocratic means __独__断_专__行__的___.
john 厕所 • Tim drank too much
water last night, so he went to visit john twice.
一、词义猜测题在高考题中的题量
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 年年年年年
2
1
1
1
1
二、题干设置
Questions are usually as follows:
1) According to the author, the word “…” means _______.
2) The word “…” most likely means _______. 3) The word “…” in Line ...probably means 4) By the word “…”, the author means_______. 5) In Line ... , the word “…” refers to _______. 6) Which of the following is nearest /closest in
大人物
shanghai 诱骗
• Tourists shanghaied into buying expensive fakes(假货). Some guides told them that fakes are good. They are worth buying.
japan 日本漆器
• Kate: do you know japan?
meaning to “…” ? 7) In Line …, the word “…” could best be
replaced by which of the following?
三、做题技巧
1、构词法
根据前缀、后缀、词根、 合成、派生等构词法判断 的词义。
1.When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him.
fin means ______鱼__鳍____. slimy means ___滑__溜__的_____. scale means _____鱼_鳞______.
Summary
Skills of guessing words
1.构词法 2.类比关系，同义词 3.对比关系，反义词 4.定义、解释或举例 5.因果关系 6.生活经验和常识
The word “celebrities”means_名__人__.
3、类比关系（同义词）
常有and, or, like, similarly, also 等 词语来提示。
1. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful． detrimental means _有__害__的_，__不_利__的____.
4、对比关系（反义词）
有unlike, but, although, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead of, rather than等词表示对比或反义。
1.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble(谦虚的) and modest． supercilious means __傲__慢_的__，__目__空__一_切__的__.
花 给 他 们 送 来了一 份快乐 。 我 在 想 ， 什么 是孝？ 是
阅读理解解题指导
---猜测词义
• a big potato • shanghai • japan • john
a big potato
• Tom is a great man. Tom is treated as a big potato.
2. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbour all called her an eccentric lady. eccentric means ___奇_怪__的______.
impassable means___无__法__通__过__的___.
2. Saint Valentine's Day is a time of happiness for lovers．Boys like to give girls flowers as presents．On that day，he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hand． forget-me-not means __勿__忘__我______.
A.accepting C. rejecting
B. claiming D. canceling
2、One of Britain’s bravest women told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected police killer David Bieber—and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said that she could be in line for a share of up to ￡30,000 reward money. A. get B. be paid C. ask for D. own
Have a try
1、“Why didn’t you keep the money? ” asked the thief. The professor replied, “I couldn’t because it is not mine.” Then he walked off, spurning the thief’s offer of a reward.
《 重 阳 节 的一 份思索 》 落 叶 飘 飞 的季 节，大 雁南归 ，寻找 着温暖 的地方 ；夏花 已被秋 风扫尽 最后一 片 花瓣， 无奈的 枝头似 乎不再 凌乱， 他们似 乎在默 默地等 待下一 个年轮 ，再生 根， 发 芽 ， 绽 放 。在这 个万花 凋落的 季节， 一年一 度的菊 花开满 了城市 的街道 。菊花 遍 地 ， 花 瓣 婀娜， 为几乎 要冷落 的街道 平添了 一道绚 丽的风 景。每 天，在 上班的 路 途 中 ， 我 都会流 连于菊 花丛中 ，领略 菊花的 美艳与 芳容， 感受菊 花的妩 媚。 菊 花 以 它 特有 的习性 盛开在 重阳节 ——老 人节。 那千娇 百媚的 菊花是 这个季 节 送 给 老 人 们的最 灿烂的 祝福。 老人节 到了， 我从花 市挑选 了一束 绚烂缤 纷的菊 花 ， 欢 天 喜 地的来 到父母 的家中 。爸爸 妈妈看 到我手 中的花 束，只 问我这 是要送 给 谁。因 为我从 来就没 有给他 们送过 花，每 年都是 买一些 实实在 在的东 西给他 们。 今 年 ， 我 想 给他们 一个惊 喜，早 早的几 天就想 好了， 重阳节 的时候 给他们 送一束 鲜 花 ， 以 表 女儿的 一份心 意，也 让父母 感受一 份美丽 的浪漫 。当我 把花摆 在橱柜 上 的 时 候 ， 妈妈说 ：“这 辈子还 从来没 有人给 我送过 花呢， 瞧这花 ，多好 看。” 爸 爸 也 在 旁 边乐得 合不拢 嘴。笑 意写在 他们的 脸上， 我知道 ，我的 到来、 我的菊
• Alice: of course, it lies to the east of China?
• Kate: no, japan is not Japan.
• Alice: Why?
• Kate: japan just like china, you can use japan paint your desk, or furniture. Nippon do you know?
2.Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. Grubby means __肮__脏__的____.
5、因果关系
常以 because, as，since，for，so， thus，as a result，therefore， so… that...等词汇及结构来体现。
2.His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. Zoologist refers to ___动_物__学_家_.
3.You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. Periodicals means__期__刊__，__杂__志__.